Evening Star Newspaper, September 18, 1893, Page 8

FORMIN THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C. MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1893—TWELVE PAGES. G IN THE PRESIDENT’S SQUARE. FROM MOUNT VERNON! President Washington’s Trip to the Corner Stone Laying. AN EARLY MORNING JOURNEY In an Old-fashioned Coach With One Companion. HIS STOP IN ALEXANDRIA. HE FIRST RAYS OF the sun are tinting the sky hanging sor- ber and gray over the hills of Virginia. The mists begin to rise from the broad bed of the Potomac and the chill of the early morning struggles with the warmth that is beginning to shoot from the east. The silence of night is broken at the Mount Fernon plantation. A sleepy negro drags himself from a little house in the rear of the mansion in the slave quarter and, rubbing his eyes, makes bis way lazily to the stables. The very fogs are sleepy and scarcely wag thelr tails as the man opens the door an@ begins to feet the splendid horses that he disturbs from their rest. While the stable man is shaking out the hay for the animals and giving a careful tye to the bright harness and a peep here and there at the great lumber- fmg coach that stands under a shed near by, a vague shape in the mist, there are signs of life at the house on the edge of the bluff of the river. The smoke begins to curl warmly from the chimney of the cook house immediately in the rear. A portly negress comes to the door with her arms akimbo, her bright bandanna set neatly about her woolly head, her round face shining in the increasing daylight. In a good-natured voice she calls out a mame. In a moment she impatiently re- peats it, and presently there comes a haif- grown boy, who busies himseif with the wood and water for the cooking. It is fairly hght now, the great old clocks ‘m the halls of the mansion have struck 6 o'clock, and a delicious odor of cooking food streams out from the domain of the woman with the bandanna. Down in the stables the sleek horses have been taken out for a Dit of exerciss. Tke stable boy, now aided by @ gray-haired old uncle, who gives va- rious sage advice as to the points of strength and weakness of the animals, is bungrily sniffing the atmosphere that floats to his broad nostrils now and again from the kitehen—an appetizing aroma of trying fat, steaming corn bread, mingled with the fainter tang of coffee. ‘The hens are cackding now, and the dogs are barking, the negroes shouting to each other, while from inside of one of the little shanties comes the refrain of an old mel- ody, brought from the wilds of Africa by white-haired slave. ‘The clang of a creat bell breaks upon this soft mingling ef sounds, snd there ts a sien of activity inside the mansicn. Great platters of steaming food are being taken from the hake house through the colon- nade into the main house. The favorite servants. those who stay under the same roof as the distinguished master, have put on their gayest dress, and appear now and then at the doers or windows, thrown open to exch the crisp, fresh air of the mid- Septefaber morning, only to dart back at some cail from within. ‘There is evidently a great event on the Program of his excellency the Pres- Ment of the United States, the owner ef this beautiful home. Some un- usual happening !s about to occur, for, see, there are men running the horses back and | forth, and others packing the Boots of tl | coach with traveling goods, and other® | dusting off the old conveyance and making it as bright as new. Scene ou Huuting Creek. ‘The sun's half an hour high wien there is a great bustle at the northern doors of | the manston. The house servants emerge | fn thelr statelfest form and selves alongside the porch, w drawn by its the door, the ne erect on the box. | are on horseback at a little | er and smiling, and when the | the door, clad in his | Gress of travel, all bow low and do him | Fevereace. It is not the President they salute, but their master, whom they love and respect | the more for the honors that have been | heaped upon him by a grateful nation. | He fs mpanied by a tall, clerical look- | ing gentleman, who stands respectfully by hile the master salutes his wife with a oly caress. le the coach. less horses, is driven up to ro driver sitting proud and | made. Out throug! north of the dcor ach, drawn 2 the proud st away, at a sign: pullsup his hy of an hour later the 3 the coach, his horse dri ¥ of the c egun again,and no fur- ther stop Is made for en hour. | Presently the faithful horses show signs | of weariness, and the coach {s pulled up at the edge of a sturdy brook that flows along thei charges amd’ bathe. thelr neces, elr charges an e their noses. One of the men dismounts and pushes his way into the bushes on the side of the stream. In a moment he emerges with a tin cup of water taken from the famous spring, the great Gum Spring that adds its waters to those of Hunting creek. ‘The occupants of the coach drink and are refreshed and the horses are driven into the stream and allowed to drink thetr fill. In a few minutes the way is resumed, and the grateful steeds dash on and whirl the goach along the dusty mad at top speed. The coach sways and swings on its leath- ern straps like a ship at sea. The rumble of the wheels, the clatter of the hoofs, and the creaking of the straps make merry music. The road is not the best, and here and there @ rut has been sunk in the way that gives the travelers a goodly jolt. There is nothing but good mature, however, and many a quip and joke ts heard between the stately sentences of the occupants, as they discuss affairs of the state and the church. ‘The President glances from the window at the sun, which is now well up into the heavens, and then pulls from his pocket his teat round watch. Ite wide gold hands point to the quarter after eight o'clock. He speaks to the driver and the crack of the whip sounds sharply above all the other noises of the journey. The attendants spur their horses, and the caravan dashes on through the scattered signs of a town. One of the men on horseback is riding shead a few rods, nodding here and there to pedestrians on the wayside. These recog- nize tho proud sarvants of his excellency and stan 5 back to lift their tattered hats and bow deepiy when the coach roils