Evening Star Newspaper, August 8, 1891, Page 12

12 — JAPANESE FOLK LORE. How the Oriental Artist Makes Stories Without Words. SOME INTERESTING LEGENDS. ‘The Clam That Makes Mirages—The Envious Neighbor—The Stingy Man and the Cook— Japanese Fairy Tales—A Regular Sinbad— ‘The Monkey and the Crab. ‘Written for The Evening Star. © YOU KNOW WHAT this picture means?” said a Stan reporter to the Japanese curio man. It illus trates an old Japanese In the fog which arises from the seacoast mirages are seen. It is a Japanese clams breathe thick vapor, and ships and land- scapes are reflected in it mJ just as they would be in a looking glass. This represents & clam in the act of breathing out ® vapor on which the tops of palaces, houses and trees are shown; it is “Shin Riro” (vision of the palace of the gods of the sea). Our artists are fond of “Certainly. legend. legend that picture called Laustrating legends ard fairy stories. “The picture on this teapot illustrates the mory of the elves and the envious neighbor. na time there en by the dark- was driven to seck In the middie of the elves assembled at the ‘This is the legend: wase man who, bein ness in the mountain: abelter in shollow tree. ight a large party of One: ov SHIN KIno. lace, and the man peeping out from his bid- FE After a while the elves began to feast ani drink wine and amuse themselves by singing and dancing in the moonlight until at Iast the man forgot all about iis fright and crept out of the hollow ing place was badly frightened. tree to join the revela “When the day was about to dawn the elves jolly com- dance with You must make us a promise to re- So the elves, thinking to bind the man to his bargain to return, took a large wen that grew on his forehead and kept Upon this they ail left the place said to the man, ‘You are a ver; panion, and you must come out an Us again. turn and keop it it in pawn. and went home. “The man walked home in great glee at bav- ing passed a jovial night and got rid of lis wen im the friends, who con- gratulated him warmly on being cured of his wen. But also was troubled standing, who when envy to pass the night. \ AS soon as TM he saw this he came out of the hollow THE EXVIOUS YEIOMPOR. tree and began Singing and dancing as his neighbor had done. elves, mistaking bim for their former boon companion, said: “You are & good fellow to recollect your prom- ise and we will give vou back yout pledge. So one of the elves, p his pocket, stuck it on the man's forehead on top of th> wen which be already had. So the envious neighbor weat home weeping, with tead of one. This is a good lesson ing it for themselves. nese are not devoid of a sense of continted the curio man, as shown by the story of th. stingy maa and the cook, ‘as represented on this plaque. TRE STINGT MAN AND THE Coo. “A very economical old fellow named Kisabaro | Cover should then be put over shop to which the ily for the delicacy of The appetizing odor was watted ro, Ley | aman of red. his frugal meal of boiled rice by his palate and the avery Mfactorioe and thus Of fish and vegetables, “The eel frier on discove Ting this made up Bis mind to charge his stingy neighbor for the smell of his eels and paid him a visit, with out. Kisaburo, taking it in good le, who brought the cash g the money he touched it oek- ence took lodgings near elite of Yeddo resorted fried eels into his quarters and Kis Strong unagination, daily enj smoke of eels through hi saved the usual expen bis bill ma humor, called bis After jingi on the bill and replaced it in the ing {t,ordered his wife to retu The el man, amazed at such eried out, “Well ox an its place. are you not going to pay me?’ “Ob, no,’ said Kisaburo; “you charged me for the smell of sour cels and I have paid you ck with the sound of my money “Some of the Japanese fa tinued the curio man, “cle tales of the Arabian Nights. Bumeroas and amusing, can Bindad the Sailor of Japan. ih “Once upon time there wasa crab who lived inahole on and one the shady side of » hill. day he found a bit of rice cake. An ape, was just finishing a persimmon, met jar alley exchange the for the rice cake. The sim) accepted the proposition and the ex: made. The a crab backed off home and planted mon seed in his garden. A fine tree snd the crab was delighted at the enjoying the delicious fruit. the ape came along, and being ‘nun; gratulated the crab on his fine tree and some of the fruit, offerin, it himself. The ets ate the ripest of the food as fast as he could crab now dete to ont- wit the monkey, and pretending to enjoy the insults as good ‘jokes he dared the monkey to show his skill, if he could, by descending head foremost. The ape, to show his agility, cx cepted the challenge, and turning head down- ward began tocome down. Of course all the persimmons rolled out of his pockets. The crab seizing the ripe fruit ran into his hole, but the ape waited until he had crawled out, gave him a sound thrashing and went home. “Just at that time a rice mortar was traveling by with his several apprentices, 8 wasp, an egg and a seaweed. Upon Jearning | the erab's story they agreed to assist him. After marching to the ape’s house and finding him away they arranged their plans. and disposed bargain. So he told the story to his there was @ neighbor of his who with a wen of long he heard of his friend's good luck was smitten with d went off to hunt for the hol- low tree, and when he found it he went Toward midught ulling the pawned wen out of see the good luck of anciering, ends," con- ly resemble the They have a his tory of a man resembling Ali Baba and their | Fakanoshi Jinyeman, whose exploits are both | termed the their forces. The egg hid in the ashes on the hearth, the wasp in the closet, the seaweed the door and the mortar over the lintel. ‘he ape came home and,on lighting the fire to steep his tea, the egg burst and so bespat- tered his face that he ran howling toward the well for water to cool the pain. The brn] then flew out and stung him, and the terri! spe in, trying to drive off this new adversai ped on the seaweed and sliding ‘through the door the rice mortar came crashing down and mashed him flat.” HINTS FOR BIKD COLLECTORS. 