Evening Star Newspaper, September 19, 1892, Page 11

—_— THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. ©, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1892-PART TWO. —— ing several of the citizens were billed and wounded, imcinding the maror of the town, as well as a number of Brown's men. Practically, however, Brown held possession of the town until noon of Monday, the 17th. In answer to @il questions ‘as to the nature of thcir object and plans the invariable answer was returned: “To free the slaves.” About noon bodies of Joeal militia beran to arrive npon the scene. Brown was driven into the arsenal and fn hot fire poured into it from all 4 as by the enraged Virginians, There Bow no escape, One of Brown's bridge ards had been killed and the other captured and afterward put to d who attempted to parley with the citizens under a white flag, was relentlessly shot down. At nightfail Brown retired into the engine house, which he barricaded, and from which he repulsed an aseanit, killing two and wounding six of the aesailants, All his own force meau- while had been killed and wounded but him- sell, three whites and a few negroes who had been compelled to join him. One of his sous wes dend and another mortally wounded. ‘There was not the remotest prospect of succor. ‘Stull he beld out CHARLESTOWN COURT HOUSE. Sometime during Monday night Lieut, Col, RE. Lee of the regular army arrived from Washington with some United States marines and twocanvon. In the morning—Tucsday— the door of the engine house was battered in | and the citadel instantly carried by assault, Brown himself fighting to the last—was strack | dora with a saber and then bayoneted twice while yin on the ground. He remained per- feet!y cool daunted, notwithstanding his fact he was the most uncon- 1 personage present. He answered all | jons trenkif. but dectined to compromise | . Ho said that his sole object was to free WRATH IN THE SOUTH. A tromendous wave of excitement and ‘wrath «wept over Virginia and the entire south. Everybody rushed to Harper's Ferry. Leii- ing pro-slavecy statesmen were everywhere greatly sgitated. Various and persistent attempts were made to draw from Brown the real, usavowed secret of his spparently wild undertaking, as it seemed incredible that he would embark in so desperate an enterprise without promize of more substantial force than had been killed or captured. But all to no purpose; he stuck to his original atatement and denied that there was a couspir He prob- ! ath, Capt. Stevens. | | It would have been wiser if the south had spared him. Rash in conception, and totally iggiznificant as the numbers engaged were, the | for obvious reasous was indeed terrific, | ad the entire affair, especially the old mau's | quiet and gentle bearing and simple-bearted | faith im the righteousness of his mission, made | 8 profound impression upon the people of the | free north. wich soon crystallized into an act- | ive, ineradicable uatred of slavery and its abet- | tors. It was wo: se-cously denied thas his en- terprise was usi.wfal and wrong and that the legal penalty was death. Butyet somehow the | heart of every citizen whose nataral instincts were opyoxed to human bondage went out spontaneously to the grim, resolute champion of the down-trodden black’ race, shattered in body, but undaunted in spirit, awaiting bie fate in the Charlestown jail. The manner of his | death made him one ‘of the colossal figures of our nation and age: From the Charlestown scaffold his soul began that mysterious march which hes not ended unto this day, seenring freedom for the race he had vainly struggled for in life, and everlasting fame for his ogn singular personality. OF Brown's confedorates, besides himself, Stevens, Cook, Hazlitt, Coppoc, Green and Copeland were hanged at Charlestown, “Oliver Watson Brown, J. H. Kagi, W. H. Leeman, Wm. Thompson, Dangerfield Newby (colored) and four others were killed in the melee. Owen Brown, Barclay Coppos, ‘Tidd, Merriam and Andrews (colored) effected their escape. Of the extizens and militia engaged in the attack on Brown's party about twenty were killed and wounded. IX THE VORTEX OF WAR ‘Thus did Harper's Ferry become universally and instantly famous. But peace and quiet did not follow the hanging of Brown. Civil war quickly ensued, as naturally as rain falls from the storm cloud. Tho town was imme- diately occupied by confederate troops, who finished destroying the United States arsenal, removing the machinery southward. For nearly five years Harper's Ferry remained in the grip of the military, and was in constant hot water until peace followed the collapse of the rebellion and the destruction of slavery. The war in its vicinity began with Patterson’ advance across the Potomac into Virginia in Juno, 1861, Johnston retiring before him. Tho derals ever after retained possession of the old town, with one or two short and accidental interregnums, but the Shenandoah valley con- tinued to be disputed territory. changing oecr- pants as rapidly as the seasons come and go. A fret notoworthy event was the eluding. of Patterson by Johnston. and tho !atter’s rapid movement on Buil Kun to succor Beauregard, where their combined forces vietory over McDowell on July elsewhere. Tatterson was greatly blamed for his failure to keep Johnston employed in the Shenandoah