along. Suddenly the cavalcade Passes © group of men on their way to the town. They gather in a knot close to the wheel track and give a rousing cheer -¥ Hotel, Alexandria, while the coach labors heavily up a slight hill. A handsome face appears at the win- dow, the white head is bowed in acknowl- edgment of the salute, another cheer star- tles the morning calm and then the coach goes on, while the President leans back 4 smilingly chats with his ministerial friend about the attitude of the common people to the government that is now so Well on its way to prosperity. The signs of habitation are growing thicker and soon the wheels of the coach are rattling over the cobble stones of a street. The negroes on horseback have dashed ahead. When, a few romeats later, the carriage rolls up in front of the door of a tavern, the City Hotel, all is in prepa- ration for the reception of the distinguished guest. Men spring to take the horses’ heads. Others vie with each other for the honor of opening the door. Those who have been unable to secure places of honor rarge themselves in a double line between the coach and the porch of the hostelry. The landlord stands tn the portal, smiling, rub- bing his hands in anticipation of tie future glory to him and his house for the honor of having entertained the Idol of the cuun- try.« George Washington. The President and his companion disappear inside of the house. A dash of cool water, a few min- utes of repose in comfortable chairs, a light luncheon and the tourists are ready to go on. They have not tarried half an hour and they spring into tne coach with added vigor ag the refreshed horses are brought around and harnessed once more. At the Ferry, Mason's f: E It is now nine o'clock. There is no time to be lost. The capital city lies eight miles further on, and folks are waiting for the President at the other en of the route. Great ceremonies will be postponed until his arrival. He speaks quickly to the drivers and urges them to their best work. The harses seem to feel the inspiration of the occasion and make their way gallantly alo1 the road, which ts generally ‘bad and hard to travel. They dash down the hills and tug up the other sides, and in an hour they are standing, with steaming flanks, on the high banks of the river, wifich they have been skirting ever since they left Mt. Vernon. There is a short pause to see that the harness is Intact, and then the carriage is Igt slowly down the steep road that leads to the shore. A magnificent panorama is spread before the President as he jeans out of the window and speaks to his companion with tears in his eyes. He shows him the thriving city of Georgetown, all life and bustle, with ves- sels at her wharves, her stately houses reaching far up on the hills, her streets, bordered with trees, running back from the stream !n straight lines. He tells the minister of the great future there is in store for the beautiful town. Then he waves his hand slowly to the south- eastward and points out the site of the |elty that shall bear his own name, now in embryo, but within a century to become the queen of America. With particular care he points his finger to a certain wooded spot on a high place midway between the limits of Georgetown and the river flowing into the Potomac. “There,” he says, “is the beginning of the grandest structure of the age. There is about to be celebrated an event that will never be forgotten. There are belug planted the seeds that are to grow until the branches flourishing there will reach from ocean to ocean.” The coach has reached the bottom of the i ty, and the horsemen have al- ferryman from the its Morses are scow and a few dled by freight to the arr, however, for the hour is te, and there is yet some distance to be coverec. At the northern edge of the | the meantime the real murderer is at Iiber- bes j peculiariy dist! brawny | son family. | he coming of the | reeting upon his | pet, La., and arming with the intention of siend. The | slaughtering the white people in that sec- island another great scow 1s in waiting, to take the President and his agroas the broader and swifter part river. ‘The horses back @ Uttle Prospect, and there is some delay in getting them on board. But careful treatment soon sooth their nerves and they are all safely board. In a few minutes the northern 1s reached. The coach is driven to the shore from the scow, the hamess is looked the President responds to the greetings of the score of citizens who have gathered on the wharf to see him, and then the toll- some journey up the High street ts begun. ‘The harness is not satisfactory and half way up the horses become restive. The President grows alarmed, but the careful work of his trusty servants soon effects steadiness and the summit of the hill is reached in safety. Then the coach bowls along on the gentle slope that carries the street downward to the Rock creek. There are no bridges, and as the water is low the cavaloade will ford the stream. The servants dismount and give their horses to the President and his companion. The negroes get astride two of the horses of the coach, and in five minutes the other bank is reached without disaster. A band of music breaks the silence as soon as the President lands. His escort is awaiting him on the east bank of the Rock greek. It consists of Masonic lodges 2 of Virginia, and 9 of Maryland, together with the Alexandria Nght infantry, and a band of music. They have been waiting for some time. In a few moments a procession is formed, and the march 1s taken towards the President's square, through an aisle of great trees that line the road on either side. ‘The road is level and smooth, and there is Uttle delay in getting to the square within ‘which the White House Is to be bullt. Arrived there the President withdraws for a moment within the coach and unties the bundle that he came so near to forget- ting. From it come the various articles of his Masonic regalia, which he puts on with great care. fully uniformed, he emerges from the coach and is received with honors, to take up the march to the site of the great structure that is about to be erected. See It is with difficulty that the details of Weshington’s journey from his home to the ceremoniais are obtained. His diary year 17%, which should