Evening Star Newspaper, July 16, 1892, Page 12

12 BRAZIL'S POPULATION There is No Objection to Color in That Republic, FREEDOM AND MONEY. ‘The Social Standard Rather Than Blood— The Greatest Civil Engineer Was a Mulatto —Something About the Days of Slavery and ‘What Brought About Emancipation. Byecial Correspondence of The Frening Star. Rio px Jaxzino, June 5, 1892. AD OTHELLO LIVED in this country he would not have said ‘“mislike me not for my com- plexion,” for no Bar- bantio would have re- fused him a daughter on that account. In Brazil one’s social status does not depend upon the color of the cutis, for in high life and low the blood of the aboriginal Bra- zilian, mixed with Spanish and Portuguese, has been more frequently stained by that of the African than mottled with Anglo-Saxon. Here “the shadowed livery of the burnished sun” is no disgrace, however intensified, and one often sees in a single family y shades of com- plexion as there are numbers in it. Among the ereme de In creme of the aristocracy there are and mulatto families who have been free rich from awey back to the Senegambian Congo of their ancestors. You need not be surprised to meet on the fashionable Rua do Ouvidor blonde beauties of Brazilian-German or Bruzilian-Eng! ntage promenading with negroes whose conspicuously displayed diamonds seem to light up the square, or over- dressed Senoras with flattened noses and hair of natural crimp riding in emblazoned car- . flaunting their finery in opera boxes monopolizing the choicest at hotel tables. One of the finest houses in Ui @ viscount of fabulous wealth, the co of whose kinky-haired = stretch of politeness to cell cafe au lait. day there was a fs mable wedding at the Imperial Capilla da Glorin attended by the lite of the capital, and the bride waa the lovely young daughter of a Sp slanter, the groom ‘a burly negro, black as the ace of spades. NOT PARTICULAR AS To AMALGAMATION. Even in slavery days Brazilians were not very particular about the antAlgamation of colors, 50 that a man or woman possessed freedom and worldly goods, dinhero (monex) bei standard rather than blood. ish 2 constitution never had anything to say about color as a basis of civil rights: b though born in bondage. to any social or political posit could rise ¥ luck, pinek abolished slav- to overcome in ‘ing out of it, and energy. And now, bat ery. Brazil has no ¢ settling the social quest: such as hare puzzled the here the vanced and race pre; of the most intel! were educated in ry, who tuguese nfesse. nental rt ge | seem that the greater the admixture of negro blood with the Latin the more satisfactory the result. THE GREATEST CIVIL. SXOTNEER A MULATTO. The story of the mule Andre Reboueas, | the best civil engineer Brazil has ever knov my illustrates the entire absence of race prejudice in this part of the ‘The profession of neering ranks among the highest in Brazil. nd while 5 numerous positions of trast abroad and respon- mbility at home. and was on terms of intimacy with all the dignitaries of the !ate empire. in whose houses he was an honored guest. It hap- | [pened one time that he was present at a ball, | \where, among the guesis, were several members | of the imperial family and a party of tourists | from the United States. Among the latter was | young lady from Baltimore and the mulatto was at once charmed by her blue eyes and | to be more flexible; | and prodding him in it to accelerat | mork with grentest rigor. rh 2 steeped in brine or in vinegar and pepper anc | cmane-are ‘ras the number of lashes feid. on | the bare back of a slave when a dry leaf or | of boll was found in the cotton or a branch was | broken in the cotton grove. Fifty Inches was | the penaltr for the next renders; jerou: exhibition adice—ao N gentleman, de- kings —and he at of his wife. iately there- amiled graciously and im Was seen waltzing with the dark-skinned meer. The whisper went around and the udest ladies of the court vied with one an- ther in heaping honors on the blushing lo, while the fair-hsired Americana ted on with scorn and amazement. In , Which has never pretended much in the yy of republicanism, Keboucas might prome- de with royalty and be hand-in-giove with bobs and statesmen, but when he went to the d of the free,” where the favorite boast is paual rights and other bosh, he was refused ad- nce to hotels. ejected from sleeping cars d offered other indignities which the sons of freedom are in the habit of inflicting upon a Proportion of their fellow citizens. THE LIFE OF THE SLAVES. It is only about a quarter of a century since re were upwards of 3,000,000 slaves in Brazil. ‘is said that in 1850 (the year before the in- ntion of the British government broke up foreign trade) 50,000 Africans were im- d in eleven months. The country | born with the idea that the slaves | d im much their own property, to do with as “Pieused, ea. were, thelr’ nrtleo end mae | makin; Tetk fo go to the mill or to household tasks and when they were locked in their quarters to sleep till aroused at 4 the next morning. SEVERITY OF THEIR PUNISHMENTS. Sunday was their only holiday andit wasmerely ‘ cessation of labor for three or four hours, in busy season reduced to one or two hours and his brother in the north, as the Portuguese Spanish character is naturally more cruel SLAVES WITH COLLARS. that of the Anglo-Saxon. That the former races are infinitely more eruel is evinced by their treatment of animals—flaying sheep alive because by that process the skins are believed piling heasy loads for long journeys on the backs of mules already raw to ‘the bone; deliberately making a wound witha rusty nail in the fank or shoulder of a doi and a hundred similar examples contin ia drivers kept the slaves at racers and gang drivers