Evening Star Newspaper, June 13, 1891, Page 8

bh AT AGUA GALIENTES. How the Pretty Indians Sport About in the Water. A MEXICAN WATERING PLACE Pen Pictures of Life and Businees—The Steves and How They are Managed—What It Coste to Dress a Mexican Dude—The ‘Markets and Their Curious Ways. Bigecial Correspondence of The Evening Star. Aovas Carzeyrzs, June §, 1991. AM AT AGUAS CALI-| fontes, the famous hot | springs of Mexico. It display fn is windows and priced some Tanged from o dollar up to seventy. ‘ive doliare apisce, and I’ am told'thet some of trimmed and silver cord and I looked at a which weighed about ten pounds measured eighteen inches from one brim to the other. It hada crown a foot high and there was a cord of goid rope as big sround as my wrist about it, Many of the hats had gold and silver letters upon them and I see many worn which have the monograms of their owners cut out of silver and sewed on to sides. They are of many colors—a cream, a drab and a black being very common, and they are beautifully made and are said to be just the thing for thie hot sun and the on The sold ladies’ hate. were high priced and not at all pretty. Nearby stopped at # Mexican clothing store and looked at some Mexican pantaloons. hereagainfound that the dade of our sister republic has to pay for his style. Many of the pantaloons were made of buckskin, and the nicest pairy, which were lined with solid silver buttons down the sides, cost as high as #50 and $75, and coats i € Most is altogether different from an American | health or summer resort | and it might be bodily | transplanted to the sotl | of westera India and | not seem out of place. | Yam sittivg in my long, | high-ceilinged room in | the Hotei del Plaza. It | is like all the rest of the | rooms of tue hotel, on | the ground foor, and I call my boy chamber- man to make up my bed by clapping my hands. | It bas no windows and it looks out on a little | garden full of most beautiful flowers. | ‘The hotel is built around this garden. It is | of one story and it makes me think of « hotel pe | which I stopped in one of the native states of perch pore, save that there I had to have my own servant and he siept all night in front of my door. Aguas Calientes contains about forty thousand people and nine-tenths of | the sare of one story. They all have flat | Yoofs and the water is drained off through pipes hich jut out about a foot from the edge | St thd alte TThave walle are very thick. ‘They | are built of stone or sun-dried brick and are | juceoed where they face the strect, and this Blestcring like ‘stuceo has been painted in deli- cate blues or pinks or yellows, makiag the whole town oue mass of rainbow colors. which, atrange to ay, does not look out of place ‘under this bright Mexican san. None of these houses have gardens in front ef them. They are built close up to the cobble- that in going through the town you seem to be ing between walls of gaily colored bill boards reslly for the posters, ‘each of which bas « hole in ite center for & The poorer houses have doors very roughly made, and in the galloping mule street car that takes you from the depot to the center of ‘the town you see few houses with windows, and many of these doors are filled with queer-look- ing, dark-faced people. The wen in their red ak gaily colored Slankets lock picturesque, and their dark mahogany faces, their long black hair streaming dor their backs, freshly wet from their last bath in ‘the hot waters, are in some cases very pretty ‘and in others as ugly as the witch of Endor after an attack of the smailpox. TRE PUBLIC BATH HOUSES. As you leave the station you pass the public Bath houses—low Spanish buildings, where yon ean get for from 20 to 30 cents a bath of any kind you want and goon upon a long dusty thoroughfare under wide spreading green trees into the business part of the city. the business ef this city of 40,000 people 1s a fair sample of ‘that of the interior Mexican town. It is big ealy im the prices asked for the articles sold. stone sidewalks, so MAKING HER TOILET. Mexico is not a great business country. The most of the firms are ran on small capital and | ‘there are hundreds cf stores which have not | more than $200 worth of stock. Mary of these | here have even less, ané the storekeeper, in ‘the majority of instances, has a little cave of a tore without any windows opening out on the street, and he stand: behind | ® counter which runs right across the | store iu front of the door and offers his goods for sale for three times what he expects to get. In the case of the smaller businesses the trader erally a Mexican, and there are more ers in one city in ‘this country than you ‘will find in ten cities of the same size of the United States. Thave just come from the market. Imagine nares ‘hese a long tier of stalls around two hollow which cover the ares of a city blocs. stalls aro occupied by the butcher and the candle-stick makers, who stocks, and the squares tted men in white cotton clothes and by red- skirted women in white waists and red skirts, who sit under white umbrellas as big as the top of asmall camping tent, with little piles of ‘Vegetables and fruit around them. asked as to prices and found that thing were sold in piles and not by measures, So many little potatoes made up a pile, and I was asked 2 cents for four potatoes. each of which was ge dig ea a buckeye. A pile of four egas costs Bere 3 cents and a little pile of tomatoes and re were among the thiugs sold. Peppers, green and red, were. sold where, and I saw that some market men bad great bins of them. ‘They forma part of every Mexican dish and are eaten in great quantities The average Mexican, however, eats