Evening Star Newspaper, March 19, 1892, Page 10

of beaaty, and in euch cases sho often ignores jedish coifures with enprems indifference, and makes such lavish display of ber crowning glory that she completely extinguishes her in~ dividuality and continues to be known only as the lady with the beautaful bair. THE SEASON'S STYLES. Some of the Dictates of the Variable Goddess, Fashion. PLAIN AND DRAPED SKIRT. Whe Former Still in Popular Favor—The Princess Gown and s Warning as to Its In- discriminate Acceptance—The Fit Must Be Perfect—Never Bo Overdressed. Written for The Evening Stan New Youx, March 18, 1822. VERY NOW AND THE: comes aramor thet the plain skicts which have taken such» bold upon popular favor—the gores, the umbrellas and the fan pleats —will soon make their final exit and be replaced by draped skirts of most intricate make; but each time the threatened revolution turns out to bea fashion A LITERARY at Bon. Ibelicv# a certain American sintesman once declared that he wonl? rather he right th: be President, and that reminds me of a remark my bearing by a prominent lady of the fashionable world, who declared that her have the reputation of being fashion batterfly” thau of an inte ia paper squib rather than | iectual grub, adaing that there were always = the canon of @ really | men enongh to write all the beoks the wor => \ wanted to read. Dut not all women bave such np es amo s designer. flo we SS" may possess our souls in adeas con ‘There wre many whe think that a gown should seem to be made for the woman and the woman not made to sho! at literary “at home’ prise Tmet a bevy of pretty wued in silke and crepons and et Yon could alniost have beld in garniture of all the followed the dietum contentment for some ebarming foot ruches, which, he Way. manifest « decided inclination to ome modish. T! { thing to avoid in a . Which ke’ use of pure Ino! the present, anyway. women velvety, the palm gowns in nee of stiffne en Fou mt foot ruche is the ap {fs almost sare to follow w how skillfully you may pink it ted French in fasbions who read conanha tence Ucestod rin | deshaeniiel nella te mera uaianeelty tet arefally box pleated, bu prefer comiug than plain black vebe ribbon, mixed with chiffon, +> modes I have mentioned 1 illustration I show you a vory let in heliotrope faille with » t ch, the corselet lacing up ia fro: irt aad corsage are set off with Bache: o: mand bebe ribbon imtermixed. Ls ig of binck lace with a v shaped €ctout ibe sleeves are made serti-transpar- and aro made up one fitted lining of Brns- sels net, cut in one piece, over which youmay full the lace to auit your taste. Avery pretty Variation in this gown may be had by making ue corselet of strups of velvet or ribbop in the Gamo shades 43 the gown. Probably it would be weit to utt warning a9 to the in: the princess gown. ercided by t for they are pretty to fm this style of gown. « Reasonable defects m. ally, if not tirely, rem makeshifts. Nor should « woman hating » very full figure with ps attempt cess gowns, for ft will only tend to neve nese Very ehar- acteristicn. Above ail m see to ft thatthe fit of a princess dress be less, and to this end there ny fullness in the uudergarmen a3 once shows itself by smoothness of fit #e requisite in this «t be persistently . thin figures, quite shapeioes DRESS=D To SUIT THE OCCASION. The fourth illustration represenis one of the dresses worn at this hiterary evening, where tea and wafers are supposed to be quite heavy | and stimulating e: © one’s best Gown. It is always necessary to make it upon | thoughts. It was af @ lining of either silesix or glace silk, and if| a velvet ceinture and you don't use siik lining, a piuked-ont frill of | lectual gru 1 fashion butter Bilk just touching the edze form a neat finish | fly the trar tho types are Bnd imparts to the garment the desired rustie | far removed, ceive by giancing 01 silk material. at my last il tion, in which I picture the cituzeness of the world of modes as she appears in the supper room a lovely yellow erepou, with a silk bodice to match, There is about this gown, wi dashing and assertive frills at the neck, waist and on the bottom of the skirt, a genuine tf effort to attain str: about them the trae by the beaut ‘A woman 5 1m this matter thet is, never be over, never be under dressed, bus always clad with Particular‘reference to the occasion, and thus rove that she is a reasoning being, using ress to express her thoughts. ‘This safe rule | would exclude brilliant red: a yellows from | the street and from many other places wher we should go soberiy 5 With respect to what will be modish in spring | headgear May say that the early summer ote will be a thing of flowers, violets, hya- cinths, cowslips, daisies, apple blossoms and other flowers that grow in old-fashioned gar- dens and orchards. They will be set upon an oval frame somewhat elevated in the center, and there will be a few loops of ribbon to match the strings inserted among the flowers, and these flowers are such perfect imitations thatin many cases it would cali for a trained eye to say which was nature and which wasart. Velvet will be largely used for ail flowers with soft petals, while nainsook and gauze will enter into the composition of those of a lighter order. There wiil be garlands to piace on @ bat or @ bonnet and the rose stalks will have thorns, as they should have, and the lilacs the brown wood on which they grow. Ina word, every- thing will be more beautiful than it was last year. ——+e--—____ AN UNDERTAKER'’S GLOOM. Business in Creede Mining Camp Not What He Expected. From the Chiearo Herald. reine Bar The second illustra eharming evening press. n represents a very ess for a young : The first man to arrive in camp was fellow cp spotted « il ee es Sen nus: | of somber mien. His eyes wero deep set and sarah of the same | Festless, his cheeks holiow and his voice low Tae sj aleeves, the b as well as the int where itis and rumbling. But he was a hustler. Within three days after his advent he had a substantial oue-story building erected on one of the finest sites of Jimtown. Across the front he spread the doleful iegend, ertaking and Embalm- ing on the Shortest Notice.” In the windows were neatly printed cards setting forth that all jobs would be “undertaken with neatness and dispatch.” When his store was opened it was noticed that his voice had lost much of its gauze or crepe about six inches thea folded and ore being sewed to the and e top bef ath there temmed masiin tos be necessary to have ad eeccomplisit the draping sb iow and to fasten the « ra in onier to nin oar illustra- <ng at the top be- fore drawing in t ‘3 and attach- | rambling tone, that his eyes were more tran- ing the floral ga sfter which quil end his cheeks looked as though they might | you