Evening Star Newspaper, December 30, 1893, Page 15

—eE6U—CooCoCC————SS_—=—=—oee—————————————————————————————————————— IN TIME OF PEACE. The Proposed Legislation to En- large the Volunteer Militia. 10 BE WO KINDS OF TROOPS Comparison of the National Guard Organizations of Different States. TO PROTECT THE — + CAPITAL. Written for The Evening Star. MPORTANT LEGIS- lation is just now formulating in Con- gress to promote the Peace and tranquility of the country by en- larging the volunteer militia In the states. Gen. N. M. Curtis, the giant-like captor of Fort Fisher by land assault in the Tebellion and now a Representative from New York, has intro- @uced and ts perfecting, with the co-opera- tion of the House committee on the militia, @ bili to accomplish that end. That there is urgent need of improve- Ment and extension in our militia system &@s proposed is admitted by all who have given the subject thought. Wise states- manship repeats Washington's aphorism, “In time of peace prepare for war.” im this country today of war from a for- eign enemy, but because, with the prevail- tng war clouds and rumors of war else- where, no one can tell when the lightning | might strike us here in the future, and particularly because of the well-grounded apprehensions entertained In many quar- ters of city riots and mob disturbances | should the present business and industrial | depression continue. The significant action | of the District militia in putting into prac- tice the time-honored theory of street riot drills has served to convey a timely Suggestion to the militia of the states, who will doubtless follow suit in agora of Prospective outbreaks within their juris- diction. With our little regular army of 28,000 men scattered all over the western | frontier. reliance must be placed by the country at large in an emergency on our eftizen soldiery alone, and hence the ne- cessity of its being brought to the highest degree of efficiency. ‘The Twe Kinds. Gen. Curtis” measure provides that the militia shall consist of all able-bodied American citizens between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, except government ofticials and persons of the customarily ex- empted avocations, and that the whole be divided Into two classes, organized and un- organized—the organized to be known as the National Guard and the unorganized as the reserve militia. The National Guard is to be constituted of such troops as may be enlisted in the several states and ter- Fitories under their respective laws end with their respective governors still acting as commanders-in-chief within the states. It will not be subject to military duty to the United States, except when called into service by Congress or by the President, who is authorized to make the call in case of invasion or rebellion. But its organiza- tion and instruction shall conform as close- Josiah Porter, Adjt. Gen. N. Y. N. G. as possible to that prescribed for the pane: and when imto the federal service every member refusing to obey will be amenable to trial by militia court-mar- tial. As to the reserve militia, it will not be able to the federal duty, except by action of Congress alone, but both National Guard and reserve militia when called out shall be entitled to the same pay and subject to the same rules and articles of war as Treg- ular troops. All expenses of marching and transportation are to be paid by the gen- eral government. The present annual ap- propriation of $400,000 for arms and equip- ments is increased to $000,000 as a starter, but a3 a condition precedent to the receipt of its proportionate share each state must require every organization in its National Guard to go into camp of instruction for not less than five days and assemble for drill not less than twelve times in a year, besides undergoing inspection once a year by state officers, as Is already done in some of the states, where, in addition, the militia is examined by army officers and drills are conducted in connection with detachments out and the whole system is simplified, re- generated and rendered easy of operation. The proposed measure has received the cordial approbation of the Secretary of War, the adjutant general, quartermaster gencral and inspector general in Washing- ton and the enthusiastic xpproval of adju- Militia s and eminent military experts ntry. In a word, its design take the present organized militia as ais and upbutld, improve and make nm all the states, adhering cicse- y regulations as to structure all over the ‘the Militia cs It Now ta, en as it now stands, our orgaaizad vol- er militia in E u worthy of high regard and admiration. According to the very latest returns it ag- &regates members, of whom about 6yr0 are in the artillery and evalry arms 4 100,900 in the infantry. fhe rel- ative strength of our citizen soldiery cvail- able in the leading states may be set down in or eaen x chusetts Carolina Ing eighteen states, in the ew Mexico and Arizona and in the District of Columbia the militia grad- tally dwindles down to 308, maintained by District of Columbia militia, mirably efficient, numbers but “, that of the state of Rhode Island, 4; of Kentucky, 1.319. and of Louisiana, Besides the militia proper, most of i aboard and lakeside states have a Baval battr‘ion of 200 or 300 men, organ- popular | Not that there is any special danger | of the -tates 1s | THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 30, 18983-TWENTY PAGES. ized since 1849, for whose equipment Con- gress annually grants $25,000. Rapid Mobillaation. It 1s a fact of surpassing moment not generally appreciated, that most of our eltizeu soldier armies are able to mobilize at any points within their own states in from six to sixty hours, in condition to do |real fighting. The District brigade can | even form in readiness for service in two | or three hours. Of course in the states a longer time is required, according to extent | of territory. Thus the Massachusetts