throw a Sreat deal of light upon the subject, ts missing. There is a story extant that this document was purloined by his secreta: Lear, ther With some other that contain upon Jefferson. lly believed. The diary, however, is missing, and it {s only by means of allusions which the general makes to the trip here and there in his subsequent writings that the story of the aye preeee can be = ‘ ‘ashington’s presence in the neighbor- hood at the time of the ceremony was thi result of a peculiar state of affairs. Hii headquarters, as President, were at Phila. delphia, but there was then raging in the city of brotherly love a fierce epidemic of yellow fever, every one that could move had legt the city. Congress was not in session and Washington's presence in Philadelphia was not actually necessary, #0 he had come down to Mount Vernon at the beginning of the summer to spend his period of rest with his family on his plan- ation. Had it not been for these facts it is probable that the President would not have been present at the laying of the corner stone. His companion on the trip from Mount Vernon was the Rev. Mr. Muir of Washington. —>_—_ THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Its Last Meeting Before the Centen- nial Ceremonies Today. Final preparations for today’s celebration were completed at the meeting of the ex- ecutive committee on Saturday night. In the absence of Chairman Lawrence Gard- ner, Dr. J. M. Toner presided. The invitation committee, through Mr. M. W. Wines, reported that all invitations had been extended as directed, and that a large number of copies had been placed on sale 8 souvenirs of the occasion. Dr. Frank T. Howe, chairman of the music committee, made a report on the public rehearsal, and as an evidence of tts success, Mr. James F. Scaggs, from the committee on evening en- tertainment, turned over the sum of §232 to the treasurer. ‘The thanks of the executive committee were extended to the director of the cho- Tus, the assistant conductors, and the mem- bers of the chorus themselves, and also to = James F. Scaggs and Dr. Frank T. lowe. It was announced that the stands erected at the Capitol, having a seating capacity of 3,200, had been thoroughly inspect and Pronounced to be absolutely safe. The chairman of the finance committee, Mr. John Joy Edson, that sufficient funds had been raised to defray alf ex- penses, The entire amount raised from sub- scriptions amounted to $5,041, and in addi- tion, $282 had been turned Into the treasury as the net proceeds of the public rehearsal. Carriages for members of the committee were provided for on motion of Mr. Weller. after which Mr. Gardner, who had arrived, addressed the committee, reviewing the work that had been done, and expressing his gratification at the very pleasant rela- tions that had existed between himself and the members of the different committees. After receiving a report from the commit- tee on illumination, the committee ad- journed to meet at the call of the chairman. —__ THE OLD RECORDS. What the Commissioners of the City Said of the Corner Stone Laying. The record of the proceedings of the com- missioners appointed by tie President of the United States by virtue of an act of Congress entitled, “An act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the government of the United States,” apprev- ed by President George Washington Jan- uary 24, 1791, makes only a brief reference to the ceremonies attending the laying of the corner stone of the Capitol. It ts con- tained in the musty archives of the com- missioners originally charged with the ac- quirement, laying out and improvement of the District of Columbia. ‘These records are now in the custody of Col. 3. M. Wil- son, U.S.A., commissioner of public bulld- ings and grounds, and are keot sacred with a view to their careful preservation for future generations, ‘The only entry on these recoris bearing on the present occasion ts the following: “At a meeting of the commisstoners ‘at Georgetown on the second day of Septem- ber, 1793, and continued by .djourniment to the’ third day of the same month. Present—Thomas Johnson, David Stuart and Daniel Carroll, esqs. Sunday letters were recetved. The following representa:ion of the state of the public buildings jn the city was pub- lished, to wit: ‘The Capital is in progression; the south- east is yet kept vacant; that corner stone is to be laid with sthe ‘assistance of the brotherhood the 18th instant. Those cf the craft, however dispersed, ure requested to join the work; the solemaity iy expected to equal the occasion. The preceding day the sale of lots in the city commences. The inhabitants on Loth sides of Poto- mack will attend to thefr interest, theirs and that of the Union are the same. The first story of the hotel is expected to be up by that ilme and the lottery for that elegant building will be then drawing. Nuntbers are expected from the extreme parts of the continent and if nature, beauty and solidity can please they will be grati- fied. The inhabitants cf the city of Wash- ington are remarkably healthy.” This appears to have been copied into the records from a letter dated September 10. 17%, sent from the gity of Washington, and published in the Maryland Journal and Bal- timore Advertiser. Another entry bearing on the early his- tory of the Capitol shows chat on Septem- ber 28, 17%, “The commissioners jirect that Mr. James Hoban take on himself the gen- eral superintendence of the Capitol, and that the work thereof be conducted agree- able to the orders which may be given from time to time concerning the same." oe Three Brothers Lynched. Roselius Julian, colored, on Friday after- noon, near New Orleans, shot Judge Victor Estopinal to death while the latter was try- ing him for a trivial offense, seriously wounded the judge's son, and then made his escape. The shooting occurred in the court room, and the murderer continued firing until the judge fell mortally wounded. Three brothers suspected of alding the | murderer to escape and of feeding him | were lynched Saturday night. The lynch- | ing was conducted quietly, and not a shot fired during the entire proceedings. In and his brothers, who died to save him from the fate which they met, will soon be resting in unmarked graves, heroes of a ctive