res * ext rigor. ‘The whip was often ry to of off one hundred for standing idle in the fields, two hundred for quarreling with fellow slaves end ive hundred for any attempt to run away from the estate. Up to the very last day before | emancipation tlaves were everywhere met wear- ing tin masks as a mode of punishment, or iron | collars with upright prongs under the ears, or heavy log chains fastened from wrist to ankle, | and dark storics are told of tortures perpetrated in cellarsand onthouses so recently that the screams of the victims yet ring in the ears of those who heard them. “An English merchant in Bahia says that he once had occasion to visit the proprietor of a distant fazenda, where he found a number of neighboring planters as- sembled, they having been invited, according to custom, to witness the punishment of a negro. who was about to be boiled to death as a terrible example to his fellows. EMANCIPATION DUE TO Do PEDRO. Emancipation in Brazil was entirely due to the persistent efforts of the late emperor, and that was one of the causes that led to his de- thronement. Many years ago he began to urge suppression of the African trade, and as soon a8 that was accomplished presented plans for freeing the negroes .in bondage. But his Progress was extremely slow, because his cabi- net and parliament and everybody of: influence wereslave owners themselves and naturally clung to their chief source of wealth. In 1871, after setting a good example by freeing his own tlaves and inducing all the members of the oval family and several wealthy citizens to do the same, he laid the ax at the root of the tree by persuading congress to pass what was known as the “free birth law.” It provided for gradual emancipation by declaring that every child born of slave parents after tember 20 of that year should be free, and. the owner of its mother required to support it and educate it till the age of twenty-one, being en- titled to the results of ite labor in the mean- time. Italso allowed the slaves to purchase their own freedom by being credited with all services performed beyond a certain maximum, and esteblished an emancipation fund. But the law proved impracticable. Forgeries were committed upon the records of births, both by the slaves and their masters. The latter fixed ‘This | to educate the children as required by law, 90 that when a young —— freedom he was not fitted to enjoy the right of citizenship. ‘Nearly twenty years later a law was ‘unconditionally free all slaves who were sixty-five years of age and manumitting all | others on their attaining the year of sixty, on condition of their remaining five years longer SLAVE WITH MASE. in the service of their masters. But the law was so weighted with conditions and Brovisoe that ‘it was practically null, although it good but visionary old grandmother, Dom Pedro Segundo, fondly believed that he had sccom- lished great things for his kinky-haired sub- ta, and that slavery would soon be extinct without danger to the public safety or detri- ment to the rights of private property. In point of fact, however, by the slow working of the law among such a very slave popula- tion the percentage of those thus would be at the rate of only one a year out of every two hundred. It rendered the condition of the slaves worse than before, for not one in a thou- sand had any idea of his own and by the masters’ showing few ever roached the age of sixty-five years. nonsense, Every was decorated with theaters were opened gratuitously to lie and two of the Fes Cteen eet taaatomes Sider hredie pecan ed Sanat See ens citizens and citizenesses uni wailed themselves of it, till gloud had settled down enlivened by a few white faces. But for ail this Were not so well to be. Some of the about equal righ’ like many an_ abolitionist thenorth who would abolish the black man earth rather than fraternize with him, were Plotting at that moment how to revenge them- 5g te Saaeca pales oes Brazil is that of labor. EE LABOR SYSTEM DEMORALIZED. In this hot climate white men cannot do the work'of negroes, and the labor system of the country is ina state of total demoralization. jority of emancipated slaves will not can help itand are not capable of of themselves. ¥ jons are found among the negroes (natives pf a territory on the Africa), who differ from ‘all other double the price of ordinary negroes. Tuey sre of immenne frame, capable of ‘great endur- ance, ® romar! le degree of intelli- ay eee useful, indus jous and thrifty citizens. They ‘are ex- tremely clannish, @ language among themselves unintelligible to others and practic- ing religious rites similar to those of Moham- medism, from which they can never be allured by missionaries, Romish’ or Protestant. They are na ingenious as intelligent and make excel- lent mechanics as well as Inborers, and they are about the only blacks in Brazil, if not else- where, who have any idoa of economizing their resourcesand laying by a fund for “rainy days.” During slavery times a number of them purchased their freedom and went back to Minas, in Africa; but every one of them | came back to Brazil. and several chartored | vessels for the purpose, brought over their friends and kinsmon and ‘settled here as colo- planters. The wisest thinkers of the day are now advocating the organization of immigration companies for the one of bringing over cargoos of these people from the “dark continent”—not, as formerly, for slaves, but to supply tho demand for labor. Tho climate of Brasil is not unlike that of their own country, and as neighbors and prospective citizens they are in every way proferable to the Chinese and coolies. raxxiz B, WARD. ———~+22_____ ACCIDENTALLY SHOT HERSELF. A Baltimore Belle Wounded While Packing a Trunk. Miss Eloise Hood of