and South Carolina volunteers, having jess ter- | ritory to traverse, can assemble in from six to twelve hours, while the Illinois National | Alfred Orendorff, Adjt. Gen. Il. N. G. | Guard can be mustered at any of the great | railroad centers of that state in tweive Keurs, and at any other localities in the state in eighteen hours. The New York | troops also can be concentrated at any | point inside the state within eighteen hours, | aid the Pennsylvania within tweaty hours. | The Georgia infantry and aitillery, mostly | located on railroad lines, can be gathered | in twenty-four hours, while for tle major- | ity of the cavalry forty-eight hi would | hours. The Texas militia even without being forewarned, at any | point within the state in twenty-four hours. The remarkable character of this will be appreciated vhen it is remembered that one can ride over 1,000 miles in a straight line through the lone star state without leaving its borders. The possibilities of moving state troops thus rapidly have been tested of late on several occasions. At the outbreak of the | memorable ,switchmen’s strike at Buitaio in August," 182, the commanding olticer of the fourth New York brigade received telegraphic orders from the sheriff of Erie county at 6 p.m. on the 15th to furnish two regiments to protect the property of the Reading, New York, Lake Erie and West- \ern, New York Central and other ratiroads | converging at Buffalo. These regiments were | Supplied befcre midnight. On the following | night, the 16th, upon order of a state su- | Preme court justice, the remainder of the |W. W. Greeniand, Adjt. Gen. Pa. N. G. | brigade was called out, and by daylignt next morning, the 17th, was on duty at | Buffalo. But ‘these forces still being in- | adequate, additional troops were called tor ‘on the 18th. Before daylight on the 1 | seven more regiments, chosen chiefly from the first and second brigades in New York and Brooklyn, and seventeen separate com- panies from the third brigade at Albany {came later in the day. Thus, of the 7,000 jmen engaged, approximating two and a half brigades, ali turned up in from six to yeighteen hours. The expense incurred by | the state in this movement amounted to | $200,000, but the troops acquitted themselves | with infinite credit, proving equal to every emergency and demonstrating their tapac- ity to respond to summons instantly. At Homestead. The historic descent of the Pennsylvania National Guard upon Homestead in the pre- vious month was an achievement even mort brilliant. No such rapid concentration of @ like body of volunteers from far distant parts, with such full ranks and without Previous notice, was ever accomplished be- fore or since. The muster of the Sheridan troop, whose farmer members ieft their | work, unhitched their horses, mounted them } and galloped to the rendezvous, rivaled | similar scenes of the revolution. ‘I'ne men | of two infantry companies in the Schuylkill anthracite region were miles undecground | mining coal when orders reached them, yet | they dropped their tools instantly, ascended to the surface, cleansed themselves of the | grime, donned their unitorms and entered the ranks. ‘Che captain of another company was ill in bed. His wife arose In the night, herself harnessed his team with a .anzern’s | ald, drove to town and personally summoned the privates. Officers and men hurriad from all parts of the country, as far away as New Orleans, Boston, Maine, ‘Texas and California, and some abroad cabied their | willingness to come. ‘The governor's order calling out the key- | stone troops was given the division com- mander at Harrisburg at 10:0 Sunday night, July 10. At 11:50, ) and 2 a. m. the transmitted order had been received by the | commanders of the first, third and second brigades, respectively, living in widely- | scattered sections of the state. No more unfortunate and trying season, day or hour could have been deliberately selected for the success of the movement. Being Sunday | night, the country telegraph offices were | closed. But telephone and raliroad tele- graph wires were resorted to instead, and, when necessary, messages were sent to the | Nearest railway block and thence carried through by couriers to destinations, With | these Imperfect factlities the orders were | conveyed by the brigade commanders to | colonels, captains, sergeants and privazes in | turn, but the great majority of reginents and companies received no orders until 9 | o'clock Monday morning. Meanwhile the skillful staff worked incessantly. ‘I'ne quar- termaster general, who happened to be 1 superintendent of the middle division of the Pennsylvania railroad, and experienced in the details of army transportation, availed himself of the railway telegraph service, and with the aid of military and rallway maps anticipated requisitions by sending empty cars speeding all night to the points where they would be needed in the morning. One hour before noon the first brigade was on the cars and by 1 o'clock In the after- noon reached the point indicatéd for concen- tration—Mt. Gretna—in readiness for Home- stead or elsewhere, as occasion mignt re- quire. The other two brigades were nurried westward, and, to mystify the public and | mislead the strikers as to the point whence the approach was to be made, in case they meditated resistance, the final point of con- centration was kept secret even from the colonels of regiments on the cars. Before midnight Monday both brigrades, number- | H. L. Farley. Adjt. Gen. S. C. Vol. ing about 6,000 troops, with Meld artillery and camp baggage, were unloaded at 2 vta- tion called Radebaugn, near Homestead— the whole movement being completed and the entire guard assembled under arms and transporte ndreds of miles from nome In Jess than twenty-four hours from the im- stant the order was given to brigade com- manders, and sixteen hours after receipt >Y regiments. The Massachusetts militia annually prac- jtice