very little in compari- ma with us. His ‘market bills are not half as wy as those of hus American brother and a ‘ontain the daily supply The cheapest thing sold seems to be fruit, which grows, in the shape of oranges. and lemons, very abundantly about here, and I got splendid orauges for a Cent apiece. TSE MARKET AND PEDDLERS. About this market the Mexican peddlers had collected themselves by the dozens. Here was ® woman with two great jars of what looked like very thin buttermilk before her. She was selling it in glasses which held from a half pint toa pint, to the passers by, at 1 and 2 cents = «i I asked what it was, and w: told it was pulque, the Mexican beer, which | comes from a species of cactus, aud which ix grunk by the barrel every day throughout | At the corner beside her, before a ease which looked hke a book case, stood a shoe peidier. His stock was made ap of sha: Weed gaiters, and Bed only twenty pairs to sll A |i tle further ou & yellow-faced woman in ber bare feet sat with ten pairs of baby shoes beside ber. This made up her whole sitting on « stool to ei ‘The she used was thicker than the ne FoPeich this letter ‘will be doubled the paper over the ends to make it stay . 8, however, she moistened the paper with her gherry lips, and when I @ package of t My ffl rear He i r i were likewise ne Tt is not hard for a Mexi- ean country gentleman to spend from $800 on his clothes, and take into consideration that ‘* « saddle, spurs and revolver of like gorgeous character you see that if one of these big farmers has a crowd of grown-up boys, his elothing bills amount to something. ‘This, however, is the case of only the ric! The poor here are sv poor that they don't know how poor they are and their clothes practically nothing. A of these cast-off bue m pantaloons will last a long time, and the ordinary cotton suits worn by the poor, though high, considering their character, cast bur litle. “A blanket costs from a dollar or two up, and the leather sandals which are Worn almost universally by the Indians are nothing more than two pieces of sole leather as big as your hand tied to the top and bottom of the feet with leather strings. cents apiece and last a long time. of the poorer wome: ‘en cheaper than that of the men, and Mexico's 9,000,000 peasants will have to make more money and have greater needs before the lund ean become a great _con- sumer of the i houses are hovels of mud, and their diet is simpler than their clothes, consistiug of little more than corn cakes and red peppers. THR LAND RICH AND PEOPLE POOR. The only poor thing, however, about thi part of Mexico is the people. The land here is as black as your hat, and in coming to Aguas goods of any nation. ‘Their | h are. Calientes ou the Mexican Central railroad you ride for miles through fields which will vie in ‘their crops with the valleys of the Nile or the Ganges, and Iam told that this called the garden of Mexico. MEXICAN maT It certainly is a wonderfully rich garden, and crops of all kinds grow here in all the luxuriance of the guano beds along the coast. It is more than a mile above the sea and the air seems to revivify the land so that it pro- duces two crops ‘a year without manure. From here _ almost City of Mesico, "fall day’ the you go through and plains of rich crops stretch nway from euch into the bazy blue of the mountaine in the distance. This region of Mexico has a good rainfall dur- ing the wet season, but this is also aided by ir- rigation, and I see the method of raising the water from one level to another is the same as that used about Osaka in western Japan. It is by along pole with a weight ou one end and with a bucket attached to a rope on the other, which works on « second pols fastened upright imto the ground. this crude well You see peons worki everywhere, and the sparkling water flows like bands of silver through the green. This is a great wheat region, and I see cornstalks in many of the fields, Maize is one of the great crops of Mexico. It ean be raised in every part of the country and it constitutes 50 per .cent of the entive agricultural product of the lana. More than 109,000,000 worth of it is raised every year, | hot aud it forms the food of the common people, who pound or grind it up and make it into the thin, flat griddle-like cakes kuown as tortillas. The corn is always sold ma sheiled state, and such as I have seen bas been white in color and in grain. HOW TREY GET WATER. Up to the present time every Mexican city I have visited has been suffering for lack of water. The greater part of the country north of here on the line of the Mexican Central road is desert, and the big mining towns of Zacatecas and Guanabuato have hundreds of | men who make water peddling their pro- fession. In Zucatecas the , with the exception of a little stream that flows into a big fountain in the plaza, comes from a spring away up on the wide of the mountain, and it is brought down on the backs of little donkeys in red clay jars. These fara are tied on by ropes, and’ the water man peddles them from house to house as our dairy- men do their milk. In Gusnahaato the people jore enterprising, and they have a system of water works, which, however, by no means supplies the demands of the city. TE ZACATECAS FOUNTAIY. The water peddicrs here carry the water about on their backs in immense jars of red tery about four feet long aud a» foot in diameter. and they tilt these over when they want to serve acustomer. In Zacatecas I saw soldiers guarding the only working fountain of the city and allowing only so many men. and women to dip up water out of it at @ time, and back of these under the biaze of the bot sun other men and women