Evening Star Newspaper, April 8, 1893, Page 11

— .. ” * ’ THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, APRIL 8. 1898—SIXTEEN PAGES. THE GREAT “JIM HILL” Gossip About the Railroad Wizard | of the Northwest. | ee A CAREER OF ROMANCE. How a Penniless Be > Achi.ved a Fortune of 000,000—Sem tag About the Last Iread Line Across the Continent—The Minneapolis Cur: -d Bridge. a oe ‘Special Correspondence of The Evenm - Star. Sr. Pay, April 5, 1893. E . YOU MAY Hill now, pat the time will soon come when you and every railroad manager of the United States will have to take your hats off to Jim Hill. He is the greatest railroad man in the country today, and you'll have to acknowiedge it!” The speaker was S. S. Merrill. the manager of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railway. It was at a meeting of the great railroad men of | the country, which took place a few years ago. James J. Hill of St. Paul, then representing a comparatively small Ime of road, had made a speech in a halting.modest way. After speaking he had lett the meeting und some of the eastern railroad men had laughed at his manner and bis ideas and thie had angered his old friend, | Mr. Merrill, and the above prophecy was made. it bas already come true. The railroad men of i tes have long since begun to take | Jim Hill and he has since that | meeting accomplished more as a railroad builder than any man in the world. He is, in fact, the modern Aladdin of the great northwest, though he is as yet practically unknown to the rest of the United States. You cannot buy his photo- | graph in the book stores. You will not find his | WHERE'S THE CONDUCTOR OF THIS TRAIN? biography in any of the fat books on million- aires and little has ever been said about him in the newspapers. Still be began his lite here without a dollar and he is now worth more than 225,000,000. He started here as a clerk on the levees along back near the sixties and he is now the owner and builder | of the Great Northern railway system, which has just been completed, and which with its more than $.600 miles of iron tracks has given us another great trunk line across the continent. I have spent some time here study- ing bim and his personaltty, through chats with bis moat intimate friends. and he is one of the | soost remarkable men in the world. Hii trank Line across te coatinent has been practi- | ally bailt wis pust six years and the | United States hurdiy knows of its existence. | Stillhe bas ba! au army of something like | 5 ong, day after day, | | cet such that it is | ery foot of it has | ‘allied here the Penn- the weet, and it is so i ing it. I have heard stories of how he drove = dog sledge in carrying freight from one part of this country to the other, and during my visit to his house here I saw a’ great silver piate as big around asa center table which Mr. Geo A. Brackett and other citizens of Minneapolis gave him as a testimonial of their gratitude for what he had done for their town. This plate was made by ‘Tiffany and cost more than $10,000, and ‘the engravings upon it represent the different scenes of Mr. Hill's life work in the improvement of transportation, beginning with his dog sledges and ending with his great railway. THE GREAT NORTHERN SYSTEM. The Great Northern system was begun by the buying of the old St. Paul and Pscific road by Mr. Hill, This had been built and was owned by Dutch bondholders, and Mr. Hill raised the money and bought it for a song. It repre. sented only a few miles of track, and it had been rather expensively built, Tt was not well enough made, however, to suit Hill, andhe tore up the track and reduced the grades until he made it so that one locomotive would do the work of three in going over it. He gradually extended bis lines into the great Red River valley. He saw that this was to be the bread basket of the United States and he has gridironed it with railroad=. Then he built, in connection with the Bi nt and others, the Cana- And he was, I am told, al man to superintend the construc- tion of this road from Winnipeg to the west. He had a connection with 1t from Winnipeg for his roads in Minnesota and Dakota, but when the Canadian government decided to extend | their line on toward the east he at once saw that this would cut off his revenue from the west and he planned the great trunk line which was this month completed. He went over the whole Iine on foot and on horseback, and he knows, I am told, every foot of track and’ the character of nearly every section of land along his nearly three thousand miles of main track. He has made a thorough study of what is under the soil as well as what is in it, and a famous Cron gist who recently went over the road said that Mr. Hillknew as much as he did about the geological nature of the country. It was the same with La Doux, the chemist of national note, and Mr. Brackett tells me that Mr. Hill can deseribe to you the details of the construc- tion of every side track and every water tank along this big line from the headwaters of the Mississippi to the Pacific. HOW HILL BUYS STEAM ENGINES. There is probably nothing connected with railroad building that Mr. Hill does not know. He has « mind which grasps a subject in all ite details, and he has made such a study of rail- roads and railroad management that he can tell today just how long exch part of one of his engines will last and to a pound justthe amount of work it will do. A record is kept in the offices of the Great Northern of the life and fork of each par: of every piece of machinery Connected with the road. and though Hill coal probably not build an engine himself I venture he could direct the construction of one. Not lorfg ago he was in New Yorkand during his stay there he contracted for fifty-seven en- gines for his road. These engines cost about 25,000 apiece, and the contract represented considerable money. In awarding he asked for bids from the different car works, and five great companies submitted bids and_ specifica- tions. Their agents brought in these bids. They were sealed, of coarse, and Mr. Hill opened them in the presence of the agents and looked them over. After s few moments his brows began to knit, and at the end of half an hour he said: “Gentlemen, there is some- thing wrong bout