type. There is a general beifef in that section that the murder of Judge Estopinal was the carrying out of a preconceived plot. | The Judse had been very strict in his rul- ings when the negro tough element of the parish were brought before him. The negroes are massing at Camp Para- tion. ‘There were 10,000 people at Deflance, Ohio, Saturday to hear Gov. McKinley speak DIFFERENT CAPITALS. Cities Where the Seat of . Govern- ment Was Held BEFORE WASHINGTON WAS SELECTED. The Story of the Wanderings of Congress. ITS PERMANENT HOME. © THE AVERAGE American citizen of today the seat of the government means the beautiful state house on Capitol Hill and the magnificent elty which forms its appropriate setting. Few of the present generation _reflect that the proud home of the nation today is the crystalization of 100 formative and creative years. Fewer still hold adequate conception of how small and weak a bant- ling was this same federal government in its inception and infancy, and how, through the exigencies of the war which gave it birth, it was in those early years often forced to seek a new abiding place. The beginning of the federal government was an gecident—that is, so far as human design Went. The first Continental Con- gress, which assembied in Philadelphia on the bth day of September, 1774, had no thought beyond the redress of the griev- ances of the colonists, as British subjects. The principle of resistance to wrong and oppression was inherent in thelr very na- ture, but the idea of independence had not then taken shape. Carpenters’ Hall, Pi There were but fifty-three members of that first representative body, and they comprised delegates from all of the colonies except Georgia. They met in a bullding known as Carpenters’ Hall, being a two- story brick structure which stood on Chest- nut street between 3d and 4th. This first Congress comprised among its members such men as Samuel and John Adams of Massachusetts, John Jay of New York, Roger Sherman of Connecticut and George Washington, Richard Henry Lee and Patrick Henry of Virginia. This body attempted no legislation, being in fact only a convention, but the resolu- tions they passed gave forth no uncertain utterances touching the strained relations then existing between the colonies and the mother country. So bold and yet so dignt fled and conservative were their declara- tions, that the Earl of Chatham was fain to give expression to his admiration in a speech in the British house of lords. ‘This body adjourned on the 26th of Octo- ber, 1774, after providing for the assembling of a new Congress to meet the following year in the same city. In the meanwhile, instead of the redress hoped for from the home government. came thick and fast the mighty events which ushered in the revol tion. When the second Continental Congress met, on May 10, 1775, the battle of Lexington had’ been fought, the eloquence of Patrick Henry had sounded the war cry of freedom, and 20,09 patriots were beleaguering the royalist troops in Boston. This second body was composed largely of those making wu the first Congress, and, in addition, we fin such names es John ‘Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and George Cliaton. Independence Hal ‘They met, not in the building occupied by house, built in 1729, standing on Chestnut street between 5th and 6th. They wasted no time in dalliance with the idea of redress, but rather addressed themselves to the stern realities which they found thrust upon the country. They voted to raise a continental army, and appointed George Washington commander-in-chief. This body remained in continuous session in the old state house, and it was in this bullding, on the Fourth of July, 1776, that the Declaration of Independ- ence was voted, and the famous old “Liberty bell” rang out the glad tidings. But during the summer of thls year, came the disas- trous battle of Long Island, the retreat of Washington's forces across New Jersey, and the threat on the part of the British to capture Philadelphia itself. Adjourned to Baltimore. The danger of capture grew so Imminent that the Congress adjourned on the 12th of December, and on the 20th of the same month they reassembled in the city of Balti- more, where they occupied a three-story building on the corner of Baltimore and Liberty strects, which was afterward known as the Congress House. Their sojourn here, however, was of siort duration, for the stic- cess of Washington at Trenton and Prince- it the way for their removal once to Philadelphia, where they again took up their old q ters in Independence Hell, on March 4th, 1777. The British, however, were still bent on the capture of Philadelph!a, moved thereto by the twofold reason of {ts being the cap- ital of the colonial government, and also the largest city in the country. On the lith of September of this year the Americans suf- fered defeat at the battle of Brandywine, [and two weeks later the British forces under General Howe occupied Philadelphia. the first Congress, but in the colonial state | > ‘The Court House at York, Pa. Congress adjourned in hot haste to Lan- caster, Pa., where they tarried only one day, and then adjourned to York in the same state, The archives narrowly escaped capture on this occasion, but finally reach- ed the new capital by way of Reading. They assembled in York on the 30th of September, 177, holding their sessions in the court ‘house. They continued here for about nine months, and some of the most important business’ transacted by the Con- tinental Congress came before the body during this period. The old Articles of Confederation which gave the country its first form of government were here formu- lated, and passed Congress on the 16th of November. LaFayette received his commis- sion as a major general in the army during this session, and it was here that Col. Wilk- inson brought the welcome news of Bur- woyne’s surrender, though he tarried 80 Jong on the way that one sarcastic member moved to reward the tardy messenger with a pair of spurs instead of the general's commission which he expected. Back to Philadelphia Again. The sitting of Congress adjourned at York in the latter days of June, 17/8, and, the British having evacuated Philadelphia early in that month, the body again as- sembled in the