must equalize bias folds and/ ‘iu out with slight encouragement Old a — — f. . So Xt | timers gathered “round, rubbing their - a latng. nd ii ish ot d 1H; - a SBENE pag | hands with satisfaction and warmly commend: ing his enterprise. “You'll etrich in no time, they declared; “just wait tll the start to pop.” Cheered by this comment. he did wait. ife ia waiting stil, Only one subject has passed through his my hands and that was a victim of disease nd not of mining camp sport. His big linen sign is getting dull; Lis inviting show cards have lost their spruceness; the woodpecker | taps not at all ip his silent workshop, and he | Lamsel? is getting stooper in the shoulders and \ away in the innocuous desuetude of pursuit, ‘The boys no longer come heer him up. On the other hand e oftea uplifted to a more hopeful ch adorns the cliff 800 fect above bis brious head. ‘This advertisement ects forth that he has a rival of greater vereatility— one who undertakes to “furnish everything from the cradio to the grave,” and who is cer- tain of some business between those extremes of human vicissitudes. << Drawing Near the Light Lo, when we grope the tangled wood chose, you maycaich up the siurta little on the left side with « bunch of the roses. The Qkirt bas uo belt, but is eljasted by means of amall cores. anand fastened k and cor. one seumn partner, 8 ie fitted pert @red with the tulle. wir Bnder cack arm. Sage the mate dows it is cross folds whieh got per part of the coz th, but lower cf firs Ke th into the material to form those ¢ the oj ‘yeut straight and @re dmped iniotwa pufis separated by the fo2e8. | the people to make REINDEER IN ALASKA. Why the Introduction of Them Would Be Impracticable eh CAUSE OF SCARCITY OF FOOD. Eskimos Have Always Regarded the Reindeer as Their Game and Will Not Ratee Herds ‘While Starving—Many Obstacles in the ‘Way—The Laplanders and the Chuckche Indians. ‘Witten tor The Evening Star, N THE 11TH OF DE- cember lant Mr. Teller of Colorado introduced in the Senate s bill “‘to secure the introduction of domesticated rein- deer into Alaska." The reason given by the originators of this benevolent measure for its submission to Con gress is the ecarcity of food threatening or ex- tating among the tn habitants of the littoral of Alaska—ehiefy on the coasts of the Arcticand Bering sea. [tis snid that the whalers have killed off both whales and walrus and thes cut off the food supply of the people. The gradual extinction @ marine animale cannot be denicd. ané |if from them came the principal food supply of our Eskimo relief sbonld bo afforded without delay, but in that ease would be cruolty, indeod. to in- troduce among them ananimal such es they ealwavs bunted and still hunt ip e wild snd then to ask or compel the starving to wait pationtly for years until tl ‘natural increase may permit of drawing ups the herds for food. If starvation existe now in Alaska—and it doe, locally and periodically— pd them meat, Ssh or flour, which can buted and carried to them berian roindeer can be ferried over on government ships. As ® meas ure of immediate relief something more prac tioable could. na doubt, be conceived. THE CAUSES OF SCARCITY OF FOOD From such information as is obtainable it wouid appear that thus far all instances of scarcity af food among the Eskimo tribes have Tung, atleast partially, from other sources the extinetion of the walrus. The fatal period of starvation on St Lawrence Island, which oecurred eleven or twelve yeurs aZo, was clearly traced to a failure on the part of the people to lay in their supplios at the proper Season, being thon incapacitated by protracted indulgence in lignore sold them by unscrapa- lous tracers. There haw been apparently no recurrence of sneb fatal negiect on this island, as the census returns show no further decrease of :population sines the great mortality of ater of 1579 and "80. At various poinis aloug the Arctie shore, also, deficiencies in the winter food supply ean generally be traced to failure on the part of of their opportunities atthe proper time. We must remember that nature 18 not generous with her children in those desolate regions, and that every devi ation from rules laid ‘down by nature brings about its own punishment. The causes of such failures are various. ‘The general assem- bling of the people at points visited by whale ships and their eagerness to trade away any- thing and everything for articles often useless or injurious to them are productive of want, directly as well as indirectly, by keeping them away from their fishing grounds. It is known that these people obtain liquors in spite of the persistent efforts of te revenue marine offi- cials, who can watch the const only during & limited period, and if the Arctic Eskimo can- not bay intoxicants he knows how to make them from the most innocent ingredients. For a brief period of boisterous hilarity or stupid oblivion he pays, later on, with the gnawing pangs of hunger. ANOTHER EVIL INFLUENCE, which, perhaps, causes as much mischief the liquors, emanates from the sway of the medicine man or sorcerer, who insists upon superstitious observances involving the sus- peusion of alllabor for weeks at a time and the avoidauce of certain hunting and fishing grounds for one or more seasons. ‘These su- perstitions are so closely interwoven with the whole social and economic structure of Eskimo life that it will require long years ef patiunt texching to eradicate them. SOURCES OF FOOD SUPPLY. It must be remembered that these people never depended upon the walrus alone for sub- sistence—the various species of hair seal always were and still are of paramount importance in their domestic economy. These seals (not ‘the fur seal) are bunted only by the Eskimo and they are nearly as plentiful as ever. They regret the extinction of the walrus more on account of its ivory, which commands good prices from the tradersand could boexchanged for liquors. As ior the whales, they are rapidly growi less, but while they still exist the natives aro d by the whalemen with implements for their capture far more efficient than any they ever had of their own manufacture, and many acarcass set adrift from whale ships floats to their shores. ‘The supply of fish is still undiminished everywhere in Alaska, It has been repre- sented that the salmon canneries have ab- sorbed the fish supply of the Eskimo, but there are uo canneries within » thousand miles of the Arctic Eskimo who are to be assisted, andeven in the immediate vicinity of the fisheries the natives prefer to curo for their own consumption varieties of salmon which have no market value, aud the canneries give them remunerative employment if they wish to r. Birds, of which they consume all kinds, have not perceptibly diminished in numbers, but energy and