an interesting tactical movement | known as “emergency mobilization” on | fleld day. The troops are suddenly ordered | to assemble a few miles outside some par- | tteular city or town, when an order to march in the presence of an enemy is as- sumed and an advance made upon the place. The supposed enemy having been located by reconnoltering parties, skir- 15 mishers are deployed, the charge is finally made and the enemy’s position carried. The Iiinoig National Guard gave an ob- Ject lesson of its power to move quickly in Avgust last. The whole division was con- centrated in Chicago for encampment at the world’s fair im twelve hours. The per- formances of the National Guard of Ten. nessee in July, 1891, in quelling.the upris- ing of miners at Coal Creek, incident to the convict labor troubles, and at Oliver Springs in August, 1892, were also shining illustrations of the swift movement of. our citizen soldiery on call. In the first in- stance the troops were massed in less than twenty-four hours, ranging from 262 to 422 miles. In the sec- ond outbreak, which resulted in a desperate battle with the miners, the troops respond- | where may be mentioned the ed with equal celerity, and in the action | Grays,” the “Eastman Volunteers’ following displayed the true Tennessee sol- dier spirit. State Organizaticns Compared. fhe militia in the various states differ from each other in many essentials, and | | traversing a territory | | force ts perfectly available—4,800 men—is in an admirable state of efficiency and has no “dead wood” in it. Next after it in point of size come the Georgia volunteers, the pride of the empire state of the south. The total force is 4,487—3,600 infantry, 674 cavalry, 157 artillery and 47 staff,1,268 being colored. The bulk of the troops are mustered in At- lanta, Savannah, Augusta and Macon. Some of the compantes bear distinctive names, as in other southern states, and some bear letters, as in the north, while still others combine both names and letters. Many styles of uniform prevail also in single regi- ments. At Savannah are the “Irish Jasper Greens” and “Republican Blues” and else- “Spaulding ud the “Valdosta Videttes.”” The troops bear most of their own expenses, including armories. The Texas Volunteer Guard also presents pecullarities. Its companies affect titles in preference to letters in many instances, notably the just now they offer an interesting subject | “Jeff Davis Rifles” and the “Mexia Minute of study, illustrating, as they do, the pecu- larities of the sections of our common country and indicating by their character and condition what can be expected of them in time of need. A few typical state or- ganizations, north, south, east and west, will suffice for comparisons. The New York | National Guard, the strongest of all, as be- fits the soldiery of the empire state, is lim- ited by law to 15,000 men, but that lirit is not now full. Its present roster of 12,006 officers and men is comprised in_ thirteen regiments, one Battalion and forty-four separate companies of infantry, one troop of cavalry and three signal corps. The cavalry arm is small, numbering only 105, likewise the artillery, 587, and the signal corps, 41, but the infantry foots up the large aggregate of 12,3 This force is divided into four brigades, with headquar ters in New York city, Brooklyn, Albany and Ruffalo. The uniform of the troops is substantial and durable, yet exceedingiy at- tractive, being a tasteful combination of blue and white. In New York State. The famous seventh regiment of New |be needed, and for the whole of it sixty | York city, containing 1,051 men in ten com- | could be | panies, is renowned the country over as the | W. H. Mabry, Adjt. Gen. Texas Militia. finest regiment of volunteer troops in America, perhaps in the world. It is sim- ply incomparable in every respect, and its illustrious history is in keeping with its merits. The state owns and maintains thir- ty-two armories and arsenals, in as many cities and towns scattered throughout its broad borders, of the value of at least $¢,- 000,090, Last year the legislature appro- propriated $400,000 for the expenses of the treops—exactly as much as the federal! gov- ernment at Washington grants to aid the militia of all the states—besides large sums for repairs and improvements to armorfes and for pensions to militiamen who happen- ed to receive injuries in the service. These pensions range between $8 and $72 per month. As a Protection to the National Capi- tal. The National Guard of Pennsylvania, ranking next In size to that of New York, is a truly admirable organization, being, as Col. W. J. Volkmar, U. 8S. A., reports to the Secretary of War, a model for the imita- tion of other state militia. In make-up, equipment, training and drill it has at- tained as near perfection as is possible for so large a volunteer force. It is officered in the higher grades by veterans of the late war, its uniform is precisely like that of the army, and in other respects, such as discipline, general structure and balance of the respective arms, it is patterned on regular army lines. It is, therefore, a mat- ter of pride with individuals composing it to be mistaken on parade for “real regu- ."" Owing to its strength and near- ness to Washington, it is justly regard- ed as the greatest safeguard we have for the security and defense of the national capital, since our District militia, recruited from Washington alone, is necessarily of limited membership. None of the National Guards, save that of Pennsylvania, makes a habit of attending the quadrennial tnaugu- rations of Presidents at Washington; and no one has observed the Pennsylvanians marching down Pennsylvania avenue on such occasions, plainly uniformed, but grim, compact, irresistible and apparently erdiess as they proceed, without being im- J. M. Kell, Adjt. Gen. Georgia Vol. pressed that in this single organization the country has a practical fighting army al- ways