4 Book on the Subject Newly Published by the Smithsonian. ‘THE SORT OF GUN ONE SHOULD HAVE TO SHOOT BIRDS WITH—A KIT OF TOOLS AND OTHER NECESSARIES—ARSENIC FOR POISONING SPECI- MENS—SKINNING, CLEANING AND STUFFING. IHOUSANDS OF BOYS ALL OVER THE country who have developed an interest a8 amateurs in the collecting and stufting of birds will find instruction in these arts of a most val- uable sort in a little book just issued by the Smithsonian Institution. To begin with, the collector must have a gun good for all purposes. It should be of twelve gauge, with double barrels twenty-eight inches long. One barrel should be “choked,” the other “cylinder bored,” and the latter should have fitted to it an auxiliary barrel for 82-caliber shells. These latter should beloaded with American wood powder, grade D, and No. 12shot. With the auxilia-y barrel, which may be carried in the pocket when not in actual use, one is always prepared for the smallest speci- mens. Without it there would be difficulty in loading the twelve-gauge shells with a sufli- ciently light charge. For shooting about houses, in orchards, or wherever else a noise is to be avoided, a cane gun of 22-caliber is valuable. A good substitute is an ordinary 22-caliber breech-loading pistol, with the barrel length- ened by soldering to it a piece of brass tube a foot or more long. ‘HE FEWER TOOLS THE BETTER. The fewer tools the collector has to carry the better. Some very skilled experts use nothing in skinning @ bird but s pocket knife or # pair of short-biaded, sharp-pointed scissors. But the novice will absolutely require alittle kit of implements. He must have a dissecting knife, such a pale of — = above frame * ir of heavy cutting forceps to break the End wing boses of large bird pair of a spring forceps with narrow points for adjust- ing the feathers and ni and thread for sewing up openings in the skin. Many taxi- dermists use a hook by which to attach the carcass of « bird during the process of skin- ning, thus allowing the free use of both hands. For stuffing the bird raw cotton of the best quality is needed, and this should be used for all specimens save large ones, which may put up more economically with tow or “excel- sior” shavings. The best material forthe pres- ervation of skins is powdered arsenic. While this substance will keep off decay. it will not repel the attacks of insects, especially in warm countries. It is therefore desirable to paint the bills, feet and other unfeathered parts with oil of red cedar, a bottle of which may be car- ried along on excursions. The best receptacle for carrying the birds secured is a tin box with sliding lid, which may be suspended by a stray over the shoulder. A supply of corn m should be carried along also, as well as some paper cornucopias. WHAT To Do Fist. Immediately after = bird is killed it should be picked up by the feet (never by the tail) and held head downward to allow the blood to drain from the mouth, which may be hastened by gently pressing the bird; * off or other- Wise carefully remove the blood clota which may adhere to the bill, feathers, or other parts, and apply corn meal to absorb what may re- main, fin the absenco of corn meal clean sand will do. The holes made by the shot, together with the throat and the internal, but never the ex- ternal, nostrils, should be plugged with cotton to prevent the escape of blood and the juices of the stomach. Before plugging the throat a small quantity of corn meal or clean sand should be inserted. as this will absorb the blood, &ec., and prevent its escaping around the cot ton: In very warm weather before the throat is plugged the gullet should be swabbed with carbolic acid by saturating a small wad of cot- ton which has previously been wrapped around the end of asmall stick. When the bird has been properly cleaned and plugged it should be carefully dropped, head downward, into a cornucopia of suitable size. A wounded bird should never be killed by thumping or pounding the skull. If the speci- men isa piel pee the easiest and best way is to take it between the thumb and fingers under- neath the wings and squeeze it tightly, thus causing its death almost instantaneously by ffocation. Birds ought to be skinned as soon possible and should never be permitted to become offe before operations are com- menced upon them. How To SKIN BIRDS. Before the process of skinning is actually begun certain preliminaries are necessary if the work is to go on smoothly. A suitable table, stand or work bench must first be pro- vided and placed in @ good light’ A paper an old news- paper is as good as anything). Then the box containing the arsenic, that containing the corn meal, the skinning and stuffing imple- ments, the cotton, needle and thread, labels or tags, pencil, cleaning sponge and brush, cup of clean water, &c., are to be placed in conve- nient positions on the table, room for the speci- men and the hands of the operator being of course reserved. A basin of water and towel, drying the hands, should also in b. “After the bird has been skinned, and the inner surface of the skin roughly freed from blood by sponging or sping, then the feathers may be washed clean, using @ soft sponge and warm water, aud dried with corn meal. ‘The skinning of the specimen having been the next thing is to apply the pre- For this arsenic should be used. It : plied either dry or asa paste by mix- ing with alcohol or water. If the dry powder is used it should be kept in # shallow box large enough to bold a medium-sized bird, and, while the skin is in every part turned “wrong side out,” it should be laid upon the arsenic and the latter applied thickly to every part, care being taken to put plenty of the poison about the d particularly close up to the base of the bout the lower end of the denuded win aud leg bones and about the base of the tai This is best done with the foot of a common rabbit ‘There is far more art in stuffing birdskin properly than in getting the skia off the bir and the best way to learn how to do it is to take lessons from an expert. Many people have been told that Vergennes, ‘Vt., is the oldest city in the Union. But they are misinformed. Vergennes took out her charter in 1788. Hartford and New Haven, Conn, took out theirs in 1784. Vergennes, however, can truthfully claim to be the smallest and the most quiet city in the United States, as she has s population, after 108 years of oy, .T13 80 hood, of 1, and covers a only 1,200’ acres. was ste up the rice cake, but the w house and used to sit on the balcony watching the ripening fruit. One day con- . hes climb and gather crab politely agreed, request- ing his guest to throw down some ae the trait that he might enjoy it himself. The ungrate- ful ape clambered up, and after filling his pock- and pelted the crab with the decayed ones and seeds. PEARLS TO ORDER. Gems of the Ocean of Any Size Turned Out by Artifice SOME