valley, and failing that for not joining McDowell by an equally rapid move- ment. He was even charged with boing a traitor, but the records show that others were more responsible than Patterson for his understanding of his duty. Stouewall Jackson had greatly distinguished himself at Bull Run, and in November he was sent back into the valley to command the confederates, with headquarters at Winchester. The federals, meanwhile, had overrun pretty much al! of the mountain districts of upper Virginia west of the Shonandoah valley. Gen, sbly told the truth. He depended on a general Fiaing of the slave population, and the rage and | Jackson entered upon an active winter cam- Ppaign, recovering j Salon! and otherimportant {REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION HARPER'S FERRY AN OF THE CENTURY COMPANY.) terror which ensuod among the slaveholders {s proof that he was not very wild in his calcula- tons. At first it was taken for granted that Brown wasamere crack-brait coarse, brawling | ruffian. but public opinion in this ‘regard was | soon changed by the old man's bearing. which | was simple and unassuming; not bold and offen- | sive, but quietly courageous, even noble. In fact his attitude nouplussed bis captors. Much | as they hated his principles, execrated and | feared his decisive methods, Brown personall; * finally commanded their entire respect, AL though he had terrified bis enemies with the threat of a servile insurrection. his unblench- ing courage excited their admiration, C. L. Vailandigham. a bitter northera pro-slavery democrat, acting. no doubt, at the instigation of the leading slave oligerchs in Washington, went to Harper's Ferry and closely questioned the old abolitionist as to his designs and aftilia- tions Vullandigham afterward said: “I: isig vain to underrate the mau or the conspiracs. Capt. Joha Brown is as rave and resolute a man as ever headed an insurrection. Me has a firmness of will and purpose uncon- qnerabie. “It was one of the best planned and best exceuted conspiractes that ever failed.” HIS TRIAL AND DEATH. Brown and his three surviving white com- Panions were immediately removed to the couaty seat jail at Charicstown. A ery for vengeance and justice went up all over the south, and within a few days they were in dheted for incitins to insurrection. for treason end for murder. Notwithstanding Brown's re~ FREMONT. t for a brief on account of bis man- lestly weak physical condition from b wounds he was brought into court on on ac pon his tria was speedily convicted on © though the trial wos a perfectly fair o: wentenced to be hanged. There was re: defense under Vi a laws, except, perh 8 pica of insamity, and in the then state of pud- Le opinion it would bave been laughed out of court, even had Lrown been willing to enter such a plea. Throughout all these pro Brown Matutained his attitude of dignity and courage. He did not take refuge in sui Bie utterances were dictated by « striking wis- dom. He earnestly diavowed any intention of committing murder or treason, repeating that bis only object was to {ree the slaves, Daring his short imprisonment his wife and ethers were, permitted to visit and converse with him. Of the survivors of his ill-tated ex- ‘he was the first to uffer death. Al- h ‘the slaveholders had recovered from their terror, his blood was fairly hunzered for ail over the south, and by many even in the gerth. On the appointed day—December 2. 1859—without flinching. perfectly calm and serene, his face seemingly illumined with the Joy of oae who fully realized that he wis dying Qo serve agreat cazse,he was led to the scaffold $Sa Sots made sue his porta vn | been ordered from the valley toward Manassas points, but subsequently was ordered back to Winchester by the rebel secretary of war, and they were immediately reoccupied by the Union forces. Much incensed by this unac- countable order, Jackson tendered his resigna- tion, but was ‘prevailed upon to recall it. During the fall and winter Gen. Banks had been in command in Maryland, along the Potomac, and early in 1862 he had cautiously advanced across the river into the lower valley, making Harper's Ferry and Williams- port his base, The aggregate of Union forces in the te ments of West Virginia nnd the valley largely outnumbered the cnemy, but being under Separate commanders, fcr many months mis- tal and cross purposes completely ueutral- ized this advantage. The confederate leader, in a country he knew familiarly, operating on ioner lines, ensily outgeneraled and defeated the purposes of his opponents. The buttles were generally small affairs, bat by the rapid- ity of his movoments, by striking sudden blows from unexpected quarters, with a vastly inferior foree he prevented the junction of Banks and Fremont and compelled the recall of a co-operating force against Richmond. His battles were not all victories, yet Jackson, accomptished his purposes and won imperish- able renown. — His reputation rests more on this wonderful sixty-day campaign than any of his subsequent operations. WHERE SUIELDS REFDLSED JACKSON. All the Union military projects in Virginia in the spring of 1862 hinged on the principal movement of McCiellan up the peninsula against Richmond. In conjenction with this advance about half of Banks’ contingent had to cover Washington, This movement had begun, when