serviceable for an emergency in Washington on less than a day’s notice. ‘The entire guard forms a division of three brigades. Of its members 6,507 are qualified marksmen and sharpshooters. The finest cavairy in the division is the celebrated “City Troop” of Philadelphia—a swell or- ganization with a magnificent record of service in several wars, dating back to the revolution. It costs each member over a thousand dollars a year to belong to it, and each finds it necessary to keep three or four spirited chargers for his personal mounts. ‘he dress uniform is gorgeous beyond de- =. and the horse caparisons are daz- s. North and Sou The Massachusetts volunteer militia, ranking third in strength, is distinguished for thorough organization, excellent leader- ship and administration, good material in the ranks and a high morale and esprit de corps, as well as for superiority of arms, equipment, ordnance and all needful para- phernalia of war. It is an exceptionally fine looking body and its arms and equip- ments are always kept in prime condition. Its maximum strength is 448 officers and 6,007 enlisted men, but the number now on the rolls is 412 officers and 5,487 men, or 5,899 in all, segregated into two brigades, with two unattached corps of cadets. Ex. clusive of staff the infantry arm numbers 4,747, the artillery 333, cavalry 252, signal corps 52 and ambulance corps 32. Eighty- eight per cent can be relied upon for serv- ice outside the state for sixty days. Surprising to note, the South Carolina forces rank fourth in point of numbers, when the palmetto state itself ranks only twenty-third in population. Nevertheless its forces are not only numerically strong, but high-spirited as well, and made up of the very best people. The cavalry arm is abnormally large, numbering 1,570 out of the total, 5,286. As elsewhere in the south, the palmetto troops prefer distinctive names for companies instead of alpha- betical letters, conducing to local pride and emulation between companies and perpet- uating memories of men and places. Thus we find Charleston the “Palmetto,” “Moultri ‘Sumter” and “Lincoln Repub- ean” Guards; likewise at other points such titled companies as “Marion's Men of Winyah,” the “Columbia Zouaves,” the “Lee Light Infantry,” the “Edgefield Hus- sars” and the “Santee Cavalry.” Every man in the cavalry ts a brilliant rider and dead shot. But the most unique feature of the pal- metto chivalry is its uniform, which is not uniform, but on the contrary varies in style according to the will of individual companies, with the result that while gray is predominant, as many as six or eight companies can be seen in a single regiment each with a different garb. They run largely to gaudy tints, such as bright blues, yellows, reds and greens, with a profusion of gold lace and waving plumes, and on this account it fs jocularly said that the entire militia if spread out on a plain in solid phalanx would appear to a bird's-eye view like a gigantic Joseph’s coat. In the West. The Ilinois National Guard, closely fol- lowing that of Ohio, is not so extensive as those of some more easterly states, but its | | agree to the terms Men.” The whole force of 3,000 officers and men is well organized, armed and superbly e esting appendages to the guard are the “Rangers,” or frontier battalion, These are under pay and constantly occupied in the suppression of smuggling, train robbing and other forms of lawlessness in the sparsely tiled districts on the Mexican border. They are synonyms for courage and vigi- lance and their feats of riding and shooting are marvelous. Their mere presence in any jJocality has a wonderful restraining effect m evil doers. Last year they traveled 4% 864 miles, made 451 scouts and arrested criminals, besides Garza desperadoes on the Rio Grande. A Pidiculeus Ola Law. The militia statute of 17: never been repealed, has long been a dead letter, and an attempt to enforce it toda: woulda absurd and impossible. E President since Washington has urged t its defects be remedi d, yet no change nas boen made in the century. Some of its pro- visions are ridiculous at this date, and if they were executed the armed military force of this republic would be twenty-five times as large as that of either France or Ger- many, and would still be of little use in actual warfare; for they military duty from every citizen betwee the ages of eighteen and forty-five, and specity that his art and equipmeats must be either a musket, firelock or rifle, with two spere fints, a powder horn, twenty balls, @ quarter of a pound of powder and so on. Under this antiquated law the un- erganized or “potential” —what might, could or should be, but what really 18 not, except upon paper—is estimat- ed by the census bureau at 14,000,000 men. Should Gen. Curtis’ bill be enacted there Is no doubt that the National Guard already organized in the states would shortly be augmented to 150,000. This would leave 13,850,000 for the reserve militia, which could not under the proposed law he called out by the President, but only by Congress, JOHN D. CREMER. be ——_—_+e+ STRIKE Ft Immense Cost of Strikes—More Than Three-Fourths of ‘Them Fail. From the Philadelphia Ledger. rhe strike of the employes of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company is an appropri- ate occasion to direct the public attention to the official record of strikes in 1892, those that succeeded, those that failed, the various purposes for which they were ini- tated, and to recall the most suggestive of all the statistics on the subject—the losses. The figures are sufficiently impressive with- out commeat. The reports of the bureau of industrial statistics constituting part three of the an- nual report of the secretary of internal af- fairs of Pennsylvania exhibit the details relating to strikes and lockouts which oc- curred in the state during last year. From this official compilation it appears that there were twenty-six strikes