Evening Star Newspaper, November 9, 1892, Page 3

\ 4 THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1892—TEN PAGES. 7 Some Interesting Statements in President Fall's Report. SAVING BOYS FROM CRIME. Falarge the Snacitation— st of Reformatories Wheretn sneh Expenditures Are Econom feal—The Metiray System. Mr. A. J. Falls, president of the board of trustees of the reform: school of the District of Columbia, has submitied the twenty-third an- Baal report of the board to the Attorney General. ‘The report sare “The sebool was established by Congress twenty-three vears ago. and from that time to the close of the Inst fiscal year there have been Feeeived. educated and cured for 1,717 boys. Atthe beginning of the present fiscal year there were 206 boys in the school, a larger nnm- ber than was ever before received. During the there were 116 boys seut tb the | me Court of the District ; ef Columbia, 19; by the United States courts, | under authority of the Attorney General, 11; by the Police Courts of the District of Colum- | bia, 71, and committed by the president of the | board of trusters, 15. “Received on first commitment. 96: received | en second commitment, 20. ‘The maximum mber in the school daring the fiscal year was nimam number, 131: the average 201. This average is larger than ever before attained in the school. The number of boys discharged during the year is as follows: | Br the board of trustees under the rules of the school. 104: by change of sentence of court, absent withont leave, 6: died, 1. i BUT FEW DEATRS. “Since the organization of the school to the close of the nat fikoal year, the report states, Dut eleven deaths have occurred, being lees than seven-tenths of 1 per cent Dnr-j ing the fiscal year one death occurred, but T regret to that since the close ©f that year another death has occurred. | In doth “eases every care and attention was | given to the boys by the superintendent and | matron (hia wife), by the other officers and the | vending physician, who daily visited them ug their illness. “I submit herewith the re- | pert of Dr. Charles A. Wells, attending physi- cis, and bis recommendations will be carried out by the board.” IN & CROWDED CONDITION. Afver referring to the estimates already pab- lched im Tax Stax the report says: “The school | » sow established is intended for not to exceed | led beyond the limi aul proper discipline. Daily am I called upon | by parents of wayward boys to admit them to/| the school, but my invariable reply must be: | “There is no more room.’ I have been obliged aise to notify the judges of the Pohce and Criminal Courts that the school was full and no m ys could be received. We therefore asked in these estimates for one additional | family building at a coat of $20,000. Five hundred dollars in addition was asked | for pay of teachers. ‘The «um of $3,500 for this | purpose was fixed some years ago. Since then | the population of the school bas largely i creased, another building erected, and addi- tional teachers ba to be employed. To em- ploy them we had to reduce the salaries of the ‘other teachers, Congress failing to make the Recessary appropriations. This was unjust to | ‘them, as the salaries they were then receiving | were «mall enough. We have on several | eecasions urged upon Congress that their | sainries be restored, and we again ask that this ‘small addition be made to the appropriation | for teachers to enable us to do «0. The other ropriations asked for are the mame as those submitted for the last fiseal year, which were Rot provided for. Everything we ask ix abso- Iutely necessary for the health, convenience ‘and proper discipline and management of the school. Our estimates are modest, and it is hoped that they will be granted. MONEY EARNED BY INMATES. “In my interview with Commissioner Doug- Iass in reference to the use of the proceeds of the labor of inmates, which are now covered back into the Treasury of the United States, eme-balf to the credit of the United States and one-half to the credit of the District of Columbia, when I asked that he favor change in the law which would give the school the benefit of such Iabor he was kind enough to say that be would favor such gcbange. I respectfully stato that if thie be done will be a greater incentive to a larger income to the school. We would raise larger crops by the expenditare of more money, which we would have from this source, increase | the workshops in the same manner and thus} be able to reduce our annual estimates to that extent. I trust you, will favorably — pre- sent this matter ‘to Congress at ite next session. If Congross will give | Us permission to use this money for such par- | poses ax repairs, improvements, enlargement of the outer buildings and for other purposes, as | the board of trustees may deem proper and | necessary, we may not have to call upon Con-| grees for things we do now. The amount is| mot la and would not be missed | from treasury of the United States or the District of Columbia, but would be of great value to the school. As it is now, if we undertake to taise agreater revenue, ch revenue must be paid into the treasury of the United States, and we must ask Congress | for an appropriation for more money to do so. | ‘That is, we must ask Congress for an appro- priation to make money to pay back. But by | using the money in the manner proposed we will be able to add to our income not only with @litional expense to the government, by a €rease in our estimates, bat enable ue to em- ploy more boys in useful occupations, This is | most im nt to the school, and the trustees | © that you will make such recom- to Congres Should you do : jd suggest that so much of | the act approved February 25, 1885, en-| an making appropriations to for the expenses of the government of | trict of Columbia for the fiscal year 30, 1586, which requires that ‘all # derived from the labor of inmates (of orm schon m the products of the treasury of the {the United States @ District of Columbia in equal parts,” be repealed. and that the board of trastees be Gutherized to make ae of such revenue for sueb purposes as they aay deem best.” TWO FAMILY NOTLDINGS WANTED. Referring again to the estimates the report cont “After these extimates were «ub- mitted. however, the demand for admissions to the school became greater than ever by the | parents of the buys and by the courte. Daily | eppeals were nade, and the courte arged most strongly ‘that some provision be made o = the = many = wayward boys br before them. In_every | ease the appeals, though most earnest and lrgent. bad to be refused. I had many inter- | hb the Judges of the courts in person. hud to reply that it was utterly mapos. | take more b as we were then erowted beyond oar capacity. The dormi- fortes are so ctewded that it is impos- sible to get another bed in them. The| urgency became so great that the board of trastees had a number of meetings to consider What was best to be done. After mach con-| wnization and comaleration they deemed it best te lay the whole metter before you and the! Commissioners of the District of Coiumbia and | sek for further appropriations. On the 26th of | September the following supplemental esti- | mates were submitted: Two family buildings, | £0,000; ove chapel, $12,000: additional work- | dicing room and kitchen, In submitting these estimates, as directed by the board of trustees, I stated in the com- | manications of that date to you and to the Coraniissioners of the District of Columbia that | they were absolutely necessary to afford fur- ther accommodations at the jl to supply the great azd pressing deman “In addition to what was brought personall; to the attention of the board I have receiv