these bide You have combined together in the making of them, aud this is a put-up job. Now, I want to tell you you can't do work for me in that way, and you can take your bids and yourselves out ot the room.” And with that he threw their papers to them and showed them the door. He then had his own engineers draw up specitications of just the kind of loco- motives he wanted, and he went to the com- panies and told them if they wanted to bid honestly on them they could do so, but he would have nothing more to do with their agents, and they must have honest bids or he | would send the work elsewhere. At this same time, a friend of his tells me, Mr. Hill went to Tiffany's to buy some jewels for his wife. He looked at @ very expensi of workmanship and liked it and asked One of the Tiffanys who was waiting upon him asked him what he thought the cost would be, and Mr. Hill began to calculate. He told the value and weight of each stone. estimated the cost of the workmanship and figared it out within a few dollars of the actual price. Tiffany EAPOLIS. built that 1t can be run more cheaply and bet- ter than the other roads of the country. Built as it was by one man, who had sole control of its capital, it bas cost only $25,000 a mile. while | ‘average cost of the roads in the United Seats, taking their bonded indebtedness oul and not the stock, is €45,000. The Unic Pacific has, I am told, cost something like Northern Pacific over new thirt, a y-one ti road has been bailt so that a single engine can carry 1,500 tons over its heaviest grade. When it is remembered that on some of the other roads 250 tons is the maximum for heavy grade it will be seen what » wonderful differerce this will make in operating expens Mr. Hil believes that freight rates by rail will be eventually cheape: than by water. and he expects to see the day when by the means of Srell-const-ucted roads and the best of modern ‘agines a ton of freight can be ca: ‘across ‘Ee coutineat cheaper than it could be sent the same distance by sea. ‘THE JAY GOULD OF TE NoaTaWEsT. In this letter I have not space to write of the Great Northern road or the wonderful region it traverses. I may speak of it hereafter, Ican ou something of the personality of Wr Ee iho bailt tt. Temes J. Hill bas been called the Jay Gould of the northwest. His friends epurn this insinuation. They say ho is a builder up of countries rather than a wrecker of railroads. He has never been a speculator, ‘ad he has made his great fortane by studying the needs of the times, laying out a good foundation for bis plans and steadily and solidly carrying them out to completion, He is a Canadian ib, and he came here @ poor boy along about 1856, and I have been told that he bad to borrow the money to buy his railroad ticket to St Paul He first clerked on the levee, but early saw that the iy | glance, and he knows the | sayshe is one of the best judges of precious stones in the Umted States. A FARMER AND AN ART CONNOISSEUR. It is the same with his farming. He knows all about stock and stock raising and he bas some of the finest stock in the United States on bis farra near here. This farm contains about 4,000 acres. It bas more than 400 head of fine | animals on it. He can, Iam told, tell you pedigree of any one you may pick outats record each cow. It is the sane with half dozen other branches | of knowledge, snd you cannot strike a subject | on which he is not posted. He is a man of wide scientific reading and he is one of the best judges of pictures and fine arte in the United ates. Ho can go into a xallery ean tell you the names of the artists of ony famous pictures that may be | Upon the walls. and his house here is just filled with paintings by the great masters, “He hae # large art gallery connected with his house, which is lighted from the roof and which con- tains more fine modern paintings than you will see in the Corcoron Art Gallery in Ws He hus four peintings by Millet, tbe famous French painter; « number by Troyon, and others by Diaz, Munkacksy. Delacroix and others, Some of bis pain: cost 950,000 Aoiece and among others ho fase beawaful portrait of one of his children by Bourgerses. doubt whether there is another private house iu the country which has so many fine I visited it today and I will write of next letter. HILL'S KNOWLEDGE OF Is BOSD. Hill's knowledge of his road is, I am told, wonderful. He knows personally nearly every maay employed upon it and he is liable to be found at any point along the line af any mo- ment. Ie bas a thorough civil service organi- zation as to his empioyes, and entirely by merit, an orders is in my maid boss Ms Ha “in Mr. Hill's he asked me if fe were sitting one day,” house in St Paul, when I didn’s want to I replied wi andI Ge steppet at a point in the pple 8 hoki gen pte peor i road and rode 40 miles by stage with relays of horses. We then slept and rode 40 miles further and at a tavern, Mr. Hill tramped around all that day over the country and came back in theeveningand hadsupper. Aftersupper he said, ‘I think we could — the cur we took the horses tonight, and we had them har- essed up and cut across to the track. It was Hing i cdo deck night, and we came to the ata station above the one which we had ‘pected to strike. Just as we got there a freight train from Butte City was pulled in with flames bursting out of its side. As it pulled up ‘st the station Mr. Hill saw it and his voice rang out in the darkness: ‘Where's the conductor of this train?” ».’ was the reply in a gruff voice. ‘What rate are you running?’ “about eighteen miles an hour,’ said the man, rather resenting the question. “You are not telling the truth,’ replied Mr. Hill. ‘You have been running. over thirty miles an hour, and your orders are not to run more than twelve. “You are discharged this in- stant, and I will have another conductor to ’ When that conductor left ty Mr. Hill was sitting in his office in St. Paul, and it must have scared the man most to death to find him away out here in the ‘heart of Montana.” DISCHARGED BY THE LIGHT OF THE MOON. Another instance of Mr. Hill's prompt dis- charge of an inefficient employe was ats famous trestle bridge on the line. A man was kept to trol this bridge after every passing train. He Les expected fetus a bucket of water in his hand, and he was there to put out any sparks that might fall from the engine. One night » freight train had just gone over, and as it left the bridge Mr. Hill's special car shot out through the darkness and came over it. During his rides over his road he spends a good deal of time outside the car and he was standing on the platform as he came to the bridge. The moon at this point shone through a cloud and he saw the man who was expected to take care of the sparks throw his bucket over his shoulder and as he did so his eye noted the fact that there was a hole in it. He stopped his car and dis- charged the man from work. He insists always upon discipline and no man can work for him who will not obey orders. A DINAMO IN CLOTHES, As for himself, he is the hardest worker on the road. He is a dynamo in clothes. His head works all the time. He iss man of wonderful activity and of great power of endurance. He has goue over the greater part of his road on foot, and all the new lines he has traversed on foot or on horseback before they were putdown. When out camping he often sleeps in the open air. And he can sleep anywhere at any time. He often reads himself to sleep and he nas thor- ough control over his mind, and can, I am told, dismiss his work when ‘he wants to. He has @ wonderful memory and instances of this are often seen at the Great Northern offices here. His accounts, you know, run uj into millions and he seems to remember eacl one of the thousand items from year to year. The other day a statement was brought into him. It represented thousands of dollars. He looked over it and at one place he saw a charge of $600 for the completion of a water tank. He looked up at once and said: “How about this item? This was not in last year and we have never had it here before.” He was told that it had not been quite finished and the charge was not made. He did not like it at all and gave the man a severe reproof for not keeping the accounts in detail. HE WANTED THE LITTER. One of Jim Hill’s hobbies in the develop- ment of his railroad system ‘is in the} improve- ‘ment of the stock and the farming along his ; lines of road. He has for years been distribut- ing fine stock, sheep, cattle and hogs to the different sections for breeding purposes, stipu- lating thatthe animal shail be for the use HE WANTED THE WHOLE LITTER. of the communities. He has usually sold them at a moderate figure to one of the leading farmers in each place with this provision, and has rarely charged more than the cost of the freight from St. Paul. Among other things that he distributed in ‘this way were some very fine hogs, the off- svring of some that he imported from the old country himself, and which cost him several hundred dollars apiece. He sold them for about #5 apiece to these fi ers and sent them out all along the|line. One day not long ‘ago he came down to his office in St. Paul to find an old farmer waiting for him. He asked him what he could do for him and the farmer said: “Mr. Hill, I have come down to do busine: with you. You sent me a boar some mont agoand I took it of you at @5. Well, I like it to well that Ihave come in to tell you that I want to buy the whole littler if you will let me have them at same price.” Mr. Hill then sat down,and explained to the man. the philos- ophy of Breeding. He told him what the hogs had actually cost him, and when the old fellow went out of the office his eyes were, I am told, as big as your fist. Mr. Hiil is acting on tlis same way as to all matters connected with the Iands along the Northern Pacific. His principle is that the Prosperity of his road must depend on the Prosperity of the small farmers living along it, and he sars be hopes to make it so that their products can be shipped to the east and can compete with any in the United States. HILL'S STEAMSHIP LINE. > Already the Great Northern is reaching out to the east as to freight rates. Its vice fresi- dont tells me that it has six big steamers on the great lakes which carry its freight from Duluth to Buffalo and Cleveland in less than four ‘These boats will each carry between two and three thonsand tons and two passen- ger steamers are being built which will be faster ‘than the steamers which cross the Atlantic, and by which you may go from Baffalo to Duluth in Afty-two hours. This is almost incredible, but the ships will, I am told, be faster than our Rew iron eruisers and they’ will probably, be ready for the summer travel In these as in every other part of the road no expense is to get the very best, and as an instance of the way therosd has been built that part of it which runs through the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis has cost more than $2,000.000. In no place does it cross a street or grade and it always runs above it or under it. Leaving Minneapolis the road crosses the river ona bridge which is the wonder of the civil engin- eors the world over. It is the only bridge of stone arches which has ever been built upon a ourve and the engineers said it was an im} bility to construct it. Mr. Hill laid out the plans and it works as well as any straight bridge in the country. 31M HILL'S MODESTY. One of the most prominent traits of Mr. Hill is his modesty and his retiring disposition. He does not like to be talked about in the news- papers and he hes never given out a pictare of welf for publication. Ihave not met him. From the LONG IN SERVICE. State Department Employes Not Af- fected by Changes. CONSULS WHO HOLD OVER. Three Other Employes Whose Appointments Antedated Dr. St. Clair's—Appointees of Mr. Cleveland's First Administration Still Borne on the Department Register. —_——__. Wee: THE AN- nouncement was made recently that Secretary Gresham had asked the resignation of Dr. F. 0. St, Clair, the chief of ‘the consular buresa in the State Department, it created even more excitement than the elevation of a republi- can office holder in the Post Office Depart- ment recently to be chief of a division. There is no department of the government so conservative as tho State Department—none in which appointments are more difficult to obtain or where promotion and unlimited tenure of office aré con- sidered more certain. ‘The positions in the State Department are generally considered life