in Pennsyl- vania. Of these, three were successful, four succeeded in part and nineteen totally failed to accomplish their objects. The number of persons directly engaged in these 26 strikes was 4,585; but the number involved was 7,414. The causes of the Penn- sylvania strikes were eleven in number. The most prolific were the refusal of em- ployers to recognize the Amalgamated Iron and Steel Association, and their refusal to of employes. Each of strikes. Other strikes “increase of wages,” “against rules of companies,” “against reduction of Wages,” “against non-union men,” “for shorter hours of labor,” “against the intro- duction of machinery.” These, with dis- agreements as to scale of wages, the im- Proper loading of cars by miners, and the improper repairing of tools, embrace ail the causes for which employes have resort- ed to strikes. The total losses entailed upon the public by the voluntary suspension of labor by employes during 183 cannot be estimated. The loss to employes, as shown by the pay rolls, was $376,246. The employers’ losses cannot be fixed. They were reported in only seven instances. In these they reach- ed $50,925. ‘The heaviest reported loss to employers was in the Pittsburg street rail- Way strike, continuing from January 15, 1392, to March 9, 1892, fifty-four days, in which the companies lost $43,000 and the striking employes $18,000. In the other instances where the employers’ losses are estimated the striking employes were by far the greater losers, In the strike at the Pittsburg tron works August 30, 1892, to September 13, 1892, twelve days, the employes sacrificed $12,000, while their employing company lost $5,000. During the strike of the rolling mill hands at Allentown, lasting forty-five days, from July 1 to August 15, 1892, the men sacri- ficed $9,000, against a loss of $2,000 sustain- ed by the company. Only a portion of the losses resulting from the great Homestead strike are in- cluded in the tabulated statement. It last- ed nearly nine months, and, as the monthly pay roll there was about $250,000, the loss to the strikers for the entire period of the troubles was about $1,290,000. The secre- tary of internal affairs says that no esti- mate of the loss sustained by the company could be obtained. The expense to Phila- delphia in maintaining the National Guard at Homestead was $440,256.31. Here is total combined loss and expenditure of $1,690,256.31, with an undefined loss from the suspension of business, and, perhaps, the permanent transfer of some of it to other places, to be added to the above sum. In the face of these exhibits, with the complete failure to accomplish the desired end in nineteen of the twenty-six strikes, and with only partial success in three in- stances, it may be safely asserted that, as @ means of redressing grievances and set- tling differences arising between employers and their employes, strikes do not pay in Pennsylvania. On the contrary, they have brought untold losses to the public, great privations to employes and their families and serious interruption to business. —— RES. these produced five were for She Wanted a Bouquet. From the Detroit Free Press. A little girl, poorly clad, and with a small coin tightly clenched in her hand, hastily entered the store of a fashionable fiorist. “I want the best bouquet you can give me for 10 cents,” she said to a clerk,who smiled audibly at her request. “I'd advise you to wait till next summer, missy,” he said, in a patronizing wey. “Flowers don’t grow in greenhouses for nothing.” The snub was lost on the child, who said eagerly: “Next summer won't be sister Lizzie’s birthday, and tomorrow Is Besides, 1 don’t want them for nothing. I told you I had 10 cents.” She was as grand as though it had been 10. “Go where the woodbine twineth,” caroled the clerk, “we have no 10-cent bouquets here.” The child looked at him with incredulous eyes. How could he speak so lightly of what appeared to her like actual wealth. Tears of cruel disappointment rose in her eyes, and she turned away. ‘A young girl who was tying up flowers had overheard this dialogue and was sorry for the child. She whispered hurriedly to the clerk: “There are the waste flowers, Mr. Smith. They haven't been thrown away yet, and some of them look pretty fresh.” The girl was so much in earnest that the clerk called ungraciously to the child: “Come back, litle one. Here are some roses and pinks that aren’t as fresle as the might be. You can have them for nothing if they'll suit,” and he tossed them to her. They not only suited, but they seemed to the grieved heart of the child as fresh and beautiful as those in the window. Her shining eyes and thankful words caused a little satisfied glow in the sallow cheeks of the careless clerk. He had helped an- other to do a kind deed, and the reflection of it warmed his own nature. Lizzie’s birthday was an all-round benefit. oe Judge—“‘Have you anything to offer the court before sentence is passed?" ‘0, your honor. My lawyer took my last shill- ing.""—Puck. require active | American militia | SONS OF NOTED MEN. They Would Seem to Prove the Value of Heredity. GOOD BIRTH NO BAR 10 SUCCES Not Handicapped by the Shadow of a Great Name. “Fort Worth Fencibles,” the) A HERITAGE OF BRAINS. eine ‘quipped for practical field service. Inter-| Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. NEW YORK, Dec. 29, 1893. N THE that hurries along Broadway these days, rushing in and out of the big effice build. ings, swallowing luncheons that ‘mean dyspepsia for life, the army of men and women who are struggling for exist- ence, there are some notable people, worthy sons of worthy sires. I saw in a short walk around the stock }exchange the other day young John A. Lean, young Evarts, son of a famous and | brainy father, young McCiellan, fated to | stand high in the councils of the democ- | racy, and other men born of distinguished | fathers and making fortunes for them- | selves, 1s there