Ietters trom Judge Kimball of the Police Court, the «:perintendent of the work house, the war f the jail and from the clerk of the Police Copies of these letters are herewith ap- Cones pen ied 8 IN THe WORK DOUSE AND Jatt. superintendent of the work house re- of age in that institution on account of there Deine bo room in the reform scbool, and the warden of the jail reports that st that there were twenty-three boys in jail for wan’ geoommodations in the reforn: school. dlerk of the Police Court states that during past fiscal year there were at least 100 boys Pie ij FF = ~~ arn ah A es ‘This makes about 150 boys: Eharged 0° | crowded condition they are uow in. | these places is almost as great as | sults so far justify mueb larger expenditure in ought not to be, because we cannot receive | provide for them. aod | a him #2 ws be othe Jail or work house. Associating, “t, with the most depraved and hard- clues’ of criminals, he coon learns their andcomes out ready for any crime and becomes an expert criminal from the tr the inmates of those a burden upon finding his way to ‘Truly, if a and cents, it would be mor make pfovision for him in our school, where. under proper training, and dis- ciphine, and himane treatment, he will be led m former bubite and grow up a credit to himself, his friend> and parents and an nd- Vantage to the community in which he lives. at view of the matter Owing to the always crowded condi- the school and the tant demands py the parents of the boys and by the courts for admissions the time of boys already therein {x made shorter to make room for others. ‘This is great disadvantage, bat one | that cannot well be now avoided. The bors "4 be retained at the school until) the trustees are entirely satintied that they are Stted by age, reformation and etluca- | tion to go out into the world, with sufficient ex- perience to avoid their past evil companions | and mistakes. It sometimes occars that owing to the short time we are able to keep the boys they drift back into their old habits, and the | good work done for them at the xchool is un- done. “Another very imp is this SICENESS CAUSED BY CROWDING. “The present buildings at the school were erected to contain 150 boys. We now have| more than 200--fiftymore than we really should have. As said before, the dormitories are crowded beyond the limite of health, aafety and | good order. Some time since we had a severe | Visitation of typhoid fever, from which one boy died. The disease stil lingers, caused, as our physician says, by the overcrowded condition of our dormitories, and he has strongly urged | that no more boys be received in the echool until the namber now there shall be materially reduced, and urges that never again they per- mit the dormitories to be in the over- He | reports that we will always be Mable to attacks | of alike character Just #0 long as we permit this condition of things. Contrary to the rules | of the school, the laws of hygiene and morals, in many instances two boys have been required to occupy the same small single ved. It is un- | necessary for me to say one word as to the great impropriety of this evil. It ts, therefore, eas: to see that accommodations are needed for 200 | more boys, now on the community, in the jxil or work house or overcrowding onr dormito- ries, and if these buildings are given to us they will’ be filled almost as soon as completed. | The serious alternative is presented, shall these | boys be sent to the reform scitool, educated, | cared for, tanght useful occupations end made good citizens or permitted to fill the streets and crowd the jail and work house? This | ism very serious question and mu now be met. As before enid, dail am Tas president of the board obliged to re- fuse admittance to school to parents of wayward bors, and in many instances boys whose parents have come to me have been sent to the Jail or | work house because our school.could not re-! ceive them. The ex; of keeping them in} eeping them in the school. “The District of Columbia is rapidly increas- ing in population; and crime and wayward boys are keeping pace with its growth. When our buildings were erected many years ago they sufficed for the then population of the District of Columbia; but now the population of the District has more than doubled, and we simply ask that the accommodations of our school be doubled to meet the requirements of society. “It may be said that the sum asked is large. It may look large, but measured by the num- ber of boys who may be saved from a life of crime and the large amount of money that would be saved in their future prosecution if not sent to the school the amount is small. It is far better to reform a boy and make hima ‘ood citizen at any cost than to permit him to turned outa criminal and punish and sup- port him, perhaps, for life.” cost OF MAINTOXENCE. ‘The report gives the results of correspond- ence with the superintendents of a number of reformatory institutions with a view to ascer- taining the comparative cost of maintenance. As shown byit, the average cost per inmate annum in forty-seven institutions was Gisatt. the lowest was al the house of reformation for colored boys, at Cheltenham, Mé., which was 87.09. ‘The highest was ut the reform school at Booneville, ‘Mo., $858.41. Owe institation, the Cathotie tory at Westchester, N. » has over 000 inmates. Two others have between 1.000 and 2,000. The reformatory at Elmira, and ' the imatitutions at Deer Island, Mase., between 500 and 1,000, the other institutions containing 500 or less inmates. The salaries of superintendents range from $500 to $5,000 per annum. The largest salary list is at the Massachusetts reformatory, being $60,- 007.48; but at this institution I am informed the officers maintain themselves. ‘The pro rata expense of the District school was $204.90. Allowing credit for the amount covered into the treasury, derived from the labor of inmates, the pro Fata is reduced to $191.18. ‘This is less by $1.98 than the general average, that average being $193.17 per annum per inmate. In point of expenditure, without this credit, the school stands No. 16, but allowing credit for the amount paid into the treasury it stands No. 22. It will be borne in mind, the report says that » larger number of inmates can be «np- ported at a less ratio of expense than a smaller amber. “I have visited many similar institutions throughout the United States,” says President Falls, but in none of them have I found the in- mates better fed, clothed and careé for than in our school. “The aggregate cost may to many seem large; but money spent for preventing crime and re- forming the criminal is in small proportion to want it would cost to maintain the sxme popu- | lation if ity criminal tendencies were not ebecked. From an economical standpoint alone m so spent is » profit to the state. fe bes been well “eid by sncther: ‘Every state thet makes ber criminals prisoners iv unmindful of her duty if she | neglects to employ the best means for their reformation.” atory institutions are right; and while they ms be improved they will never be displaced. They are doing « good work, which is steadily grow- ing in the appreciation of thoughtful peo- le and strengthening those concerned fa" “their “administration in ‘the de- monstration that their efforts are | in the right direction, and their results valuable.’ The atount,’ $198.78 pro rata cost per annum, is not large for maintaining and educating ‘these - delinquents and employing means for their reformation. Do not the re- this direction? LRGIRLATION NEEDED. “Some additional legislation, it is thought by the board of trustees, is necessary for the | proper management and discipline of the school. On several occasions a bill has been introduced in Congress giving the trustees authority to discharge boys during their minority and re- | turn them to the school when it is shown that they have not condutted themselves properly, or have not suimble homes or situations. At- tention is again invited to this, and as a bill for this purpose was introduced at the last session of Congress and referred to the committee on the District of Columbia, where it is still pend- ing. I reapectfully ask that you invite attention to it aud urge favorable act “It is with pleasure,” the says, “that the trustees again report that schook with the exception of ita overcrowded condition and the disease incident thereto, was never in better or more rous condition. The offi- cers apparently vie with each other in bringing ‘about this result, The school was never better oficered than at present—all faithful and willing, discharging their duties. which are "most trying, grave and responsible, in = manner most satisfactory to the trustees and creditable to themselves, kindly and humanely winning the confidence, affec- Hon and respect of the boys under’ their charge. ‘THR METTRAY SYSTEM, Refererce is made to the fact that this school was modeled upon the famous Mettray agri- cultural ¢olony near Tours, France. “Wher our school was first established,” Mr. | Falls adds, “‘it was the intention of the trustees , to divide it into families of not more than fifty boys cach. In this respect it was intended to adhere jo article 7, title 2, of the Mottray by- | laws, uader the heading ‘of “Internal Rules, | Measure of Security, &c.” It will beseen by ‘this article that the colony is divided into fam- ilies living in separate houses, each family con- sisting of forty inmates, divided into two sections of twenty each. The system of | dividing "up the school into small ilies highly commended at large, in the jail or in the work house, where | THE REFORM SCHOOL. ™ jo Worse use canbe made of a boy than to ‘laws of thie institution and’ours, wil, to pers | | and when he finds they have not, or for a ward boys in the District of Columbia, Congress is urged to make liberal appropriations. HEALTH OF THE DISTRICT. MURDER WILL ovuT. “An examination and comparison of the by- | A Material Decline in the Death List Last | Evidences of Crimes Committed Thousands rons interes.ed in the work, be found interest- ing, and special attention i: invited thereto. ~] am indebted to Monsieur Cluge, the director of the Mettray colony, for the copies of the re- vised bylaws of that institution. In July last 1 wrote to him asking for information in refer- ence thereto. He kindly sont me the bylaws with « hy communication, a copy of which is herewith appended, ‘marke inbit From the communication it will be seon that since the founding colony it hax received 6,607 ted by law and 2,000 others committed by their parents, Under the acts of Congress relating to our school delinquents can be sent through the courts for violations of law, and by the president of the board of trustees for incor- Tigibility. At the date of Monsieur Cluge's letter there were 600 inmates in that institution 550 committed for violations of law and 50 by their parents—about the same proportion ax in our school “These inmates are allowed dednctlonsof time for good conduct, as Monsieur Cluge states, the same asin our school. Mousieur Cluge ‘also states thet they follow the inmates after their discharge, an agent visiting theta frequently, ro that they are continually informed as to their conduct. ‘They also havo the right, under the Mettray wentles commit- the law, to recall to the ‘colony mch as in their opinion have no uitable homes or employment or are disposed not to do well. We have frequently urged upon Congress—as will be seen in a number of our previous reports, and as t4 men- tioned in this report elsewhere—the necessity of giving us the power of returning to the school bors who have been to the school, but who are liable to go astray again, When our school shall have increased in population— ox it must—and Congress, rough its liberality, enlarges its accommodations, it will be vers desirable to adopt the Mettray plan of having an agent of the school to visit at | stated intervals discharged bors and see how they have condneted themselves, whether they have suitable homes and proper employmen reason, they may be returned to the school during their minority. The importance of legisintion upon this subject by Congress is most obvious. ‘e have written at some length in regard to the Mettray colony, because, is built upon its foundation, and if Congress will give us the means of carrying out the orig- inal intentions of the board of trustees, and will allow us to more closely follow our model, our school, although now standing in the front rank of similar institutions, wilt assume the position of standing for usefulness gecond to none throughout the -sarld, and will become @ model for others to build upon.” _— SHOOTIN« STARS. » that enowshonld + into a place er-heated elec It is perhaps not remarkab melt as fast a4 it falls wh: that has just been thro tion experience. Lot all the merry-maki The recent viet'ry note And greet no more with quip or gibe ‘The lettere Grover wrote, tribe It is evidently to be an open winter. Even the election was not clos He stood all night and hollered And he whooped ‘em np ngain, As he listened to the cutcome of the vote, But now he eveu whispers With an evidence of pain, And he wears a piece of flannel ‘round his throat. The third party can now get ready to stake | out another claim. It may have been that the popnlar chord was struck by the returns last night, but the vocal chord plainly monopolized the situation. OVERSHADOWED AT LAST. While voters make the weikin ring Plant worshipers are dumb; Election is a bigger thing ‘Than the chrysanthemum! Uncle Jerry Rusk is evidently an admirer of realism. He hax placed real snow at the dis- powal of people who were snowed under, sinatertiameote PINE RIDGE INDIANS HAPPY, One Who Recently Visited Them Says ‘There is No Fear of Trouble. “Tam thoroughly satisfied that a1 with the Sioux, especially those at Pine Ridge, ia w long way off,” eaid “Col. J: A. George of this city to a Stan reporter tod: have been among them for some months past and they seem to be well satisfied. Especially are they pleased with thgir agent, Capt. Brown. He is constantly on the go and visite all the dis- tricts in pervon. Under his direction many material improvements have been made. A sawmill and shingle mill will soon be in opera- tion and these will be freely patronized by the Indians, mixed bloods and squaw men who de- sire to build houses. One of Gen. Crook's fa- mous oid sconts—Baptiste Pourior (better known as Big Bat), has jast cotapicted « two- story eight-room house that would be a credit toany man. A windmill and tank supply every room in his home with water. Looks a little like civilization. “At the agency new buildings have been or are being erected. and some of the more antique have been retitted and generally improved. “Individual Indians are doing lots of work. Last month they turned in to the government, and were paid therefor about £25,000 worth of | beef cattle. Some of the steers weighed over 1,400 pounds. Much of the money that changed hands has found ite way into the banks in the towns on the railroad. “Just as J was coming away Maj. Burke and the Buffalo Bill Sioux who* had been to Eu- rope returned to the reservation, Every Indian looked well and declared himself to be happy. The major saw they got home safely. “The most pressing need on the reservation now isa flouring mili. Wheat and oatem con- siderable quantities have been