the remaining division was sud- dently attacked at Kernstown, on the 23d of March, by Ston Jackson. In tuis first affair "Jackson was completely worsted by Shields’ division, which as lying in wait for him; infact it ‘appeare that the confederate + was decoyed into attacking what he supposed was a greatly inferior frce, Banks’ mont eastward favoring the supposition, Shiclds was disabled by a wound, and the battle was really fought by Col. Ni Jackson lost 718 men Killed and wounded, two cannon and three eaissons, ‘The Union’ loss Was officially stated at £90, ‘The forces engaged were probnibl af anyth! son was the ‘Although “he retreated ou up the valley some forty miles, purpose Was nccomplished—the Un ments were ienedintely réealled to the detached front ington, been assigned to tisa € mand of the mountain department in March, Some time im April he began & movement to- dthe south im co-operation with Banks > in the valley. the object being to crush the opposing rebel foree somewhere in the upper Valey and capture Staunton, thus nenaciug Lynchburg and other poiuts west of Richmond. MeDowell from the Washington trout was already feeling down toward Kich- mond, preparatory to eveutuaily joining Me- Clellaa. It was of importance to the confedcrate cause $0 defeat theso combina tions, To do this Jackson's only chance was to attack the federal forces in detail. After Kernstown Banks had the valley in Juckson's wake w weting with ally two or SiR WThe San w abate oer een five miles frem Stanaton. Fremont, adi n parallel lines west of the mountains, already reached a point somowbat farther as if meditani with a division effected and sprang upon the head of Fremont’s column at McDowell, over forty miles to the westward. But rapid as bis mareh had been his approach was observed by Gen. Milroy, commanding Fremont’s advance, who drew in in time and went back for help. _ Gen. Schenck pushed swiftly forward with a brigade and upon getting up the combined Union force, somewhat less than the rebel, forestalled Jackson by attacking and attempt ing to carry a hill, the key to the position, which Jackson had already partially eecupied. A desperate battle of about four hours ensued, the federals being finaliy repulsed from the nightfall. Although nearly equal to Jackson in vtrenzth, with reinforcements only a = march off. Schenck concluded to retire on the main body at Fravklin, which he did that night, Jeckson following him the next morning. ostentatiously menacing Fremont. ‘The confederate torce at hand approximated to 8,000 men; federals, 6,000, Although Jackson had won « tactical victory, his loss was 461 killed, wounded and mataslag, while that of Schenck was only 256. This affair occurred May 8, 1862. Fremont'’s advance was driven back thirty miles by tne operation. i i STONEWALL JACKSON AS A LIEUTENANT. On the 12th, perceiving that Fremont’s move- ments southward had been effectually checked, and having block: the Shenandoah again turned ener; alley from the wost, Jackson tically in the direction of Gen. Banks, whose forces were now somewhat | seattered, having been drawn back from the extreme front, For this movement against Banks Jackson gathered togethcr an effective force of about 18,000 men, with forty. cannon. Banks was carly aware of Jackson's return to the valley, but seem surprised at hi flank. ‘The first blow fc where Col. Ker a men were quickly routed and mo: captured. Banks only had about try and 2,000 cavalry with which to 'mect the confederate onset,and as soon as 38 of Kenly’ disaster came in he instantly retreated from Strasburg to Winchester, and none too soon, as Jackson's advance was right after him.’ He was reaily compelled to stop and fight at Winchester to save bis trains, ‘This cccurred on tho 25th, Jackson attacking at daylight and easily overwhelmmg tho small federal force opposed to him. The losses at Winchester were not large. but neverthe Banks’ movement toward the rear was gre accelorated. In fact, from Winchester he began what was really a race for the Polomac at Williamsport, by way of Martinsburg, the con- federates only failing to head him off by m taking his probable route aa toward Harper Ferry. But fast as Banks had made time for the north bank of the Potomae. he saved nearly all his trains and lost no artillery. Crossing over at Williamsport he breathed more freely. Jackson claims to have captured 3,059 prisoners in his rash on Banks, which is probably an overestimate. Danks’ losses otherwise were very email aud Jackson's even leas. ‘The prin- | cipal disaster was in. the consequent mise riage of important Union plans in other and greater fieids, TRYING TO DAG IACKSOS ‘Thns in turn was Banks thrown ont of the combination, To divert McDowell Jackson made threatening demonstrations at Harper's Ferry, as if meditating a push for Washington. His strength, of course, was very greatly ex- aggerated. Reinforcements were harriedly sent up to Banks, McDowell was at once re- called from Fredericksburg and ordered to dispatch a strong column under Shields toward the Shenandoah to cut off Jackxon's retreat. | By orders from Washington Fremont had also | turned toward Jackson's rear at Straeburg and was advancing as rapidly as the blockaded roads permitted. Thus two armies were mov- ing from opposite directions toward a cominon | center to cut off the