WONDERS IN PEARLS. Plating With Mother-of-Pearl Instead of Silver—A Pink Pearl Big as a Pigeon’s Egg ‘With a Nucleus of Beeswax—Curious Struct- ure of Pearls and Pearl Shells, PROCESS FOR MAKING REAL PEARLS by artifice is the basisof an application for & patent newly filed by an ingenious person, who expects to find in his invention a source of wealth compared with which Monte Cristo’s means were poverty. Tho material of which Pearls are composed is cheap enough. Take the shell of a pear! oyster and remove by grind- ing or with an acid the rough outer coat. What have you loft? A sheet of perhaps an eighth of an inch in thickness of pure pearl, the pre- cise substance which the bivalve deposits around any foreign body, like a grain of sand or occasionally a little fish, that gets caught under its mantle, thus producing the pearls of commerce. Why not take this sheet of nacre, dissolve it in acid and then redeposit the pearl in layers about a buckshot suspended in the solution, thus imitating as nearly a8 possible the method of nature? If it were practicable to make pearls at all in this way perfect ones could be formed every time, of any shape desired. ‘There would be no difficulty in turning them out as big as billiard bails. The trouble is that the concretions thus obtained would be mere lumps of carbonate of lime, lacking en- tirely the irridescence which in the pearl is due tostructure. It is claimed, however, by this inventor that he has overcome the difficulty, 80 sto beable not only to manufacture pearls, but also to plate articles with the material as forks and spoons are coated with silver. PEARLS MADE OX WAX. Conchologist Dall of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, speaking yesterday about the practica- bility of pearl manufacture, exhibited a very remarkable treasure. It wasa pearl as big as & pigeon’s egg, of a most exquisite rose color, and the receptacle containing it was the fresh- water museel, wherein it had been originally formed. Explanation was made that the nu- cleus of this incomparable gem was nothing more nor less than an oval lump of beeswax, which had been placed a few years ago between the valves of the mollusk. To pro- tect itself against irritation by this foreign body the animal surrounded it with the pink nacre it secreted for lining ite sell, thus trans- forming the bit of wax into an ornament fit for a royal crown. The mussel which produced this thing of beauty grew in an Ohio river and was kept in an aquarium while performing its unwilling task. It is a species ot bivalve plen- tiful in streams all over the United States, and there is no reason whatever why any one cannot make pearls in this way by keeping few “unios,” as they are called, in a tank at home. Care should be taken to introduce the intended nuclei well under the mantle of the fish, not making them too large, because an object the size of a pea will acquire a thickness of nacre much more rapidly than if there is a greater surface to be covered. It seems rather curious that this method of making pearls should not, have proved a com- mercial success in Europe, where it has been known for more than two centuries, Linnaeus the famous _nat- uralist, received knighthood in 1757 for his dis- covery of the process, but the trouble appears to be that it is too slow to be satisfactory as a means of turning out pearls on any scale for over theless, it is surel fi ti Nevertl it is surely very interesting as illustrating the only real success which man has thus far achieved in manufacturing gems after nature's own methods. ‘The rubies ob- tained recently in Paris by melting together ruby “sparks,” which so alarmed the French Jewelers that they vecured the passago of law prohibiting their fabrication, ut imita- tions defectively crystallized, while the almost be | microscopic diamonds which Prof. Maskelyne claimed to have produced in the laboratory a few years ago are now believed by clem- ists not to be true stones. For thousan £ years the Chinese have known how to cause oysters and mussels to form pearl to order. ‘he monks at Pu sa ch’ i p'ung place inside the shells small figures of Buddha, cut out of very thin lead foil. These are soon made part of the shel! itself, by being covered over with a deposit of nacre, and the valves thus adorned with sacred pictures in relief are sold by the wily priests to pilgrims, who suppose them to be of miraculous origin. STRUCTURE OF THE PEARL SHELL. The structure of the pearl shell is a study in itself. Its outer coat is asort of skin of lime, very hard and dense in texture, designed to protect the animal from the action of carbonic acid in the water. Beneath this skin is a coat formed from a secretion of the fish, which has undergone erystallization, so that when viewed under the microscope it is seen to be composed of multitude of little prisms stood on end side by sid On the under side of the layer of prisms is the pearly substance itself, which is made up of sheets so thin that 750 of them are required to make an inch in thickness. These sheet are not laid on top of one another like bed clothes, but slant at an angle toward the surface. so that what yousee when you look at the inside of @shell is their edges only, which, with their wavy parallel lines, interrupt the’ light that strikes them and thus produce the beauti- ful iridescent effect. Not long ago it was found out that by scratching many parallel and wavy lines across & piece of glass, say 1,000 in an inch, an effect precisely similar was obtained, and artificial pearl buttons have actually been made lately without using Be latall, steel being the ma- terial employed. Lines wore cut ucross the steel surface very close together by machine, thus giving to it the same brilliant sheen of rainbow hues as is exhibited by the finest mother-of-pearl. Of course, the material was much cheaper, but unfortunately buttons made of it were found to tarnish ulmost immediately and lose their beauty, so that their manufacture hus been abandoned. USES OF PEARL SHELLS. The most valuable product of the pearl fish- eries of the world today {s not the pearls them- selves, but the sholls from which they are ob- tained, which are used to the extent of many millions of dollars’ worth annually in the man- ufacture of buttons, knife handles, &c. ling spoons, employed as Inres for fish, are among the numerous articles of commercial value turned out from tnis material. purposes the valves of the pearl oys ters are mostly utilized, although various other nacreous shells,including