activity are necessary to secure them. ‘Life must always be» struggle in the arctic or subarctic regions. ‘TRIBES THAT SUFFER LEAST AND WHY. Starvation is not imminent or unavoidable. As far as known such instances as occur are due to various causes not easily remedied, and they are local, not general in their character. My own long experience in Alaska bas con- vinced me that the tribes who have been left to their own traditional devices and who have not been tempted to change their routine of hfe have suffered least. As an instance of this Imay quote the Island of Nunivak in Beri sea. It has rarely been visited and never had @ permanent white resident upon its shores. Up to within a few years the wild reindeer oF cariboo were abundant on this island, but, having obtained guns, the natives killed the reindeer to the tast on disposing of over 2,000 oday skins in a single sen there is not a reindeer garment to be found among the 700 in- habitzuis. They next turned their attention tothe walrus, wich formerly frequented the southern coast in large numbers, until the snnual catch has been reduced to twenty or thirty, One would naturally expeet to find ac: nd suffcring here, after the extermination of two such important animals, but such i» by no Th haste ang hurry to . Naugnt scem its leaves soma good, For all that they be fashioned fair. But locking up, at lart we see ‘The giumter of the epen ligt, From o'er the place where we Would be ‘Then grow the very vrambics Uright. So now, ataidst our day of stri With inaay 3 mat When ouce we see ht of life Gleam through the taugle of today. ‘a. Momnis. Dyetng Living Flowers. From the New Orleans Picayuno, It is said that two poor Purisian women, who earn 8 livelihood by making artificial flowers, ve hit on a process for dying natural flowers in brilliant hues. Public attention was called to the matter by florists who received in a lot of flowers some eweet williams of a bright, A CLASSTC MAIDEN. The modisied Greek eviffure seems to display the most stability justat present.although many famous hair dressers, both at home and abroad, are continually patting forth novel designs in ‘the bope that they may be forténate en to | green color. It seems that one of the women qreate style. A Reg Bear wom Parypeeg poured some paint into a bowl in which some ved eae Ai, Leta a dope from | natural flow. © was copying bad been put ee fod thal the lowers bad asenned ey ose ma Sante head, and the other portion paint. Being woman of inquiring mind Fee coutinued experimenting and succeded in = ‘ae ‘of ing various colursnever intended by ne- ‘the ends ‘twp and bottom of in medi- at commenced dyeing flowers for the mar- the coil In front there is = soft fringe of fetes ericnind has pace w oer sorta friates, lomoms, including white tilacs and camelias, hae teed eager ery ere ‘The oaly eolors employed by her at preseat are violet, and piuk. The violet is obtained ‘sing the “violet of Paris” dye, and the ‘char pus mo Gun eve chomiaad compounds with Dames, one of which contains twelve and the other twenty syllables means the cuse. ‘The seal, the white grampus, the fish caught in their shallow streama all kinds of aquatic birds fill their store houses to overflowing, and they are the healthiest and heartiest natives 1 have found in Alaska. So little are they pressed for food that they pay no attention to the vast flocks of arctie grouse or WASHINGTON. strive to gather at certain points for a sort of midsommer fair, and they visit and trade with the a they never combine the two ‘mowing it would be impracti- - cable. AMONG THB CHURCHE ‘erBenta also we find two dietinct cinarce—the whaling and fishing coast people of Bering sea and the in Bhed villages; and the ‘ho roam over the limitices moors and tundra end erect their tents where- ever their flocks are feeding. During the sum- mer a general movement toward the sca is in- augurated, in order to communicate ard trade with their brethren on the conet. Here, also, the people do not attempt to combine the two purtuits or to change fram ono to the other, ough they naturally become familiae with ench other's advantages and mode of Li A DIFFICULT UNDERTANING. To induce our arctic and Bering sea Eskimo to discontinue their prosent mode of life, based ‘upon traditions and experience of ages, and to adopt another totally different in its every re. quirement, would, in my opinion. be the work of several generations, if itean be accomplished atall. The change would involve the evolution of & nomadic, pastoral om a settled whaling, seal-bunting and fishing people—a process the difticaltics of which must be patont toall who have bad opportunities to observe savage tribes It would uave been less imprac- ticable, whan the bnffalo became extinct, to settle our plains Indixus upon islands in the Ocean to make their living at deep-sea fishing. A RADICAL CHANGE. ‘The whoie eocin! life and domestic economy of the Eskimo are intimately connected with the bunting of marine animals and of sea $24 mith Gabing. | They are gregarious ie their habits and social in their disposition They like to gather at certain coaut villagos during the long winter nights to past dnys and weeks in feasting, dancing and 4 performances. As reindeer men they would Le scattered over the interior in small. solitary groups They are without tribal organizations; they know not the meaning of obedience to any person or to laws or regulations. How then may they be induced to wait for the nataral increase of an nimal which they have been in the habit of shooting at sight, as representing se much meat and a skin of a certain valne? The fact that the wild reindeer ot eariboo is by no means extinct does not facilitate the solution of the problem. ‘Tho animals would mingle, and there can be question as to whether the domestic or the savage instinct would pre vail. 4 AUTHORITY ON THE ESKIMO AND THB REIN- DRER Mr. Henry D. Woolfe, whose resideree in aro- to Alasks extends over period of ten years, writes as follows on this subject: “The reindeor in the primitive times of hunt- Ing was secured with bows and arrows; with rawhide snares set among the dwarf willows that line the creeks, in great brushwood cor- tals in the timbered country, into which herds were driven te be slaughtered; by chasing them in canoes and spearing thein while cross- ing lakes or lagoons; latterly by chasing herds of deer with dogs after the tawns are dropped, driving them into tho rivers and rushing tor- rents, where the fawns are drowned, “Nearly every male Eskimo owns a rifle and sometimes two. I think 8,000 to be a fair esti- mate of the number of deer killed annually by the natives north of Bering straits, but the number varies with the rigor or clemency of the season. The Eskimo spare neither young nor old when a herd