rebels. The wary Jacksen | was noting or expecting all these movements. | As soon as he learned that his chief object had | been achieved—the withdrawal of McDowell from the direction of Richmond —he hurriadly | began his retrograde up the Shenandoah on the 30th, ‘Then followed an exciting contost of logs. There was really some hope of bagging Jue! son, and had such a man ns Sheridan been in command of McDowell's column it would doubtless have proved « disactrons retreat for him. McDo y entered y from Jackson's + eighteen miles back, and the il near Harper's Ferry, fully forty miles Fremont, on the west, was then but Jackson's road. Banks, with renewed couraze, reinforced to 12,000 or 14,000 strong, was pressing the rebel rear from the Harper's Ferry direction. Things werg certainly getting warm. By an amazing exhibition of onerey and courage, supplemented with an uniiaited capacity for marching on the part of his troops, the rebel commander was enabled to elude and pass his converging enemies at Strasburg. the danger point, and escape up the valley with- out material damage. ‘thence ard, on F mont and MeDowel,’s part. it beezme simp! pursuit. The river between the co-operating federal forces. over which Jackson destroyed the bridges, was the principal cause of their failure to effect favorable results, Fremont came up with Jackson on the Sth, He had leisurely taken up a strong defensive ovition at Cross Keys after sccuring the ridge over the Shenandoah in his rea mount attacked and was easily repulse inferior force. because of Ye He lost 634 killed, wounded a son’s loss was something less, staggered Fremont, at daylight the next morn- ing, the 9th, Jackson turned on the two advance brigades of McDowell's force—Tyler's and Carroli’s—on the otber side of the Tiver, aud impetuousiy attacked and routed them, with a OEN, BANKS, loss of 460 killed and woun own Joss was 820. He captured several eanuon, he battle of Port Republ ields’ tardiness in getting up to the sup- port of his isolated advance was the ultimate f this disaster, but it had its origin in of Col. “Curroll—sent forward for rpore—to burn the bridge the duy beforo, which Jackson used both to get out of Fremont's way aii to pass over to the attack, In fact, everything favored Jackson. After crossing, Jackson of course burned the bridge which Carrull ought to have destroyed, and just as the battle was closing, with Tyler a Carrol! in full and rapid retreat, Fremont put in az appearance on the wost side. but cut off Was unable to render any aid, Shields, dis- com#ted, then retired down the valley ou ono side of ‘the river, and Fremont. left unsup- ported, had to go on the other. Banks had Rot passed up beyond Middletown. ‘Thus ended the effort to “bag” Jackson: Vand 558 prison- killed and Vhis ded the roads tending into | ight | | berth deck. BATTLE OF THE IRONCLADS. ‘The Monitor's Timely Arrival Stops the ‘Merrimae’s Career. HEN THE GUNS OF the Merrimac smashed the sides of the Cum- deriaznd and the Con- gress they roared out the death knell of wooden bulks and rev- olutionized naval war- fare. They were rebel guns, but they were none the less American, ‘Thefe is a strong prob- ability that the Union "cause was very near shipwreck when tho confederate iron monster steamed down Hampton Roads on the 8th of March, 1862, The success on that day of this invincible ship threatened the immediate de- struction of Washington; it imperiled tho safety of the northern seaboard cities; it dis- concerted the military plans of the govern- ment and Gen. McClellan; it meant the breuk- ing of the blockade; perhaps immediate for- eign recognition of the south, and no end of disasters, It 1s hard now to fully realize the gloom and consternation the news of_her first day's operations eréated here in Washington, which might—probably would~be the next object of her attack. Secretary Stanton im- mediately said the Merrimac had changed tho “whole character of the war,” and he looked fcr © cannon shot through the White House at any moment, ‘ This seems exaggerated now, but when we consider the tremendous catastrophe that had happened within » few hours’ sail of the cap- ital in local waters; that a strange new sea- going monster, seemingly impervious to the heaviest shot and shell, had suddenly thrust itself into the arena of war, with unlimited ca- pacity for destruction, it is no matter of as- tonishment it our military and naval authori- ties were momentarily staggered. But all unknown to them, when they heard the news of that disastrous first day the crisis had already been met and a second revolution wronght within twenty-four hours, The same guns that rang down the curtain on the old naval regime were heard far over the waters by the officers and crew of a nondescript little warship, wallowing heavily through the seas on her trial trip out from New York, It was Ericsson's Monitor, Unexpectedly called upon todo battle before sho was fairly ready, she Yet proved equal to tho emergency and speed- ily turned the tide again in favor of the Union, THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MERRIMAG When the Gosport navy yard at Norfolk was abandoned by the federals on the breaking out of hostilities im 1861, the buildings and ship- ping were generally destroyed by fire. Among the national warships scuttied and fired was