the famous. nautilus, are turned’ similarily to account ‘The first process is to remove the rough outer cout. This was formerly done with muriatic acid, but it was found that the pearly surface was apt to be injured by that method, and so grinding has been adopted instead. The work- man holds the shell against an emery wheel un- til all the rough part is removed, leaving merely a sheet of mother-of-pearl. The latter is then placed in contact with a rapidly revolv- ing brush carrying emery, which smooths it, and the fital’ polish is given with rouge. Next the shell is eut up into pieces of the shape and size desired by means of a small circular saw. So skillfully is this work performed and with so little waste of the pearl that a shell from which buttons have been thus turned out is lett but @ skeleton, with mere threads of its substance remaining between the round holes... Even this residue is not thrown away, but ground up and mixed with a paste of rubber or other substances for molding into buttons of ler boundaries are a mile the sort which show bright speckles of pearl in them. THE PEARLY NAUTILUS. The most beautiful mother-of-pearl, unless that of the abalone be excepted. is obtained the animal has successively lived inand vacated asit grow bigger, building oe Sbeas, it at each move a purest pear! vacant rooms of 1 are all connected by . tube, which enables the crea- mothod of treating such shells con- sists in drawing upon them with » brush and wax varnish any designe desired, aftor which thay are placed in a lath of weal ‘acid, Tit 9 si icered ty ea lovely cameo i r é Bs 4 In the cretaceous hundreds of thous- WOMEN IN THE rULert. After Twonty-Five Years There Are 128 CONCEPCION IN CHILI. pat-| A City That ig, Nearly Three Hun- dred Years Old. certain Pods, singe extinct, which selence calls “am. Vixeoas 1s Berren Tuan Wares for moisten- ing stove polish. sh ae Tenan Bom Gueucmen Tasves pat when will give it : aqting enh ogy SOY give ite Putvgnizep Roasrep Corres is stated by Dr. of Strasburg to be # superior antiseptic Inox Rest Max Br Rrapiur Removen by equal parts of common sait and cream of tartar moistened with water and i ts and placed in Moisten as it Vecomes dry for two or three “I remember,” said a woman vosterday, “the first time Lever saw © woman in the pulpit We all turned our beads as she entered the church, and have « vivid mental pictare ot her tall, slim figure, in black silk, with a severe white necktie, as she walked, without looking to the right or left, past our pew. I was so little that, bearing her «poken of as the Rev. Olympia Brown, I associated her have continued in a vague Way to astocinic her ever since, with the Olympia that is on Paget sound. Isnid abe was the first woman preacher I ever saw; she has ferained the only one. After a quarter of a century there are w women among the minister.” the records seem to have 720 names. Three hundred and fifty of these belong to the which have begun to iversalist is at the head of | the list; it bas thirty-six women regularly in 4 eleven others licensed to Tbe Unitarians have sixtoen ordained large number who preach more The Congregationaliste have fix or eight ordained women Olympia Brown, or, at she has since become, fev. Olympia Brown Willis, was not by ar nm ordained in this coun. that distinction being possessed by the te Brown Blackwell, who entered class of Oberlin College son where about 1547. She says hor first sermon of that strange age lusks bad a more important place in than they now possess. ‘Apparently nature does not decorative purposes, else it would n be on the inside of shells and hidden beneai an ugly coat of lime. The object for which it is intended is evidently to afford a smooth and comfortable dwelling for the soft animal within. The color of the nacreous deposit varies very much. Thus pearls themselves are white, black, blue, purple, pink nd even rarely green. Among the most valuable ones are the rose- tinted pearls, produced by a species of conch found in the neighborhood of the West Indies. A single oyster duce at the same time purple pearls, according as the object en- veloped in nacre is situated’ beneath s portion of the mantle which secretes the correspoi Concretions of are sometimes found in| high prices as BUT FEW SIGNS OF AGE. jucation, superintend the higher and Is of the country. free, the government owning and paying the teachers. The school houses of Con: structed that their pati itis @ City of Surprises Wholly Free From Debt, but Some Things are Done asin Co- lontal Times—Scenes in the Market House— Other Public Institutions, Jetix Tat Has Svcanep Cax Bz Ustp to sweoten cottage and batter puddings, and will add very much to their flavor. Where xt bas Tefused to joll it can be used in the same way. This fruit sugar also makes very nice sirup for cakes by putting it on the stove and adding Make is about the consis- ‘From the Star's Traveling Commissioner. Coxcerctox, Cums, July, 1891. 'HOUGH NEARLY THREE and fifty years old this quaintest of Chilian ordain women the some water to it. tency of maple sirup. Fon Rosz Waren put the rose petals alone into a jar of sweet oil and let them remain over & day well covered, then squeeze the flowers gut ine chosee cloth and add more flowers to the same oil ting this daily. You will noice thc" a?a aes pe Then add as much as you think best of alcohol, | try. more than as much again. | every day for two weeks, wher girls, too, for that matter, can rep every word of” ite ninety-six cially in the primary departments, itis made the basis of education and repeated day after day, year in and out. The “‘Colejo Andras Bello” contains 600 boys. The celebrated Jesuit Seminary aver- | ages 200 students, who dress all alike, in black iceo, a government school for oys, is the crack ‘educational mstitution of Ite enormous building rambles over three acrer, and its inmates number u cities shows few signs of age. fine samples of Spanish architecture, but so monotonously for s stranger to lose his bearings in London. built with an eye to earthquakes, all about twenty feet high, of one story only, with patios orcourt yards in the center. The universal building material is sun-dried brick, which is 80 soft that it absorbs water as readily as sand, and consequently has been plastered, in- side and out, until hard and firm as stone. In Concepcion the law compels house owners to keep the exteriors neatly painted. ‘The favorite tints appear to be sky blue, pink and yellow. but few have indulged in green, gray, heliotrope