is found, and little suck- ling fawns, as well as does carrying young, fall Victims to their guns. * “From July to September the instincts of the deer induce them to come from tho interior to the seacoast to obtain rest and partial freedom from the swarmsof mosquitos that infest the in- land swamps, and also to get suline matter from the herbage and moss growing in proximity to the ocean. In September they commence their inland migration, and trom July to the middle of October they are rathi y tives. Some rest is afforded to the animals during the dark days that prevail in the arctic zone from November to January, but in Feb- Tuary the hunter again takes the field, and, as the does have their young in April, a number of them are hunted down when they are least able to run. “When it is considered that a deer weighing 125 pounds is consumed ata single sitting by five or eix natives it may be readily perceived that the average returns of a successful hunt ing party must be large to feed # village.” A REVENUE MAMINE OFFICER'S OPINION. Lieut. %. C. Cantwell of the United States revenue marine, who hus conducted several explorations in arctic Alaska writes: “The reindeer furnishes the principal article of food for the natives of the interior for six months of the year. * * * They drive the deer ton jake or river, and inte it the whole herd plunges to seek escape by swimming to the other shore. The hunters follow in cunoes,and often hundreds are killed in this manner. 'An- other way of trapping decr on a large scaio is to drive herd intoa narrow gorge which is filled with snow drifts. When the animals at- tempt to cross these drifts they break through the thin upper crust and thus fall an easy prey to their enemies.” TO ENFORCE PROTECTIVE RULES among our Eskimo is altogether impracticable unless we have a very large police force of white men, and this, again, would involve the employment of numerous individualsin regio: where they would be beyond the control of superiors. “In fact one of the most objection- able features of the project is that, in order to give even a faint promise of success, it necessi- tates the employment of large numbers of men in inaccessible regions and in positions which able, relinble and respectable men would scarcely covet or be induced to accept. ANOTHER IMPEDIMENT in the way of:propagating the tame reindeer in Alaska is found inthe Eskimo dog, who now fills a very important post in his master’s house- hold. He occupies the position of draught ani- mal and occasionally of pack animal aneiig tt winter, and while thus employed he is fed. During the summer he is allowed to support himself, and thus he has acquired the habit of hunting in packs, which would be extremely unpleasant for the tame reindeer aud their young. The transition from dog driving to reindeer driving would also require a process extending over years of time, and in the mean- time the Eskimo could not do without his faith- fal canine companion, BELIABLE GUARDIANS NECESSARY. It may be safely asserted that should the pro- ject find favor with Congress it would be neces- sary to place it during all its experimental stages into the hands of reliable white men, who, first of all, should gain experience in the management of deer on some of the large un- inhabited islands of Alaska. Tho cost of this, the transportation of the deer and their subse quant distribution would be large and much time would seme before the final stage of educating the Eskimo to the change could be reached; and, though it ia undesirable to make dependents ‘upon public bounty of a People hitherto self-supporting, if they must be fed the object could probably be realized in some other manner at much less expense. Ivax Petnorr, Special agent in charge of the Alaska census. ee A Negro’s Stratagem. From tie Atlanta Constitution, ‘The real “befo'-de-wah” negro wit is seldom seen now, but this incident will show that he is tirely gone, Sam, a very lazy gar- dener, was bending over s row of peus ina ratl ady corner of the garden ‘and was well at his employer remaining in- doors. But when she came to give some orders, inspect the growing plants and put Sam to real work, he betbought himself of an xpedient to get rid of her. Sniffing the air ‘and lookin, muttered: ““Sho's You dawn dar's er snake bin ‘round here.” ‘hen, asshodid not hear him, he repeated his romark. Gathering her ekiste she ‘beat a tarmigan which inbab:t the nd low Kills, totally undisturbed by vent of a stranger aniong them. TEE TAME REINDEER. After this brief inquiry into the food supply hasty retreat, and from arafe distance. asked him how be knew there wasa enake around. “Oh, I smells ‘em! 1 kin allus smell ’em when cum where dey's bin.” This was enough for the Indy and.she retreated to the house. Looking out from the window of the houso she saw the old negro holding his sides and laughing ily at his own shrewdness. His plan worked, and he had an easy time of it the Fest of that da For the Four Hundred, How Washington Looked to a Soldier, Who Came Here in 1862, BiS MROOLLECTION OF HIS ARRIVAL AND FIRST DAY'S EXPERIENCES IX THR CAPITAL—HOW ‘WasuixeTox DEVELOPED PROM 4 MUD- SOLE—SURPRISES FOR THE O. 4. VETERANS. $6 AS1LOOK AT WASHINGTON Now, Said a man iu middle lifo, who has lived here ever since the close of the war, toa Stam Teportor, “I cannot heip thinking of the im- pression! received of the capital city when I first evtered it gs a soldier in 1362 I was then nothing buts boy, not eighteen years old, and my life bad been passed in the good city of Bos- ton, whick at that time had the reputation of being the cleansst city in the Union I can well recbllect when I was a little fellow watch- ing the cangs of men go up Washington street —fretc crowd with watering pots and then a crowd with brooms and then following them Were the carts and men with shovels, who took up all the dirt and carted it away, leaving the block pavement almost as clean as a floor. When Mr. Lincoln's call for 300,000 more came, after the retreat of Banks in the val- ley, I was one of those who entbusiasti- Tesponded end enlisted in com- of the fortieth Massachusetts ntry. I was at college at that time and this was during the vacation, and when I told my father what I had done he was very angry and threatened to prevent my going, which he cotld have doae, because, as [ have said, I was under eighteen years of age. But we rearoned the matter and J pleaded so hard to be allowed to go to war that he finally reluctantly gave his consent upon my prot ‘that if, after I got out into the field, I was taxen sick or injured in any way I wonid promptly let him know and he would feoure my discharge. So I started in for a sol- fier, and after my regiment had been in camp at Boxford for » while, during which we wore taught