the submarino screw steamship Merrimac, of forty guns and over 3.009 tons burthen. The confederates immediately took possession of the dismantied navy yard. Between 1,000 and 1,200 serviecable cannon of Yarious dimensions thns came into their possession, and from that Yast storehouse of guns the confederate forts along the seacoasts and rivers of the south in every direction were armed with very little expense and without mach delay. This aban- donment of Norfolk under the circumstances was one of the unaccountable panics of the re- bellion. Little noted at the time, at this day itappearsto have becn a much greater dis- iter to the Union cause than the fall of Sumter. John M. Brooke, a lieutenant in the old navy who had resigned to “go with his state,” out- lined a scheme to the confe§erate naval anthor- ities to raise the hull of the Merrimac and re- build her as an irofelad and ram, After some delay Mr. Brooke's plans were approved and means provided for the work. A confederate | writer who was an ofijcer of the Merrimac, Col. Jokn Taylor Wood, "has described the trans- formation of the steamer in a most intercsting manner, which is here ciptomized, She was raised and cut down to the old Both ends for seventy fect covered over, and when the ship was in ing trim were just awash. On the midship section 170 fect in length was built at an Angie of forty-five degrees a roof of pine-piteh and oak twenty-four inches thic! the water line to a height over the gun deck of | seven fect, Both ends of the shield wore t water 172 feet; width, 41 feet; depth under the deck, 11 feet; draught. 10 fect, The Monitor only differed from other ae in tho particular that she had ne upper dec and was mostly under water, not more than | two feet of her top, except the turret, prosemt- | ing itself to view above the water line. Her | entire surface and below the water line was | iron plated. On this smooth, flat suriace of | low-deck was an irou turret, in shape of a huge | Glinder, with port loles, revolving in a closely | fitting ring of bronze metal let into the deck and worked by muchinery driven by steam. | This turret was perhaps 8 fect high and 25 | fect in diameter, armed with two !-inch Dahl | gren guns throwing a shot weighing 180 Pounds Thero was ‘also an armored pilot ouse on the forward deck. with peep holes. | It was well described in the newspap:rs of the | es ese box on a ratt.” | iF the 25th of February her machinery was placed and tested, her guns were in the turret ‘and the Monitor was turned over to tho Navy Department. She left New York for Hampton Roads on March 6, in charge of a towboat. ler crow consisted of fifty-eight men, all told, | and except the officers all vo.unteers from the | ships North Carolina and Sabine, then in New York harbor, She was commanded by Lieut, Jobn L, Worden, who had as subordimates Lieut. 8. D. Greene, Aeting Master L. N. Stodder d Acting Master J. N. Webber. The Monitor, of doubtful sea-going capacity at best, encoun- tered rough weather on her trip down, and came near foundering. taking ona great deal of water. Owing to the superhuman exertions of her officers ant crew and great good luck, | she pulled through, though the trip was depressing one ou the spirits of the men. DESTRUCTION OF THE CUMPZRLAND AND THE coNnorEss, About noon on the 8th of March, ready at last for her work of destruction, the Merrimac passed down Elizabeth river into the open roadstead and headed for Newport News, in the vicinity of which were anchored the na-| tional steam frigate Congress, of fifty guns,and the sloop of war Cumberland, of thirty. To- | ward Fortress Monroe, at the farthest hardly | four miles away, were also the steam frigates Minnesota and Rosnoke, sister ships of the | | { Merrimac before the war, and the large sailing |} frigate Saint Lawrence, ‘Besides these, thore | were many lesser vessels of various kinds. ‘The Merrimac certainly hada rich harvest before her. | The rebel’ ship slowly and silently swept | down on the Cumberland and tho Congress, | perfectly quict, there being no ex- of danger. When she arrived within | . however, her character was discovered, creating instant excitement on board the | wooden ships, The Cumberland immediately | opened fire with her hesvy ordnance, but the shots had no more effect on the Mérrimac's iron Walls than hail stones ona maansard rool, COMMODORE. BUCTANAS. Tho Congress joined in the eannonade, and so did several of the gunboats, but of course with- | outeffect, ‘The Merrimac reserved her fire un- tii she was within 200 yards, when she opened on | the Cumberland aud Congress with bloody | effect, she steered straight for the Cuw Verland, with the i n of She struck the federal ship squat opening a great hole in the hall, the water poured into her hold in a perfect river, Meanwhilo anchor and the Congress had slipped her de sail inan attempt to escape, | she ren aground, The Merri- mae thereupon steered up within easy range and opened a terribly destructive fire on the doomed ship. The brave old Cumberland con- tinued to rata shot aud shell on the confeder- ate vessel, maintaining the desperate contest with the courage of despair, for she was filling i Soon she rolied on her side 4 e | the ship. Alter an | mander promp! | and reopened his guns,but for about an hour after th berland, but she fiually ran wp