and orange. Every house is topped with rusty red tiling, deeply imbedded in mud, which was soft when put on and when dried holds the earthen tiles securely. ‘la } sort of roofing is extremely picturesque, espe- cially as it soon takes on a coating of moss and lichens, but ia noend of trouble to keep in since it must be repaired every year be- ¢ rainy season begins. ow completely isolated from the world, thongh living in the heart of a city, a be in one of these gri Many of them have no windows that look into the street, and when the one big door is shut and barred nobody outside can form an idea of When the kitchen k yard and front lawn, parlor, serv- ant’s quarters, sleeping apartments and store rooms, chapel, stable and pig stya are all in- closed within the same wall and under one roof the master might be murdered a dozen times a day, if that were possible, and securely hidden away in his own casa and the nearest neighbors be none the wiser. A CITY OF SURPRISES. Concepcion ise city of surprises. She is en- tirely out of debt, but water is peddied about the streets on the backs of donkeys, as in early colonial times. She has no less than nine splen- did churches (all Roman Catholic), but no sys- tem of sewerage. Handsome carriages roll about her streets, belonging to wealth; citi- zens, but on their suburban estates wooden ¢ | Plows are used, as primitive as those of the an- She boasts four bankin houses and the greatest Jesuit college in Sout! America; maintains a costly theater and a fine lay evenings on the plaza, but on y" (every Saturday) the streets are literally swarmed with licens until it seems as if half the population were out soliciting alms. There goes a “public institution”—and » very important one—a bare-footed fellow fol- lowing a half dozen slim-legged each beast carrying two barrels on his back. He makes his living by selling water from house to house at the rate of one cent per bucket. His only competitor im the business is another man, who perambulates the town with | the; one barrel full from the Lio-Bio river, loaded on a cart, which is drawn by a very small don- wearing a very large cowbell. scarcely less common “instita- Its casas are sacock-hued ma: abalone, which fetch rls. It is estimated that no less than 200,000 worth of abalone shells from the Pacific coast annually, rice being from $500 to $700 otis splendens,” as itis called by conchologists, is gathered chiefly by China- men, who detach the animals from the rocks at ebb tide, when they adhere to the cliffe near water mark with their single shells slightly 1 le shod with iron is means the first w: and shake | Re nit will be ready | Tue Fottowmxe Sorte Rewepr will prove & boon to those who, from walking or standing “great deal, especially in the summer season, suffer with aching or burning fect: Bathe the fect every night and morning in saleratue Water. If you cleanse them first at night in warm water and soft soap the saleratus foot- This gives great relief, and derfully refreshin, walnut will satu: many fine trees, and gymnastic paraphernatia for the amuse- | ment of the scholars. On one side of it elegantly furnished reception room and the | director's office, backed by = long rooms filled with maps, charts,laboratories,&c. | ‘The school rooms, to us, were ties. A rowof benches extends entirely around | the outside, where the young gentlemen sit only during recitation hours, the teacher oc- jightly elevated seat in the center. rds are outside in the corridors, parently reserved for playthings, and the bes, dictionaries, maps, under lock and key. BOW THEY STUDY Law. On the morning of our visit 100 well-dressed | young men were marching around the corridor | reading law. They walked two and two the circuit of the patio. each re and over in a loud voice the particular he Was striving tomemorize. They were under the supervision of a professor, and aftey they had marched and shouted just on hour to the led in‘to recite. Then » large class of boys took their places. I fixed my attention upon a long-legged youth of six- teon summers, or thereabouts, and this is what | Wwe both learned in course of half an hour's effort on a lessonin English: ‘The ail-ee-phant eezs a large ain-ce-mahl; the ail-ce-phant eczs a large ain-ee-mahl; the ail-ee-phant cezs a large ain-eo-mabl.” ‘The end of a thrust quickly benea creature 40 as to destro: upon the abalone fi tured before Otherwise it might be smashed to pieces before it could be torn from the rock. Now and thet alone Chinaman gets his hand caught by on shells and is held prisoner until he dies. Clams of the common sort yield sometimes of good size, but they look so much like common pearl buttons as to be worthless. are found of very curious as to represent, with the addition of a little gold or enamel, heads of animals and other objects, for mounting in rfpins and such ornaments. One was sold atalarge price not long ago which strick- ingly resembled the head of Michael Angelo. The pearl-forming mullusk has ap interest- ing way of using its nacre for protection against the boring worm attack it. To firet, quite as attentive ar: derly as any sober-minded congregation the ‘time Mrs. Blackwell was ordained, some Fears ago, she was pastor of the ‘outh Butler and Ravannab a cordingly depart somewhat rev: the suction, where- ‘genuine curiosi- several nights’ use. the saleratus is won- 1g. A small lump the size of» Brown has probably the longest record of set\= rate sufticiently two gullons of | ice of any Woman minister, ws, although net she has been in the puljat A Quick Crae rox Buaxs is to apply alayer | er since, while Mrs. Blackwell bas retired of common salt and saturate it with Isudanum. | Hold it in place an hour or so bya simple The smarting sonsation disay rapidly and the burn gets well. home remedy for bad burus is sit made quite moist with good vines cloth and applied to the burn often with vinegar or newly applied. Yeans Aco Some Stupiovs Gi | ordained until 1863, c., are all kept from pastoral duty. Phebe A. Hansford is probably as | widely kuown axany woman minister. Being asked for reminiscences of « twenty years in the Another good p: was editing the mi Repository, then published in Boston, ® gentleman rushed up to me one day in © railway station and told mo that Olympia Brown x made the | begged me to goin her stead to preach mext observation, the correctness of which he en-| 4! in South Canton, Mass, Thad spoken once deavored (and to a great extent also succeeded) to establish by statistical data, that