the rudiments of drill and the dutics of camp life, we started for Washington, arriving hore, I think. on the 10th of September © THE WAY TO THE CAPITAL “The trip to this city wae one continued ovation whezevor the train stopped until after we left Philadelphia end crossed the Maryland line. Just before reaching Baltimore the train stopped and we were all served with ten rounds of cartridges, because it was not known what Sort {i reception we would receive in that city, &nd it was determined by our colonel that if any attack was made upon us, as was made upon the sixth Massachusetts a year before, we should pay the mob back in their own leaden ‘There was no trouble, however, and we dat Washington just about dusk As the train rolled into the depot and Isaw the great white dome of the Capitol I began to realize what the seat of government was and how necessary it was to defend itatall hazards. I imagined that I should find » city of broad streote and avenues, as I had read, and that it would be a city of which every trae American ought tobe proud. My high- flown ideas were very rudely dispelled when we debarked on New Jersey avenue, and the first thing thas caught my eye was a great big fat old sow and three little pigs who wore hav- ing a great time in the abundant mud that filled the midale of the street. I enme to the conclusion then and there that Washington Was notas cleanly or well kepta city us it might be, and the next day, when we marched through the town and out’ through George- town and across the Chain bridge to old Fors Etban Allen, my impression in’ that respect was thoroughly confirmed. AT THE SOLDIERS’ REST. “The first night in this city was spent in the Soldiers’ Rest, a great big building right next to the Baltimore and Obio depot, which was used as a temporary rest for regiments arriving here en route to the front and for soldicre who were temporarily in this city and had no other place to go. It was nota very inviting place, and Yet it served an exceileut purpose and gave shelter to thousands and thousands of soldiers. I think some day some one ought to write the history of that Soldiers’ Rest, for it would be interesting to every soldier who had been tem- Porarily housed thero. “Aa i remember the city then but on Was paved and that was Pennsylvania Tho Washington and Georgetown Railway Company was the only street car line in opera- tion, and I remember I utilized it as far as it went in Georgetown instead of marching with the rest of the boys,and thereby avoided a flood deal of the fatigue which they suffered. he other streets were all dirt roads, and most of them were cut into deep ruts by the trains of army wagons that were constantly coming and going with supplies for the troops. Little did I think on that day that Washington would be my future home, and that I should become so deeply interested in its welfare. It was over two scars after that wheu I finally came to Washington to live, and there had been com- paratively little chango in that time except {that tho streets seemed ‘more muddy on wet laysand more ghastly on dry days than when I first saw it. fabs HOW THE CITY WAS CHANGED. “We who have lived here and have seen the gradual development from that mad hole of which Ihave spoken to the present magnificent city, with its well-paved streets and avenues, its beautiful shade trees, its wide expanse of parking, and its carefully kept government Feservations, with its then waste spaces, built up with handsome private residences and its then straggling business strects now lined with substantial and attractive business houses, can- not realize how great will be the astonishment and surprise of those old soldiers who will come here next September and gaze upon Washington for the first time since they left it atthe close of the war. Last summer I was up in New England and attended a reunion of my old regiment. Ont of a thousand and more whom we took into the field there were 173 who tatdown toa banquet in that cradle of liberty, old Faneuil Hall. Every, man with whom I talked expressed his’ intention of coming to Washington at the next national ecampment of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic. He was not only coming himself, but going to bring bis wife and family. ‘Chose who were not plethoric in this world’s goods said they had already commenced to save up money for the trip. Most of them had a general idea that Washiugton had grown and improved in appearance, but not one of them who had not since been ‘to this city had any conception of the great change which had taken place in the national capital. It was curious to listen to some of the questions that were asked me in regard to localities about which they knew, but which had long since ceased to be recognized here; and when I tried to toll them of the great transformation that had taken place in the city they opened their eyes in wide astonishment. A SUGGESTION FOR THE G. A. R. COMMITTEE. “Tt seems to me that it would be an excellent idea for the executive committee having charge of the national encampment to secure from the War Department a plan of Washington as it was during th ° pe iod of the war, showing th various hospitals, military barracks and other buildings that were occupied by the army and then transfer these to the present plat of the city so that the visiting veterans could at least G0 to the localities which they once knew and personally see the great change that had taken place. would be especially interesting to those who were wounded and brought here and lay for weeks or months in the hospitals under treatment. They will be surprised to ree handsome private residences whero they re- member but the low wooden buildings that formed the hospital wards. The cavairymen who were encamped on what is now Connecti- cut svenue will hardly be able to locate their former quarters among the handsome resi. dences in that fashionable quarter, but if they have a map showing between what streets theiz former camp was located it wauld be interest- ing for them to go out there and see the alter- ations that have taken place. “J look forward to seoing very nearly half a million of peopte in Washington during the national encampment next September. I be- lieve that their coming will do more to implant in the minds of tie people turoughout the en- tire country an affection and pride for th ital city of this great republic than any ey which has occurred in our bistory, and I think that itis the duty of every resident of Wash- ington to do everything in his power to aid tha committee having the arrangements in 80 that no veteran shall goaway without feeling that he has enjoyed a greater measure of com- fort and:satistuction than bas been accorded him at any encampment of the Grand Army since its