Evening Star Newspaper, December 6, 1892, Page 7

> — if — —— THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D. C. TUESDAY, * DECEMBER 6, 1892—TEN PAGES. 7 CAPITAL AND Laon. 019. en ears pric twill be trade for 1 age @ by ananai increase and value of hat the ex- wholly in 247 per cent this i: the crease in the value of imports of $17,513,754. The value of our exports during tise fiscal eur 189 ie highest figure in the his- ent, amounting to $1,030, & by $145,797.35 the exports ceding the A comparison of the value of 1892 with the annual average our exports for the led the ‘annual During the fiscal year 1892 the free of duty amounted to 999.658, the tory of « jue of the im- ports, as compared with 43.35 per cent in 1891 and 33.66 per cent in 1890 THE COASTWISE TRADE. In our coastwise trades most encouraging | development is in progress, there having been in tho last four years an In internal commerce th no such peric existed. “The freight 1 trade of the Great Lal ‘2,29 tons. On and Ohio rivers and year the tra the total v Detroit River during tons. The vessel tor in the foreign trade amocnted Liverpool for these crease of show that of pros 1s ever before regated lissourt | etroit e senson . whil 1d Liverpool the season Vessel tonnage + Canal for the fis- are b the yea: St. Mav OSPERITY. ral in savings that 90 same mon $01,947, an exc 140,211,159, There never has been atime in our history when work bundant or when wages were ua hig measured by the cur rency in which they are paid or by their power to supply 1 comforts of lite It is tro wheat b. r| an not pro sow and reap in He must © the tion. as to average of | ricultire a | prosperity. etx bas in- 4. the number 241,031,415. 9 and the value with their state here: rices, the returns hey should nc if any beli for hone- fail to remen in the wor them har peepee: | gad to exchange the returns of bis labor | for those of the American farmer, and the | Manchester workmen their wages for those of | their fellows at li Riv TUE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM. | T believe that tie protective system, which has now for something more than thirty years legistation, has w the dew 1 a most po | of our worki Thave fel at to preserve to our work- would not only ble mar- family com- | without which life is They wre Am | Honduras a | grentl, The tions existing between the employees and the employers in our great manufacturing estab- upon wages of the protectiv. hike cailn in the world ,and that a mainte- nance of t rate of wages; in the absence o! was impossible, were obscured by the evoked by these contests, He may now sonal experience under tariff for revenue only. perience shall demonstrate If that that present or ew as many days’ work in@ year at as good or bet- been the case under the protective system, everyone patriotic citizen without the gravest apprehen- ston. | for the American manufacturer to com} of prodnetion with: r contemplate. The Society of the Unei rades in the streets of foreign cities, should not be allowed to acquire an American domicile. ‘The reports of the heads of the several Ex- have very naturally included a resume | of the whole work of the administration with the transactions of the last fiscal year. The at- tention not only of Congress but of the country | sults which have been attsinea. Public rev- aanting $1,414,079,292.28 have been | tuuce as to attract the public atten- collection. The ansacted not ot aservice established an for their protection and comfort. OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS. Onr relations with other nations are now un- disturbed by any serious controversy. The omplicated and threatening differences with ermany and England relating to Samoa with England in relation to. the seal | <in the Bering Sea, and with Chile wing out of the Baltimore affair have been | adjusted. There under se of the tariff law, commercial | ting to reciprocal trade with | g countries: Brazil, Dominioan Re for Cub: temala, § Great Britain for ad British npire, st Indian Colonies agua, Honduras, and | with Guatemala, the German Empire, ag i Austria-Hungary have been con- i since my last annual message. Under © trade arrangements a free or favored ad- mission has been secured in every case for an important list of American products. Especial e has been taken to secure markets for iucts in order to relieve that great und ing industry of the depression which the lack of an adequate foreign market for our surplus often brings. An opening Has also been made for manufactured products that will undoub: edly, if this policy is maintained, gment our export trade. The s of these arrangements can not ntly. New lines of trade are ‘The commercial traveler must ‘The manufacturer must adapt his goods to the new markets and facilities for ex- t be established. This work has been our merchants and manufacturers fields with courage and case of food products, pa, the trade did not need wait and the immediate results h most gratifving. If this policy and these trade arrangements can be continued in force and he establishment of American ste Ido not doubt that we shall, within period, secure fully one-third’ of the trade of ‘the countrie Central and orth America, which now amounts to about 260).909,000 annuaily. In 1833 we bad only 8 tof this trade. TRADE AXD RECIPROCITY. ‘The following statistics show the increase in our trade with the countries with which we have reciprocal trate agreements from the date when such mgreements went into effect up to eptemb the it ing in some almost wh others in.an important de- gree se agreements. exports to Germany and reased in value from having ente enterpr: expecially with 319.303, per cent. i countries the value of our exports nas increased | from $4. 3.593, an increase of . r This ircrease is and dairy pro- . aad in manufactures of iron and steel and limber. There hax been a large increase of imports from all thes cou: agreements wen: mounting to $ bat it has entirely in’ imports from the Ameri ries, sisting mostly of sugar, coff: this now American policy and to our and their loss of South Ameri trade. THE BERING SEA DISPUTE. equisii tution to sc | Pp mes the comfort, indepen- | dence, loyalty, and seuse of interest in the gov- | which essential to good citizen | ship in peace, and which will bring this stal- | wart throng. as in 1961, @ the defense of the | flag when t It to ment in f the recen| i upen the d.and that | or ite tari enue; that he increase 2 mill or keep up the vkman, but thet in| f duty is to be imposed f the United enue, The con- | chedales, but be- be offensive to will ne lines of protec there i structed solely with no auty is to be bit will keep open an & wages of an Ameri every case such a rau ae will bring to. the States the largest tween prix suggest that the prevail into legislation the p and tne pledges giv biiis pamed by the Kepresentativ thet a general revision undertaken. TARIFY REVISTO I recommend ust be de- or the threat * introduces se much un- i, of great tariff chan: | certainty that an an | le also} fecreaed an Jvocated a pro- well afford to hat sof a change isa ppoin i svetem of an be framed that will et the ms of Earopein mot made goods, and an kee} our own mills busy an increased participat of the world” of greater me market we surrender; ck to foreign worl be consumed b; minishing the amount re; of police customs ai pay to bis workmen dred per cent more in wages a te paid in the foreign mill and yet to eo: «vc in our market and in foreign markets wth further redac food without re- the wages of those who produce them c effects have s realized, as its expectation has been, in nrepeas as well as in American cities, the here and promoters of it will be entitled to tus highest praise. We have had ix