latter city on the 24 day of July, resuming their old quarters in the state house, or Independence Hall. Here they continued without further change of abode, until the close of the war, which virtually’ came with the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Moved to P ‘The next migration of the government was caused, not by the approach of the public enemy, but was due to the famous mutinous demonstration of some of the Pennsylvania troops, who marched from Lancaster, and, on the 2ist of June, 1783, drew up in line before the hall where Con- gress was sitting, and demanded their pay, which had been long overdue. They broke some of the windows of the building, and assailed the legislators with taunts, jibes and coarse jests. The Congress appealed to the state au- thorities for protection, but the latter failed to interfere, and so ‘the legislators once more packed up their belongings and re- moved, taking up their abode three days later In Princeton, N. J. ‘Their sessions began here on the 30th of June, 1783, in Nassau Hall, one of the buildings of the College of New Jersey. ‘This insult to the dignity of Congress caus- ed to be brought forward the subject of choosing a permanent home for the gov- ernment. It was debated at some length, but without definite result, and it was finally agreed that until such permanent lo- cation should be selected, they would meet alternately at Annapolis, Md., and Trenton, at Annapol In accordance with this agreement, that body next met in Annapolis, where it as- sembled on @he 26th of November, 1783. This session held its sittings tn the state house, which had then been erected only a few years, and it was here, on the 234 of De- cember, 1183, that Gen. Washington re- signed "his commission as commander-in- chief of the American forces. It is a remarkable fact that the Congress in which this historic scene was enacted consisted of only about twenty members; at least there were only about that number present. They continued thelr sittings here til June, 178, when they adjourned to meet October 13 of the same year in Tren- ton. This adjournment was, in point of fact, the first recess which the Congress had taken since it assumed the direction of at- fairs in 177. It was @ continuous body, like the present Senate, and had virtually been in continuous sesslon—interrupted only by the exigencies of war. Before ad- journment the question of some form of government to act during the recess had been discussed, and it was finally decided to appoint an executive committee of thir- teen. ‘This body was invested with some kind of shadowy authority, but the truth ty Con- gress had small power of its own just at that stage of its existence, and virtually none to confer upon this unique executive which {t attempted to create. The commit- tee made some pretense of holding sessions ull August 19, when {t adjourned, its mem- bers went home, and for two months the country was left without any shadow of a general government. in Trenton, N. J. The abode of Congress in Trenton was of short duration. At the appointed time they assembled in the latter city, holding their sessions In the Presbyterian Church, which had been bulit early in the century. On December 24 they adjourned for the Christ- mas holidays, and met next_in New York city on the lth of January, 1785. In New York City. ‘Their sessions here were*held in the old city hall, which stood at the corner of Broad and Wall streets, and here their meetings continued till the old Continental Congress ceased"to exist, by reason of the formation and adoption of the Constitution of 1787, which took the place of the old ar- Ucles of confederation. The last session of the old body was held in this building on the 2ist of October, 1788, and it was here that George Washington was inaugurated the first President of the country on the 30th of the following April, and here the new Congress assembied, be- ing the first elected under the new Consti- tution, The government thus organized and first put into operation in New York city, consisting of its coequal branches, legislative, executive and judicial, was a far different political structure moribund entity it succeeded. The selection of New York city as the first capital of the country under the new form of the government was the work of the convention which framed the Con- stitution, in Philadelphia, and the choice Was not made without long and accrimont. ous debate. Various cities and towns had | been suggested, and Baltimore wes once actually selected for the honor, but the delegates changed their minds and deci@ed on New York. This selection was only | temporary, and we find that one of the two most’ exciting quéstions which came before the ensuing sessions of this First Congress was that in relation to the choos- ing of a permanent seat for the new power. Selecting a Permanent Seat. On May 15 Mr. White, a Representative from Virginia, on behalf of his state, of- fered the government ten miles Square any- where that might be selected in her terri- tory. Other offers quickly followed from Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland. The relative merits of Philadelphia, Ger- Mantown, Havre de Grace, Baltimore, Wright's Ferry, and the indefinite locality known as Connogocheague were all urged by their respective partisans. ‘The debate grew bitter and the excitement intense. Mr. Madison declared on one oc- casion that if Virginia could have foreseen that day she would never have consented to become a party to the Constitution. Germantown, Pa., came within an ace of being selected. Both Houses agreed on the bill locating it there, and it was only a slight amendment that reopened the dis- cussion and prevented its final passage. Finally a bill was brought forward fixing the seat of the permanent capital on the Potomac, between the mouths of the ern branch and the Connogocheague. This bill was passed from the | “Organic Act” of 1871, and the creature of that enactment, the famous “Board of Public Works,” added the magic touch which has transformed Washington from a straggling fourth-rate town to a city of palaces, LADIES’ GOODS. MADAME Gi ton. C ‘0. $10 A STREETS. %...) 