organization.” Pathways Over the Sea and the Regulations | F®¢ts About Them Which Are Net Popa- LEEDT. WAYDEN'S REMARKS ON STEAM LANES ACROSS THE AYLANTIC—LIEUT. maUat's FLAN AND WOW IT MAS BEEN MODIFIED—TwE ROUTES ADOPTED GIXCE THR MARINE COXFERENCE WAS UELD, some INTS ON CLAMS. larly Known. PUT ONE IX A PAN OF SEA WATER AXD ODSERYE WHAT & WONDERFUL CREATURE IT 18—TuE YOUNG CLAM IN THE NURSERT—INDIANS Wao ARE FOND OF THE MOLLUSKS, S6"J,HE CLAM IN POINT OF MERIT seoms always te have been over- As STATED IN THE STAR, LIEUT. EVER- shadowed by the ovster,”’ said an ichthrologist ett Hayden read a paper before the Co- | to a s; lumbian Engineering Society Tuesday aight on | tusk “Steam Lanes Across the Atlant The paper was devoted to a consideration of the routes followed by trignsatlantio steam- ships, and it was illustrated by three large charts showing the origiual linesrecommended by Lieut. Maury in 1855, those recommended by the pilot chart of the north Atlantic ocean in 1887, and, finally, those recently adopted by the principal steamship companies and now sctunlly in force. The importance of this plan, “8 regards avoidance of collisions and the Safety of navigation generally, especially in crossing the Grend Banks, whers fishing ves- seleare at anchor, wat referred to, and it was stated that probably ni 80 much the adop ject as Sometimes acanmed 1 is essen ti: be further ‘trom the trath’ and prac! case may between t0 ii tion of theae routes. not to what his? plan actually was. hat tl ally that of Maury, but nothin, tical explanation be compared to that of railway Ne w York and San Franciseo. THE MAURY PLAN To give a sim of the differenee ‘0 recent action bas done nercase the eafety of navigation as A ‘great deal is said about the lane routes Lieut. Maury, and yet there Seneral knowledge among those especially interested in the sub- | duced t ie plan now adopted — pt the travel A rough idea of the plan recommended by Maury can be obtained by imagining all weet- bound trains to go via the Central Pacific rail- toad and all east-bound trains via the South- ern Pacific. contrary, be for The pla now ndopted, on the following the same comparison, would west-bound trains to go on the north- ern track of the Central Pacific and all east Vound trains to go on the southern track, with this additional condition, iz, that daring the be winter seasom the entire trailio woul shifted at e certain definite date to the Southern Prvifie tracks. difference of these two plan apparent. Maury adopted after the tion, whet system, moreover, n the pr The fundamental thus clearly was daye of steam naviza- valling ocean currents and winds were of vastly more importance @s fac- tors than route was far to the south, th take advantaze of the favoral rent, although at the ex greater distance Race, Newfoundlan¢ creased di mach mor of the favorable curren by the fact that in the early westerly they are at present, distance—the being the the " southernmost Nowa‘lay: shortest point istant re than does a winds were of so much His east-bound @ object being to ble easterly cur- pente of a considerably Possible line elose to Cape however, the in- along the sonthern route very with the advantage This is shown, also, 3 the prevailng influence as a factor in this question that the fastest records &t present, and probably for all future time, the fastest records are those of west-boand steamships. Nowadays ahead wind, if it be | The object of shifting the rafts to the south- more strictly ward dw AVOIDING THE ICEBERGS. ring the winter, or, were always made by east-bound vessels, but rather as an ad- speaking, from the middle of January to the middle of July, is to avoid the icebergs and | field ico that make navigation dangerous of | the coast of Newfoundland and over the Grand | Banks during these months. Manry’s mistake | Gf wo may so call it) was in tixing the north- ernmost (west bound) route so far to the north for the entire year, but his argument was that the fact that it was blocked by ice during a Portion of the year was no more argument | against its advantages than is the fact that the Erie canal in New ‘ork is blocked by ice dur- ing tho winter any strong argument against ite usefull ness. The plan now in force is the legitimate and immediate result of the plan devised for and recommended on the pilot chart in 1887, and it may be said to have been adopted largely as a result of the discussion of this important sub- t before the recent marine conference at | ject Aran. The rst step was taken by lines running to Queenst: certain definite rou and the Fastnet (at i land), which their between Sandy closely as possible. THE NEUTRAL zorE. and they laid down Hook extreme soutb of Ire- sels were to follow as One important feature of the plan may be Teferred to here, and this is one of the great differences between the present scheme and that of Maury: ‘The two lines thatare laid down on the chart (thé northernmost for west-bound and the southernmost for east-bound vessels) serve as the southern and northern limits, re- spectively, for west-bound and east-bound ves- sels, so that there abelt of neutral zone be- tween the two, within which no steamship shall go, although they may deviate slightly from these lines on tho side opposite to this neutral zone. The belt between the two lines is only about fitty or sixty miles broad at its broadest point and at each end its breadth diminishes to zero, In winter, or rather during the ice sea- son, both routes, and, of course, the belt in- cluded between them, are moved far to the southern in the region of the Grand Banks, the termini, of course, remaining the same aa be- fore. DEFINITE ROUTES ADOPTED. In view of the fact that certain definite routes have been adopted, the pilot chart has itself, of course, adopted the new plan, which, as described above, docs not differ materially from the one thatit has recommended for several years. The present plan may, in fact, be said to be considerably more rigid in its re- quirements than that recommended by the pilot cart, inasmuch as the present planallows no deviation from certain efinite ines over the western half of each track, whereas tha pilot chart plan allows a wost-bound vessel to go anywhere to the north of the northera lin and an cast-bound vessel to go anywhere to th south of the southern line. Again the pil chart routes were not shifted far to the south- ward ata certain arbitrary date without regard to the severity son, but the January 15) the ice sea- ition where they crossed the Danks was laid down cach month, accorai to the amount of ice reported during the previous month. In some @ this hasan vantage over the present plan. During the present season, for stance, there has been very little azd the northern routes might have bee! followed up