our history te eral experiences of the contrasted effects of 5 ue and of « protective tariff: but this Reneration has not felt them. and the experi- ence of one generation is not bighly instructive to the next. The {rieuds of the protective sys tem. with undimaini+hedt contitience in the prin- Cites they have advocated, will await the re- eulis of the wew experiment. renew here the argu- | P! ff. t their dis | that will enable the | A treaty providing for the arbitration of the <hspute between Great Britain and the United States as to the killing of seals in the Bering Sea was concluded on the 29th of Febraary last. ‘This treaty was accompanied by an agreem: prohibiting pelagic sealing pending the arbitr: ion, and @ vigorous effort was made during weason to drive out all poaching sealer- from the Bering Sea. Six naval vessels, three revenue cutters and one vessel from the Fish 1_under the command of Com- mander Evans of the Navy. were seat ito the sea, which was systematically patrolled. Some seizures were made, and it is believed that the catch in the Bering ‘Sea by poachers amounted to less than 500 seals. It is trae, however, that in the North Pacific, while the seal herds were ¥ to the passes between the Aleutian ery large number, probably 35,000, taken. ‘The existing ‘statutes of | the United States do nogrestrain our citizens from taking seals in the ic Ocean, and perhaps inot, unless the prohibition can be e: aded to’ the citizens of other uations. ommend that power be given to the Presi- proclamation, to prohibit the taking seals in the North Pacific by American essels, in case either as the result of the find- ings of the trivanal of arbitration, or othe wise, the restraints can be applied to the vessel all countries. The case of the United States tribunal of arbitration has been pre- pared with great care and industry by the Hon. Johu W. Foster, and the counsel who represent this Government express confidence that a result substantially establishing our claims and preserving this great industry for the benefit of ail nations will be attained. CANADA AND ComMERCE. During the past year, a suggestion was re. ceived through the British minister that the Canadian Government would like to confer as | to the possibility of enlarging, upon terms of | matual advantage, the commercial exchan; of Canada and of the United States, and a cou- ference was heldat Washington, with Mr. Blaine acting for this Government, and the Bwitish minister at this capital and three members of | the Dominion cabinet acting as commissioners nm the part of Great Britain. The couference the fact that the Canadian Govern | ment was only prepared to offer to the United | States, im exchange for the concessions asked mission of natural products. The statement was frankly made that favored rates could not given to the United States ay against the mother | couutry. This admission, which was foreseon, | necessirily terminated the conference upon this | question: The benefits of an exchange of nat- ural products would be almost wholly with the people of Canada. Some other topics of interes! were considered in the conference, and have resulted in the making of a convention for | ined and too often disturbed rela- | Government are to remain unchanged, a some- | continue to be intimate, lishments have not been favorable to calm | friendly. I regret to say, h consideration by the wage-earner of the effect | of the controversies, notably those as’ to the yatem. The fisheries on the Atlantic, the sealing interests fects that his wages were the highest paid in | on the Pacific, and the canal toils, our negotia- protective duties upon the productof his labor, | frien ily objections and protests from passion | In the ‘matter of the canal tolls, our treaty able rights were flagrantly disregarded. It is hardly of ‘to review the question in the light of hie per-| too much to say that the Canadian Pacific and the operation of | other railway lines which parailel our northern | ex-| boundary are sustained by commerce having | re thereby maintained | United States. Canadian railroads compete | of work to be done in this country is increased, | commerce act. Their cara pass almost without maintained, so that there are more or detention into and out of our territory xe of the imports ter wages for the American workman as bas the United States from China and Japan, via ill rejoice. A general process of | 30, 1892, 23,230,689 «| Wage reduction can not be contemplated by any | carried from the United States to be ship; It may be, indeed I believe is, possible | 24,068,346 pounds of freight. There were also te suc- | shipped from the United States over this road ior to 1891 by | Cessfuliy with bis foreign rival in many branches | from eastern ports of the United States to our at the defense of protective | Pacific ports, during the same year, 13,912,073 nes, if the pay rolls are equalized: but the | pounds of freight, and there were received over im the his | Conthet that stands between the producer and this road at the United States eastern ports that result and the distress of our working from ports on the Pacific coast 13,298,315 | people when if'is attained are not pleasant to | pounds of freight. valag now hoiding tts frequent and threatening pa-| before the Se Departments, which are herewith sub | Canadian territory probably amounts to £100,- | se | i#again invited to the methodsof administra- | cal relations of Canada. | tion which have been pursued and to the re-| wholly with her own people. It is time for us, thout loss from mis- | tinue,our interchanges upon lines of land trans- le defalcation of | portation should not be put upon a_ different | tion, and ata diminished per cent of cost for | canals and public business has been | the sea secured by | only with fidelity, but pro-| American canal around the Falls of Niagara gressively, and with a view to giving tothe and the opening of ship communication between people in the fuilest possible degree the ben-| the Greut Lakes and one of our own seaports. | maintained | We should not hesitate to. | ing and dispersing the evil-doers. of Canada and the disposition of the Canadian what radical revision of our trade relation: should, I think, be made. Our relations must and they should be owever, that in many tions with Great Britain have continuously been thwarted or retarded by unreasonable and un- either its origin or terminus, or both, in the with those of the United States for our traffic, | and without the restraints of our interstate- The Canadian Pacific Rail brought into British Columbia, during the year ended Jun pounds of freight, and i to China and Jnpan, via British Columbia, Mr. Joseph Nimmo, ‘jr, | ief of the Bureau of Statistics, when te Select Committee on Rela- tions with Canada, April 26, 1890, said that “the value of goods thus transported between different points in the United States across former C) 000,000 n yea | There is no disposition on the part of the | ‘ople or Government of the United States to | interfere in the smallest degree with the politi- That question is however, to consider whether, if the present tate of things and trend of things is to con- basis, aud our entire independence of Canadian the St. Lawrence as an outlet to he construction of an 1 ourselves of great natural tradeadvantages. We should wi draw the support which is given to the railronda and steamship lines of Canada by a traffic that properly belongs to usand no longer furnish the earnings which lighten the otherwise crushing weight of the enormous public subsidies that have been givento them. The subject of thgpowerof 1 with thismatter withutfur- ation has been under consideration, but circumstances have postponed x conelu- sion. It is probable that a