a White flag and surrendered, An attempt of the Raleigh and Beaufort, the two tenders of the Mezrimac, to ession of the Congress and get off the sinking of the Cum- THE MONITOR AND MERRIMAC. rounded 0 t! the pivot guns could be used as bow and stern chasers or quartering. Over the gun deck wae a light grating, making » promenade about twenty feet wide. ‘The wood backing was covered with irgp plates, rolled at the Tredegar works, two incffts thick and eight wide. The first tier was put on horizontally, the second up and down—in all, to the thick- ness of four inches, bolted through the wood- work and clinched. ‘The prow was of cast iron, projecting four foct, and badly secured, as events proved, ‘The rudder. and. propeller | were entirely unprotected. ‘The piot house | was forward of the smokestack and covered with the same thickness of iron as the ‘The motive power was the ways becn iu the ship, Her ergines were defective and not to bo depended upos, ‘The armament of the new sl which was rechristened the Virginia, | | was intrusted to Lieut, Catesby Jones of the | | the ©, S. navy. Her battery cousisted of two | T-inch rifle guns on the bow and stern on pivots; two 6-inch rifles and six 9-ineh smooth bores ‘ou the sides. Commander Franklin mwas placed in command of this formidable shi For lieutenants be had aby A. R. Jones, Char! Cc, Simms, R. D, A. Davidson, T. Wood, J. R. Exgi ton aud Walter Bust. with'a fail complement of subaltern officers ard 390 men. j ‘The work of rehsbilitating the Merrimac | had made slow progress and she was pushed down the roads the moment she was finished, on what Col. Taylor says was supposed to be trial trip, but one which “proved to be a trin| | sueh as no vexwxcl bad ever undergone up to that tim ‘Tho Merrimac’s defects were in which was twenty-two fee! ines. her lack of speed, which Was no more than five knots, and the difficulty ring and turning her. The Union government had from time to titae been informed in vague way of the confederate armored ship at Norfolk. As the Work slowly progressed exaggerated reports ofthe power of the Merrimac caused great alarm at Washington, To meet the impend- ing danger the Navy Department in August advertised for proposals to build several Aron- clad steam batteries. Capt. John Ericsson submitted plans for “an impregnable steam battery, of light draught,” suitable to navigate the shallow waters of the confederate wtatos, They were at first rojected, but afterward Ericstou succeeded in theoretichlly domoustrat- ing its practicability, and his plan was ac- ginigd and "work ‘ordered to be begun ‘iamme- tely. . . BUILDING THE MoNrTor.. It is impossiblo almost, as well as neodless, to minutely describe the vessel built by Erics- crew as prisoners and save tho wo repulwed by the fire of tho Union gn: shore batteries, for what reason is un Then the commander of the Merri: to hot shot, which soon set the groan on fire, She continued to burn until nx night, when she blew up in a ser explosions and disappeared. During the fight Commander Buchanan was severely wounded, ‘The Minnesota was near a coaground, ani of conrse a8 much at the mercy of the Mo: rimac as either of the s! iy destroyed, but night waa coming on, and the tide wrong Lieut. Jones. confident that he co finish ap the jd on the morrow, conc!uded to withdraw to the vicinity of Sewall’s Point, | where the crew uns. as Col. Wood says, “dreaming of other victories in the it was not to be. Even in this battle with the wooden ships the Merrimac had been quite roughiy handled. She had Jost 21 men killed and wounded. The muz- | wee of two guns were shot off; its ram had been | broken off in the Cumberland; the smokestack, | steam pipes and one anchor had becn shot | away, aud on the outside everything but her iron | | defender. | order to Greene: | Who had been trembliag in his | right alongside the Merrimac! | see, Werden concluded the | Monitor was the first to abandon the ficld, but | her euem: | the Merrim: | down the roads, not, however, with the same sota, still ‘ground and to be attacked. crew remained on the alert all night and at daylight the Merrimac was seen at anchor toward Sewail’s Point, surrounded by the other confederate gunboats. FINANCIAL. FINANCIAL Pravovr Linzany, Assocuirios GEORGETOWN, D. c. Between 7 and 8 o'clock the destroyer got under way, steaming to the Ship ae | eee Tene ant fandd of $15,070 on the tet fad marked down for ker prey the night be- | toanger caemecmemta: ses foro. The Monitor was also ready, the officers Va. Midiand 2% and crew at their stations, Worden burning to pe 0.09 t the fishting capacity of the machine under hon band. OT his command He house, well forwar laced himself in the pilot |, to maneuver the ship; Greeflo was in the turret to work and fight the guns At this date he was only twenty-two Fears old. He had watched the building of the lonitor, studied her qualities, had confidence in her success and sought service on board her. Worden afterward said Greene exhibited an caruest devotion to duty unsurpassed in his ex- perience, ‘THE GREAT NAVAL DUEL. Worden steered directiy for the enemy's fleet, the wooden ships of which immediately | retired out of range when they discovered the | nature of the thing they had to deai with. The | newcomer bad been obsetved at once by the Merrimae’s people and they knew