gfices, wabject to removal misconduct, There are old employes in each of the other departments of the government, men who have stood the shock of more than one change of administration undisturbed; but there is no department which has so large a propor- tion of employes who have seen long service. Usualiy if an employe of the department leaves Washington it is to enter the consular service at some pleasant post, where he can spend tho remainder of his days agreeably. Even the assistant secretaries do not all change ith a change of administration, Second As- sistant Secretary Adee was raised from the position of third assistant secretary under the first Cleveland administration and kept in lace by Secretary Blaine and Secretary Foster, ¢ is not at all likely that he will be disturbe by this administration. Secretary Adee has earned his position in regular course of promo- tion. He went to Madrid as secretary of lega- tion in 1870 and remained there nearly seven years. ‘Then he returned to Washington and entered the department service as a clerk of the fourth class at a salary of $1,800, A year later be was made chief of the diplomatic bureau, and four years after that he was commissioned third assistant secretary. Mr. Adee’s knowl. edge of diplomatic affairs, together with Geutier was appointed consul st Hait in 1870. He draws a salary of $: ooo Ed itien ward at Colonis, Uruguay, since 1869. to be paid by fees; but there fees last year. Mr. Manton keeps office because it gives him social Thode. lalend. ile as vice consul—a fact that may bring down the heavy hand of that anti-nepotist, Grover Cleveland, upon him. NOT DISTURBED. President Cleveland permitted about fifty rood republicans to remain in consular posi~ tions during his first term. President Harri: son allowed @ total of 219 appointees of the Cleveland administration to remain in office abroad; but of course the greater proportion of these was in the classes of agents, consular clerks, vice consuls and other minor appoint- ments’which are usually: — by selection from persons living at ew) ea pointment is made. The exceptions to this were the following consuls: Jos. W. Merriam of Massachusetts, Iquique, Chile; A.C. Jones of Connecticut, Chin-Kiang, China; Chas. T. Grelled of California, Algiers, Africa, Jacob K. Doty of New York, Ta- hiti, Society Islands; William D. Wamer of South Carolina, Cologne, Germany; Wm. J. Black of Delaware, Nuremberg, Germany; John Darcy Connoly of California, Auckland, New Zealand; Geo. F. Hollis of Massachusetts, Caj Town, Africa; Arthur B. Wood of New York, Dundee, Scotland; Almar F. Dickson, Gaspé Basin, Quebec; Benjamin Folsom of New York, Sheffield, England; James B. Coffin of Massachusetts, St. Helena: J Hance of New York, Turk’s ward Young of the District of Colu:ubia, Wind- sor, N.8.; Henry A. Johuson of the District of Columbia, Venice, Italy; John Woessner of Tex., Saltillo, Mexico; John Drayton of South i ico; Thomas E. Heenan Henry H. Eh- Cuba; William C. Emmet of New York, Smyrna, Turkey. Charles Denby of indiana, appointed min- ister to China by President Cleveland, wa lowed to remain in office through the Harrison administration because China refused to recoive the successor appointed by President Harrison —ex-Senator Blair of New Hampshire. In addition to the consular representatives there are thirteen consular clerks, who a p= posed to have a life tenure of office and who Feceive $1,000 and $1,200, according to service. They travel about a great di make reports on the condition of consul The oldest in service of these are Joseph A. Springer of Maine and Charles F. Thirion of the District of Columbia, one of whom is at Habana and the other at Paris, who were ap- is ability, makes him almost indispensable to the department. ‘Dr. St. Clair's position was gained by long service and steady promotion. He was appointed a temporary clerk in November, 1865, and promoted through the different classes of clerkships until in 1881 he was made chief of the consular bureau. APPOINTED REFORE DR. ST. CLATR WAS. ‘There are three employes of the State De- partment whose term of service exceeds Dr. 8t. Clair's record. The oldest employe of the de- partment is Geo, Bartle, who was appointed a clerk December 1, 1852. He was promoted to class 2 in 1856, to ‘class 3 in 1861, to class 4 July 1, 1866. There Mr. Bartle has stuck for nearly twenty-seven years. Edward Haywood entered the department service as a temporary clerk November 1, 1861, but he has not served continuously. He was at one time chief of the bureau of accounts at a salary of $2,100, but he left the department service | for a year and when he returned he took a fourth class clerkship at $1,800, ‘He has held that position aince 1374. John H. Haswell entered the department service asa temporary clerk in January, 1965. He was pro- moted to the different grades until in August, 1873, he was made chief of the bureau of in- dexes and archives at a salary of @2,100. This position he now holds. Henry L. Thomas, the department transla- tor, who draws $2,100 annualiy, entered the de- partment ass clerk in 1569; Thomas Morrison, ‘an $1,800 clerk, was first appointed to a clerk- ship in 1867; James R. O'Bryov and Alexander H. Clements, both $1,400 clerks, entered the —— in November, 1868, and March, 1866, respectively; Henry Jarvis, a laboror, has held ‘his position’ since October 1, 1866. ‘then there is the cblef mossenger of the department, who has been the chief messenger for twenty- two vears, and there are many other officers ‘and ‘employes whose term of service runs up to almost twenty years. No wonder that there ‘was great excitement in the department when the news of thodemand for Dr. Bt. Clair's res- ignation was circulated. IN THE SERVICE ABROAD. While the service of the State Departmen abroad is considered good and legitimate prey for the office seekers, there are ten persons in the employ of the department abroad who entered the service even before Dr. St. Clair. ‘There is the oldest consul, Horatio J. Sprague, who went to Gibraltar May 12, 1848, and who has been there ever since. K. 8. Chilton, the consul at Goderich, Ont., holds his present commission from 1852, but his service with the department, like that ot Mr. Sprague, dates