consideration of the propriety of a m roga'ton of the article of the ‘Treaty of Washington relat- ing to the transit of goods in bond is involved in any complete solution of the question. CORDIAL RELATIONS WITH cHILT. Congress at the last session was kept advised of the progress of the serious and for « time threatening differences between the United States and Chile. It gives me now great grati- fication to report that the Chilean Governmeni, ina most friendly and honorable spirit, has teudered and paid as an indemnity to the fami- hes of the sailors of the Baltunore who were J to those who were injured in the out- in the city of Valparaiso the sum of 000. has been accepted, not only as an indemnity for a wrong done, but as most gratifving evidence that the Government of Chile rightly ay 4 the disposition of thi Government to act in a spirit of the most abso- te fairness and friendliness in our intercourse with that brave people. A further and con- elusive evidence of the mutual respect and con- fidence now existing is furnished by the fact that a convention submitting to arbitration the mutuat claims of the citizens of the re- spective Governments bas been agreed upon. Some of these claims have been pending for been the occasion of much isfactory diplouintie correspondence, I Lave endeavored in every way to assure our sister republics of Central and South Americ: that the United States Government and its peo- ple have only the most friendly disposition to- ward them ull, We do not covet their terri- tory. We have no disposition to be oppressive or exacting in our dealings with any ef them, even the weakest, Our interests and our hopes for them all lie in the direction of stable gov- it by their people and of the largest pment of their great commercial re- meatual benefits of enlarged cor of a more familiar and -courae between our peoples we do in this have sought their friendly friendly i desire, an co-operatior ave believed, however, while holding thes ments in the greatest sincerity, that we for any aries inflicted upon our official representa- tives or upon our This insistence, kindly and justly, but made, will, I be- lieve, promote peace and mi ct. OTHER NATIC Our relations with Hawaii have been such as to attract an inc ed interest, and must con- m it of great importance that the projected enbmarine cable, a surv or which bas been made, should be promoted. Both for naval and commercial uses we shoald have quick communication with Honolulu, We should before tis have availed ourselves of the concession, made many years ago to this Gov- ernment, for a harbor and naval station at Pearl River. Many evidences of the friendli ness of the Hawaiian Government have been given in the past, and it is gratifying to believe that the advantage and necessity of a eontinu- ance of. very close relations is appreciated, The friendly act of this Government in ex- pressing to the Government of italy its repro- bation and abhorrence of the Lynching of Italian subjects in went must insist upon a just responsibilil festation of gracious appreciation, and’ the in- cident has been highly promotive of mutual respect and good will In consequence of the action of the French Goverament in proclaiming a protectorate over certain tribal distric' of the west coast of Afriea, enstward of the San Pedro River, which slong been regarded as the southeastern ndary of Liberia, I have felt constrained to make protest against this encroachment upon the territory of a Republic which was founded by citizens of the United States and toward which this ecuntry has for many years held the intimate relation of # friendly ‘The recent disturbances of the public peace by lawless foreign marauders on the Mexican frontier have afforded this Government an opportunity to testify its good will for Mexico and its earnest purpose to fulfill the ob- Ugations of international friendship by pursu- ‘The work f Felocating the boundary of the treaty of uadalupe Hidalgo, westward from El Paso, is progressing favorably. Cur intercourse with Spain continues ona friendly footing. regret, however, not to be able to report as vet the ‘adjustment of the claims of the American missionaries arising from the disorders at Ponape, in the Caroline Islands, but I anticipate a satisfactory adjust i wed and urgent represen- as to the Government at Madrid, The treatment of the religious and educa- tional establishments of American citizens in Turkey has of late called for a more than usual hare of attention. A tendency to curtail the toleration which has so beneticially prevailed is liscernible and hax called forth the earnest re- monstrances of this Government. Harassing regulations in regard to schools and churches uave been attempted in certain localities, but | not without due protest and the assertion of the inherent and conventional rights of our ntrymen. Violations of domicile and search of the persons and effects of citizens of the United States parently irresponsible ofti- aly in the Asiatic vilayets nave from time to time beon reported. An aggravated instance of injury to the property of an American mix- sionary at Bourdour, in the province of Koni called forth an urgent claim for reparation, which I am pleased to say was promptly heeded | by the government of the Porte. Interference with the trading ventures of our citizens it Asia Minor is also re} ,and the lack of consular representation in ‘that region is n serious drawback to instant and effective pro- tection. Tecan not believe that these incidents vepresent a vettied policy, and shall not cease to urge the adoption of pro} International copyright been extended to Italy by proclamation in conformity with che act of March 3, 1391, upon assurance being xiven that Italian law permits to citizens of the canal and secure to the United States its proper relation to it when completed. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY CONFERENCE. The Congress has been already advised that the invitations of this Government for the as- sembling of an International Monetary Confer- ende to consider the question of an enlarged use of silver were accepted by the nations to which they were addressed. ‘The conference assembied at Brussels on the 22d of November ‘and bas: entered upon the consideration of this great question, Ihave not doubted, and have | taken occasion to express that beliéf, as well in the invitations issued for this conference as in my public messages, that the free coinage of silver upon an agreed international ratio would greatly promote the interests of our people and equally those of other nations. It is too early to predict what results may be accomplished by the conference. If any temporary check or delay intervenes, I believe that very soon com- mercial conditions will compel the now reluc- tant governments to unite with us in this move- ment to secure the enlargement of the volume of coined money needed for the transaction of the business of the world. THE NATION'S FINANCES. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury will attract especial interest in view of the many misleading statements that have been made as to the state of the public revenues. Three — liminary facts should not only be stated, but emphasized, before looking into details: First, that the public debt has been reduced since ‘March 4. 