raised daring the past season, and moro wheat would have been grown had the mill been there to convert it into flour. don't see how there could be any trouble there now. There is real contentment in all the camps.” : Equiry Covrt—Judge Bradley. Today—-Coltman agt Moore; trustee author- ized to sell and convey. Heas agt. Horton; check in lien of security for costs allowed. Holmes agt. Brady; appearance ordered. Wal ter agt. Knox: do. ‘Same agt. Bieber; do. Count 1x Gexenat Term—Judges Hagner and James. Today—United States agt. Devlin: appeal dismissed. Lucas agt. McGowan; do. _Offut ; submitted. Hoffecher agt. Moon; t. Edwards: appeal dismissed. oung; petition for rehearing. Cmevit Covnt—Judge Bradley. Today—I. P. Childs agt. J. Lyon, C. H. Raub & Co. agt. R.C. Holtzman, P. H. Heis- kell, jr., & Co. agt. J. H. Owens and Western National Bank agt. J. 8, Boss et al; judgme.t oy default, aes A Question of Jurisdiction. To-day in Judge Kimball's court the case of Frederick Rose, charged with violating an old act of the levy court in selling on Sunday, was called and Mr. Tobriner, counsel for the defendant, made a motion to quash the infor- mation and he also entered a plea to the juris- diction of the court, arguing that the court had no jurisdiction in’ the case. Judge Kimball said ke had not looked into the matter and he continued the case, reserving his decision. —_——— Marriage Licenses. Marriage licenses have been issued by the clerk of the court to the following: F. W. Ridgway and Ella V. Barnes; James F. Heines and Georgie 8. Brockett; Julius P. Militzer and Catharine Meehan Roth; Edward T. Kaiser and Kate B. Taliaferro, both of Madison Ya.; John T. Bohrer of Montgo1 ‘county, Md., and Sarah E. West; Thomas Walker and teyivania, county, county, i if Week. | Health Officer Hammett presents the follow- | ing report for week ending November 5: Num- | °“D BATTLES REVEALED—SoMETHING ABOUT THE | ber of deaths, 95; white, 63; colored, 82. Death | rate per 1,090 per annam—White,18.7; colored, | 19.5. Total population; 19.0. Twenty-seven | were under 5 years of age, 20 were under 1| | year and 19 over 60 years. Twenty-five of the | deaths occurred in hospitals and public institu- | tions, The deaths by classes were as foltows— | Zsmotic, 15; constitutional, 19; local, 47; de- velopmental, 10; violence, 4. ‘The principal | canses of denth were—Croup, 1; diphtheria, consumption, 14; diarrheal, 4; typhoid | fever, 3; malarial fever, 3; pneumonia, 3; con- ation of the Inngs, 4; bronchitis, 2; kidney | iseasos, 8: meningitis, 1; cancer, 1.’ Births re- | ported —23 white males, 17 white femalon: 17 colored males, 14 colored females. Marriages | reported--26 white; 8 colored, Concerning the | report Dr. Hammett says: j “There was another material decline in the | death list for the week ended on Saturday last. The number of deaths fell from 111 to 95, and | the death rate from 22.0 to 19.0 ax compared with the preceding week. The magnitude of | | this difference of 3 in the annual death rate ix passions unrestrained. Women must have sui easily to be comprehended when it ts seen to C ered then more than at any subsequent period, represent a saving to nigh 800 lives if continued through the year. The improved health condi- | tons “are farther to be underatood when it is noted that the number of deaths for the cor- responding week of Inst year was 125, and the death rate 26.0, thus giving a difference of 30 in | Rumber, equal to a decline of 27 per cont. With the exception of fatal kidney diseases there was an improvement along the whole | line. Typhoid fever fell from 6 to $ and pnet- | monia from 11 to 3. | “While this gratifying improvement in the | state of the public health is ehown the reported | death of one person from ‘grip,’ or catarrhal | influenza, would indicate the presence of the | | exciting cause of this dread malady. Four deaths from this divense during last woek in | New York city attracted the notice of the health Aepartment of that city #0 far aa to call forth a warning to the public to take care of their | | ‘colds’ and to avofd all excesses and exposure to extremes of weathe: = ALEXANDRIA | Correspordonce of The Evening Star THE NIONT OF THE ELECTION. | Alexandria was wide awake last night until | after midnight, and the night editions of Tur Star as well as the assemblages at the opera house, music ha!l and other places made an- | | nouncements of election news. As a large ma-| jonity of Alexandria voters had given their suf- ‘rage to Mr. Cloveland the news gave satisfac- tion to most people, but there were no | tumultnons extubitions of jubilee. | In 1872 there waa a tie in Alexandria between | | Grant and Greeley, euch candidate receiving | 1,334 votes, dince ‘that time there has been | democratic majoritios at every presidential | lelection. In 1588 Cleveland's ‘majority over | | Harrison was 142, but as anticipated in THE | | Svan yesterday the democrats made great gains | here at this election and Cleveland's majority is | over $00, OF0. POULTOX SnOOTS WM. RUST. Geo. Poulton, a white man, said to be from Washington, shot a colored man named Wm. | ust on the Leesburg road near the old toll | fo vesterday afternoon, Rust is said to be} very budly wounded. Poulton was brought to this city and is held for the Fairfax county au- | thorities. | ‘THE CONFEDERATE CEMETERY, Mt, Bethel Ceruetery Company has presented 4 lot in theircemetery,on the southwest edge of | | the town, to Lee Camp of Confederate Veter- ans, The camp has purchased an additional | lot, and-a confederate soldier's cemetery will be | established there for the burial of such’ ex-con- federates as have no family lots. NOTES. The city committee on the poor is now re- ceiving bids at the auditor's office for the sup- plies of fuel, groceries, &c., during the coming winter. The circuit court of the county, Judge Keith, opened today at the Columbus street court house for civil business. The Alexandria Water Company has re- elected its officers and declared the annual dividend, $2.50 per share. Soe NO MORE TA-KA-RA-BOOM-DE-AY. Little Girls Dosed With Cayenne Pepper for Singing That Classic Song. Voice culture in the Boys’ and Girls’ Aid So- ciety in San Francisco has met with a serious vetback, Four little girls were detected warb- ling an unexpurgated version of “Ta-ra-ra- boom-de-ay.”” Superintendent David Heap and the matron, Miss Board, decided to discourage such lyric renditions, It was just at eupper | time. "Miss Board got the pepper box, and as the culprits ranged up alongside the supper table Mr. Heap said: “Now, then, girls, shut your eyes and open your mouths.” The songsters did #0, and upon each tongue | that imd warbled the bad words was dumped a| teaspoonful of cayenne pepper, fresh from the box. Rather tropical treatment that, but it roved effective. Each girl was made to swal- low her portion of pepper. Tears gushed from the eyes of the little sufferers, who all declured that they would never sing anything but Sun- day school songs. Then they were given their suppers and sent to bed. They have since cooled off, and now regard the whole matter as a joke. It wax through the running away of one of the victims of Mr. Heap’s “moral lesson” that the story came out. This runaway was Bertha Gallach, a bright little German-Spanish girl, aged fifteen. On Sunday evening, the night after the treatment, Bertha ran away and wan- dered abont the Potrero for two days and nights with her mouth thrown open to the cooling breezes. It was the fear of another dose that temptod the girl to flight, and she then only surrendered to the police when driven to doso by hunger. Annie MeCormick, aged sixteen, accompanied Bertha on the exeurston to the Potrero. Annie was not a member of the class that received the “great moral lesson.” Her reason for ranning away is a good recommendation for the home. She snys that her mother is dying at the County Hospital, her father ix a drunkard and that her little brother is running about the streets in rags. “Iran away to fetch him to the home,” she vaid, “where I knew he would be well treated.” 