from 1848. "In that year Mr. Chilton entered the service of the State Department at Wash- ington. He remained in the department until 1871, when he entered the consular service, in which he has been ever since. Mr. Sprague and Mr. Chilton draw $1,500 each from the State Department. William L. Giro has been serving as consul at Alicante, Spain, since January 20, 1853. His office is paid by fees and all that he received during the inst fiscal year according to his report to the State Depart- ment was @185. Senor Giro isa Spaniard and he was appointed from 3} ‘The vice consul at Alicante is John L. Giro. He has served since 1878 without compensation. Burton Dinzey, who was appointed from Pennsylvania, is commercial agent at St. Bar- tholomew, W.I., where he has been since Sep- vember 26, 1860. He wasa native of St. Bar- tholomew, but became naturalized in the United States. His fees last year were nothing. ‘They rere quite as much and no more the year be- fore that, and they have been the samo for many years—in fact since Mr. Dinzey was ap- pointed. | Mr. Dinzey is in business at St. Bar- bolomew, and he holds his place for the social has held his position for just thirty years, re- ceives s more substantial reward. His fees last year were $2,288. According to the rule of the department, the consul at Houen, in wi district Calais is situated, it the greater part of this $2,288. ts of department are not allowed to retain more than 81,000 of fees. Usually they divide the fees with the consul to whom they report up to $2,000. All over that they have to turn over to the consul. ‘The proportion of the feos that they will get up to the department limit of $1,000 1s a matter of arrangement between the agent and consul. SALARIES AND FEES. The compensation of consuls who are paid by fees is limited to $2,500. If the fees exceed that sum the consuls can pay clerk hire out of the balance if authorized to do so. The consul can- not retain more than §1,000 in the aggregate from the agencies under his consulate. As the highest salary paid toa consul is 5,000, the amount paid at London and Paris and and Rio de Janeiro and Liverpool and Hong Kong and Calcutta and Cairo, with the single exception of the consulate at Havana, which Pays $6,000, these places would not be so very desirable if the strict department in the matter fees wore strictly enforced. But, though the consul general at London is supposed to receive nothing but his salary. as a matter of fact he re- him which I saw in his house he looks, I § much like the late nt ndid companion, a good s singer and thoroughly on alinogt every subject under ceives at least $25,000 more through an arrange- ment with vice consal Sop yen aad who receives his appointment on the agreemen: that he will make » division of his fees with his chief. These fees are classed as unofficial, and ‘no report of them is made to the State Depart ment. They are chiefly noturial fees on ine Signs. Mackintostes aud golosbess ‘Trees \ttin’ out new ~ i Garden and whitewash ms tetera pein His last showed that he had received Gens at binagtocy during the year. A. J. McDonald, the agent dep tat own, Prince Bward February 12, HF fide az i H é f tlie; yet fi pointed January 8, 1870, Groncr Graxraax Bars. ———_ses —s BRITISH LONGSHOREMEN STRIKE. They Fight Non-Union Men and Try to Capture a Steamer. A strike that threatens to have serious con- sequences has been started at Hull, the well- known shipping portin Yorkshire, England. For some time pa+t some of the shipping com- panies have been employing non-union laborers in loading and discharging their vessels. This caused great discontent among the mob of the Dock Laborers’ Union, and a few days ago the unionists went on strike. Quite a large number of non-union men went to Hull to take the places of strikers and work abont the docks was proceeding satisfactorily until yesterday, when the strikers assumed an offensive attitude, and by threats and other means of intimidation succeeded in completely blocking work on every vessel in the port with one exception. ‘This exception was the steamer Montebello, upon which a large number of non-unionista were employed for some time past. A crowd comprising several thousand hovting and yell- ing strikers and their sympathizers proceeded to the dock at which the Montebello was Iving and made a determined attack upon the objec- tionable laborers. @ non-urtionists were not easily frightened, however, and though they were largely out= numbered they succeeded for a time n holding the dock against their assailants. The latter, however, were determined to compel them to cease work, and in this they finally succeeded. ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE THE VESSEL. The strikers then made an attempt to cap- ture tie steamer. In the meantime the police, who do not seem to have grasped the eerious- ness of the situation, zppeared on the scene. ‘The mob, inflamed by their previous victories, paid little attention to the orders of the police to disperse, and when the officers attempted to enforee their orders the strikers turned upon and attacked them. A severe conflict followed, which resulted in the mob being driven back and off the dock. In the struggle several men were more or less seriously injured. ‘The strikers then turned their attention to the office of the Shipping Federation, which is association of ship owners. Armed with stones and bludgeons they made an attack upon the building in which the offices are located. The police were this time promptly on the scene and another conflict ensued when they at- tempted to disperse the mob. THE RIOT BROKEN UP, The officers were by this time aware of the fact that a considerable riot was in progress and they laid about them right and left with little mercy. The strikers were cowed by the determined attitude of the police, and though they resisted it was only in» half-hearted way. Finally the officers succeeded in breaking up the riotous crowd and @ semblance of order was restored. ‘The streets along the water front are filled with strikers discuesing the situation, and many threats arc made that under no circum- stances will they allow non-union men to be employed in handling ships’ cargoes, ft is thought that further trouble will