1589, $259,074,200, terest charge §11,684,469; second, that thero have been paid out for pensions during this ad- ministration up to November 1, 1892, $482,564, 178.70, an excess of $114,466,886.09 over the sum expended during the period from March 1, 1885, to March 1, 1889, an tho existing tariff up’ to December 1 about $93,000,000" of revenue, which have boen collected upon imported sngare if the duty had been maintained, has gone into the pockets of the people and not into the ypub- lic treasury, as before, If there are any who still think that the surplus should bave been kept out of circulation by hoarding it in th Treasury, or deposited in favored banks with- out interest while the Government contintied to | ay to there very banks interest upon the bonds Repoaited as security for the deposite, or who think that the extended pension legislation was ublic robbery, or that the duties upon «ugar should have been maintained, Iam content to leave the argument where it ‘now reste, while we wait to see whether these criticisms will take | the form of legislation. ‘The revenues for the fiscal year ending Jun 30, 1892, from all sources were $425,963, 260.22. and the expenditures for all purposes were $415,953,806.56, leaving « baiance of €9,914,- 63.66. ‘There were paid during the year upon the public debt $40,570,467.98. ‘The surplus in the Treasury and the bank redemption fund, by the act of July 14, 1890. to the gen- eral fund, furnished in large part the cash available and used for the payments made upon the public debt. Compared with the year 1891, ‘our receipts from customs dutiesfell’ off $42,- 069,241.08, while our receipts from internal revenue Increased $8,284,823.13, leaving the net loss of revenue from these priucipal xources £33,7°4,417.95. The net loss of revenue from all sources was $32,975,972. ‘The revenues, estimated and actual, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, are placed by Secretary at £463,336,350.44 and the expen- ares at #461,036,350.44, showing a surplus of receipts over expenditures of 22,000,000, The cash balance in the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year it is estimated will be &20,992,377.03 So far as these figures are based upon esti- mates of receipts and expenditures for the re- maining months of the current fiscal year, there are not only the usual elements of uncer- tainty, but some added elements. New ret nue legislation, or even the expectation of it, may seriously reduce the public revenues dur- g the period of uncertainty and during the process of business adjustment to the new ton- ditions when they become known, But the Secretary has very wisely refrained from guess- ing as to the effect of possible changes in our revenue laws, since the scope of those changes and the time of their taking effect can not in any degree be forecast or foretold by him. His es- timates must be based upon existing laws and upon a continuance of existing business condi- ions, except 60 far as these conditions may be affected by causes other than new legislation. ‘The estimated receipts for the fiseal year end- ing June 30, 1894, are $450, and the estimated appropriations $457,; 33, leay- ing an estimated surplus of receipts over ex- penditures of $32 This does not in- ingfund. In the recommendation of the Secretary that the sink- ing-fund law be repealed I concur. ‘the re- demption of bonds since the passage of the law to June 30, 1892. has already exceeded the re- quirements by the sum of 2990,510,631.49. ‘The retirement of bonds in the future before ma- turity should be a matter of convenience, not of compulsion. We should not collect revenue for that purpose, but only use any casual sur- pins. To the balance of €32,860,030.05 of re- ceipts over expenditures for the year 1894 should be added the estimated surplus at the beginning of the year, £20,992,3 nd from this aggregate there must be deducted, as stated by the Secretary, about $44,000,000 of esti- mated un nded appropriations. The public confidence in the purpose and bility of the government to maintain the parity fall of our money issnes, whether coin or paper, mst remain unshaken. The demand for gold in Europe and the consequent calls upon us are in a considerable a the result of the efforts of some of the European govern- ments to increase their gold reserves, and these fforta should be met by appropriate legislation on our part, The conditions that have created his drain of the Treasury gold are in an i vortant degree political and not commercial. In view of ‘the fact that a general revision of our revenue laws in the near future seems to be robable, it would be better that any changes should be a part of that revision rather than of a temporary nature. SILVER PURCHASES. During the last fiscal year the Secretary pur- weed under the act of J ounces of silver, and issued in’ paymen? ‘or $51,106,603 in notes, The total purchases since the passage of the act have been 129,479,- #81 ounces, and the aggregate of notes issued #116,733,590. The average price paid for silver during the year was 94 cents per ounce, the highest price being 1.02%; July 1, 1891, and the lowest 83 cents March 21, 1892. In view of the fact that the monetary conference is now sitting and that no conclusion haa yet been reuched, I withhold any recommendation as to legielation upon this subject. THE WAR DEPARTMENT, ‘The report of the Seczetary of War brings again to the aitention of Congress some im- portant suggestions as to the reorganization of the infantry gnd artillery arms of the service, which his piodecemsors have before urgently presented. Our Army is small, but its organiza ton should all the more be put upon the most approved modern basis. The conditions upon what we have cailed the “frontier” have here- tofore required the maintenance of many small posts, but now the policy of concentration is obviously the right one. "The new posts should have the proper strategic relations to the only “frontiers” we now have, those of the reacoast and of our northern and part of our southern boundary. Ido not think that any question of advantage to localities or to States'should de- termine the location of the new posts. The re- organization and enlargement of the Bureau of Military Information which the Secretary has | effected is a work the useftiness of which will become every year more apparent. ‘The work of building heavy guns and the construction of coust defenses has been well begun and should be carried on without check. THE DEPARTMENT OF 3USTICE. ‘The report of the Attorney General is by law submitted directly to Congress, but I cannot refrain from saving that he ha¥ conducted the increasing work of the Department of Justice with great professional skill. He hasin sev- I directions secured from the courts de- cisions giving i ficers of the Ui States and b classes of crime that escaped loeal cognizance and punishment into the tribunals of the United States, where they could be tried with ringing some numerous applications for Executive clemency presented in bebaif of con- vieted in United States courts and given peni- tentiary sentences have called ny attention to a fact referred to by the Att ‘-General in his report, namely, that a time allowance for good behavior for ‘such prisoners is bed. by the Federal statutes only whore which the penitentiary is located bas made no such provision. Prisoners are of the provisions of the Sta! penitentiary to which are various, some perhaps too illiberal. ‘The sentence for five years means examining the Alaséan boundary and the waters | United States the benefit of copyright on sub- | prisoner is sent to one ef P oddy Bay adjacent to Eastport Me., and in the initiation of an arrangemen’ for the protection of fish life in the coterminou and neighb@ring waters of our northern borde: ‘The controversy as to tolls upon the Wella: Int session by special message, having failed 0) adjustment, I felt constrained to exercisathe authority conferred by the act of July 26, 159%. | vious messages that and to saspension of the free use of stantially the same basis as to subjects of Italy. Th “ites, secpesenk peotbame ot exprrigtt 15, tase been applied between the Enited States