it was Erics- son's Monitor. Nevertheless she confidently came forth to the combat and immediately opened fire from her bow pivot, both at the | Cr Loans on helpless Minnesota and ber new and unknown Dut Worden made no si got alongside the Merrimac, when he gave the | ‘Commence firing.” Greene | ran out one of the heavy 11-inch guus and pulled Ser off. and the battle was on. Evea that old sca dog Van Brunt of the Minnesota, auded ship since the night before, was surprised, but none the less pleused, uo doubt, at Wordeu's boid front, We afterward reported that, “much to my astonishment,” the Monitor laid herseif The Merriraac’s first broadside struck the Monitor's turret heavily, but Greene says the | shots had no eifeet whatever, for it continu to revolve, “and a look of confidence passed | over the men’s faces.” ‘The fight thus o continued for several hours, most of th jose range, sometimes the vessels be- tten yards apart, Both seemed to be erable to the heaviest shots, ‘Tho Monitor was quick ‘to answer her helm and hence could be rapidly mancuvered, and | being of light draft, could go anywhere whereas the Merrimac was slow and lumbering | and dared not leave the main channel of the | roads ouacccuat of her great depth in the water, For there reasons her nimble advey- ry practically controlled the choice of posi tions during this tong fight. This proves wh a powerful verse! the Merrimac mast h been to resist the heavy shots of the Mon:tor atsuch close range and planted where she pleased, Worden skilfully handled his ship and once endeavored to ram the Merrimac ia the stera to destroy or disable her screw, only missing her by two fect. Then the Merrimac tried a turn at the ramming business and she also missed her mark, merely grazing the Monitor with aglancing blow, At the same 1: Greene planted a 180-pound shot gq inst the casemate of the confederate, but it bounded off without apparent effect; Dut it appears the impact was terrific, as Col, Wood |" of the Merrimae suys that all the crews of the guns of this part of the ship were knocked down and bled at the nose aud ears; that it started the wooden framework several inches, and expresses the opinion that another shot in the same spot would have stove in the Merri- 2 thinks that if the powder charge ty pounds instead of fificen, the shot would have penetrated the armor. LIEUT, WORDEN WOUNDED, During one of the lulls in the conftict the Monitor hauled off to replenish the turret with shot, After the battle had been in progress four or five hours Lieut, Worden was severely injured by the explosion of a shell from the Merrimac, which struck the pilot house over one of the peep holes, throagh which the comman- dor was looking, He was partially stunned by the biow; his eyes were blinded by the powder, | ie remaining permanently so, and the blood gushed from his face in torrents. Unable to t house had con hopelessly damaged, and ordered the elusnian to “sheer off,” thus tal tor temporarily out of ‘the fight The confed- crates supposed she was disabled and that they d won a victory, and have since claimed the be h this was undoubtedly an error. Greene, who had been instantly sent for b; his superior, sars Worden was a ghastly si: be ordered Greens to take command and fizht amination the new com- y turned the Monitor on again fore he could get to close quarters the ene: Was tn retreat, says that a few shots “were fired at the retroat- ing vessel, and she continued on to Norfolk. ve Monitor then “returned to the side of the Minnesota and the fight was ended. Col, Wood, ou his part, says that after the ht had been continued six hours o Merrimac could not foilow, but it is that she still carefully ‘mainta: position between the Merrimac and the Minne- seta, which makes it perfectly clear the federal vessel was not trying to escape or avoid her opponent. After waiting, ax he says. au hour for the Monitor to return to the fight the Mer- rimac steamed away for Norfolk. ‘This of course refers to the time when Worden was wounded. Greene ways the time lost after the Monitor sheered off through Worden’s misap- prehension was perhaps twenty minutes: the ing the steering apparatus ail right he | headed her for the Merrimac again, but found that vessel in retreat, TUE MERRIMAC'S ODIECT DEFEATED. It is undieputed that the Merrimac was de- feated im her object on the 9h, which was the destruction of the Minnesota and the federal ficet, saved, as Col. Wood concedes, by the Monitor. He says the Monitor was well andied, but thet her gunnery was poor. This 1ned by Greene to have been owing to lack of experience with the turret i py to see well; in fact, es that there was more or less random firing. Practically, the Monitor was demonstrated to be the most effective vessel, and capable of+ neutrulizing if not deste: for itis obvious from Col, Wood’ own statements that whe couid have disabied quickly and easily by aiming at her water line, Wood claims that the aight was a draw, but admits frankly that in general results it was favorable to the Moultor, The Merrimac was repaired aud strengthened d continued for at.me to bean import: factor in military and uaval operations. here never was another encounter between the two ships, though the Merritaac, under Commo- dore Yatuall, afterward made demonstrations confident boldness "that marked her