Baltimore, daughter of President John M. Hood of the Western Mary- land Railroad Company, accidentally shot her- self at her home Thursday afternoon. Miss Hood had been assisting in packmg up the small household goods of the family prepara- tory to their departure for Atlantic City. She had also packed her own trunk and intended to leave Baltimore today with a lady friend from New York to join relatives at the Hot and White Sulphur Springs. Miss Hood gathered a lot of articles from her parents’ bed room, among them a loaded pistol belonging to her father, which he always kept in his bureau drawer. Sho was carrying these things to the store room onthe fourth floor tobe put away, when by some accident the revolver was discharged, in- flicting a scrious and dangerous wound. ‘The Dall entered the body near the heart. As soon as she was shot Miss Hood started down stairs, where the family was aseembled, but got no farther than the bath room on the third floor. Mr. Hood was about leaving home for his office when Mabel, » younger daughter, came up- stairs ard called several times to her sister to come to dinner. ‘Not hearing any answer to this call Mr. Hood told Mabel to go up to her sister's room and find why she did not come. Mabel went to the room as directed, but not finding her sister there called again.’ Still no reply was received. Mr. Hood then went to the third floor himself and heard Eloise say to Mabel, “Tell papa to come here.” He then called out, asking where sho was, and she replied, “‘In the bath room.” Mr. Hood asked her what was the mattgr and she answered quickly that she had been shot. He tried to go into the bath room, but found that his daughter's body prevented him from opening the door, as she was lying close against it, He then spoke to her and she moved sufi- ciently to enable him to enter the room. Mr. Hood raised his daughter up and found that she had attempted to stop_the flow of blood by the use of towels. Mrs. Hood was sent for and the wounded girl taken to her room. Dr. Tiffany was called in and is in constant | attendance. At the time of the accident the family were all in the lower part of the house, and as the store room isin the rear of the fourth floor, with no direct communication except by the servants’ stairway, the report of the pistol was not heard by the family. Mr. Hood says it is impossible for him to ay how long his daughter had been wounded when she was found. The pistol is a large target weapon, carrying s heavy ball and shooting with great force. —————+e+____- IT WAS TIME FOR THE TROOPS. Riotous Miners Carried Things With » High Hand for a While. A special from Wallace, Idaho, ‘says that the town was in the control of a mob Wednesday night. The victory of the union at Wardner that day inflated the strikers with unusual ex- citement. Upon the arrival of the union men from Wardner many of them proceeded to get drunk. During the night the strikers held high carnival and ran things about as they pleased. Yesterday morning a number of non- union men came down from the Granite mine to be paid off and leave the country. They wont into the Wallace Bank to get their checks cashed, but a number of strikers marched boldly into the bank, hustled them out and ordered them to leave town. They hurried to the depot and left on the train. The strikers then marched back to the bank and told the officials there if all seabs were not out of town in one hour the bank would be blown up with dynamite, The excitement became intense and the miners became more arrogant. Committees waited upon several people and told them to leave town. Mayor Dunn hurried = message to Col. Car- lin. Soon after the message was sent one of the strikers came into the telegraph office and, drawing a riffe on the operator, ordered him to send no more m toWardner. Tho troops arrived in s couple of hours and their company placed the town under martial law. Since then all has been quiet. ———_+e-__—_ Written for The Evening Star. Cyrus W. Field. IN MEMORIAM. Farewell! brave heart— ‘Whose pulse of life, for many a weary day, ‘Was beating sad and low, before it ebbed away— Slow to depart— Good night! “At evening time it shall be light.” And heaven is brighter for the darkening night. Bright shown thy star— ‘When ‘neath the sea, that throb of new born life ‘Tarllled the wide world, with joy and gladness rife, Both near and far— ‘Thy skill and gentus Jaid the cable grand, ‘The mighty pulse that beats from strand to strand. ‘The message sweet— ‘The first that flashed bencath the listening sea, ‘Ite waves all hushed to hear the melody— ‘Thy soul did greet— “Glory to God! and peace, good will to men!” ‘The angel-song woke the sweet echo then. From Britatn’s queen ‘The message came, as on some sweet-toned lyre— Good news of which we mortals never tire, On earth, I ween— For when all earthly echoes fade and die, ‘The heavenly music still for us is nigh. DOWN THE RIVER. Enjoyments of a Trip From Wash- ington to Point Lookout. Point and Other Places of Interest Visited— ‘The Natives With Their Ox Carts at Miller's ‘Wharf—Pleasures at Point Lookout. ASHINGTON PEO- ple, asa rule, have the knack of fitting them- selves into every possi- ble chance toenjoy life, whether they be of the select few with un- limited means or of the less fortunate class who count a dollar for what it is worth, and at this season of the year, when everybody must : go somewhere or do something to “keep in the swim,” the question comes up as to how it can beaccomplished with the least outlay of money. The man of means, a8 ho calls together his retinue of servants, gives orders for the packing of trunks and with his family hies to the mountains or some fashion- able resort, comparatively speaking, has no better time than does tho one