anything hereditary in the mat- ter of brains? Do brainy men endow their sons with a legacy of brains? are sons of ex-Presidents of the Unted States and of men who have gained Prominence in public life who may first be brought into evidence. Robert Lincoln, | who as given up diplomacy as an over- expensive pursuit, is practicing law and massing 32,00 a year. He hus not the remaraable qualities or his great father, but he is a very able man aud bas main- tained the prestige of the name of Lincoin in both public and professional life. His son who died a few years ago was also a chap of the oid block. i redernck Grant was noe considered very brigat when he was a youth, but he bas shown that ne possesses duiuy Of his father’s qualities and has suc- ceeded both as @ “epresenusuve of his country abroad and aatterly as a business man. Ulysses S. Grant, jr, has tnished sowing tus wild oats and is also holding his own in the world. Webb C. Hayes, suu of ex-i’resident Hayes, is a prosperous busi- hess man in Cleveland and James A. and Harry Garfield are prosperous lawyers in the same town. Alan Arthur, son of ex- President Arthur, is a lawyer. Hussell Harrison is one of the most bustling and fertile minded of business men, up to his eyes in schemes of one sort or another. Public men who did not achieve the dency have been just as fortunate in their sous. The two eldest of Mr. blaine’s sons were in every way a crelit. The son of te old Roman, -Allan tr. Thurman, has found his way to the front in politics in Ohio, as have the soas 0? Daniel Manning and Hamilton Fish in New York. Schuyler Colfax, jr., and Samuel Randall, ir., though still young, have shown that they have in herited brains from their tathers. So too with the great soldiers of the war. ‘The ¢ons of Grant have been already cited. One of the sons of Gen. Sherman, “Father -om" is a Jesuit priest who has already won a high reputation for learning and oratory. Gen. Sheridan’s son Phil, a bright jaime | fellow lke his father,is to go to West ‘oint. { i George B. McClellan. George B. McClellan, jr., though still a young man is already a prominent figure in New York state politics and is sure to be sent ahead by the men now in control. Gen. “Fighting” Phil Kearney’s son has been for some time prominent in military matters in his state. The son of Gen. Roger A. Pryor is manager of his father’s law offies in New York city. Lew Wallace, Jr, is also a rising lawyer. The son of Gen. 0. O. Howard graduated from West Point with credit and is on his father’s staff, and so the list goes, it is in financial circles that: the virtue of heredity finds the strongest practical argu- ments. It is a fact that the sons of the men who have been railroad and financial magnates have inherited their fathers’ keenness and that they have rarely been ruined through over pampering or in- dulgence. The Vanderbilts. ‘Take the Vanderbilts. But one of them ever did anything to disgrace the family and when he got to the end of his tether he blew out his brains. Cornelius Vanderbilt, the present head of the house, was @ model boy as he is a model man. He inherited all the shrewdness of his father and grand- father. The same is true of his brothers. Cornelius Vanderbilt iost his eldest son who would now be in the first flush of manhood but when be was living he showed that he wes a true Vanderbilt. Two others of the presnt Vanderbilts have sons and they too are of the old stock in their ways. ‘The same is true of the present genera- tion of the Astors. Willlam Waldorf, who has settled in England, was always a model young man of scholarly tastes and with an ambition to shine in literature rather than finance. His cousin John Jacob Astor was looked upon as being rather gay until he married a couple of years ago. He has since settled down to business in grim earn- est and has shown that he has all the Astor forethought—and hindsight too. TT Gould Boys. The Gould boys, George, Eddie and How- ard, have all inherited their father’s ability though Howard, the younger, has had but little chance as yet to show what sort of metal is in him. George has always been a man of business even before he came to manhood’s years, his one dissipation being the theater. Eddie was inclined to be a high roller and a plunger in Wall sireet until a short time before his father’s death, when he was brought up with a round turn. Since his marriage a couple of years 2go he has settled down and is now attending stretly to business. The sons of August Belmont, the famous banker and representative, are two other young men who have not Slitered what thelr father left them. Perry Belmont made a good record in Congress when he was a very young man, but his time is now taken up In managing banking houses. August, though inclined to be a sporting character, is also a good business man. Foxhall Keene, son of James R. Keene, the financier, is a society leader, a man about town and the best cross country rider in the neighborhood of New York. At the same time he is the right-hand man of his father in business and is very cleve: The son of D. O. Mills is his father’s pri- vate secretary and confidential agent. He is a handsome, suave young man, clever and cautious, and his father trusts him tm- plicitly and it would seem with good rea- son. Edwin Green, son of Hetty Green, who is worth some $50,000,000, is one of the most unassuming young men one could wish to meet, quiet alike in dress and manner and devoted to his brainy though somewhat ec- centric mother. ‘The late Charlies D. Pratt, the famous Standard Oil magnate and level-headed phi- lanthropist, left rich two sons, George and Harry, both chips of the old block and manly, democratic young fellows, both of whom are just entering upon business life. Both were famous foot ball players at Am- herst College, and both are sturdy speci- mens of young American manhood. They inherit more millions than is good for most young men to have, but