a ‘Negotiations are ‘sith other countries to the same end. eaesies T repent with great earnestness the recom mendation which I have made_in several pre port be and quite a different other. ss *Thhave before expressed the recommendation of the At the Federal id the annual in- | third, that under | would | the | Government in the Court of Claims ia enormous. Claims to the amount of pearly £400,000,000 for the taking of or injury to the property of per- sons cl to be loyal during the war are now before that court for exemination. When to these are added the Indian depredation claims and the French spolistion claims an eg- te is reached that is indeed startling. In e defense of all these cases the Government great disadvantage. The claimants have reverved thelr evidence, wherens the agents of Government are gent into the fiéld to rum: mage for what they can find. This difficnlts linrly great where the fact to be established the'disloyalty of the claimant during the | war. If thie great threat against our revenues | isto have no other check certainly Congress should suppiy the Department of Justice with appropriations sufficiently liberal to secure the best legal talent in the defense of these claims and to pursue its vague search for evidence ef- fectively. THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. ‘The report of the Postmaster-General shows ‘© most gratifying increase and a most efficient and progressive management of the great busi- ness of that Department. The remarkable in- crease in revenues, in the number of post- offices, and in the miles of mail carriage fur- | nishes’ further evidence of the high state of Prosperity which our people are enjoying. jew offices mean new hamlets and towne, new Toutes mean the extension of our border set- tlements, and increased revenues mean an act- ive commerce. The Postmaster. views the whole period of his administration the office and brings some of fice down to the month last. postal revenues have during the last year nearly The deficit for ‘the year ending J 380, 1892, is $848,341 less than the deficiency of the preceding ‘year. The deficiency of the present fiscal year it is estimated will be re- duced to $1,552,423. which will not only be ex- tinguished during the next fiscal year, buta ‘urplus of nearly one million dollars should then be shown. In those calculations the pi ments to be made under the contracts for ocean mail service have not been included. Thero have beey added 1.590 new mail routes during the vear, with a mileage of 8,563 miles; and the total number of new miles of mail trips added | | | ‘The number of miles of ‘mail journeys adc during the last four years is about seven millions, this addition being twenty the whole country in 1861. by 2,790 during the year; and during the past four years and up to October 29 last the total nearly nine thousand. The number of free- delivery offices has been nearly doubled in the order offices more than doubled within that time. For the three years ending June 39, 1892, the postal revenue amounted to $17,744,359, whic Wax an increase of $52,263,150 over the revenue for the three years ending June 30, 1588, the increase during the last three years being more than three and a half times as great as the in crease during the three years ending June 30, 1888. No such increase as that shown for these three years has ever previously appeared in the revenites of the Department. ‘The Postmaster- General has extended to the post-offices in the larger cities the merit system of promotion, introduced by my direction into the Depart- that better done. from the sea by the rebel cruisers during the f the rebellion the United States has been paying an enormons annual tribute to foreign moneys. Our grain and meats have been taken at our own docks and our large imports there Inid down by foreign shipmasters. An increas: ing torrent of American travel to Europe has dends of foreign shipowners. The balance of trade chown by the books of our custom houses hes been very largely reduced and in many Years altogether extinguished by this constant drain, Inthe year 1892 oniy 12.3 per cent o} our imports were brought i ican vessels, ‘These creat foreign steamships maintained by our traffic are many of them under contracts with their respective governments by which in time of war they will become a part of their armed naval establishmente, Protiting by our commerce in peace, they will become the most formidable destroyers of our commerce in time of war. Ihave felt and have before expressed the feeling that this condition of things was both intolerable and disgrac A whoieso: change of policy and one having in it mu romise, as it seems to me, was begun by the w of March 3, 1491. Under this law contracts have been made by the Po-tiwmaster-General for eleven mail rouves, ‘The expen by these contracts for the noxt fiseal year ap- proximates Ax ono of the results already r rican steamships of an gkregate tonnage of 57,400 tons, costing = ican shipyards, ated tonnage of all steamships re- quired under existing contracts is 165,$02, and When the full service required by these con- tincts is established there will be 41 mail steamers under the American flag, with the probability of further necessary additions in Brazilian and Argentine service. The con- tracts recently let for transatlantic service will result in the construction of five ships of ten thousand tons each, costing nine or ten milli dollars, and willadd, with the and City of Paris.to whi ized by legislat to give American registry, seven of the swiftest vestela upon the sea to our naval reserve. Ihe contracts made with the lines ling to Central a have incrense¢ c aud shortened the time of the trips, added new ports of call and sustained’some lines thut otherwise would aimost certainly have been withdrawn. The to Buenos 4 is the first to the Argentine Republic under the American flag. ‘The service to Sonthampton, Boulogne a the steamships ity of New York and City of Paris in bruary next. SUBSIDIZED STEAMSHIP LINES. Tearnestiy urge a continuance of the policy inaugurated by this legislation and that the propriations required to meet the obligatic of the Government under the contracts-ina made promptly, so that the lines that ha tered into there or ts may not be burrassed. We have had, by reason of conn: ons tions with the transcontiuental railway lines | constructed through our own territory, sc that we did not possess on the 4 construction of Railway and large subyentions — from England of fast steam Vancouver with Japan and China seriou threaten our shipping interests in the Pacitic. This line of English steamers receives, as is stated by the Commissioner of Navigation, a direct subsidy of £400,000 annually, or $80,767 per trip for thirteen voyages, in addition to some further aid from the admiralty in connec- tion with contracts under which the vessels may be used for naval purposes. The compet- ing American Pacific mail line, under the act of March 3, 1891, receives only $6,389 per round trip. Efforts have been making within the last year, as Tam informed, to establish under sim. ilar condi i rome Australian port, with a view of seizing there a frade in which we have hag. a large in- terest, ‘The Commixsioner of Navigation states that a very large per cent of ‘our imports from Asia are now brought to us_ by English steam- ships and their connecting failways in Canada. With a view of promoting this trede, especially in tea, Canada bas imposed a discriminating duty of 10 per cent upon ten and coffee brought into the Dominion from the United States. If this unequal contest between American lines without subsidy, or with diminished subsidies, and the English ‘Canadian line to which I have referred is to continue, I think