who, ina leas Pretentious manner, depends upon the beauti- 1 Potomae forlis oatiag and recreation, and one gets an excellent idea of the opportunities offered in this direction by taking a trip on one of the numerous boats that ply up and down the river between the city and tho Chesapeake, It was sharp 5:30 by the pilot house clock of the steamer Arrowsmith last Saturday evening when Capt. Entwisle pulled the throttle wide open, and amid the screeching of whistles, ringing of bells and adiens of friends left be- bind, a jolly big crowd of people, mostly gor ernnient clerks and their farnifies, started on a cruise to the lower Potomac and ke bay. ONE GRAND PAXORAMIC SCEXE. To one accustomed to such trips the inci- dental scenes are matters of record, but to the uninitiated they area source of perpetual and unequaled ploasyre, for from the time the steamer leaves her wharf in Washington to the final landing there is nothing less than one grand panoramic scene. The “Smith,” as she is dubbed, is one of the fastest, stanchest and most commodious freight and passenger boats that stir the mud on the upper river or plow through the salt water white caps 100 miles be- low. She stops at nothing and lands where sho will the good captain having a record that en- ables him to push into the most difficult and narrowest of channels, and it is éven said he ean run his boat into a muskrat hole, turn her around and come ont Inden with freight. But, however that may be, he is certainly “a dandy,” and the people for miles skirting the river bank high ou him, and when ‘‘steamer day comes they are all at the different wharfs to grasp “his hand, exchenge news items and wish the boat » safe journey. Leaving Washington the boat soon passes the familiar points between the city and Marshall Hall, and the decks fore and aft are thronged with’ a happy, good-natured and congenial crowd, that soon begin to feel the exhilarating influence of fresh air and salt water, and the imagination carries them to well-provisioned hampers, while not a few await impatiently the sounding of tho gong anda chance to satisfy the “inner man.” "Below select parties are play- ing cards, another crowd have the doughty captain cornered and he is telling them some ai anecdotes, carefully compiled and graphi ally illustrated for just such occasions as thi Here are some musically inclined passengers and there the fellow and his best girl, all intent ou having a good time, and they are having it. THE FIRST STOP. Suddenly there is a commotion and three sharp whistles bring everybody tothe starboard side as the boat pulls up at Colonial Beach to discharge some freight and a number of passen- gers. She lingers but a few moments and then steams across the Potomac for Colton's, near Blakiston’s Island, where another crowd awaits the boat and gives it a royal reception as she brings to the summer boarder some dear friend oF perhaps pater. familias to spend Sunday. From Colton’s it is@ short run to Piney Point, and here, too, the passenger list is drawn on to a large extent as many step from the boat to havea day at this charming place, and not few take canoes in waiting for St. George's Island. Rounding the island the steamer crosses St. Mary's river and enters Smith’s creek. By this time it is in the wee small hours of the night. Few of the remaining passengers are stirring. Shortlyanchor is dropped and all hands are sleeping the sleep of sleeps. THE OX CART AND ITS DRIVER. Bright and early the crew are astir and ina few minutes the steamer is making for Miller's wharf, whoro the natives have congregated in force, some to ship and claim freight, othors to meet friends and boarders, for here it is thats goodly number of Washingtonians find comfort with the Raleighs, Dunbars, Wests, Pembrooks and other willing ‘martyrs. "Here one seos the ox carts and hears the gee-haw-bucks as tho native in his bare feet and trousers rolled to his knees, a big atraw hat and the proverbial ‘one gallus” brings up with a resoundant crack of his jong whip and a good-natured grin. ca are ponderous institutions and,as a general rule, the oxen rather diminutive, but, in the language of the small_boy, ‘they get there.” From here the ” goes to Point Lookout by special petmission of the light house board, for the accommodation of the people who make this their annual camping ground during the summer. As she brings up tothe wharf the most picturesque and happiest crowd imag- inable take the ropes and fairly lift the boat ashore. AT POINT LooKoUT. The wharf is the largest and best on the river, standing some twelve feet above the water and extending far out into the Potomac. From it some of the finest fishing is done and the camp- ers have great sport with sheephead, rock, trout, tailors, spot and other fish, while of crabs there isno end. The river here is some ten miles wide and just off from the light house mixes its waters with those of the Chesapeake, which sur- rounds the point, The point iteelf is, perhaps, one of the most interesting places on the Poto- mac, as during the war it was converted into an immense stockade and thousands of confederate prisoners were corralled there from time to time. Afterward it became popular as a resort and some hundreds of houses were erected, to- gether with numerous hotels, but for one ren- son and another they disappeared, and today only two or three dilapidated houses remain. It is an ideal camping place and the many tents dotted along the bay shore attest its popularity. The outlook on the bay is charming and inter- esting, boats innumerable and of every kind, from the light Nancy to four-masters and ocean, steamers are plowing through the white caps, rpoises are disporting themselves, fich jump- in every direction and the surf