coffee, if taken early in ; stomach, acted as a preventa 4 fectious and many acute epidemic diseases. uoted a great number of cases where in- luals accustomed to drink a cup of hot cof- | tee for breakfast had either demic of typhoid then ravay Germany in which the observer lived or if at-| tacked by the disease contracted it in a much | milder form, while all those who died from the | disease had not been in the habit of taking cof- fee in the morning. ezine catied the speating over | ing on within, nd sponges which keep these borers out coat after coat of the hole threatens or twice in a little house out on Cape Cod, but had not thought of becoming a preacher. Stil, I went, and afterward Mise Brown opened the | Way for meso that I received a call to take @ 1 was ordained there ae @ t minister in February, 1868.” Mrs. Hannaford has held pastorates in Wal- tham, Mass, in New Haven, in Jersey City her salary for three years was $2,500 & year), and again in New Haven. Stories to tell of the man who minister's Monday meeting to drive her out axte for tobacco, and of kind spoken and belp given as well. She hue Preached four sermons on one Sunday in four different towns, riding twenty-eight miles in « minute they were pearl over the spot. wi to come through, thickening the wall on the i fast as it is eaten away from the out- side, just ase man might mend the roof of his ‘Because the nacre which makes pearls must be subtracted from the ma- terial which would otherwise goto make the which contain pearls are usually Frequently s pearl that secms d, therefore, of no value, is found to be lustrous and beautiful upon removing this outer layer with a weak solution of acid or by peeling it off with a knife. the New York jeweler, says that a pearl is rounded by the mollusk’s revolving it continu- parish in Hingham. house from wit smoked at the Iam afraid that there isa pitiable dearth of “darks” in this model institution, for the boys are kept under strictest surveillance by night and by day. Each dormitory contains forty beds ‘and hasa little ante-chamber, where stern professor remains on guard, his bed be- ing placed so that he can overlook every move- When a boy becomes un- ruly he is sent to jail. For this purpose there are as many as 100 little prisons, ranged along the sides ofa patio. ‘They are dark vaults, each just large enough for @ where the student is locked aud left to his med- itations. After remaining tive or six hours in sition he is generally tractable; if not, he is left until thoroughly subdued. A large room has bsen fitted up for a chapel, with numerous shrines, figures and confession als. There is a theater also, with elevated stage, ig scenery, footlights, &c. a tion is not permitted, and ‘a young lady who associates on the stage with the other sex. is disgraced for life, the young men are compelled to don petticoats themselves whenever the exi- gencies of the drama require. And great fun through her di Charles L. Tiffany, oo —___— A Brave Priest. From the Lendon Daily Telegraph. L’Abbe Mouly, the ony priest who received the decoration of the Legion of Honor on the | eceasion of July 14 will certainly not be | grudged the distinction conferred upon him even by the most hardened enemy of the church. He is, in fact, one of those heroic, self-sacrificing workers who inevery nation and every clime earn the unbounded admiration and respect of their fellow creatures. L’Abbe Mouly, who is now in his fifty-fourth year, served for # long period as military chaplai various French possessions. The wo: Was acting in this capecity at Guadelouy ing the Mexican campuign, and all the French re on their way home from the seat of war. A terrible epidemic of yellow fever broke out among the gerrison of 300 men, as many as twenty-five and thirty deaths occurring” daily. ment in the rooin. acted as chaplain of the C eotucut menate. Julia Ward Howe is a preocher of ability and WOMEN PEARL DIVERS. The finest pearls of the world come from Persian gulf, where the oyster beds produce 2,000,000 worth per annum. divers are of rather light complexion they blacken their bodies so ¢ seen so readily by the sharks. In the Sulu sea women do the diving for pearls and prove very efficient in the work. It is their task to di for crabs and other sea delicacies which the It is here that offciates in the pulpit occasionally. it through her efforts ‘that the Woman's M teriai Conference, of which she is prosid Was organized in 1882. Its officers are the Ke Mary H. Graves, corresponding secretary, Rev. Ada C. Bowles, recording secretary, ai Rev. Louise 8. Baker and the Rev. Mary 1. e executive committee. 184 of the Rev. Louise 8. | Baker, whose work in the orthod tional Church in Nantucket has been very suc cessful, presented this peculiarity, that two of | the four deacons officiating were women. The itev. Anna H. Shaw, who has made a na peaker, is a graduate cient Egyptians. “ve person to stand in, t they may not be plenty of practice. Pearl shells are found, some of them measuring & yard across when opened. The eries of Ceylon belong to England, the natives being employed to gather them on a basis of shares in the result. All sorts of su prevail among them and a large done by sorcerers who sell charms to restrain the appetite of the sharks and to drive aw: the diabolical stingrays. Another peril whi the diver dreads more than shark is the giant clam, that wi a ton when full grown. It will snap off @ man transports touched tional reputation as & the theoiogical school of Boston U ere, it may be set down not in malice, slic known #8 “thas Miss Shaw with y seem to consider it. Faxsiz B. Wamp. All the doctors and Sisters of Mercy were carried off by the pestilence, and for three weeks the heroic priest was alone in ministering to the sick. sequence of his meritorious conduct the abbe was @ecommended for the Legion of Honor, but his nomination was prevented by the events While at Gaudeloupe he also distin- guished himself by building on the Ile des Saintes, assisted only by a few convicts, a light house, which en- ables vessels to pass through a dangerous, rocky channel in perfect safety. who has waited so long for the well-merited recognition of his services, has for ten years ost of chaplain to the Na- The Methodist church refused to ord: , though it has many women w# lay prea: plied according! —— Shakespeare's Schoolinaster. ‘From All the Year Round. One would be interested to know something of the man to whose lot it fell to plant the first seeds of knowledge in the