we shonld at least see that the facilities for customs entry and transportation across our territory are not such as to make the Canadian route « favored one, and that the discrimination as to duties, to which I have referred, is met by a like discrimi- nation as tothe importation of these articles from Canada, are Canada and during the year ix nearly seventeen millions. | ions of "miles more than were in operation in | The number of post-offices has been increased | increase in the number of offices has been | last four vears, and the number’ of money-_ ments here, and it has resulted there, as in the | Departments, in a larger volume of work and Ever wince our merchant marine was driven | countries in the shape of freight and passage | contributed vast sum annually to the divi- | ure involved | 400,000, have been built or contracted tobe | th American poris | Antwerp is also new, and is to be begun with | arrival of their armor, which has been unex- tedly delayed, or they would have been be- fore this in commission. Contracts have been let during this adminis- | tration, under the appropriations for the increase of the Navy, including new vessels and their appurtenances, the amount of $35,000,000, and there has been expended during the same period for labor at navy- yards upon similar work, $8,000,000 withoat the smallest scandal or charge of fraud or par- tinlity. The enthusinsm and interest of ‘our naval officers, both of the staff and line, have been greatly kindled. They have responded magnificently to the confidence of Congress and have demonstrated to the world an unexcelled capacity in construction, in ordnance, aud in everything involved in the building, equipping, and sailing of great war +h: At the beginning ration several difficult problems re- mained to be grappled with and solved before the efficiency in action of our ships could be secured. Itis believed that as the result of new processes, in the construction of armor plate our later ships will be clothed with de- | fensive plates of higher resisting power than | are found on any war vessels afloat. We were | without torpedoes. Tests have been made to ascertain the relative efficiency of different constructions, a torpedo has been adopted, and the work of ‘construction is now being carried on successfully. We were without «rmor- picreing shells, and without a shop instructed and equipped for the construction of them. We are now making what is believed to be & projectile superior to any before in uso. A smokeless powder has been developed, and a | slow-barning powder for gune of large caliber, A high explosive, capable of use in shells fired | from service guns, has been found, and the manufacture of gum cotton has been developed o that the question of supply is no longer in unbt. The development of a naval militia, which has been organized in eight States and brought into cordial and co-operative relations with | the Navy, is another important achievement. There are now enlisted in these orgunizations | 1,800 men, and they axe likely to be greatly ex- tended. I recot ach legislation and ap- propriations as will encourage and develop this movement. The recommendations of the Secre- tary will, [do not doubt, receive the friendly consideration of Congress, for he has enjoyed, as he hus deserved, the confidence af all those | interested in the development our Navy, without any division upon partisan lines. { express the hope that a work which has made such noble progress may not now be ed. @ wholesome influence for pe: the increased sense of security which o citizens domiciled in other lands feel when these magnificent ships under the American flag appear is alr Cally apparent. The ships from the great naval | bor of N stration to the world that the United states is again a naval power, _ THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. The work of the Intetior Department, always | very burdensome, has been larger than ever before during the administration of Secretary | Noble. The disability pension law, the taking j of the Eleventh Census, the opening of vast of Indian lands to settiement, the organi- of Oklahoma, and the nego the cession of Indian lands furnish « parade next April in the har- | sults achieved testify to the ability, fidelity, dindustry of the head of the Department | and his efficient assistants, Several important agreements for the cession | of Indian lands negotiated by the Commission appointed under the act of March 2, 1889, are | awaiting the action of Congress, Perhaps the most important of these is that for the cessi ‘of theCherokee Strip. This region has been the source of great vexation to the Executive | Department and of great friction and unrest between the settlers who desire to occupy it jand the Indians who assert tide. The agree- | ment which bas been made by the Commission | is perhaps the most «atisfactory that could have | been reached. It will be noticed that it is con: ditioned upon its rat fore March 4, 1393, The Segretary of the In- erior, who has given the subject very careful thought, recommends the ratification of the | agreement, and I am inclined to follow his | recommendation, Certain it is that some | action by which this controversy shall be | brought to an end and these lands opened to | settlement is urgent, The form of government provided by Con- gress on May 17, 1884, for Alasha was, in its | frame and purpose, temporary. The increase ion and the d of some im- tive that the law should be revised and better provision made for the arrest and pun- ishment of criminals, ‘Tho report of the Secretary shows a very ing state of facts as to the condition of noral Land Office. The work of issuing | agricultural patents, which scemed to be hope- [lessly in arrear when the presont Secretary | undertook the a of his 0) expedited that the Bureau is business. The relief thus afforded | aud worthy settlers upon the public giving to them an assured title to their entri | ns been of incalculable benefit in developin | the new States and the Territori ‘The Court of Private Land Ciaims, by Congress for the prom speedily settling contested l satisfactory progress in its wor! work is completed a gre: lopment of thos to honest is established n of this poliey of . Whi the enormous ces- n have been opened ring this adminis and the ag | sions of Indian fnnds | to settlement, age: | tration arly 000.000 acre: 1d now pend by which be opened ti en how mich has beenaccompli in the execu Ia j the allotra | dians to two chicf purpose it of 1 won to the | and Commis i menis have been made fer which paten now in process of preparation. p children b er 13 nearly twenty of wchool text-books nd th ip service from | sumed his now relation to he organized civil community in which he resides,and the new States are able to assume the burden. T have several times been c move Indian agents appoi: and have done 80 promptiy upon avery sustained com- plsint of unfitness or misconduct. I believe, jowever, that the Indian service at the agencies bas been improved and is now adinix the whole with a good degree of efficiency. If any legislation is possible by which the selec tion of Indian agenty can be wholly removed from all partisan suggestions or considerations, Tam sure it would be a great relief to the Ex: ecutive and a great benelit to the service. The appropriation for the subsistence of the Chey- enne and Arapahoe Indians made at the last session of Congress was inadequate. This smaller appropriation was estimated for by the Commissioner upon the theory that the large fund belonging to the trite in the public Treasury could be and ought to be used for their support. In view, however, of the pend. ing depredation claims against this fund and other considerations, the