comes in with aswish that is decidedly inviting. The beach is one of the best, with nice sandy bot- tom, no shelJs and no undertow. THE GOVERNMENT LIGHT HOUSE. On the extreme point is situated the govern- ment light house, which carries a lens of the fourth power, discernible for a distance of i She es cea Oe abt eerie |. - °FHE CEVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. C, earukvay, JOLY 16, 1892—-SIXTEEN PAGES. ait ho a with it aud she crosses the Potomac ite Tm} at Colton's, fe Passenger Colonial Beach and other nearer Wash- ington, where she up at about 10:30 p. m., after a most itfal and inex] trip. . HT. ——— FUN TO BE HAD BY THE SEA. ‘When You Go to the Beach Take Along = Trowel and » Basket. RETTY NEARLY EVERY CHILD WHO Visite the seashore at this season of the year takes along a little bucket and spade for the purpose of digging in the sand and making collections of shells and other interesting ob- fects. The grown person who finds amusement in the study of nature can hardly do better than to imitate this infantile example, witha view to gatheriag on the besch, in the shallows ‘and among the rocks, epocimens which will sub- sequently prove an agreeable memorial of a summer's vacation. To begin with it is only m to supply one’s self witha trowel, a water-tight jar for preserving living animals and a good sized basket to carry large shells in. Thus equipped the holiday maker by tho ocean's strand can pass many a happy day in hunting for all sorts of odd things from the casual peri- winkle to the rare but priceless egg of the mythical snark. WHAT SURF WATER CONTAINS, It is wonderfal how vastly numerous are the creatures which live along the sea beach. Prof. Shaler says that the surf water on the coast may be regarded asa very rich kind of soup, being filled with the debris of animals and plants chewed up by the turmoil of the waves, it is extremely nourishing and is capable of sustaining an enormous amount of life. Great quantities of ae matter from the deeper ocean are continually drifting to the shore, where it is ground upas ina mill. Because ths surf line is the best provisioned part of the sea, creatures of ever so many kinds multi ly there in countless numbers. Not only do they find plenty to eat, but they are comparatively safe from the enemies which in deeper waters would prey upon them. very curious indeed to observe how they are modified for living comfortably in the midst of the wild seething breakers, some , burrowing in the eand, while others, like the barnacles, attach themselves to the rocks, lift- ing their slimy valves to breathe between the waves which dash upon them. BEYOND REACH OF THE TIDE. Now and then, however, a great storm comes from the southeast and tears up great masses of sand, which it throws, together with the un- fortunate occupants. beyond the reach of sub- uent tides. Dr. John Ford says that it is not unusual for hundreds of tons of mollusks to be thus forced from their homes and left to die of starvation and exposure. One would not conceive, unless he had begun a collection of them, how many sorta of shell fish live along the beach. ‘There are quite a number of edible ies besides the oyster and the hard and soft clams, ‘The sea mussels are very to eat, asare also the periwinkles. "Fishermen on Long Island sound make soup out of the big conchs, but the dish is not relished by epicures. Scallops are excellent when properly cooked, everybody knows who has tried them, as are also the curious “razor fish,” which curiously re- semble the instrument for shaving after which they are named. he amateur collector will also add to the as- sortment in“his basket ‘canoe shells,” “ark shells,” “boat shells,” “cup and saucer’ shells,” ‘ladder shells” and’ many other oddities, the entire number of species of mollusks to be found slong the New Jersey shoro exceeding a — GLADSTONE’S PROBABLE MAJORITY It is Practically Settled That It Will Be Over Fifty. The New York Times’ London correspondent says under Thursday's date: It is practically settled now that the Glad- stonian majority in the new house will be be- twoen fifty and fifty-eight. The official party ostimates put it at fifty-six, and nothing but wildly improbable gains or losses in the lim- ited number of constituencies still out can much alter this, Assuming it at fifty-six and allowing the Par- nellites their apparent maximum of nine, they may be able by mutiny to lesson this majority tothirty-eight. It is interesting to note that in all computations of state parties the Parnellites are ranked with the liberals and counted on to make their majority. This is an anomalous po- sition for a faction which has been working solely in the interest of the tories, has been helped by thousands of tory votes, and in at @ dozen cases must have ‘had its election expenses paid by tories. * * * A few gains more or less now will make little difference, and politiciana tonight are talking more over cabinct problems than campai prospects. It is certain that both Gladstone and Morley wili be stoutly opposed when they offer themselves for re-election on taking office, and the danger to the leader's health in the first case and the moral certainty that Morley will be beaten in Newcastle in the second tend to sober the liberals in the contemplation of their victory. ——_-+e+_--___ The Dangerous Trolley. From the New York Tribune. Opponents of the dangerous trolley will re- Joice to learn of the prospect of the application of the storage battery system on at least two transportation lines in this neighborhood. ‘Tho Second Avenue Surface road is about to try an experiment in this direction, with another method, however, than that which was used for considerable time on a few cars on 4th avenue, and the president