23.50 Ww ton, square from F 3 Daily curtains and laces dome up equal to net, bee & Specialty: goods handled with eare, and called for and delivered. Mine. Demougect, Bremer. Tollet Articles af every ork done st “residence: bangs dressed. vars descripi.on. retixed and ‘se. FINE WHITE AND BLACK LAGES DONE UP IN first-class Paste ‘white and eatin dresses laces and In specialty: prices rea songhie. THOUD'S: ‘edccessor ts Mun 13 Tith st. n.w.sl. Th weed Ci SUMMER “CLOTIING. inz or Dyeing’ when poo get back from your vaca- tion. With our unparail- «led facilities our work is the — best—therefore the cheapest in the end. Mail orders receive ANTON FISCH! podtGt Rei "Stag FOR FISCHER, GAUMENTS ALTERED, REDYED AND w ‘every description. ‘Tae Misses CUNNINGHAM, 1308 bun ‘ets teow aud ben ANTON AND CAROLINE LERCH, 926 1 rT. avd 1296-1208 T et. nw. ARTISTIO. D: CLEANING AND “RESTOIUNG of light, ar, oraamental materials goa, gad articles of wear. OUTING BUETS given cular attention. Our patrotage extends the most fashionable cides =“ SUMMER CLOTHING. SUMMER CLOTHING. Tove ayll ___PIANOS AND ORGANS. PIANOS AND ORGANS TUNED AND REPAIRED: varnished and polished equal to new. Orders fot tuning promptly attended to. A. E. WILD of G. L. Wild's Bros. & Co.. 709 7th st. mw, seld-3u Estey Organs. 250,000 MADE and SOLD. set-| Docker Brose, z ‘ managed between Hamtiion snd eee | WGDber, The two leading questions before Congress were the settlement of the capital and the assumption on the part of the general goy- ernment of the colonial debts incurred in the prosecution of the war. The southern members wanted the capital to be located in their section, but they were opposed to the plan for assumption. The northern members generally favored assumption, and it was finally agreed that the capital should go to the south, and in return enough southern members would vote for the other Ae a Fop to Phiinde} was a sop ladelphia tt vided that the temporary seat etek ment J should be located in the site of the new capital s! lected and the n: , Dullsings eee tea. This law, settling for all time a question which threatened to wreck the government In its very infancy, was Taly, 198 cy, passed on the iéth of To Philadelphia Again. Congress adjourned on the 12th of August, 1790, and the archives of the government were once more removed to Philadelphia, where that body again assembled in De- cember of that year. And here the seat of government continued without further in- terruption until its final removal city Dullded for It'In the wilderness” "e™ It will thus appear that the entire period of Washington's two terms as President was passed in New York and Philadelphia. He never resided a day in the city which bears his name, although his will states that he was the owner at the time of his death of certain lots in the “Federal City,” and it appears that he caused to built the structure known as the Hillman House. His second term expired March 3, 1797, when he was succeeded by John Adams, and the latter's term had expired all but a few months when the government made its last move, from Philadelphia to the new capital on the Potomac. The Removal to Washington. It was not a very happy home coming. The President was not of the happiest tem- per; he was a candidate for re-election, the campaign was on and things were not go- ing his way. The abuse and vilification which characterized one of those early campaigns would bave the hair of a modern stump speaker. The President was defeated, and when the 4th of March came the next spring he left the city in his car- riage at sunrise, without waiting to escort his successor to the Capitol to be inaugu- rated, as is now the custom. His good wife, too, complained of the want of con- veniences in the newly erected White House. and, {t {s said, used the now celebrated Hast Room to launder the Presidential nen. ‘ The 15th of June, 1790, had been designat- ed by the President’ as the date for the removal of the government of- fices to the new abode, and on the 4th of July of that year, Oliver Wol- cott, the Secretary of the Treasury, wrote to his wife in Connecticut that he ‘was at a loss to know where members of Congress were to find lodgings unless ten or twenty of them crowded into one dwelling and lived like scholars in a college or monks in @ monastery. The houses he stated were mean and few; there was no business, no industry, no society. For such as wi to live comfortably the only resource to go to Georgetown, three miles away. And the road to Georgetown, he added, was as bad in winter as the clay grounds near Hartford. The entire archives of the government were removed from Philadelphia to Wash- ington in a single sloop, and it is probable | that the same vessel brought along most of | the minor officers and the clerks of the | clvil service. An Exciting Session. The first session of the Congress assem- bled in the new Capitol on the 17th of No- vember, 1800, it being the second session of the Sixth Congress under the new Constitu- tion, Many notable names were in that body. William Henry Harrison, who after- ward became President, was the Repre- sentative from the newly erected territory, northwest of the Ohio; John Marshall, aft erward the great chief justice, and the cele- brated John Randolph of Roanoke were members of the Virginia delegation. Henry Lee, another of the Virginia delegation, had delivered the eulogy on the death of Washington the pzeceding winter, when he first gave utterance to the famous sen- tence: “First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” An unusual duty came before this ses. sion of the House; one which had never oc. curred before, and has never been repeated but once since; that was the election of a President of the United States. In those days each party voted for two men for President, and it was provided that the can- didate receiving the highest number of votes should become President, and the one the next highest number would ice President, In this election the republican party se- cured the greatest number of the electoral votes, but it appeared Thomas Jefferson and ‘Aaron Burr had received an equal number, thus making a tie, and it conse- quently’ devolved on the House of Repre- sentatives to make choice. The House be- gan balloting on the llth of February, 1801, in secret session, and the first vote ‘stood 55 for Jefferson and 49 for