Secretary of the Inte- rior on the 12th of April last submitted a sup- plemental estimate for $50,000. This appro- Priation was not made, as it should have been, ‘and the oversight ought to be remedied at the carlicit possible date. ae in a message to this Congress at the Inst I stated the reasons why I had not spproved the deed for the reloare to the United States by the Choctaws and Chickasaws of the lands formerly embraced in the Cheyenne and A Reservation afd remaining allotments to that tribe. A resolution of the AH Secretary Tracy's ad-| ch will appear in | ew York will be a convincing demon- | tion by Congress be- ‘“ | an increase in value of 664 per cent. Tho ex- tered on | taws and Chickasaws is nized by Congress in the tion I have re- ferred to. The surplus lands to which this | claim would attach in Kiowa and Co- manche Reservation i# 2,500,000 acres and at the same rate the Government will be called upon to pay ctaws and Chickasaws | for these Innds €3,125,000. This sum will be further augmented, especially if the title of the Indians to the tract now Grier County, Tex.. is established. ‘The duty devolved upon | me it this connection was simply to pass upon the form of the deed; but as in my opinion the | facts mentioned in my special were not adequately brought to the attention of Con- | gress in connection with she legislation, I have felt that I Would not be justified in acting with. | out some ew expression of the legiflative TENSIONS. The report of the Commissioner of Pensions, to which extended notice is given by the Secre- | tary of the Interior in his report, will attract isely that recog- easy victims o! plagae. This consideration, as well as those affecting the political, moral, and industrial inverests of our country, lead me. renew the suggestion that admission to oar try and to the high privileges of ite eit Zenship should be more restricted and more careful. We bave,1 think,» right and owes duty to ourown people, and iy to one working people, not only to ont the vicious, the ignorant, the civil disturber, the pauper, and the contract laborer, bat to check the too great gration Low coming by farther The report of the World's Colombian Bry sition has not yet been submitted. Thai of the Board of Management of the Government exhibit has been receiv fie herewith trans mitted. The work a ration for the opening of the Fy Er Yity nest bas progressed mast, satiedeotertiy 2 upon a scale of liberality and magnificence that will worthily sustain the hour of the United States, tion, Indged done the Inet Rreatest in the history of the Office, I believe | that the organization of the Office is eMicicnt, and that the work bas been done with fidelity. The passage of what is known as the disability Dill has, as was foreseen, very largely increased the annual disbursements to the disabled vet- erans of the civil war, The estimate for this fiscal vear was $144,956.00, and that amount Was appropriated. A deficteney amounting to $10,505,621 myst be provided for at this session, The estimate for pensions for the fiscal year joner of Pensions believes that, if the | f re maintained radditions to the pension laws are nditure = . 1894, and will be at the highest point 155,000,000 per annum. Tadhere to the views expressed in previons messages that the care of the disabled soldiers | of the war of the rebellion is a matter of na- | tional concern and duty. Perhaps no emotion cools sooner than that of gratitude, bat I can not believe that thi+ process has yet reached a point with our people that would sustain the policy of remitting the care of these disabled vete ¢ inadequate agencies provided b; local laws. The parade on the 20th of Septem- ber last upon the streets of this capital of sixty thousand of the surviving Union veterans of | the war of the rebellion was a most touching and thrilling epixode, and the rich and gracious welcome extended to them by the District of | Columbia and the appleuse that greeted their progress from tens of thousands of people from ali the States did much to revive the glorious | recollections of the grand review, when these men and many thousand others now in their | graves were welcomed with grateful joy as vic- tors in a struggle in which the national unity, honor and wealth were all at issue. In my last annual message I called atten! to the fact that some legislative action was essary"in order to protect the interesta of the Government in its relations with the Union Pa- cific Railway. The Commissioner of Railroads bas submitted a very full report, giving exact information as to the debt, the liens upon the v's property, and its resources. W. must deal with the question as we find it, and take that course which will, under existing con- | ditions, best secure the interests of the United | States.” I recommended in my last annual | message that a commission be appointed to | deal with this question, and I renew that recom- | mendation, and suggest that the commission be given full power. THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. The report of the Secretary of Agriculture contains not only a most interesting statement of the progressive and valuable work done under | the administration of Secretary Busk, but many uggestions for the enlarged usefulness of this | important Department. ‘In the successful ef- | fort to break down the restrictions to the free | introduction of our meat products in the coun- tries of Europe, the Secretary has been un- tiring froi the first, stimulating and aiding all other government officers, at home and abroad, whose official duties enabled them to par- ticipate in the work. The. total. trade. in hog |,Products with Europe in May, 1892, amounted ‘inst 46,900,000 in the ‘to $2,000,000 pounds | same month of 1891;’ in June, 1892, the exports pounds, against 46,500,000 | | aggregoted 85,700, | pounds in the same month of the previous year; | in July there was an incroase of 41 percent and | in Angust of 55 per cent over the correspond- ing months of 159 + 40,000,000 pounds of inspected pork have been exported since the law was put into o} and a comparison | of the four months of May, June, July, and | August, 1892, with the same months of 1891 | shows an increase in the number of pounds of | our export of pork products of 62 per cent, and ports of dressed beef increased from 137,900,000 pounds in 1889 to 220,500,000 pounds or about 60 per cent, Dur- r there have been exported tle as against 205,786 ex- | Ported in 189, This increased exportation has j been largely promoted by the inspection anthorized by law and the faithfal efforts of the Secretary and his efficient subordinates to | make that inspection thorongh and to carefully | exclude from atl cargoes discased or suspected | cattle. The requirement of the English regula- | tions that live eattle arriving from the United | 8 munst be «l in the claim that pleuro-pueumonia ex- ug American cattle aud that the ex- i only certainly be rmined by a post-mortem inspection. The Department of Agriculture bas l i rey and fai e: and, on the last. 2 public announcement was made by the Secretary that the disease mo longer existed anywhere within the United States. He is en- r the most searching in- nt was justified, and of the inspection and red of cattle brought into disease ean be prevented from y foothold. The value to the ihe United States of this v beestimaied. We ean his evidence ered this count: again ge j cattle ind | ach | | no requireme red at the di rexirictions upon been. If onr cattle can verior the trade will be 030 and the value of the 76, which ex- lay of September | hia THE DISTRICT LIQrOR LAW. The District of Columbia ie left, by ade cision of the supre rt of the District, Without any law regu the iqnor tratie, An old statute