00 GRIEF AS A BASIS OF SWINDLING. Friends of Dead Congressman McDonald Called on by “Congressman Pierson,” Congressman Pierson of Chicago was the name given by a well-dreaed and fine-looking middle-aged man, who attempted a contempti- ble swindle in Harrison, N. J.,on Monday evening. Say that Speaker tend the funeral of Congressman E. F. Me- Donald and to deliver the oration. In con- versation he spoke of the Congressman as « bosom friend, and was very eympathetic. He Visited the home of the widow and received every consideration. ‘The common council was session in the evening, and the stranger went to the Town Hall, where he made a good im- pression. He announced that Mrs. McDonald was in straitened circumstances, and that be Sapgoins to head s enbscription for her with 1, {tis understood that he managed to collect some money from saloon keepers and others, but he meta difficulty when he proposed to Brewer Peter Hauck that he should give $1,000. Mr. Hauck’s suspicions wero awakened and he questioned the stranger, whose utter ignorance of Washington and affairs of the House of Representatives quickly betrayed him. He as sumed an air of injured innocence, but man- aged to get out of the hall of Mr. Hauck’s house before he was kicked out. He ran swiftly after ark car. It is said that the scamp iso Newarkor named Bierce. ‘The Harrison Common Council and the Kear- ney township committee condolence and sympatby with Mrs. McDonald. Mrs, McDonald and the baby, which was born on Saturday, are both doing well. —_+oo—_____ There was much enthusiasm manifested in the election on both sidesat Bladensburg yes- torday, but the best of order prevailed and no disturbance occurred at the polls, There are 456 registered voters in the district and out of that number 518 votes were cast, The vote was | But for thetr sex it might be supposed that of Years Ago. FIGHTS, CRIMES AND LOVES OF THE CAVE DWELLERS OF LONG AGO—WHAT THEY ATE AND HOW THEY FOUGHT—A COMMON SURGICAL OPERATION. 66) URDER WILL OUT,” So IT I8 SAID. The statement is not wholly true, inas- much as slayers of men do ina large propor- tion of instances escape unpunished and even undetected. But how strange it scems that the science of the present day, acting the detec- tive's part, should unearth positive evidence of murders committed on individuals who died, perbaps, not less than 100,000 years ago. The caves of southern France, which once were occupied as dwellings by primeval man, sield proofs of scores of murders in most re- mote antiquity. Those guilty of these crimes were doubtless indifferent to detection, inas- much asin the cerly stages of human develop- ment there was no law save physical strength. In that epoch men gave way to their brutal owing to their muscular inferiority. ‘That this is true is proved by evidence which has sur- vived hundreds of centuries, for in the very caves referred to are discovered the remains of many murdered women, testifying to the fact. In the famous cave at'Cro-Magnon was found @ woman # skull with a cutin the forehead three inches long, evidently made by a flint hatchet. ‘The weapon penetrated the frontal bone and | caused death, but the victim did not die imme- diately from the wound. She lingered for some weeks at all events, as is shown by the fact that partial healing took place. In a cave at Sordes among many human bones bearing scars was | dag up the skull of a woman with a gaping hole in it. She mast have beer: instantly killed A similar skull of « woman was found in a ca at Challes, in Savoy, with a fracture that war unquestionably made by a flint instrument. Of nincteen skulls obtained from « primeval sepul- chre at Vaureal two show traces of wounds in- flicted by human hands. One, that of a woman, hns three fractures. Unquestionably they were not all inflicted at the same time, fnasmuch as two of them exhibit signs of healing. The un- fortunate recovered from these only to succumb toa third blow. TRACER OF BATTLES. Unmistakably these women were murdered. they perished in fight as did eo many of the men who lived in those times. The struggle for existence umong human beings then must have been erce and bloody. ‘They were hardly more than wild animals provided with artificial weapons and cunning of a superior order. Doubtless their contentions were most fre- quently for the posession of the femalesof their kind who were the prize of battle and the prop erty of the strongest. One primeval sepulchre was found to contain the skeletons of thirty men, all of them strongly made, piled closely Together with the bones were seventy-three flint arrew heads and spear heads, which pre- | sumably were sticking in the bodies when they | were interred. These must have been warriors | who perished in some battle. Another cave at Gourvan has yielded a number of crania and | jaws, which were broken by blunt weapons. Hundreds of other skeletons of the cave dwell ers of antiquity have been unearthed in a simi- lar condition, the bones, in many cates, being transfixed by weapons of flint. In one instance askuil contained three arrow-heads, a fourth arrow being lodged between the vertebre. In fact, thewe caves are filled with evidence of homicidal struggles among the distant cestors of the human beings of today. From the sume sources proofs are supplied that canni- balisin provailed in that distant epoch. Scat- tered about the ancient hearth. where meals were cooked uncounted thonsands of years ago, are ever so many bones of men, women and children, bearing not only traces of fire, but the marks of instruments employed to split them lengthwise for the purpose of getting at the marrow. Particularly in winter primeval man was obliged to rely mainly on flesh for food. Never having conceived the notion of domesticating the horse he utilized that animal toa large extent as an articlo of diet. Rein- deer, which were then very plentiful in south- ern Europe, were likewise a favorite prey. ‘The remains of 8,000 reindeer have been discovered ina single cave. At Solutre, on a hillside, the bones of not fewer than 40,000 horses form ac- cumulations which are known to this day as the ‘horse walls.” Many of these equine bones show traces of burning. ANIMALS AND ORNAMENTS, Even at that time man considered himself monarch of creation, not hesitating to en- counter contemporary wild beasts far more formidable than any which exist now. Great cats twice the size of modern Bengal tigers and roportionately ferocious were numerous, Tenmothe, thinoceroses and hippopotami roamed abroad. More terrible, perhaps, than any of these was the great cave bear, double the size of the grizzly. With these bears, as well as with the mighty tigers and fierce ‘hyenas, the people of that early period were compelled to dispute possession of the caves. That they did so successfully there is no doubt, as ia roved by the thousands of gnawed bones of Bears and giant cata discovered In the caren, Mingled with the samo sort of kitchen refuse are numerous shells of mollusks and bones of carp, trout, chub, tench and other fishes of species which now populate the rivers and lakes of the same region. Fish hooks were made from bears’ teeth, boars’ tusks and flint, ‘The cave man doubtless went stark naked in warm weather. Modesty is not a natural in- stinet and education alone develops it. He was none