occur, and the authorities have taken particular pre- cautions to suppress any disorders that the strikers may attempt. It is said that the town oftionrs have asked nat soldiers be sont to assist jem in preserving the peace. ‘The outlook is serious, and it is to be hoped that te strikers will not’ be foolish enough to further defy the authorities. Lato last evening the Dock Laborers’ Union of Hall iar a an eppeal fo similar unions in ndon, iverpool an Hasgow, requesti: them to unite with the Hull union ina fight against the Shipping Federation, STEAMERS TIED UP. No steamers were able to get away yesterday, ‘except those which had their cargoes aboard before the trouble occurred, and the entire shipping trade isat a standstill. Among the companies affected by the strike is the Wilson line, some of the vessels of which are in the American trade, Mr. Charie: ‘Wilson, one of the owners of the line, has incurred the special enmity of the strikers by his attitude toward the union, and many threats are made against him. Mr. Wilson represents West Hull in the house of commons, aud the police will see to it that the threats are not put into exe- cution. Considerable excitement prevails everywhere in the land, and the outcome of the struggle is anxiously awaited. The Hull strikers were last evening making an effort to compromise their differences with their emplosers, but their conciliatory pro- posals have been rejected. WIDOWS OF GENERALS, Women Who Bear the Names of Fa- mous Soldiers. MRS. GRANT TO LEVE HERE. ‘The Home Life of Some Distinguished Women—Mrs. Garfield, Mrs. Sheridan, Mrs. Logan, Mrs. Hancock, Mrs. Fremont and Others—Their Children and Their Environ- ments, uly, and im this connec- tion the names of other widows of our great American generals are recalled. In many in- stances the wives of our military heroes died before their busbands, as, for instance, Mrs. Sherman, Mrs. Burnside, Mrs, Hooker, Mrs. Meade and others. Several of them outlived their busbands, and are passing the declining Fears of their lives in the serene enjoyment of the well-deserved love of friends and respect of their countrymen and countrrwomen. The list is sndly short, but it is interesting, and it cannot fail to be of concern to all Americans. The past lives of these ladies, the conditions that now surround them and the employments that engage their attention constitute a pleasant chapter in our social history. Naturally, the widow of Gen. Grant attracts first atter The position of her husband made her a figure of first prominence in our republican court, and since his death public interest has attached to ber no less strongly. For several years after Gen. Grant's death Mrs. Grant continued to live in New York city, in the house that was owned by the general,and that was saved by devoted friends from the financial wreck that overtook the family in the Grant & Ward failure, There Mrs. Grant lived in the center of society, and yet not in it. 1° never had much inclination for the formalities of fashionable social life, and sbe felt less than ever inclined that way after the death of ber husband. But her house was always open to the friends of her happier days, and Gen.Grant’s | old military associates, as weli as the public men who were leaders with him during bis civil career, were always welcome there, and for the old soldiers Mrs. Grant always had a deep and abiding regard. For the serious occupation of her life Mrs. Grant bas been busy with the preparation of her reminiscknses of her great husband's life and career, dealing, it is under- stood, moro with the private and domestic side of Gen. Grant than any biography that hug yet been published. But this work is not likely to see the light of day until its author has passed away. ‘MRS. GRANT'S PRESENT PLANS. Very recently Mrs, Grant sold her New York house and will probably not return to that city tolive. During the winter just passed she has been residing in southern California with her son Jesse, who is established in business there. It is among the possibilities that she may go abroad for» visit to her daughter, Mrs. Nellie Sartoris, who has just lost her husband after an unbappy marriage,and who is leading a very quiet domestic life in London, devoted to the caro of her children. But wliether she goes abroad or not it is Mrs. Grant's present inten- tion to move to Washington and make this city her home for the rest of her life. Her sum- mers she has of late years generally passed at Cranston’s on the Hudson, and she is likely to continue that custom in the fature. Mrs. Grant has had life full of romance, paralleled by that of few American women. As Miss Julia Dent, daughter of Frederick Dent, granddaughter ‘of Capt. George Dent, who led the forlorn, hope at Fort Montgomery when that fortress was stormed by “Mad Anthony” Wayne, and a descendent of Joshua Wrenshall, one of the early English settlers in this country, she has reason to be proud of her family. At the age of eighteen she returned from boarding school to her father’s home in St. Louis, where she was soon after engaged to Lieut. Grant, then of the fourth infantry. They were married in 1845. From this humble be- ginning Mrs. Grant lived to become the first lady of the land and to have honors and riches showered upon her. She was, in the best sense, the companion as well as the wife of Gen. Grant. All during the war she was near to him when- ever the exigencies of service would permit her to share his privations. Her life in the White House was altogether enjoyable. and she ac- companied Gen. Grant on bis famous journey around the world: as she said of herself, “having learned a lesson from my predecessor Penelope, accompanied my Ulysses in his wanderings around the world.” Mrs. Grant is a wealthy woman. Patriotic friends of the general gave the family many presents of value besides the New York house. She has a pension of €5,000a year from the government, and the proceeds from the sale of her husband's memoirs have been nearly « half @ million dollars. Another widow of a President who was a gen- eral still survives in the person of Mrs. Gar- field, although in this instance the fame of her husband was more in the field of statesmanship than from his military career. Mrs. Garfield was the