Bui Jefferson Elected. No result was reached until Monday, the 16th of February, when on the thirty-sixth ballot Jefferson was declared elected. ‘The federalists had voted for Burr, al- though he was not of their party, solely in the hope to defeat Jefferson. burr became the Vice President, but the part he took in this scheme ended forever his political pros- pects. It will thus be seen that the famous era of “Jeffersonian simplicity” we ushered in with the inauguration of the very first ad- ministration after the removal to the new capital. The stately ceremonies which had marked the twelve years of federalist dom- ination had drawn out the bitterest anim- adversions of the opposition pamphleteers and may have had something to do with bringing about this first political revolution. Jefferson rode horseback, attended by a f friends, to the Capitol ‘to be inaugurated: then rode back to the White House, threw the doors open, and invited every citizen to come and take his hand. % The story of the growth of the Capitol, from its original design to its present mai nificent proportions, and of the growth of the great city which today forms its appro- priate setting, is beyond the scope of this article. ‘Through all the years of the first half of the century the incubus of removal ho ered more or less visibly over city and leg- islative hall alike. The British burnt the half-built structure in 1814, and the debates when Congress returned were long and fierce as to whether the structure should be rebuilt or the government should seek @ new abiding place. It was not till after the fierce heat of fraternal strife had welded the association of states into a nation—in fact as in theory —that the new capital began in apprectable degree to crystallize upon the lines which the genius of L’Enfant had laid down seventy. five years before. Before then Washington had merely been a meeting place for Con- gress, and the place of residence of the federal executive. ible, tangible epitome of republic. the ‘This idea crystallized in the | Dr. cra Now it became the vis- | new-born | Fischer, PIANOS. Pond. See the : ‘The wonderful self-playing instrument. SANDERS & STAYMAM, 934 F ST. LW. 13 N. Charies st., Baltimore. “RRARAUER PIANOS” AT G.H. KUBICS TEx le Est. 1872 1209 °G et. You fost reliable planes and organs. ‘Prices reasous: ble. aul7-3m eell-im SRE A PhO SAABE Praxos PIANOS FOR RENT. SECOND-HAND PIANOS, Inctt some of our own make, but slightly Used. KNABE & CO., 817 Penna. ave. aus WILLIAM C. PRISSELL, orn sT. & W. Factory Piano Tuner and Repairer. Orders Lowest prices, Advice given purchasers free of Ads charge. myi-tt S | (Ej f o Absolutely the most durable PLANO made; ip- orsed by the iusical profession; constructed fer the mast artistic aecigue au ished more ONLIFF, of ‘rare cases. Reval Fears, * 00 427 12a ot. STFINWAY, CHASE, GARLER, BRIGGS Organs ait Wiles & White’ Srrphony tor eas or went. DROOP'S Mute {itore, 20-tr 925 Pa. ‘ave POTOMAC RIVER BOATS. ART Belinea ee ee Steamer Sue leaves every Monday at 4 p.m. and Soo Wedneaday at € pan for Baltinets abd AS 2 ATIONS oronton, FEST CLASs Seto Xs & BRO... Agte.. 327-3m - th street whart. WASHINGTON STEAMBOAT CO. “LIMITED.” From 7th st. “ferry wharf.” Steamer Wakefteld on MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS nt 7 a.m0. for Nomiul creck, Va., and Intermediate landings” Returning TURSDAYS, THURSDAYS and SUNDAYS. (See schedale.) Steamer T. 'V. Arrowsmith on MONDAYS and bo at at each and all lower river 5 ng Kineele TURSDAYS enquitnanaye for yotura endings. arriving at We WED- SESHAY and FRIDAY MORNINGS. Sy SATUR- AYR nt 6:20 p.m. fur Colonial Reach. Colton’s, Leonarttown, St. George's Island, Smith creek, Coan and Yeocomitco: returning leaves Kinsale, ar: tiving at Washifigtos YS about 10 p.m Gee schedule) ©. W. Rr, apit-te ett » NEW PALACE STEAMER HARRY agg Leaves River View wharf. 7th street. day, Tuesday and Thursday at 7 Lanting at ——) far —_ Maddox = —- (ond fneedays and Frida i er accommodations first-class. Pick F. Go. agents Alesse SS jexandias os ee ES. RANDAL anti-te Proprietor and Manger. NORFOLK AND WASHINGTON STEAMBOAT CO. SE_RETWEEN WASHINGTON, D. DATLY UNF ORTEESS MONEOR nad ws NORFOLK, Va. ‘The new apd powerful Tron Palace Steamers. ne Feceived ust receiv REED WASINGTON AND NORFOLK—SOUTH BOUND. | Leave Washington daily st 7 p.m. from foot of mh st roar arin Potro Bionrae at 6:59 am. bert ire at Norfolk #! where ” woanections are made for all pointe south and southwest, Leave Sortott Guilt a 810 pam, Taare Fortress re an 10 pane Monroe at 7:10 p.m. Arrive at’ Washington at 630" ocmo ‘next ay. ‘Tickets on sale at SiS, 619, 1851 and 1421 Pene- eylranin ave.. and O15 I5th st. ow. ‘Ask for tickets via the new line. Telephone 750. TNO. ca! PROFESSIONAL. aplett sy RAILROADS, RICHMOND AND DANVILLE MATLROAD. SAMUEL SPENCER FW. HCIDTROPER AND REUBEN POSTER, RECEIVERS hedu'e in effect Sep'end=r10 180% Alltrains arrive and leave at Penussivauis Passsa- fe; Station. Washinton, D. ©. Ro * for Danville and interme nd sounests for Front Hora stations, Bure daily, except Suntay, en 4 Danvitte fast man. and for prind: ‘and Danville apatem, Bir win “hem, ‘OP tladine Anni Columbus zoent Sunday. for Meant Roval ydha daily for Charlotwesviile and ia WASHINGTON AND SOUTH. UL TMT n Sienpers and Dy ata. Mont-oner and Tew Orieame, rong New. York and: Wes 2 man Sleeper Wehinnton Xo Menste : iS aeinrtm be vie Birmts ingham. Dinin<e car New York to Mont STRAINSON WASHINGTON ANDOMIODIVISTON 20 a m.. 49 pm, dally for Ronnd Hill, an 2B rem ease Sumiay. fe Herndon andin:ecmediate xintiois. Neturnsne eceieg ineton 49) arm. de 39 oe Maint tee ieee 16 53a.m- daily exch Se day trom Haran mee gs 7 # . 5 8 Tickets. Slespins Car reservations xnf teformatt furnished at offices, Sil and 1303 Posesriveete ave. apd at Famenver Station. Pennsylvania’ feat Fond, Wastigevm, De Wil GREEN-Gen. Man, W. A. TURK, Gen. Pane. Srowa, General Aawnit Presenrer Dept est, STATION CONNER OF SIXTH ANB STREETS, PROF st Tu efiect Se-termucr a3 08. 