the less fond of decorating his person with ornaments, made of bright shells most commonly, One necklace has been found com- ozed of the teeth of three lions and forty cave ears, Bracelets and garters of shell and bone were also worn, Necklaces were sometimes made of human teeth, and two skeletons have been dug up with such adornments around their necks, A favorite style in jewelry waa to string together dives of bones cut out of human skulle, “Skulls were likewise employed for drinking vessels and human thigh bones for flutes, A woman’s radius,formed into a stiletto, hax been discovered, ‘These primeval people were acquainted with the art of trepanning and so many of their skulls have been found thus treated ax to sug- gest the notion that they may have regarded it asa religious rite. It is practiced as such among the Kabyles today. ‘The Papuans and the natives of certain South Sea islands perform this sort of operation commonly, considering it efficacious for many complaints, Among the mountaineers of Montenegro it is said to be rare to meet man who has not been trepanned at least seven or eight times. Six trepanned skulls have been found in the caves at Baumes- Chaudes in France. The usual practice seems to have been to cut a piecefrom another skull and insert it in place of the part cut away from the skull of the patient. Trepanning is not dangerous. ‘The reason why it ix nearly always followed by death nowadays is that it is only attempted in desperate cases, and the fatal re- sults are due not to the operation itself, but to the trouble on account of which itis performed. Written for The Evening Star. A CLOSE CALL, An Exciting Incident in the Life of a Mining Superintendent. “I only remember being thoroughly fright- ened one time in my life,” said my friend Everton, as we sat smoking together one night in my bachelor room at ab house. On atable near us stood a bottle of bloater paste, some crackers and several bottles of beer, ready to be consumed at any moment the spirit When Everton spoke of being frightened I brushed the ashes from my cigar and looked him over. Tall, broad shouldered, with pierc- ing gray eyes and a light mustache, he certainly did not look like @ man easily scared. é HE i 5 RE pee EE gE? walked through the woods on my way to the Thad even taken out my re- volver and looked it over, thinking it might be | well to have it ready at call. I suddenly came upon a wagon, drawn by «stout pair of mules and driven vy'old Lem Hopkins, a hewor of wood and drawer of anything he could get his hands on, even, some said, without the knowl- | edge of the rightfal owner. By courtesy he | ‘was a white man, but long generations of stro: coffee drinkers and fat meat eaters had bande; down to Lem a rich legacy in the way of « com- plexion. “Good morning, Lem,"-I said, very politely. “‘Ompb!” This,” as nearly as I can spell was his answer, uttered in atone half growl, half grunt. * ‘Somebody killed up your way,’ I esid, as suming the gay tone of the localit, ‘Umph!" The inflection held anquiry. “Old Hank Watson and his son shot through and through like « couple of sieves. Thev couldn't hold a drop of whisky if you pamped it in ‘em by the gallon.” I thought this a very | neat effort on my part,as the Wa‘ ns were t drinkers, and I Lem lived next door o then and had shared in many a night's sport | He moved a plug of tobacco from one check to | the other. Je* want any wood "t the mine this week?" I answered in the negative. Whereupon he | whipped up bir team and rattled of down the | road without another word. [ heard afterward that he went to see the tattered remnants of bis friends with the rest of the crowd aud that bi only comment was upon the artistic thoroug! ness and neatness of the Job and an inquiry as | to who did it, s | “But as to the time Iwas frightened. Wel thore was a rule at the minos that no shootir was allowed on the works. Among auch a mixed class of men aa we had to deal with exch a law | was imperative. One morning, the head of the company having been called away on business, I found myeelf in control temporarily. To m surprise about the middle of the forenoon pistol shot rang out on the air. I immediately | walked to the door of the office and looked around. gAbout 100 yards up the track stood oup of four men, whom I recognized at once | 8 four of our miners, und some of the worst suspicion of men on the works. They were evidently look- quence, one of the most popular of familiar | tone i “When rheumatic people | ut ing for a reprimand, as their faces were turned | toward me. There was only one course for me | If peacocks and guinea fowls scream and turkeys gobble, and if quails make more noise than usual, rain. If sea birds tly toward land and land birds toward the sea, rain If the cock crows morethan usual and earlier, expect oe if swallows fly lower than usual, . If bate flutter and beetles fy about, there will be fine weather. If birds in general pick their feathers, themecives and tly to their nests, rain. Some of the queerest miscellaneous quips re- ceived ure to the effect that: | If there are no falling stars to be seen ona | ved from the wool of sheep, bright summer's evening you may look for fine | Used nowadays for he weather If there be many falling stare on a clear evening in the summer, there will be thunder. A rainbow iu the morning is the ehepherd's warning. If the marigolds continue abut after 7 o'clock in the evening. expect rain. If fish bite more readily and gambol near the surface of pon: streams, then look out for rain. if porpoises and whalexsport about ship hurricane. The moon, of course, is the subject of many of the best weather predicti Great dence is placed tu the old prognostic ye And Ttearwe come t harm Tt is also said of the moon that “if the new | tighter'« oon appears with the points of the creace: turned up, the month will be dry. are turned down it will be wet. One weather Hitira fet the moon appears, if then she shrouds = ¥ ous then abe shine, x the moon, ber revolving rece be wholly run, Are void of fempests both by land and sea. Poet pats the caso of the mgon | cond- | | A good many old housowives still remain | their own weather prophets, and, as a conse- weather sayings is: complain of more than ordinary pains in their to pursue, so I puton my hat and walked up | J°ts, it will rain.” Another home-made barom- | to th E eter is the tender corn or sensitive tooth, whore | em. They watched my “*Who fired that shot?’ I eaid when I reached them. “One of them laughed contemptuonsly. He | was a man with fivelives to account for to hi | Creator. | ‘I did that shooting, Mr. Everton * he eaid defiantly and sullen!s. ell, are you wcquainted with the rule that positively forbids shooting on these works, or | ven't vou been here long enough to learn it?’ ‘This was sarcasm on my part, as the man w: an old band, always at the mine except when the sheriff was on his track, when he would di appear for nwhile and return when the excite- ment blew over. ‘He made no reply to my question bey abort laagh, | “Without thinking I put my hand in my hip pocket, though the instant I had done it I knew | had made a mistake. | ~* ‘You needn't put yer hand back there, Mr. Everton,’ he said, sneeringly; ‘we all kno ye've got a pistol.” ¥ well,’ I said; ‘just observe I don't use| it on the works, and keep your own in your pocket. The first men who shoots aguin iv din- charged.” “I turned short on my heel, and with my back to thein T walked leisurely away. “I had not gone half the distance to my office, when a bullet whizzed past me and ploughed the ground in front of me. I paid no attention to if; but ifever a man’s heart leaped, mine did.’ [knew that the sender of that’ bullet would as soon put one in me as stick his fork in adish of cabbage. I walked at exactly the same leisurely pace till I reached the office, and } if ever I enjoyed the other side of « closed | door, it was then and there. Itook a pull of | the old stuff, congratulated myself on being alive, and dispatched a mun privately for the | sheriff, who searched the works and the country | around. high and low, and found no more trace of the desperado than if he had never been. 1, never heard of him again, as I came away not long after. Did he mean to shoot me? I don’t know. But it was a close enough call for me. Open up a bottle, old man.” And then we fell to. coseaee tt TESS WEATHER PROVERBS, roach coolly. | The Signal Service Bureau Making » Col! lection of Old Saws. From the Philadelphia Times. The movement which has for its end the col- lection of all the weather proverbs of the United States is, in this section of the country, in charge of L.M. Dos, the good natured and genial weather prophet on the top story of the post office building. The work ix undertaken under orders issued from Washington by Prof. Mark W. Harrington, the chief of the weather bureau, Orders have been issued to all the weather observers throughout the United Btates, who are to request the ¢o-operation of the pub- | Jie and all pervons familiar with saws or sayings | concerning the weather to send them to the | weather department. The bulk of the proverbial prognostication already known to exist are based upon the action of birds, beasts, fish and insects, and rauch has been done toward a scientific expla- | nation of some of these. It has been found | that the i of aquecus vapor in the at- mosphere is indicated by ite effect upon the | animal and vegetable world. Animale are ob- | werved to become restless before rain, and plants and trees also indicate change in the relative humidity of the surrounding atmos- phere by the expansion and contraction of their leaves or flowers. Such changes are true signa | of atmospheric variations, and it is these facts that the trite weather sayings embody. Those popular savings referring to years, | months, weeks, dkc., are nut considered of any real value in determing the weather forecasts of the periods named, and it is in this respect that it is hoped for more valuable hints from | the prognostics based on plants and animals. | The ablest meteorologists of today. aided by the most perfect meteorological instruments nd the results of years of accurate inatrnmen- tal observation, are still unabie to give retiable forecasts of the weather foralonger period than two or three days, and frequently no longer than twonty-four houre. Itts thought that a more accurate observation of the condi- | nm of plants or the condition and action of aninals might lead to some valuable suggestion in this important field of investigation. Observer Der states that, while as yet there has been no deluge of weather wisdom in the form of poetr¥ or prose, he has, nevertheloss, received a number of quaint observations that have been piaced on file to be forwarded to Washington when completer returns are in. Among the first replies to his letter of re- quest wore the following, dogyerel lines from professor in Hamilton College, New York, who A coming storm your shooting sors 7 And aches will throb, your hollow tooth will rage, __ Mr. Dos, when questioned yesterday regard- ing the book to be gotten out, said: “*This is the first book the bureau has gotten out on this subject for ten years. It is now intended, if possible, to supplement the book gotten out then. It must be dist: understood that the government forecas! such thing as weather prove “These proverbs are for the most part a mat- ter of curious information, although » portion of them are really based on'true meteorological conditions, and those, if gotten together, may be of some service to observers of the.weather whero instrument and chart are not at hand, copneetion with the weather hasbecu ably stated | | tho | | | 1 such as farmers and sailors, who have no means | of studying a more scientific method of fore- cast.” Mr. Dey says that in foreign countries a good deal more account is made by the weather authorities of these popular sayings, aud that some few of such prognostications would reaily be of material hetp in cases of doubtful and an- certain conditions, see WRINKLES REMOVED To ORDEK. Fresh Processes for Making Old People Look Younger. 66 PHYSICAL CULTURE FOR BEAUTY IS a science of the future,” said a fashion- able Washington physician to @ writer for Tue Stan, “Already important advances have been made in this line of discovery, some of which I will mention to you presently. But the time will come when young women will be regularly reared from childhood for pulchritude. Even now that idea is being followed ont to some extent by the athletic and hygienic training of girls from their earliest years. There is no Possible doubt of the fact that the female of our species is a handsomer creature today than ever before in the history of the world. Never has prettiness in the fair sex been #0 common, I might say usual, in youth as now, Parther- more, what may be called the season of beauty in women is extending progressively beyond | | the period of mere girlhood, and physical ‘than hitherto. MAKING BEAUTIES TO ORDER. | charms aro preserved until later periods of life “So far has the knowledge in these matters and turned into a beauty. such a result can always be obtained from an; raw material, but it can often be done. Taki sallow, freckled child, all bands and fect and ankles, subject her to proper conditions for health and development. and she may suddenly burst into loveliness. Her skin becomes clear, » gains flesh, and with the roundness appro- priate to youth shencqutres grace. What! have called beanty culture need’ not be confined to perpetuating and making the most of physical charms. It should be able to create them also within certain limitations, You are probably aware that nowadays surgical art is able even to alter the shape of the nose so as to transform a bad feature into a good one. looks have been lost it is often prac restore them in a degree. WRINKLES. “For example, there is scarcely anything #0 destructive of beauty as wrinkles, Methods cable to for removing wrinkles have been discovered, so | that those unpleasant signs of advancing age | can be got rid of to acertain extent. You must remember that wrinkles come from a variety of causes. They commonly signi the skin to fall into lines and folds, or the mus- cles themselves may lore in bulk. When an over-ripe orange begins to dry up, the coutrac- tion of its substance makes its skin assume « wrinkled appearance all over. A like phenom- enon you can also frequently observe in the face of an old man or old woman, or in the hands of elderly perrons. The wrinkling of a dried-up apple strikingly resembles that of a huma: -ause ix practically the same, being the shrink- ing of the flesh beneath in both cases, NOT FROM AGE ALONE. “However, wrinkles are not caused by age | alone. They are produced by sickne 7 ee ee aches |= regarded a# a mystery, are doubtless | tar. trouble. It often happens that « pretty woman rises from bed after a severe illness to discover with horror that her beauty ix spoiled lines and furrows. Pain quicl mark on the face. For this and other reasons states that the frst and inst couplets at least are supposed to be indigenous to central New York: Trarih main betore niskee ith a mackerel ek; When the eae Yrurts (oll the feather, Look for soakiug weather. : One of the most interesting papers received gives the following on the conditions of the clouds: “The motion, rapid or slow, was