of the legisiature of the District, lating te lensing of variows vocations, has hitherto been treated by the Commiston- ers as giving them power to grant or refuse Licenses to sell int ng liquors, and ae wub- Jecting those who sold withont license to pen= sities; but im May last the » the District held against this ere of the Commiesic Ite of urgent tm- Portance, therefore, that Congress should #np- pir, either by direct enactment or by confer Ting discretionery powers upon the Commis tioners, proper the liquor trattic in the District, The District has suffered in its reputation by many crimes of violence, « large per cent of them resulting from drunkenness and the liquor tratfic. The capital of the nation should be freed from this reproach by the enactment of stringent re- strictions and limitations upon the trattie < the recommendation which I have made in three preceding annual messages that Congress should legislate for the protes- tion of raiiroad emplyeos aguinst the dangers incident to the old and inadequate methods of breaking and coupling which are still in use upon freight trains, | doo with the hope that this Congress may take action upon the subject, Statistics farnished by the Interstate Commerce Commission show that during the year endi: June $9, 1891, there were 47 different tyne of car couplers reported to be in use, and that during the same period there were 2.680 em- plovees killed and 26,140 injured. Nearly 16 Per cent of the deaths occurred im the eouyl and uncoupling of cars, and ever 36 per cout the injuries had the same origin. The Civil Service Commision ask for en fn- creased appropriation for needed clerical as- istance, which I think should be given. 1 tended the classified service March 1 include physicians, sj perintendents, achool teachers, and matrons in the Indian service, and have had under con- ELECTION ETHODS, Thave, ineach of the three annual messages which it has been my duty to submit to Con- grees, called attention to the evila and dangers connected with onr election methods and tices as they are related to the choice of of the National Government. In my last en- Tendeavored to invoke serious attention to the evils of unfair apportionments for Congress. I cannot close this message out again calling attention to these grave threatening evils. I had hoped that it was sable to secure a non-partiaun inquiry,by of a commission, into evils the e: which is known to all,and that might grow legislation from which all gulf the higher thought appa’ of masta only the thought a of the freedom and purity of the ry, of the elector, without the guaran ‘b the government could never have formed and without the continuance of which tenn not continue to exist in peace and prom perity. 1: is time that mutual charges of unfairness and fraud between the great parties should cease, and that the sincerity of those who fessa desire for pure and honest should be brought to the test of their willing- ness to free ofr legisiation and our election methods from everything that tends to impair the public confidence in the announced result, ‘The n@cessity for an inquiry, and for legida- tion by Congress, upor important particulars been away from and not toward free and fair clections and equal appor- tionments, Is it not time that we rhould come together upon the high plane of patriotiem while we devise me(bods that shall secure the right of every man qualified by law to cast @ free ballot and give to every such ballot an equal ¢ in choosing our public officers and in directing the poiicy of the Government? MOR LAW. Lawlessness is not less euch, but more, where it ueurps the functions of the peace officer and of the courts, The frequent lynching of eol- cred people aceused of crime is without the ex- cuse which bas sometimes been urged by me for a failure to pursue the app for the punishment an undue influ: Such acta aren where they occur, and 0 far ua they can be made the subject of Federal jurisdiction the strongest repressive 4 A public sentiment that will s of the law in resi accused persons in the moted b who gives hic cans. ‘The officer brave discharge of this duty is worthy of special honor. No lesson needs to be urgently impressed apen ear Je as thir, that no worthy end of cause cam Promoted by luwlosnews This exhibit of the work of the Executive Departments is submitted to Congress and to the pupite in the « there will be found n it a due earnest purpose to m the corotry will give us alevel from which to note the increase or decadence that new legislytive palietes may bring tous. There isno reason why the na- tional influence. power, and prosperity should not observe the same rates of increase that have characterized tho past thirty yeara, We carry the great impuixe and increase of these There is no reason why There are no near frontiers to our possible development. Retrogression would le opportunity for the experiment in Germany of combining corn meal with rye to produce a cheaper bread. A fair degree of suc- cesshas been attained, and some mills for | grinding corn for food have been introduced. ‘The Secretary is of the opinion that thie new | use of the products of corn has already stima- lnted exportations, and that if diligently prose- | cuted large and important markets can pres- | ently be opened for this great American pro- duet. ‘The suggestions of the Secretary for an en- largement of the work of the Department are commended to your favorable cousideration, It may, I think, be said withont challenge that in no corresponding period has so much been done as during the last four years for the ben- efit of American agricultare. ‘A NATIONAL QUARANTINE, ‘The subject of quarantine regulations, in- spection and control was brought suddenly to my attention by the arrival at our ports in Au- gust last of vessels infected with cholera, Quar- antine regulations should be uniform at all our ports. Under the Constitution thev are plainly within the exclusive Federal jurisdiction when and 0 far a8 Co: i . opinion the whole subject should be taken into national control, and adequate power given to the Executive to t our people against fecereeoecaee ‘approved ions establishing a twenty- isemuriea an ears bringing grants from foreign ports. ‘This order will be continned in force. Some loss and suffering be a crime. BENJI. HARRISON, Execcrive Mawsiox, December 6, 1892. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. A Famous French Geologist Praises the Work It Has Done. Prof. Daubree is the most famous geologiat in France. He has long beea inspector general of mines and director of the famous School of Mines in Paris, In a numberof a French journal (Journal Des Sarants), which has only lately reached country, although published some months since, he concludes a series of articles reviewing the werk of the United States geological *urvey. Some of bis conclusious Wil Interest those whe axe rites to ne whether Congress aboli wurvey altogether or set it on ite logs again. ‘The famons Frenchman writes: In briet the United States geological survey under the pow= erfol impulse given to it by the general gdvern= ment hus accompiinhod winich ts very ime rortant aud which has been extremely ably come ducted. It israfe tosay that in no other r= coveries been made 1 0 short a space of tha, ‘On the other hand, this organization, perfect a8 it ix, could not have borne #uch fraite if the distingsished group (pleiade) of sctentiic moe who have teken j art in it bed net constantly ex hibnied a fearies new and a (onactty of purpose an the various inhoeyitable regions where they have worked which recalls the heroism of aa army attacking ditiewt and inaceessible yosition, + * * All these investigations, at the ame time thad bey contribute so eifoctively to te