this money is not likely to spoil them. Harry Beecher, an- other bearer of a famous name, was a great | foot ball player too, and bids fair to be- | come a more than crdinarily successful law- Mackey, son of the “Bonanza King” and his counterpart in appearance, used to be a pretty wild boy, but latterly he has settled down and, as his father ex- presses it, has “got his gait.” The young Floods and Fairs have not done so well. ‘Wiliam M. Evarts’ sons are lawyers with the exception of Prescott, who is an Episco- pal clergyman, with a growing reputation. ‘The son of Supreme Court Judge Harlan is a minister of growing renown. The son of the late Judge Rainsford is also a popular New York pastor. Frank Talmage, son of Dr. Talmage, who 1s a youthful edition of his father, is a minister who has already won fame in spite of the fact that he is blanketed by his father’s reputation. Robert Bonner turned his Ledger proper- ty over to his three sons, Robert, Charles and James, some years ago and gave them full rein. The three men the form and ‘matter of the paper radically and failure was prophesied for them. the contrary, they have The Sons of Actors. Great actors of a recent period have not had their names perpetuated by their There are no or haven't failed. and J. K. Emmett is still on the play bills. The poets and literary and newspaper men have been si in their sons where they have had any. The of Oliver Holmes is a highly success- ful author. The William Garrison today is a writer of uncommon power. = A. Dana still wields editors, their various tasks without moving to other quarters. It was a feat that attracted some attention at the time. Joseph Pulitzer, jr., bed Pd gine is guint arrived at H 2 fully train: his father's place. xd er eee Eliot F. Shepard, jr., son of of the New York Sail und Iexprees ts oer son of the proprietor press is still a part of the Shepard estate. Chauncey Depew, jr., is another lad who is fast approaching manhood, and a very accomplished lad he promises to be. Mr. w hopes for great things from “Buster,” who is bright and amiable and who, like his cultured mother and his famous has no lack of brains The son of Thomas L. James, ex-Post- master General, is another young man who has inherited his father’s brains and is like- ly to be heard of in the financial world some time in the future. John G. Carlisie’s son is seen often in New York and much resembles his father, whose assistant he is in the United States Treas- ury Department. Young Phil Armour, son of the pork king, is another young man very like his father, or will be when he grows stouter. The late Cyrus W. Field was not so for- | tunate in his sons as might have been ex- | pected in view of the fact that brains and | energy and audacity have been character- istic of the Fields for generations. David Dudley Field, the famous jurist, has been more fortunate. His sons conduct the great law business he built up, and conduct it in such a way that the oct reason to complain This record might be stretched on and on, but it te needless, for show that the pat for truth, to the eect men and ministers usually turned out badly, were sayings only. They were not truth. It is not necessary to m: or preach here, but it is probably true that more de- pends upon the sort of father and mother a boy has whether he grows up a good man or a dissipated fool than lies in the amount of weaith he may be ive heir to. Brains and training count for as much 88 money more often than we think. FOSTER COATES, eRe. as d Kayaks in Greenland. York Tribune. The evil communications of civilization have affected the good manners of these simple fisher folk of the far north. One of the obvious instruments of harm has been the seductive coffee pot. There are those who say that this daily beverage of millions is only harmless in the torrid zone, and that it is slow poison anywhere above the tropic of Cancer. One thing 1s sure—the Kskimo, long before the medical practitioners of civ- ilized countries discovered the fact, had found out that the excessive use of. coffee injuriously affected the nerves and ganglia of equilibrium. Of course they knew noth- ing of nerves or ganglia. What they ob- served was the practical fact that the per- sistent drinking of two large bows of strong coffee every morning sooner or later made it impossible for them to their nar- row kayaks in @ calm sea, to say nothing of managing them in a tempest. For that reason, at least in some communities, coffee was forbidden to the youth, though older men continued to indulge a habit which they felt was hurtful to them. It may seem a curious fact that the Eskimo should so soon have fixed upon the particular loan from civilization which was doing them un- usual harm. But their acuteness will not seem so strange when it is remembered that the livelihood of these people depends, to a very large degree, on the skill with which they can keep their balance in a boat in which not one civilized man out of millions could keep himself afloat. Just as a Kuro- pean or an American has his coat cut and made to fit him, so the Eskimo has his kayak made according to his size. The length does not usually vary much, being about 18 feet; nor the beam—for few men over 18 inches in breadth would be sea- worthy in @ canoe. But the depth whi: must be accommodated to the oarsman’s = varies considerably, and the hole at ich he enters his frail craft fits him like the finger of a glove. It is fitted with a narrow to which he binds what may here be called his topcoat. Thus he and his boat together make what is practically a water-tight floating machine. But that ma- chine is more unsteady than an empty bar- rel; and, as Dr. Nansen says, in Mr. Arch- er’s translation of his book on “ikskimo Life: “It will be readily understood that it is not easy to sit in a vessel like a kayak without capsizing, and that it needs a good deal of practice to master its peculiarities. I have seen a friend of