menorable appearance. When McClellan undertook the peninsuiar | campaign, first considered at Wasbiagton about the time of this battle, the presence of tho Morrimae prevented the use of the Jatacs river asa line of comraunication, and he even feared she Would move over to York river and disconcert army movements, fears shared by the government, but Commodore Gol/ls- gave assurance that the Merrimac could not get past his fleet on to the York river line, The rebel ironclad enterod largely into McClellan's earlier calculations, On the night of May 9, tho confederate forces having evacuated Norfolk, the Merr mae was run ashore on Craney Isiand and de stroyed" bs fire, an event which vearly broke the southern heart, This opened the James river to the flect of Union guntoats, and prob- ably operated to change McClellan's plans. At any rate, be subseqnentiy changed his basco really retreated—from the York and Chicka hominy to the James. —+—_—_+e+ Just Before the Battle, Mother. Just befure the battle, mother, ‘While upon the acid wee Satching, ie We Held we're w ‘With the exemy in view. Comrades brave are ‘round me lying, first of! Jar. oars on ass til he | Meal estate. Duc on installment loans | £30 pened | Strte of New ¥ Rents sa‘ sive TEX « interest alowed om suze Trepares and keeps Wills free of charze Bank hours, 9:30 to 3. andend of each mouth. Saturday evenings, open from € to 8 Four per cent i tne fozr months. bank on installment deposits for five or te Five and . bank and at the asoucies in all parts of thy an29-1m drawn on tairty days’ Sper where the deposit is not years. 10 po- cant por anna:n whore the deposttis not with- Rea. estate valued at 0.00 ae ©. M. MATTHEWS, Troaeuser. POMPANY STock public wuct ag LIABILITIES, wonthiy pay ockholders* vita orired ci . ald in on adconut capital ats Ist Savisa Moxs By taking a few erative uu ine: each, payable my ccndctel upon ation, It is mutud return the ments. oasand dollars is loaned upon each tor allof a loan may ed at any al and inter- easy cxpe voided, alf millions have been Toanedi to out the to ished reports an Securities a fervative ‘operative Sav Tomphlete erp'a Dene site of the associa mn the and other d Upon appication 4 the ulice, aarantages and INO. JO¥ EDSON, Secretary, EQUITABLE CO-OPERATIVE | BUILDING ASSOCIATION, Drv 5 AND TRUST COMPANY avionan are SAVIN Of the District of Columia, CORNER 15TH ST. AND NEW YORK ave. Abs special act of Conzross nd acts of C *.,1890 and F 1802, CAPITAL ON DOLLAR NTS and upward received acts as Ex: , Administrator and Trusteo—executes Trusts ‘ i ark, U SION Savixes Bas, 509 7TH ST. N.W. Open till 5 about the mi ldle lock. romain. mn the earnings of the forest on ordinary depos: Divides years at the ” ¥. i. SMITH, ITY BUILDING, LOAN AND INVESTMENT Asso. | CIATION, NOS. 908 TO 914 G@ ST. N. W., WASHINGTON. D. ©. Payal we The dlepostted, with interest, way be with- otice, ta compan certificates teens d-awa before three per jolders xm borso® $1,099 for the Small sn 248, having elsist yours to repay it, at rate of $13 permonth. Coznpare this wita the expenses of all other associa- tons. 2 200,650 of stock subscribed in Washincton om November 12, 180, to August 1, Our Sgares show we offer the most favorable terms op loans and deposit, and our sec: times the value of the lom and the loaa bein repaid monthly makes the security etill better each mouth, renderiux tt iuupossibie f ies being thres T. ©. DAMIEL, Sec. [UMIED STATES BUILDING AND LOAN A8SO- CIATION, 1313 F st., Washington, D. ¢. Shares, $100, paysblo in monthly installinents, which participate im all profits and mastaro in 84 INTEREST wa seg 830 JO. W. CORSON. w. INO. W. ——= | President. | rons toloss adol- |G @ KR ~—C. Ty Havexxen, Member Was).tngton Stock Exchange, Real Bstate and Steck Broker, Booms am! 11, Auantic Building, 180 F at. mw. INVESTMENT SEOURITIES. Stocks, Tons and Grain bought and sold for cash ap eis Vomeht a tn Now York or New Orloaua, SPONDENTS. w York Stork Exchange York Cotten Exchaner Now Orleans Cotton Exchanga, teas Board of Trade. York, Chicago and New Ge seliay Tux Wannex Suor Hovse 1115 F Smxer N. W. HAVE JUST RECEIVED AN. OTHER LOT PAIRS) «pout 28 Mews Paresr Cae Suoes, Bauatonats axn Coxanesa, ® WOULD BE NONE Too MUCH TO RETAIL THESE HS FOR, BUT AS WE IT THEM AT OVROWN WE ARE CHARGING $3. PER PAIR POR THEM. IN LADIES: SHORS WE ARR OFFERING GENUINE $4.00 Hasn-Tons 5 Boors Fox $2.50, AND ALL OTHER GOODS at EQUALLY AS LOW PRICES, RENEMBER WE MAKE IT a BUSINES TO BUY AND SELL SHOPS BELOW MANUPACT. URERS' WHOLESALE PRICES, Tur Woaanex Suor Hovsn, yo LLIS F Sreeer N. W. W mars Turs: Axmosr ut Goxm Trars Waars Waar WE HAV SLY RE OF THOSE UPHOLSTERED COTS, WHICH WE WILL CLOSE AP ONE TEN (81.10) to FoR FA NOW EN HOU 5,000 wont at #1 1,00) Mo} GAK $1.10 Ts about actual cost. Don't delay, aa they will go tim WILDFIRE, jod ran cucots has only been equale@ ther Pillows st @Land @ A. K PILLOWS AT S00, Freestrvar “XCHANGR, 4 9TH ST. N. Ww. ne place, No one else has gonte, Your Crem Is Goon. DON'T SPEND A DOLLAR, RNITURE OR CARPETS UNTIL you VISIT Grocaws Mawtorn Creorr Hovsa Si, S21 AND ©23 7TEST. NW 0 Koop" thi fall? to yom more ways thew rt Wastinucton are oy Are yon goinz to *“Hs | Ifso, we can the of sorvi one. Hundreds of peop the bene SS CREDIT SYSTEM. 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