of the Kings County Elevated railroad in Brooklyn announces that in the near fature a storage system is likely to be adopted on that line. These things are en- ing. Nobody has looked upon the trol- Its chief merit been its cheapness. A method of applying electricity without the use of wires or other conductors is indeed a desideratum. Cyrus W. Field’s Funeral. At 5 o'clock Thureday afternoon the faneral setvice of Cyrus W. Field was held in Ardsley Park, Dobb’s Ferry, N.Y. The handsome oid mansion was crowded with distinguished New Yorkers. Rt. Rev. Bishop Henry C. Potter read the Episcopal burial service, assisted by Rev. Dr. W. R, Huntington of the Grace Episcopal Church of New York. The service was simple, there being no eulogy by the preachers, music consisted of a quartet from the Men- delesohn Quartet Club. ss eld, The mourners were David Dudi Stephen J. Field and Henry M. Field, brothers of Cyrus W.; Mrs, Isabeli Judson, his daughter; Mix: Macy Field, Nife of EM Wyld, ond Cyrad rs. 1d, wife of an Ficla Judson, his grandson. The floral offerings were not many, but those sent were handsome and arranged with artistic taste. A beautiful pillow of white pinks and roses bore the inscription: “From the Anglo- American Telegraph Company.” Notifying the Democratic Candidates. Grover Cleveland and Adlai E. Stevenson will be formally notified of their nomination for President and Vice President of the United States at the Madison Square Garden, New York, next Wednesday night. This was finally settled at a meeting of the local reception com- mittee at the governor's room at the city hall yesterday. ©. C. Baldwin announced that after the meet- ing at the garden the Manhattan Club would m to the two candidates, the com to distinguished democrat vi ors from other states who may be in town. Farewell! brave soul— ‘Though treasures, rich and rare, were well-nigh gone, And many a light that once so brightly shone, A darkened scroll—- ‘That message sweet across the starry sea, ‘Still came to tell of life and joy for thee. ler in eaten fiver to several handbags, native post thay ‘come, while and boards road gigs, steamer land. From Coan the the time I It is} LOST KEY TO A CIPHER News That the Secret of the Hittite A REMARKABLE PEOPLE. History of a Great Bible Nationto Be Brought to Light—Third Great Discovery of the Kind in This Century—An Empire Which Contended for Supremacy With Egypt and Aseyria for a Thousand Years. Written for The Evening Star. EWS HAS JUST reached the Johns Hop- kins University through private sources that the hitherto unfound key to the Hittite inscriptions has been discovered by aclever young scholar in Germany, whose name is desired to be withheld for the pres- sent. Similar achieve- ments of not less im- portance have been made before this by persons no more conspicu- ‘ous—as for example the unfolding of the secret of the Assyrian heiroglyphics by a schoolmaster at Hamburg named Crotefend, who accom- | plished the task on a wager which had reference | to his skill in working out ciphers. This—if the information quoted is correct—is the third great riddie of this sort that has been solved during the present century. Th tained in deciphering the E; and the cuneiform of Babylon have ts thrown a bright light upon a third mighty em- pire of the past, which now bids fair to leap into istorical view from out of the darkness in which its memory has been shrou: THE HITTITE EMPIRE. Respecting the empire of the Hittites, about whom so much is said in the Bible, practically nothing was known until within a few years. ‘The Egyptian and Assyrian inscriptions, how- ever, when they came to be read, were found to be filled with references to them and aecoun of their doings, together with many its of them, both painted and sculptured From these data it has been learned that they were a great military power, a nation of warriors, whose country extended from the Euphrates | Tiver tothe Xgean sea, So strong were they that the Pharaoh who ruled Egypt at the time of the exodus was obliged to treat with them on equal terms and to respect them as an equal. They were of light complexion and shaved their heads partly. wearing pigtails and having long thin | mustaches like the Chinese. Their eyes were | slightly slanted and their facial angle was oblique. They wore queer peaked hats, finger- | less gloves and boots with exaggerated points | that curled upward toward the knees. Curiously | enough, precisely such boots and gloves are Yorn to this day by the people in parts of the region which they inhabite THE FIRST PURCHASE OF LAXD mentioned in history was made by Abraham, who, according to the Bible, bought a bit of ground for a cemetery at Hebron from the “sons of Heth —i. ¢., the Hittites, It is inter- esting to know that at so remote a period silver was employed as curreney—the cash equivalent given being 400 shekels of that metal—and that it was weighed out in a balance. the geographical extort of the country oceu- | pied by this nation, which was for a long time ahead of its Assyrian and Egyptian neighbors in the arts of war and peace, is obtained from the fact that in the Assyrian inscriptions alone mention is made of not less than 300 Hittite geographical names. Yet this great empire of the past has been historically ignored until lately, and it is only since 1870 that scholars | have attempted to decipher the strange hiero- glyphs left behind as its only surviving me- morials. In these investigations Americans | have been conspicuous, the actual beginning having been made by J. Augustus Johnson of the United States consular service and the Rev. 8. Jessup, a missionary. HITTITE INscRIPTIONS. These two gentlemen, in 1870, came across | some very extraordinary Hittite inscriptions at | Hamah in Syria, which at once aroused the at- tention of archmologista everywhere. Some of them were carved on stones that were built into the walls of dwelling houses. Repeated efforts were made to secure them, or to get copies in the shape of “squeezes,” but the superstitions Mobhammedans, regarding them as sacred, would | not permit this. Scholars who made the at- tempts were mobbed by angry crowds and their lives were even threatened. Finally, with the assistance of a Turkish official of unusual intel- ligence and honesty, the stones were obtained | by purchase and carried away, one of them be- ing so large that fitty men and four oxen were required to drag it a mile inaday. Two sets of squeezes were made from the inscriptions, one of which is at present deposited in the British Museum. Many attempts have been made to decipher them. Prof. Sayce of Oxford, the Rev. Dr. William Wright and Maj. Claude | Conder of the royal engineers having all claimed | more or less success, but their claims are not recognized asestablished. — - THE EGYPTIANS AND HITTITES. According to Dr. Wright, to whom Tue Star writer is chiefly indebted for the following in- formation, the early Egyptian records, in- | scribed on their monuments and on papyrus scrolls, refer to the Hittites as hereditary foes on the northeast frontier. For century after century wars with them were carried on with throne of the Pharaohs and began a struggle with the Hittites, occasional intervals of peace, by his successors. When Thothmes III became king he found things in rather bad shape. His predecessor was a queen and during her reign the neighbor- ing people, of which the Hittites were most im- portant, had declared themselves independent of Egypt, refusing to pay tribute. jothmes | TIT was a great warrior. He has been called | the Alexander the Great of Sees tory. along thirteen are sketched on the monuments of that period, de- scribing the lines of march, the rivers the cities stormed, apd taken, the tributes imposed of silver, gold, weapons, horses, wine, spices, and so forth. At length he led an army inst the strong city of Kichon, where, according to the historical ne- count, the Hittite king of Kadosh had gathered together a from the waters of Egypt to the river of Mesopo- tamia and they obeyed him as their chief.” THEN THERE WAS A GREAT BATTLE. ‘The confederates were arrayed near Megiddo, and against them the Pharaoh drew out the might of Egypt. Fighting was begun on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Phataoh’s coro- nation. He beat the confederates at every int and they fled, leaving their chariots be- ind and a vast amount of plunder,upon which Soeccepe inte tae ety "which tay det to into the city, wi with such determination that after ‘ion gold belonging to the aie 924 Stir ta < mention the tribute imy given 119 towns and nations E A i il if g F I ] i i ij | A notion of | THE WRITT: was on tos, and ie vow known fe Jersbls, forty suites 40 the northeast of Aleppo. But ‘the empire of these hereditary foes extended over the broad plains and highlands of Asia Minor, and there Were always Hittite armies and abundance of Hittite this wonderful and highly civilized antiquity to with-| ‘the for a thousand | years, It . in scriptions a Tespec' apparently drawn from Baby! deities were Ww: with abominable rites, young girls being wickedness in the name of certain devotees «urren- their in flames to Baal, the FROM AN ASSYRIAN POINT OF VIEW. in course of erection in Thus far the Hittites have only been con- sidered from the Egyptian potnt of view. The inscriptions left behind by the Assyrians show | that they also were continually at war with this | martial After the struggle for su- premacy between the two great nations had Continued for 500 years, the Hittites, in 1130 C., were still paramount from the Euphrates to Bebanon. From that time up to near the end of the eighth century before Christ the Assyrian kings wore kept busy with repeated campaigns against the Hittites, who appear never to have known when they were whipped. Year after year, according to’ the records written in imperishable stone by the Assyrians themselves, the latter were obliged to renew the war, cap turing the same cities again and again, only to relinquish them for lack of power to maintain their conquest. But the empire which had for so long a time sncceasfally fought against such powerful neighbors, maintaining itself upon an equality with them, was at last on the verge of final dissolution. In 1721 B.C. the Assyrian king, Sargon, came to the throne, and four years later the long conflict was brought to an end by the overthrow of the Hittites at their eastern capital, Carchemish. Thus fell the mighty nation which had supported existence for a period of longer duration than the empires of Babylon or Assyria, Greece or Rome. ONLY THE KEY WANTED. ‘What has been ascertained from these outside sources of the history of this remarkable people is sufficient to make the world cager to learn their account of themselves, doubtless very fally given by the sculptured and painted in- ople. scriptions which they have left behind them in | great numbers. Such memorials of the tites are scattered ali over Asia Minor. Mi either the originals or reproductions, are now in the possession of museums and other scien- tific institutions. It has only remained to dis- cover the key for deciphering them, and it ix to be hoped that the news of the discovery of this long-sought secret will prove to be correct | There is no doubt that much of the art which until recently was attributed to the Assyrians is actually of Hittite origin. Mr. Gladstone not very long ago pointed out the fact, until then unknown, that there is to be found in Homer a reference to the