mind of Shakes- peare. By consulting the records of Stratford we find that there were three who may have shared this distinction. Curiously enough, one of them, if the name of Jenkins is to be taken as a proof, was a Welshman. ble that he may have stood for the character of Sir Hugh Evays. We know how easily school boys are impressed by their master’s peculiai ties, whether they be those of accent or of man- Itis noteworthy, too, that J very unpopular, ay in ihe ither stingray or | tion”—the turkey peddler. He drives before him from street to street alot of sh young turkeys til Price of one and pesos cada una, senor her, but have nce ordained a second woman. The Rey. Ada C. Bowles is probably the most widely known in the east among women now j active in the Universalist ministry; in the we the Kiev. Florence Kollock, for twelve years stor of @ prosperous church en uncommonly successful. lowa, Mary A. Safford and Elinor E. Gordou have worked together and bailt up two or three strong Unitarian churches. he Rev. Mila I. upper, the Kev. Carrie J. Bartlett and the Kev. la C. Hulton of Des Moince are emong the more conspicuous of westera The Baptist church, except the Free Will en no steps looking to the admission of women into ite ministry. The Presbyterian church has been very conserva- tive i the matter, but in 1559, ata synod of the Reformed Presbyterians, it was voted that the ordiuation of a woman is iu barmouy with the The Protestant Episcopal church has women as iay readers, deaconesscs and members of sisterhoods. opening of the Hartford Iheological Seminary (Congregational), and the fact that last your Oberlin College, which graduated Autoinetce 1. Blackwell iorty years ago, printed ber nase for the first time in ite list of graduates in its triennial catalogue, are regarded by some people who believe in the muustry of women as noteworthy sigue of the times, ———+0+ Drink Buttermilk. From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. There would be more buttermilk than beer sold in St. Louis in the summer time if people only knew the good qualities of the former drink. ‘There is nothing in the line of simple drinks which exercises more beneficial intlu- ence on the general health. It is at once food The lactic acid it contains ac Il are sold. Ask himr the il probably reply, Diez “$10 a piece, sir.” Turn shoutsafter you, “I will take €7, still remain obdurate, he ith importunitics "till he has dropped to $5, and even to one. He bas been along time raising these birds, or rather his wife bas, at vast labor fer the Chilian “roto.” When sold, if all the money does not go throat at once in the form of chicks, he will emainder home and the family will feast like lords for two or three days till the last penny is gone. Then his wife will go to the market as contentedly as before and buy 3 cents’ worth of flour, 2 conte’ worth of beai tatoes and 4 cents’ worth e household for a day. ase of Concepcion was fit up by the city authorities and occupies roducer brings or send bis fruits, vegetables, butter and eggs, pigs, beet, finh, &c., and barters. th vantage without the aid of middle men. is no fixed price for anything, countries “beating down” is the life of trade. Take, for example, the popular article of sau- eage, which here sells by the vara, or Spanish yard, which measures al an English yard. Being a foreigner you are not likely to get it for less than 50 cents per vara, though @ native is not expected to pay more than 20 cents for the same. SCENES IN THE MARKET HOUSE. The market house generally overflows, es- pecially during fruit time, and all around the square the sidewaiks are blocked by squatting women, with their wares spread out on the ground for sale. Entering the building, to the lott we find the butchers, who cut all their meat into long strips, as if it also were to be sold by the yard. But ft is not: they sell it by the chunk, and guess at the weight. Sirloin, por- is all one to the butcher; into strips the whole creature must go, to be chopped off in chunks, according to the needs chances to thrust a limb between its open jaws, or at all events will hold him until he drowns ‘The average diver thinks it a fair to secure 100 pearl oysters in filty After being taken ashore the mollusks are allowed to die, when their shells open of their own accord. The classified by passing them through a series of sieves, which assort them into different sizos. ‘Those which are very & sold to make a preparation for sore ey nervous complaints that is very popular east. Gilded youth in India make it their fad to mix powdered pearls instead of lime with the betel nut they chew. In Saxony pearl mus- sels are carefully opened and examined upon being taken out of the water without injuring them, special instruments being used for the ‘Those which are found not'to con- in pearls are restored to their native element. It is only in the Gulf of California that regular diving gear is employed in connection wi pearl fishery. nearly destroyed 160 years ago, when from 300 to 600 pounds of pear! ‘The latter were literally sold by the bush SOME GREAT PEARLS. ‘The most beautiful pearl in existence is “La Pellegrini,” at present exhibited in a museum at Moscow. It is perfectly spherical, and 20 pure as to appear almost transparent. Weight. 90 grains. Ihe imperial crown of Austria contains a pear! of 300 carats, but the biggest one in the world is the “Hope Pearl,” now in London, which weighs 6 ounces and measures two inches in length, its esti- mated value being $60,000. ‘There is a pearl in the Spanish regalia weighing 400 carata. It was obtained from the Gulf of California. Green pearls come from the Marianne archi- ‘Two big ruby-red pearls were found at the Ceylon fishery ten years ago and are owned by the rajah of the Sulu Islands. Pearls are very perishable. of them have been found in old Indian mounds and tombs, showing that the savages did anciently appreciate their beauty, but they were so decayed as to be entirely worthless. Pearls should never be put i soapy water, nor should any fruit mitted to come in contact with them. can be kept best in magnesia. It was be- lieved in early times that hollow pearls were caused by the oyster's taking fright at thunder when in the act of conceiving them. It is perhaps to be regretted that the story of Cleo- patra’s dissolving a great pearl in vinegar and the mixture must be set down It would take a very long time for vinegar to dissolve a big pearl, and any acid strong enongh to dissolve it quickly could not be