daughter of a plain Ohio farmer, and wae married soon after sho left the college where she and her husband had been educated together. A grateful and sympathetic people addressed themselves to the duty of caring for the family of our second martyred lent soon after Garfield was laid in the tomb, and a fund smounting to $360,000 was raised.” ‘The income from this supports Mrs. Garfield handsomely, and she lives in dignified retirement in her Ohio home, an example of the best typo of American womanhood. ‘MRS. M'CLELLAN IN SOCIETY. When Gen. George B. McClellan died, in 1885, he left a widow, ason and s daughter. His wife was Miss Maroy, daughter of Gen. R. B. Marcy. To great charms of manner and per- son Mrs. McClellan united rare qualities of mind and conversational powers. ‘shone in the best society, and her home was always the center of a court of admiring friemls. During the entire career of her husband she was his close compamion, and her rare tact and good sense were always of material assistance to him. Inthe latter years of Gen. McClellan's life, after he bad retired from the public at the end of his term of service as governor of New Jersey, he maintained winter residences in Gramercy Park and in Washington Square, two of the most fashionable localities of New York city, and a summer home in Orange, N. J. In all these houses frequent receptions were held, presided over by Mrs. McClellan, and they were always among the most brilliant affairs of their kind in the season. They: aj hed more No mineral duce the benefi follow taking of “BEECHAM a glass of wat upon arising in Painless. Effectual. B. F. allen Co., 365 11 water will pro- cial results that ONE or more ’S PILLS” with er immediately the morning. Covered with a tasteless, soiuble coating, “Worth « guinea @ box.” Of all druggist, of # box will be mailh « Price only 25 conte. Teceipt of ictus, In stamps by ‘Canal St., New York. It was nine years after the close of the war that Miss Irene graduated, and the same year she was married to Licut. Gen. Sheridan, who had been a bachelor until he succumbed to the charms of this lady. Gen. Sheridan was then in the prime of life, and he first met his future wife at a marriage in army circies where she was a bridesmaid. The young bride was twenty years her husband's junior, but he wasa de- Voted lover, and she, a soldier «daughter, knew well how to appreciate his sterling qualities. The domestic life of Gen. and Mra Sherid: was ideal. Naught occurred to mar their hap- piness save one case of severe iliness on her part and occasional premonitions of the heart | trouble which finally caused his death. | For a time they made their home in Chicago, | but when Sheridan was placed in command of the army on ths retirement of Gen. Sherman they removed to Washington and set up th household here. Their Chicago friends bought a house here presented it to them. There | they made thei the rest of their married life Mrs. dan has con- tinued to reside since the ge up the oli hor ® comfortable ged. ‘The house is three-story pressed- | ench roo: the cor- | neat, establish phere ia the great he adornments of th Memories of Gen. Sk are lovingly cherished saddies, bridles, Mexican som! canes that were presents fi dn scores of other relics of dventurous lite that Sheridan led. There are also a es of rare china and a fine portr: representing him in fall uniform on the fie ttle. ers and In this home, that is still redolent with the suggestive presence of the dashing caval Mrs. Sheridan, now in the prime of li in dignified retirement, devoted to her ch and to the memory of her dearly loved bus- band. She is a woman of ag: 7 a deep brunette, petite in figure, very pret and vivacious in manner and a good conversa- tionalist. Her weekly receptions were most en joyable affairs and were attended by the pe: ‘whose acquaintance is best worth having. Even now society knows her well and her pariors are frequently thronged. She has four children, of the strong qualities of character that dis- tinguished the general. MES. HANCOCK. The widow of Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock has never been prominent in public life and now she is rarely heard of. 8: e the death of her distinguished husband she has lived in this city in an unpretentious house. No children are with ber to cheer her declining years, A son and @ daughter, the oniy children tha and Gen, Hancock ‘had, died before they had grown to maturity. The death of the son was asevere blow to both parents and it prema- turely aged Gen. Hancock, who was unusually | attached to the young man and was looking for- | ward to his future with much pride and hope. Mre. Hancock was t daughter of a wealthy merchant of St. Louis. Gen. Hancock wh he was only a lieutenant was stationed at Louis and there be met Miss Russell. The tw: became engaged despite the opposition of Miss Rasseli’s family,who regarded the poor lieuten- | ant as beneath them»: Bat love prevailed and the marriage took place | January 24, 1350, | Mrs, Hancock is slightly above medium height, a woman of fine pbysique and beauty | yp, of face, that the burden of ye quite failed to destroy. telligence and pere quick at repartee " | tion and in every way well fitted to be a social | leader had her life turned ber in that direction. Threads of silver have appeared in her golden red hair. but she is as vouthful in heart as ever and enjoys the quiet companionship of her | friends as of yore. A generous inberitance came to her from her father's estate, and she loves nothing more than to be the alioner of sweet charity to the needy. MRS. LOOAX. Mrs. Mary A. Logan has made a name for herself in the literary world since the death of cessity for engaging in some active regular oc- cupation, alike as a means of income and a sur- cease of the surrow that burdened her life. She began to write for the newspapers and for the magazives, chie subjects pertaining to women and domestic life, and also reminis- cences of her own sands of admiring rea establishment of of her own, and now Mrs. Logan's Magazine occupies r field culiarly its own and has a large clientele. a Logan is an exsy and graceful writer. Without much pretense to the possession of a perfect style, she is direct, foreibie and enter- taining. with