mine in Norway, on making his first experiment tn my kayak, capsize four times in the space of two min- utes; no sooner had we got him up on even keel and let him go than he stood on his head with the bottom of the kayak in the air.” Then the author adds a remark which illustrates in a specific way the strongest argument he presents in behalf of his sim- ple-minded northern friends: But when one has acquired by practice a mastery of the kayak and of the two-bladed paddle, one can get through the water in all sorts of weather at an astonishing speed. The kayak ts comparison the best boat for a single oarsman ever invented.” He is a remarkable example of the think- er in whom passion is forever taking the place of reason, who lives upon half-truths. A single illustration will be enough, and we will take it from “The Discourse on Inequality:” “The riot which ends in the Geath or deposition of a sultan is as lawful as the acts by which he could, the day be- fore, dispose of the fortunes and lives of his subjects. As his position was main- tained only by force, so by force only is he overthrown. Thus everything happens ac- cording to the law of nature; and whatever may be the outcome of these frequent and sudden revolutions, nobody has the right to complain of the injustice of his fellows, = merely of his own indiscretion or ill fuck.” To @ generation that is acquainted with the political uses of dynamite, these words of Rousseau may appear mild; let it, how- ever, be remembered that he was not a salaried assassin, but an original thinker and a man of genius. The wretches who commit crime for political purposes usually drift into the hands of the executioner, and the business is at an end; but Rousseau’s influence did not end at his death. Now if, in the ordinary course of human affairs, these words of Rousseau may with justice be put into practice, it follows that Charlotte Corday’s act in killing Marat may not have been a crime; it was such teachings as Rousseau’s (whether she was conscious of it or not) that gave her the inspiration. Charlotte Corday’s act was a crime; only a perverted moral sense will deck it out with fine phrases. Once more we find him tempting fate, And by his own design; His favorite sport is still to skate Around the “Danger” sign. A WOMAN’S BOOTS, A Man Looks at Them First in Judging of Her Atti Gt He and pudgy, | il Ey i E : | cfs f iil bi i : t i ! il tt on | 24 toes, just to show the how mistaken he was. The il hig ° ff i eH rts erat i il nothing fs gives up all hope you can fortable fit of her acknowledge it to herseif Now the real secret is this: Buy the new comfortable In fit that |and worn without discomfort. | two sizes too large is neater tractive than a worn one and the foot looks smaller Sensible. Sloventy. old shoes is a habit which it takes some- thing more than the Keeley cure to break up. Bern up the shabby slippers and try new ones of such soft kid and so large in size that you can put them on with per= fect comfort. Have many pairs of shoes on hand at the same time and change from one to the other to rest the feet. In most of the shoe stores of the best class the fitters know exactly the kind of boot a woman needs, and, if she doesn’t insist on wearing one three sizes too small or on be- ing fitted into a certain number because “she has always worr it and knows that her foot isn't any larger now than it was six years ago,” even though she has in- creased her weight by one-third, she will get a well-fitted boot. Now as to the style of boots to be worn, The fallacy that every foot ought to be fitted into a ye common-sense shoe has long ago been ex; . Feet have ha ay change since the days of the Greek From the constant wea-ing of heels the ankle ten- don has become, to a slight degree, short- ened, and needs the support of a heel to maxe 1 comfortable. And for a high-arch- ed foot, long and slender, to be crowded into a fiat common sense shoe produces more discomfort than all the much decried French boots ever did. One of the flat-foot- ed women splashing along through the mud in these ungainly common sense boots that let your feet down all over Into every pud- die, and doing it all with a superior air to think she has conquered the last dragon of | vanity, is a most exasperating spectacle to ‘a dainiy, right-minded woman with a pretty foot that fashionable boots really fit. The | happy medium always the better choice, and even common sense has its own vain glory and conceit as well as the most friv- |olous vanity. Many a woman in the craze | for hygienic Gress has come home from @ @ay’s shopping with ber ankles fairly in cramps from trying to wear the flat-hecled boots, and spent a sad and complaining hour cleaning the mud from her garments accumulated through the splashing of those same boots, which she swears a terrible wo- man’s oath by all her hairpins never to put on her feet again, and for once in her life doesn’t break it. English women have the ugliest feet in the world, but from them we have the latest idea in boots, which are made of calf skin, like men's boots, only finer and softer. They are blacked in the same way as @ man’s boots, and therein lies thelr excellence, for they may be made like new after every wearing. It is a kind of prob- lem to the girl to know just how to get the boots blacked, unless she ts so fortunate as to keep a maid, and many a small boy brother is earning bis pocket money these days blacking his sisters’ shoes. It is con. sidered quite the swagger thing to get these boots made at men's bootmakers, particu- larly the kind of a bootmaker who will not touch them except through the interces- sion of one of his regular male customers, and charges a great deal more than they are worth to make them at all. There ts something so exciting about getting them fitted and going with this particular cus- tomer to order them, particularly if the foot is small and dsinty and he may Gné@ out the measurements. “