Hittites. They are mentioned all through the Old Testament. King David taken Hittite wives in the eleventh chapter of the first book of Kings, and it is recorded on the same authority thet Solomon imported horses from Egypt and sold them to the Hit- tites and the Assyrians. It is rather curious to ‘observe that the patterns of the priests’ dresses on the Hittite monuments are in fashion to this day in Cappadocia, —>__ BOOK NOTICES. INGS AND SI CHES OF GROVER CLEVELAND. By Gro. F. PARKER. New York: Cassell Publishing Co. Washington: Brentano's. ES OF A LADY HELP. By Joux = WINTER. New York: Hovendon Co. ‘ashington: Brentano's. CELITA. | Tae Story oF Sax Xavier Dew By MARIAN CaLveRT WILSOX. New United States Book Co. ASTORY WITHOUT A MORAL. By Hxcror Mavor. From the French by M: Chicago: Laird & Lee. MODERN PUNCTUATION. Dick: New ¥; 3. P. Washington: W. H. Morrison. THE STORY OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE By C. W. OMAN, M.A., F.8.A. New York: G. P Patnam’s Sons.’ Washington: W. H. Morrison THERESE De QUILLIANE; or, Ox THE CoNVEXT'S TuresuoLD. From the French of Leon De Tinseau. By FRANCES S. Gray. New York: John Ireland, 1199 Broadway. MANHATTAN, HISTORIC AND ARTISTIC. six days’ tour of New York. By. ConOLYN FAVELLE Ose CyNrata and M. WESTOVER. New York: Lovell, Coryell & Co. THE WIFE AND MOTHER. A Medical Guide. By ALBERT WETLAND, M.D. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son & Co. CYNTHIA WAKEHAM’S MONEY. By Axwa x NE GREEN. New York: G. Putnam's Sons. Washington: W. H. Morrison. OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY WHO SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR. Ealted by Maj. Wa. H. POWELL, U.S. A., and Medical Di- rector Epwaxp Suirrex, U. S.N. Philadel- phia: LR. Hamersly & Co. THE ENGLISH REDISCOVERY AND COLONIZA- TION OF AMERICA. By Jwo. B. and Mante A. Saipcey. London: Elliott Stock, 62 Pater- hoster Kow, E. C. THE SQUIRE. By Mrs. Parr. New York: Cas- sell’ Publishing Co. Washi : Win. Bal- lantyne & Co. — Clamor Did Not Convict Buschoff. ax Maury. By Wa. BRaprorp P. Putnam's Sons iS has been terminated in favor of the pris- oner, as was generally expected. Wolf Buschoff,a butcher, was accused, of having murdered Johann Hegemann, a small boy. Last year he was found in a shed near Buschoff's shop. As Buschoff is a Hebrew and the boy was a Gentile the anti-Semitic party at once raised the cry that another brutal murder | > which was maintained for nearly 500 years, with | had been committed, and the Kreuzer Zeitung, Parson Steecker and Rector Ablwardt and their | allied “‘Jew baiters” called for the conviction | and the execution of the butcher. of pape and rivers of printer's ink have been wasted in the discussion of the case by the partisan press of North Germany. The testi- mony of the anti-Semitic witnesses was directly contradicted during the trial and an alibi was established by the prisoner beyond a shadow of a doubt. The acquittal of Buschoff will be followed immediately, it is announced, by the prosecu- tion for the perjury of the witnesses against i ion will be taken by the crown prose- cutor in obedience to instructions from high authority. ‘ ‘on the 30th instant and dedicated on dedicat | fhe Ror Augeee The tory services prom- | ine to be of a very interesting character and it is anticipated that will be a large attendance from the District and other places. Rev. Mr. Moore of Gaithersburg will detiver the dedice: | tory sermon, |. Sirs. M.A. Hall, Mr. Alber Hall and Mise Lee Pumphrey will leave bere on Thureday next | for an extended visit to relatives in Kanaaa, Mr. Clarence Thompson of Derwood, this county, has received an intment as one of the guards at the house of correction at « salary of @60 per month. Miss Ida Dove and Mr. Geo. H. Lamar left here on Wednesday as delegates to the Sunday school convention of the M.E. Church South, in session at Martinsburg, W. Va. | After a competitive examination before the | school board at this place, Miss Virginie F. | Brewer, eldest daughter of Mr. John B. has been awarded the scholarship at St. Mary's | Female Seminary. | atte Mich. . Garrett, formerly of my | | Hill, this county, who has been mites Omaha, Neb.. for several years, to the county on Wednesday on a visit. next regular quarterly meeting of Mont- gomery County rd will be held at Belteville | dinate grangos of Prince Georges conan inate granges ince ‘s will | also take part in the proceedings. Mra. Amanda Higgins, relict of the late Eric Higgins, died at her home in Potomac district on Saturday, in the sixty-seventh year of ber BAM | Corporations in the District of Columbia,which was given briefly in Tae Stam Thureday, pro- | vides that no corporation, association, copart- | nership, joint stock company or other company in the District of Columbia organized to con- struct or constructing any street car or other | and King Solomon are both spoken of as having | "ilroad, telegraph or telephone line or other | business of a common carrier which is given or may be given the use of any of the streets or i judges Emotent to limtt the Steck of in the aggregate to the cost, If it shall be desired &c., to ineue bonds upon by mortgage or otherwise, from to the court, setting amount should be paid to any officer or euch owners, whether it be a partnership association or Hicksville, L. L, Thursday to guard the works of the Hicksville Pearl Button Company, where strike has been in progress for the past week. merous panes of company ‘tor the, eosomenetation. of toate the company for the of their workmen was set on fire and almost totally de- stroyed. 02 CAME OUT AHEAD. the middle of the road,ezamined the horses with « somewhat critical eye, and enid, respeot- fulls if y nl aa ies f i i Jf if c i if 3 |