an admirable faculty of choosing | topics that interest women generally and of treating them in an engaging manner. ‘Mrs, Logan is fifty-five years of age and her early life was one of privation that contrasts strongly with her present circumstances, While « mere giz] she endured many privations | in rude pioneer life in Mlinois, and knew what it was to do housework for 25 cents a day in order to get money needed for her own family. She was married to Gen. Logan at the age of seventeen, and all through his life was his con- stant helper. Her genuine good sense, busi- ness ability and literars talent stood him in good stead during his public career, when she was practically his private secretary. The experi- ence that she then gained has been of inesti- mable value to her since she bas been compelled to rely upon her own efforts for support. Her literary work and her business ventures give a substantial income, and her Washington home is one of the literary centers of the exp1- tal. nearly the salons of the capital than any entertainments ever held in this country. Mrs. McClellan shoue in these functions, and was never happier than when thus surrounded by her admirers When ministering to the leas ures of her friends, to whom the doors of r home were always open iu unbounded hos- pitality. Gen. McClellan left his family in comfort- able circumstances, bat since bis death Mr: McClellan has lived somewhat in retireme: She has not been a prominent social figure she was before, but has devoted herself in i wily and her intimate social success of hor daughter and ee growing repute ion of her sonasa man of public affairs have bocn the greatest pleasures of her advancing years. B Me- Cicllaa, the son, was a young man in the senior class at Princeton when his father died. MRS, CUSTER'S LITERARY WopK. The widow of Gen. George A. Custer is an- other woman who has attained literary promi- nence since the death of her busvand. She makes her home in Washington and New York principally andisheld 1a high esteem for ber high literary attainments and her tare social quali- ties, She has become s conspicuous tigure in the group of American women who make up a unique literary circle. As a lecturer she is everywhere in demand on the strength of her own accomplishments as well as on account of the romance that attaches to her name. She i. the author of several books that have been vor | successful. “Boots and Saddles,” deseriptive of military life on the westera frontier, and o volume of reminiscences of Gen. Custer that breathe the very spirit of patriotism and witely devotion. Mrs. Custer was Miss Elizabeth Bacon and was married in 186i. Duriag the next ten years Mrs. Custer was with her busband im his frontier service clnost con:inualiy.. It is on since her bereaversent that the has taken b Place in more eouventional lite, were alo has | achieved and is enjoying financia!, literary and | social success. ion, and how they were | Fever after. Mrs. Fre-| | Mashe ai died, keeping | | wnich vy and financially. | ; IN MASHONALAND, A Washington Naturalist and His Work tn Par South Africa. ECRNOLOGICAT. SPECIMENS THAT WE MAS ENT AND WILL SEN NE SMITMSONTAN INS ter re 1 RE INCLEDED IN TTS EXMTBIT WORLD'S FAIR AT CHICAGO, MHE FOLLOWING taken of Tar Sra Harry Brown eclipse Africa, ©. eclipse party at Cape ‘Town a wer force, then ready to sin # trip through south Africe to the Zambesi to open up the new country, Howing article will give the bas been doing since that TIN MASHONALAND, Mr. W. Harvey I seaxons of the which, aa we en to an ardor and hb associated with me out originally mm war Pensacola with dition and peir difti- reb up to Masbon- mark as an expert i eye Tor coun- any previons * to disappear in never get lost, the south Afri- lie was in consequence largely employed on scouting parties, aud in spite of of the count magh. 19m the disband * be devoted his time to these pur- nly for that the Smith. val Museum hington, mable to send home a large and interesting collection of ethnoiugical xpecime: skins and skeletons to be found an Ma Was made unde well as prepared Ay large matanelin This coliection ng circumstances, he suffered of food and ne. tsbucy he suffered a se uralist x most try- re, of many of his nological ones. It that those d in the Smithson- sem collection at the next year, and we have atigability he farther and impor- that toa a was turough one, for Lhe ts now on the Zambest, © ts busily collec ial exom pion { the fauna of the countr, y the white those rare antelopes which ween soon inside natural readers ver yet_pre- adea of the variety afforded te sporte- men in as well as to the natural animal, however small, has escaped his keen vision, and be said that the smallest, as well asthe 1a of the country of the many n ar dealings im the black rms and implementa, are uttuched. He has ive examples of their re, of others used in in- re and weaving, the ectaly affect, the pipes they nents they play and ake use of for good or »w mention seme of the specimens either sent home or will shortly axmuch as they are representatives s he hax given us, vuna and by the not in doing se. iybuterroneonaly oth bush and nm, y Weets for its itat, Now very rare, by some medio be extinct. In color it is aud ix more massive and aa the black rhinoceros, It is »wer Umpull, but chiefly in the the Zamberi, he only one of its kind *, where it s known by the im pluces such as the and between On the east » very plentiful, es er. pectuily along the Pargive Printed gnu or bloom wildarbeeste. — Fairly plexttul about Charter, but is getting D dowa to I nd have been accn within twenty miles y lls, where innumerable tracs © present tims. Hippoyetami,—Stull picutifal in most of the ra sin Marhonalaud, where they re- w deep pools during the day, feed~ nigikt. They are easily killed by @ bot ihe eye and the ear. plentifu. They are wonderfal <, and it would be well worth while to lomesticate them, as they are very ug. their feob Le.ng most exceilent end se -abie antelope,—The handsomest of all the s{.ccits; fairly plentifal in small herds every- where, preierring bushy distrivs to the open. P Hoan anielope.—Prefers the open: is found: in moot parts, Vu! is turer tbat the exble. Water’ back. still plentiful slong the big rivers,