regarded as one of the best methods for foretelling the ap- Proach of rain or snow. When there was a iist before the rise of the full moon, if clouds were seen in the west before the sun rose, or there was a mist in the fields before sunrise, wet weather was expected. When the mists yuaint series relates to spiders and and the signs they give of the approach- spiders, in spinning their webs, make the termination filaments long, we may, in propor- tion to the lude that the weather continue so for ten or twelve people are apt to be annoved by such dix ments when youth is hardly passed. Up to the Present time they have been regarded as ir- remediable. Happily, ther are not necessarily #0. On the contrary, ax I have said, much can be done to remove wrinkles. An individual may cron get rid of crow's feet abou: the eres of wrinkles at the corners of the mouth by the aid of afew weeks’ proper treatment. But such Wrinkles as those are occasioned in great moas- ure by habitual muscular movements, whicn naturally produce creases in course of time. Of couree it is the same way with the forehead, which is controlled b; HOW THEY MAY BE REMOVED, “Now, from whatever causes the wrinkles may proceed the method of removing them is the same. It is always based on the theory i = i} ais fi d gone that an ugly little girl may be taken now I do not say that Also when good | a sbrinking of | tissue beneath the skin. It may be merely the | subcutaneous fatty tissue that ebrinks, causing | Deing’s skin in extreme old age. The | by fresh | | the epidermis | tempered by t | ward. | Thus it ha | though other rivers not far away from the flesh, becoming smooth agaia when you rolingmsh your grasp. Thir is be cause the fatty fiaeae connecting the akin with the muscles beneath ix very elastic. rt ws sbrunken by absorption of the fatty matter skin would be wrinkled, just as is apt to be the care with an old man's or old woman's You will observe that fat people do not get se wrinkled when th old as thin p do, simnly because the councctive tissue remains wash | plump. SKIN Poop. “The pecoliar substance I speak of is fat de- It ts sometimes ing to make babies mp by rubbing iton the skin. In the same At is utilized for removing wrinkles in com- process. For be im the shape nod” with off of encalyp- od other ingredients, rubbed aimto the cuticle, sorbed and serving ® subcotancous layer. nee process is what hiefly depended upon to accomplish results perform it properly requires much more {and practice chan ts commonly «apposed. be Operator must have a very fair ec quaintance with . knowing how to ick up each muscle in turn and manipulste No little strength i required also. The young we whom lemploy for my patients has lagers of steel and @ biceps like a prise TIVE Nose, a's nose will have the skin so tightly drawn over it ax to be a dis figurement, t A cartilaginous struc- ture boing too distinctly revealed. Naat defect ern be remedied te or less extent by f wool fat to fatten tissue. My operator tells me has recently been trying some inter- te on a bald-heeded . You will notice that in bald-beaded men the sealp bas often the appearance of being stretched like parchment over the «kal, Im fact, in individuals » sted the soap has bat a fraction of its ordinaty thickness with per- who bave plenty of hair, Nature does consider it worth while to make the soil very deop where there is nothing growing. and #0 the flesh and connective tise under the skin become attenuated. The young lady I refer to has been trying massage on the head of this bald friend of hers. and she tells me. much to her own surprise, a favorable result) has ap- eared in the ebape of a delicate and promiaing fuzz all over the exposed arca. Sometfmes People have their hands crented for the removal of wrinkles; but that is comparatively rare, for the obvious reason that beautiful hands ate not ered 60 important. There ix n new process for the complexion which 1 useful, Tam told. The person operated on subjects ber face to a steam bath, which te sai] to stimulate the skin to healthy action by removing all foreign matter from the I have. never been able to leare af any satisfactory remedy for removing freckles. unless it ix that which ie ood tm the West Indies, whore women obtain for them- selves a brand new cuticle by appl the oil of a certain nut, which destroys. so that they are obliged to re- => WINTER HABITS OF Where the Shad and Other Species Spend the Cold Months of the Year. ] OW DO FISHES SPEND THE WINTER? Fishermen, who ought to know something about the matter, have all sorts of strange theories on this point. They will tell you that the finny dwellers of the waters mostly bury themselves in mud to escape the cold. Of @ few species like the catfish this is true; but the experts with nets and lines entertain the same notion about the herrings of the Chesapeake, y because they are often fetched up with dredge from the deep water oyster beds. In reality the circumstance is merely dae to the fact that the herrings have sought the equable temperature of the depths in winter, and now and then ther are accidentally caught by the dredges. A like absurd belief is enter- tained with regard to the mackerel, concerning the alleged mud-burying habit of which there has recently been some discussion in the news Papers. FALSE THEORIES, A good many old notions about the ways im Which fishes «pend the winter bave been ex- ploded. For example, it used to be supposed that all the shad which frequent the Atlantic cons sought the depths of southern seas daring the cold season every year, returning in the «pring aud swimming in shoals northward, some en- tering the Potomac to spawn, while others kept onto the Delaware, to the Connecticut and |to the rivers of Maine. As a matter of | fact the «had make no such migrations, It is positively known that they do not ordi- narily swim faster than at about the rate of ten miles a day, *o that it would take them four or five years to get from Floride to the St. Lawrence. Very often, too, shad make their appearance in the Connecticut be- fore they arrive in the Potomac, WHERE THE SHAD Go. The trath is that the shad never go very far from the mouths of were spawned. For born in the P she is obliged to | and Jay ber eggs in a xpot where they ean be conveniently fertilized and hatched. When the bas performed thi« maternal fano- tion she returns to the sea, unless she i880 un- fortunate as to be caught and eaten, It is probable that #he never enters stream ex- cept the Potomac, and in winter she does not go farther from its mouth than is necessary to ch the deeper waters off shore near and warm current of the Gulf stream, which flows from the tre north- It is the same way with all the shad. They cruise aroun during the greater part of the year not far from the rivers where they were hatched, returning to those streams an- nually at epawning time. ANOUT HERRINOS AND SALMOX, What is true of the shad in this regard ts likewise true of the alewives, which is the cor rect name of the so-called “herrings” that fre quent the Potomac. The true ocean fishes, which never come into the rivers, ‘The winter habits of the salmon, which were i They never go far from the mouths of the rivera where they were spawned, to them at each breeding season. If this were not the case they would not come back, as they do, to the same appens that when al that ascends a particular river stream ceases to have any sal w of are with them every summer. It curately known where or spend the winters, but they numbers along the ing the cold time of year. Fisbermen say that owing to habit of wintering im the mud commonly found in the early spring to or less blinded by cataracts ef ze etl Ps 3 s