drunk. Doubtiess Egypt's fair queen had a great many huge pearls. to have been sawed in two, used as pendants for the ears of the Cay toline Venus. What are known as “Roman Pearls” are made by lining globules of glass with a substance derived from ales, owe to it their irridescence. ponciech sansa See re If you will follow you wit chapel surmounted by in Sioux City, past occupied the tional Lunatic Asylum of Charenton. ‘The Ballet Girls’ Hendquarters. Paris Letter to Philadelphia Telecraph. The most curious of all the agencies is cer- tainly the ballet girls’ agency, Perier's, No. 20 Boulevard St. Denis, There come all the dancers of the continent, and from thence they are shipped off all over the world. The ballet is considered to be in its decad: all or defective are ar 1579 a sum of id him by the authorities on con- ¢ resign his post as head master. Prof. Baynes has shown that Ben Jonson's famous saying. that Shakes) Latin and less Greck, is hardly fair statement if the real facts of the case. A critical exam- works will prove that he had an acquaintance with classical literature such as would be possessed by aman who had been trained at a school like the old Stratford grammar school. We must not expect from him nice scholarship or a strict attention to de- owledge is simply relative and Ben -d was undoubtedly a high one. He would naturally look with contempt upon the classical attainments of one who had re- | education as Shakespeare had, but we are justified in coming to the conciu- sion that the poet couid read Latin duently and fairly and that any author he cared for he would be able to read for lus pleasure and in- Baptist division, bas 1 cent’s worth of of fuel to suppl: are had little The ination of the poe' co, but that is | NeW Testament. many dancers.as there are today. 3,000 addresses on his list. ‘The agency is an oud sight when the engagements are being The rooms themselves are on the d floor, three wee closets into which scarcely a score of people could be crammed; but the court yard is large, and into that there crowd some sixty or eighty ballet girls, jolly, noisy creatures, full of fun and mischief, teas- ing any unhappy man who may fall into their mischievous clutches. They tickle him, they ull his bat over his ey. his life a burden to him alent band but were taken from them Jes on mules and ut three-quarters of brilliant and and generally make No one can control rier himself, who, with an Olympian frown anda stern and reson- ant ery of “silence!” contrives occasionally to bring the impish lot into comparative & ‘That the instructioa in Latin was thorough a letter preserved by Malone writ- nguage in 1398 by theson of R. Quiney to his father, then staying in london. editable performance for a boy of ‘his Richard Quine men of Stratford in Shakespeare's day, who had inly been brought up at the school—for his family bad been iong esteblished in the town—was so well acquainted satin | his brother-in-law, Abraham Starl2y, in writing to-him frequentiy made use of long’ Latin sen- tenoes and paragraphs. ie uf the alder- and medicine. on the whole digesti has already und churning to which it has been subjected. Puy= iciaps are every day resctibe for their patie and kidney disease it is invalu- tances are numerou! atilicted with Bright's discase li ars in compa: ‘From the Clothier and Furnisber. Husband—‘When the tailor comes for that suit of mine to be mended I want you tolet him terhouse, roast—' Great quantities “But I should think you would Jet me mend them. It is so much cheaper.” No, it isn't. The last time you mended my clothes it cost me $50 fora new dress for you.” ———_~2e—____ “No,” said she, “I don’t wish to say that Miss Yardson is not beautiful, but her people often let her go about without a chaperon.” Free Press. Close by is the clam stall. The female in charge has torn the clams from their shells and strung them on stems of grass, a dozen ona stem. She sells them at the rate of three straws—thirty-six clame—for 10 cents, and cheap enough it is. To the right are rows of fruit merchants, mostly women. cherries—plump, fresh and ruby red—are tied on sticks in a close bunch, so that they resem- ble miniature club balls. "The tavo (1 cent) for half @ pint of cherries.” There are heaps of luscious figs, each black and shining and as e as your fist, at 5 conte ns are stacked up by a A Business Schere. From Munsey's Weekly. “Why did you buy such a bi trunk? You haven't enough clothes to fill half of it. It was a waste of money.” Second Youth ve comfort with no other iy of buttermilk. When the laundryman presses the button be breaks it. We then do the rest, but it is not for publication.—New York Heraid. Notat all. The trunk cost me $8 and I can run up a hotel bill of at least a hundred on the streagth of it.” rice is un cen- “AMERICA AND THE AMERICANS,” BY MR. CHUMLEY-CHUMLEY OF LONDON. r dozen. Water- A Few Extracts, Showing How He Received Much Valuable Information From Obliging Americans, and Made = Big Hit. e cord—and such pounders are common and ne of them is said | surprise. ‘There are piles of fine potatoes, but er heaps of green re, indicating that the latter ere in greater jemand. oranges, rete = olive: apricota, peaches cackling; blent- grunting pigs; coarse boots, shoes ‘and sandals; strange earthen ware; cheap hand- kerchiefs of lace and printed cotton; enormous salt water crabs and ins (which are highly quantities of fresh river camerones, sea urchi prized for food in Chili), inferior wine and stalls where steaming stews of chile-con-carne }) are waiting to sear the in- hoever is hardy enough tc eat them. As in all Chili, the police tions of Con- stands before my window—s half-breed Indian, found it in his grip one day, (id softly in its russet case, And wondered much whose pictare lay In such a rude unrestful place. And was it Katie, Maid or Sue? "The handsome drummer looked perplexed; ‘Those flirting girls? Perhaps they knew ‘That he was married—were they vexed? ‘Then something deep within his breast ‘Owned toa thrill of honest shame; How dared they send this hidden guest? He would return it—whose the name? He looked. Sweet face wi ‘Bright finffy hair in “As we sailed up the bay I sawa of flat boats loade on on jd me this Was @ pleasure excur- ‘Mafia, an Italian society, wh body | he assured me, was very popular in “The lack of dent Harrison and hie ross the p! “Aas gleL- se Rayne tr Devoil Free Press, me they were holding e cabinet meeting. From the New York Weekly. Bliffers—“Who says women have no heads for