10.15 A.M. COLUMBIAN FXPLES Seentag and Dinine Cor: to Chica: ed Meta? dure to Chocinm=tt and Tn tian yoots. JAM. Past’ LINE. —For Pittsbane, Parlor Oar roma Harciatvares 2.ap Pat PENNSYLYANTA LIMITED. ~Puttmes Drawine and. rinte nom. Mepping oom.” Sleeping. Bin Smakine ani Onmersation Cars Narhiebnwes Oot Tintle: Pagcor Gee to Nateiebare oe ax ont, eae 3.15 °F re OBIS ewer ign eas Peslor Goris PAGO EXPREPS. “pu rrisbure. ‘Rionrine and Bintne Oar fo St Lon's. Gincinnatt, and chicas, MOWESTFRG Er pitas “Putian meen = 74 ine Cars to Chicarn, erviobanc pining ar to rinnen. SarTiapare to Clevelan! - PRI and 8) FM. “SOUTHWESTERN PSS, Pan at and Be ‘Mean Sleen'ne Cor to St. Lo Bier war Gor to 9h. Lot Leonia. 10.45. if. Pactrio Express, But pe Fetal 7 Patiman Sieering fot Slewping Car Harris: , Cananialens, a capper hc ae Sans ee tor, }, Rochester, Buffalo and ‘SMiarora Patls. dat); ReaD askiane aie ee. wae a 40 P.M. for Erie, Can not Aaily. fo- Boal and Niaware Palle daily, Retartay, with Bleeping Poa Td TORPHILA DELPHTA. SPW YOR! 4.00 P.M. “CONGRESSIONAL LIMITED all Be Ke haa aly fe atatare aimee 7.05, Dinine Car, Ro Coeahes). ips Can), sod ‘oon we fo} B15. 4 90. 10.00, iu = and 11 35 Aetise coeion. Without chanse, 7.50 a.m. week days and RlSp. m. Aafls For Baltimore. 425. 7.05. 7.00, 7.50, 9.00, at B's? Tima” i SR 5 40, yaaa, ty. ‘sinv For Annapolis, 7.26, 9.90004 1» anf 4.23 Ta, ighy except Sewday. “hundsre Oca For Richmond an’ the 4.59 anf 10.57 ». ‘R.4gnm daily. Por Richsiondoniy, #10 pee, Aeconrmodation Seon week hae 7S om. Melly ok 2: iin. 4 AS. TAK RAN. MgS, Jn gs 510-45 am, LOO, 248 GS BOS fer Femhinaton. €.0% strne For Chicago and Northwest, Vestibnie! m= faye aS ame AL Aa) Mme SS «ear open for nasomeere, : For Cincinnati. St.Louis, and Tnfiananatie, Ned Limited. 3.30pm. express 17 35, ‘or Pittebare and’ Cleveland, express aaiy 1L35 amends 405.0 “or Laxineton | Stennton, *10.498.m or Winchester an’ wav stations. ¢: _ FRR Na ee Man i oerupiia, LUO pom. dally, cam thronsh to Nemphie Foor Baltimore we Aton .0n, 25.40, 4.28, z ' on. 4.1, xh ser 38.20, ER AG, RT BA, 30, 37.39, 3 12.15 ant 425 rm For m., $115, 13d Pm. ir averstown, #10. 49 5.39 For Ravi and'way noone: ane ees ~s ROTAL BLUE EINE Poe AND Te Fetatectn, SET TE menen ent ogee Aaiiy. ROO TINON, Digine Ose) Leth 0°, Dining Car) &.0, (11.30 ‘Car, “Feats Parley Care om all av train For Boston, *?.49 p.m.. with Pullman Raat Teen ine Cer rannine thron -h to — is Ponghkeepele bridge, landing passengers in B. Ir starton at Paton, or Sunday only. manos teatne, Beevace calle’ Yor avd checkad from hotels am | recttenore Oy. Cniom Pranster Cx on srdess raft ak Ticket offices, A19 and 1351 Pa ave. ania! tenor. 3. T, ODELL, CHAS 0 Gen Mansker. — [e10} ‘Gon. Pass. Agt CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAY SCHEDULE IN RFFECT AUGUST 21 187%. OarTatns race dally from Union Station (B. aa: | Othand Bests. Throwch the erandest scenery in Amae~toa. | nandoorneet ante complete Bala Treie | West from Washinet. 2:00 p.m. Anite gial”—SoItd veatiba huehted train,” Prati ‘tom inna | Digi ‘car from "Ww the - am. Intisnapolis 11 -45e-m.. °.ra 1:10 n,m, daily—The famons -“P. P< asottt veattbnte train, with Aaing Pattma 2 cgcincinnatl. Lexincion ant Jeraiseil «, wp. arrivigie at Cinsiumet m.- ton 6:15 p.m . Lontevilie 9:50 p.m™.. Ty apolis 11:10 nm. Chivae> @55 a.m. Rt. oa connecting in Caton Aenct for ai points. jn} Pullman =leener Mondave, Wednes tars at Fridevsthr ouch t Hot Sprinca, Va. chance; MMF. RAPHAEL, CLAIRVOYANT ASTR: born with caul; gives names and. Ini 73 felis how to retain husband of lover; advice on love, business or health: for a short time: talis- man to sil consulting Ber. 415'E ‘sw. Kom 8. | se4-3w* PLAIN, MEDICATED AND SEA SALT BATH: ‘Also Selontifie maswaes PROF. CLAY IS THE OLDEST ESTABLISHED Advertising clairvoyant, astrologer and. medium in the city. Born with wonderful prophetic = ‘of second sight, tells all the events of your life from cradle to’ grave, reveals hidden mysteries, recovers lost property’ of stolen goods, pointe but your enemies from your friends, brings separated together, causes speedy marriages, with, B&ppy results, tells whether the one you love ts true or false, Interprets dreams, gives success tn bus- iness, removes family troubles, evil infucnces. ‘Strangers from other cities aud all in trouble will save time and money by coming to right place at once, as he succecds where others bave failed. Convinces most skeptical. Aavertises only, what he can do. All business confidential. Sit- tings. Sc. Hours, 9 to 9. Resi. dence, 489 H, bet. 4% and 6th sw. wel3-6r* MME. PERRIN, THE TRUEST DESTINY READER of the age: promotes success in love, marriage and business pffairs. Fee, 60c., $1. 1305 § st. het. 13th and ‘14th aw. 23.) Ime THE GREATEST four = ca ody maurriages: Gretect barb doctors of Chl from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. Price, ROR ae ‘MME. BROOKE TELLS ALL THE EVENTS Hite. All business confidential. La@ies and gen- tlemen, 50c. each. Hours, 9 a.m. to 9 pm. N pear 6th et. mya0-ame DENTISTRY. WE WOULD TAKE PLEASURE IN PROVING TO. you that our low prices do ‘not mean a low Guauty of “tentistry. U.S DENTAL ASSN 401 Tth st. nw. See page 11 for particulars. eed 207 TTH ST. N.W.. EXPERTENG. ed and expert specialist i operative and sur gical dentistry. Pilling and extracting positively tncompetent without pain. No inexperienced and boy assistants or newly fledged graduates in Erdsted. to practice un patienta, Lar Hoon ‘performed. personally by Graham Ee tracting, » 25c,, Bxtracting With’ gus or” local Soacstictic, 0c, Cleanl Filing with ina, silver 01 te, Very best fall eth, ST. weG-Dwe OCEAN TRAVEL. a w. Telephone 1684, Steamship, Passenger and Tourist Agemt, ‘Tickets to Europe by all lines, Drafts in sums to suit, Foreign Express. (ud) Custom House Broker, ATLANTIC CITY, NI. _ Tomiort and conv. Ser’ Sik God. emoeey : fort and cosy. for Rome at redaced rates, ‘ices and solarium. GW. Tae ‘Bith fireplaces, will be Kept open the ee se n 2 ‘trom harp, a, desel eprcial ratee, from Beptemaher ed tes: unexcelied: bass fishing tn the Tiver wear by: commutation tickets Sal O.; tear, day centen vie B. cad C toy Ma Norfolk and “Western. Por particulars ¢iroulars write to WM. G. ST: MS tor, Charlestown, W. Va. WRITE OOTTAGR. BARPER'S FERRY, W. VA. Best, view on. the Shomndoah etter. a ferme Abst We REL oe ATTORNEY! ‘GMPBEL CARiINGTON, Law Building’ Sas Dt. vebets yw Buliding, uw. bg kg te a STEAM CARPET CLEANING. —— = = 5 STEAM