to the present time, thereby re- very great saving of coal through e saving of distance traveled, not to speak of the saving in time, which is, in’ many ways, uf great importance. ‘The importance of the traffic along this grest sulting i highw: of comm¢ calculations made by Mr. Hayden a ago, which shows that in round numbers it rep- resents a gers and very great increase in yearly azgregate of 1,000,000 31,006, and already it is reported that new 6! in comparison with waich even the Er beng Rare ane smal and ley, | bout an bout to cock, at theead cf Shick Present ocean greyhounds. The adoption of these safe and definite routes for transatlantic steamships may justly be regarded as one of the most tifying sults of the ones agitation of, the Se nese A Suggestion. may be realized by the years 000,000. All signs point to a re- atthe TaR writer. “Yet the more humble m which finds « domicile in sand or mad, is & vory useful as well as admirable creature. You know the ‘squirt’ clam, which is #0 justly Popular in New England, whore it is some- times called the ‘sand gaper’ or ‘old maid." It is an animal unattractive enough in appearance when newly dug up. But put it into » pan of shallow sea water and yon will presently ob- serve some things about it that will surprise you. 18 ITs NATIER ELEWENT. “As soon as the clam, thus restored te its Batura! element, has regained confidence it stretches out its tube or ‘neck’ to « length of Several inches, perhaps nearly afoot. Then it ia seen that this important organ bas twe oyen- ings at the end, fringed with appendages like little feelers. Two tubes pase through 2 the motion of smali hairlike ‘e MEN WHO WRITE ror nora Story Writing for Boys is Saki to Be Bim- ealt, but Profitable From the Epoch. A curious fact on the commercial side of Mt erature is the money which men beve made ja writing for boys or in purveying for their rea@e ing. Take J. T. Trowbridge, for example, live ing in idle luxuriance in Italy on the profits @f his boy#’ stories. Oliver Optic has also made sug fortune out of his books. Horatio Alger, Jr., still receives larger prices tor his serials for boys than do a majority of the bigher Setion writers. Col. Thomas W.Knox has made Bimeeif rich throngh his stories of travel for ae A. Hecty, the English foveniios, i the most popular sutbor in England today in point of anles Over 130.009 copies of his boo Fear. and in America be sel .000 during a year madoa o: comfortable forts neea the nom de has a spler lining the interior of tho animal. The clam has viscera, # beart, a siomach into which the month opens almost directly —but I did not in- tend to give you an anatomical lecture. WHERE THEY ARE FOUND. “These ‘equirt or ‘tong’ clams are found plentifaily se far north ae the arctic ocean. where the seals, walrus, polar bears and foxes feed upoo them greedily. Their habitat extends as far south as Cape Hatteras, below which they are scarce. They thrive also along the northern coasts of Europe and on the shores of Japan, Alaska and uortheastera Asis ‘The young clam, as soon ashe wold enough to establish a dwelling for himself, prot his foot, which is at the opposite end from the neck, and proceeds to dig with it. This foot is really a very remarkable instrumont, inas- much as the animal can alter its shape at will so that it becomes a spade, ® hook, a sharp wedge or « pointed graving tool. With it the clam digs down for six or eight inches into tho sand, leaving extended belind Lim bis spbor- like neck. DRINKS WITH a B:PaOX. “It is by means of this siphon tbat the clam maintaine communication with the surface. Having neither the means nor the inclination for roaming. it depends for food upon micro- scopie articles which are sucked an with the current of water through the tube, the water bringing oxygen also to the gills. Its burden unloaded, the water dows out through the dis- charging tubes, carrying with it all excremen- titious matter.’ This current is continuous, #0 that it is never long between drinks with this bivalve, which fact may perhaps account for the origin of the phrase, “happy as a clam. “The spawning season of ‘squirt’ clams com in June and July. In issuing from the ova: of the feraaie the eggs find their way into ies of the outer gills, where they are fruc There they develop into little clams ju ch to be seen with the naked ey when they are discharged by thousands ito the water aud left to tako care of themselves. AS individuals their chance of surviving is small, inasmuch as fishes and many other enemies are always on the lookout for them. However, cach one anchors itseif to the bottom bya slender thread, holding on with all ite might against the currents and making the best of the situation. After a whilo, thongh jv when is not known, they make burrows in the sand or mui, thus rendering themselves com- paratively secure against foes of all sorts. ACROSS THE CONTINENT. “Hogs on Long Island and elsewhere know how to dig for clams very well. They go out upon the flats at low water and root wherever the pressure of their weight causes a squirt to jappear. This is a very cheap and profitable | method ofkceping swine. In winter the clams | bury themselves deeply, but icicles are often | found in their shells. These molluska, which, as buman food and for bait, constitute an im- riant element of the marine wealth of the ited States, have been recently transplanted to the Pacitic ‘coast, being carried across the | continent with the oyster seed which is aunu- auls transported in large quantities trom the eastern states. ‘hey have thriven greatly, succeeding where the oysters hay have stocked San Francisco bay with « ne food eupply. INDIANS AS CLAM HUNTERS “The pilgrim fathers and other early colou- ists in this country found the Indians ‘treading’ and diving for ‘round’ clams, otherwise knows inthe aboriginal tongue as ‘quhaugs.’ They adopted the former method, and to this day their descendants in New England can be seen allalong the coast wading im the water an: feeling with their toes for the mollusks, which ie buried usually in mud that is thick grown with seaweed. The animal always lice with the edge of its sbeli out of the mud in order to breathe and the feeling of it to the foot is un- mistakable. Diving and ‘treading’ for qua- hangs among the Indians used to be performed by the squaws and older euildren, such labor being beneath the dignity of the men. At Present oyster tongs, rakes and dredges are employed for the purpose. manufactured money out of the shellsas well as arrow points, scrapers, spoons, paint bolders and pA ns utensils, In their me * * thedainty Indian maize ‘Was cat with clam sheils out of wooden trays.’ THE ORIGIY OF THE CLAM BAKE. “The Indians in the old days were great eat- ers of clams, as is proved by the enormous de- posite of the shells which remain along the | shores of bays and estuaries. They dried clams as well ss oysters in. the mn on pieces of bark, ‘thus preserving ym for purposes of tra; ‘The coast tribes conquered by the powerful Six Nations paida large tribute of clams, which wore regarded as a great luxury in the interior not only the imterior of the Indiau, I mean, but of the country. Inthe summer and fall ‘the savages came to the seashore for the par- pose of celebrating their great festival of the Green corn, on which occasion clams, eucetlent earsof corn and scaweeds were roasted tuzether. Itis from this custom that the modera clam bake was derived. TOR PROPER KIND OF A BAKE. “The art of preparing a clam bake is ro garded as of no small importance in New Eng- land, where men who have obtained eelebrity in this line of cookery trave! about the country every summer and charge prices for ministering on such occasions. To begin with, a bearth, which may 2 gizvaler oc goad rangular, is made with flat stones, upon whic! fire is kept up until they are red hot. The fi ie then removed and a inyer of seaweed is placed over the stones. On top of the seaweed is pat a layer of clams, then another layer of Roan, teguber wit’ pe eae 1 with potatoes and ot! vegetables. Then comes a layer of oysters, crabs in sacks, poultry dressed and seasoned, ‘and more seaweed on top of all. Finally canvas is laid over the amoking Leap and covered with wet seuweed to prevent the steam from escap- ing. This marine barbeeue requir=s everything is done exactly to a turn, eac — foo Be flavor which no other possibly confer. ay the tots are with us.” “What do the ladies do?” “Well, the average woman who may come in ‘with » child usually begins by depositing it on {' over- | The aborigines | moral for prebo Ss atking nr * whose mam: a almost evers bore sand Tasked him the secret of writing jrveniie Dove want, and ‘them new. Lows i various boyy’ pe # with Whom | Lecame acquainted earl 4 Loy #serial you must havea, This wast be com- and the « main plot interest of a boy in ou bave to ond tig poimte—these net that. Then thee ought to Le as foll such a wa: reading f eof Sour oe have your wai clowply imterente jug, with & touch of mystery im tt—renning through the whole, aud in owing foe sity so as end; then ® strong complioati the oth te paber be may pick 0 mean alwass an to make « chmax tmind ch ly. but your must re = in action, uot by taeiog oe os older readers in } detecting buncombe ur Gombast. hey want @ hero, but he must ve bito~eli such by bras honest endavor, nc " by preaching. see — Differences im Suttering. From the Londow day We cannot expla:n the grim fact of alll auimal suffering as we caa a great proportion of that endured by hamanki the just retribution for pe in the world of the fathers are not yiuted upon the children ‘even to the first and second generation: not be- cause the ge nstitution of man, gf being cannot do de more than use an UnreRson wrong, and in this re tiving machine, actuated end impelled by blind instinets. And the instivets of an animal all tend in the direction of self-preservation. They teach it to satisfy its needs, but without giving | was to excess; they preserve it from | duigence im the bo.! | a word, to observe are very apt to fell mto the haLit of estimating the pain inflicted upon an animal by a given that whic a correspondmg injury Would occasion in ourselves, But are we justi- fied in doing so? Fo even in the human subject, accly a relative term. It expresses a very real se: but it does not express its degree. And, as far as mankind coucerned, the seme of pain, in the intensity im which it eam be felt. wepeuds very largely indeed upon two great f. The first of these ss civilization. It is almost @ truism to assert that the white man suffers indinitely more from a bodily savage. His brad outcome of cent ment, are far more developed and far } highly strung; so that Dr. Pekin, who, in the | course of along series of surgical operations performed npon patients of ali nationalities, enjoyed unusual facilities for forming an opin ica, arrived at the deliberate conclusion that the susceptibility to pain of an average Earo- | pean, as compared with that of the average 0, Was as three to one. The stoicism of orth American Indian at the stake bas been adduced as astriking evidence of fortitude underextreme suflering; but it seeme, as a matter of fact, to be quite as largely di to dulluess of the ‘seuxory nerves, And it is well kuown that savazes of olmont everr race nparauvely umaifected int-lectaal | will endure, and be | by, injaries that wo: | man prostrae. W horrible rites of * privileges of aw |dams, the Maquard dane | Gusema and the still more hideous of many of tue North Amers | when we read of for example, the own thigh, after ere compound fracttre, presented; and o oad, waore skuli had been broken in by @ ya trom a knobkerry, submitzing calmly and out uflasthetice to Ue operation of trepan- walking afterward as though ta third holding almost entirely sliced off by's blow from a «word, and yes yelling and shouting with bis comrades im the full enjorment of vietory—-we may vot feel inclined ‘to deny that the savage feels, but we cannot hold that he feels we feel. ‘And the second factor 1s that of education, | which greatiy increases che natural euseeptibt | ity to pain. The ngricuitural laborer is mu: | tows sensitive of nerve than tue artisan, and the | artisan than tho scholar and the bramworker, ‘And Dr. Felkin, in tho imvestigations alluded te | above, also discovered that the effect of « fair | measure of educa’ IPO 4 LegTO was to ine crease his susceptibility to pain by one-third, For educaticn, which 1s only civilization care | ried on, results in a still Of the brain and conse« vetem whica dene for increased intelligence is pat sensibility to pain. so that m the man of is ’ by the pionghinau will be but wearcely nomeed at all. F. and the bruiu alone, that fools, although actual sensgtion is localized. Cut the trunk nerve which cooncets the seat of the with the brain and the pain —— instantiy ceasos to produced = riences. And it is therefore easy to under- stand how the degree of development to which the Drain bas atiained affects ond controls the of intonsity of possible Wien we TT = pared with that of ‘one to three, what relation to the Titer. is Dorme the sensitiveness of the. of the bird? the reptile and the fish? of creatures still? Ascertained facts. indeed, suem s that by the lower forms of $ ! i j it AS fi! Hi >i it I & Girls who sew for « living oftea suffer from sozeneas in what iesometimes called the thimble finger, and serious inflammation often the result. Nosewmg giri or woman should lot herself be tempted by the low price of thimbles, which aro composed of lead or