squatted with gourds and crocks or oil cans waiting their turn. The ' fountain was scooped up by these people as | fast a it flowed out of the half dozen months | of the fountain and menand women bent them- selves double in reaching over and ‘the drops in their gourds as it came or in seooping it up from the edge of the fouat ‘THE HoT aPRONa Aguas Calientes means “hot water,” and the zi F r $ which, on two of the cards, are shown #lorid sky; the third one of that suit hesa grayish background, which throws the trees into sunflecked wit dicated in front of ing from long, spiky leaves. One card one of its corners also the water out its lovely bead. the only figure which emblems teed on cards belon; either a deer have been transiated to mean “This is a deer.” low and red chrysanthemum; October, tree with red or yellow lea isa yellow boar trotting off toward the sym- bolic tree. storm under the willow trees and dropping his ropp: Jnpan casino, any other, but all have their own values final count. { i i 5839 i it E ‘J 8 | i i Ln er i i id i ft ip 8 z waists, ptt iff i iit over him as though she feared the camera was some new-f gun, I pross the button, however, and the lens and the shutter do the rest. NOTES OF THE BATHERS. Twalk slong the stream and amuse myself by ‘taking note of the bathers. They see nothing wrong in their actions, and I note that there is nothing really immodest, bold or indecent about them. | They think nothing wrong in families = yiende Sane, ether, and after ve again aj me feeling t aad immodesty are matters of and fashion, and am reminded of » little maiden in ul who, upon me approach, covered her {uce with her that she bt ly ide it from the eyes of aman. ‘The Japanews are im many ways more modest than we ‘They ate” in most, things more po- lite and refined. Still, until lntely, the wones bathed there together in the very capital itself and virtue was not in! jured, nor did prudery raise her ‘voice until the western World taught her todovo. It is simply a mat- ter of opinion and the old French saw fits the “Honi seit qui maly ‘a ‘BANK Severed PLAYING CARDS OF JAPAN. Curious Bits of Pasteboard That Amuse an Oriental People. Ts PLAYING CARDS USED IN JAPAN are the most curious in the world. No evidence exists that they were originally de- rived from the same source as those of China, India and western Europe. They are oblong pieces of pasteboard with black backs, and the designs on their faces are stenciled in bright colors and afterward covered with a varnish which makes them shiny. they are remarkable, being only a little more than two inches long by one inch broad. In point of size They are forty-nine in number and are di- vided into twelve suits of four cards each. The odd one iss trifle smaller than the rest of the pack, with a plain white face, and is used asa “Joker.” All the others are covered with em- bieme that represent twelve different flowers or other things,appropriate to the months of the year. Each one is alyo marked with a charac- ter or letter denoting the vegetable that repre- senta the month. The only month that hae no flower symbol is August, and thet suit is marked by mountains and warm-looking skies. THE CARDS BY MONTES. January is represented by pine trees, against relief, and the fourth has a setting ith light clouds, the pines barely in- it, and the greater part of eard covered with as figure of a huge, i stor] 6. hasa red lowsom and April ing tendrils of the wisteria vine. ‘On one of the cards of this suit is » wee yellow bird, which is flying across its surface under a ermano? a claw. For May there are beautiful rainbows epri fet 0, deck cr pine ent Dart ‘of a dock or pier a of which the fower is lifting June is resented blood-red over one of which two yellow butterBice srs ly recalls in any way the g to other na- cards is found or else Chinese characters which 8) tions, as on one of the Chinese AUOUST HAS NO FLOWERS. August is represented by four pictures of grass-covered mountains, in three of which the hilla are sharply defined against » clouded biue sky, and in the fourth the sun, looking hot and fully, beame down on 8 trecless hil. ‘Three 3 ‘across the sky on one. September bears the mikado’s flower, a yel- a'maple ves, aud on one card November shows on one of its cards a willow sharply outlined against a leaden sky. The willows on a fellow card look wind-tossed, and long-tailed bird skims across the heavens. A third card is covered with inky clouds, torrents i rain and strange 2: resembling forked igh if ‘The fourth card of this sult bears a re of aman rashing through the in his haste, his head covered with a huge yellow umbrella; streaks of lightning surround the little figure aud the storm of rain is well depicted. Decem! ber bears the imperial Japanese plant kiri, and over one of these flowers hovers a beautiful red-cresi ted, ailver-winged pheasant. An infinite variety of games are with carde, as there is a shade of difference in each one of each set, and in some games each hag & soparate value. The favorite game in tthe present moment is very like which any card of a set ey take in tl eee Business Women in Yellow Trousers. From the Dressmaker. We are now assured that the business woman’ dress ia to consist of « pir of trousers, a round- about cost and a hat; and we are told that ‘women of taste will never be satisfied with such them. Wecan make them of silk or velvet or any material whatever. Wecan make the hat very dainty and flowery. We can get up ail sorts of fancies for the beantifying of the busi- Bhe— a that valley over to tas forms ee TORO ST Trea RE Telieved by its use He lived to secure Bovd's acquittal on F Later ~ ‘ ‘Two Senators in = Row—A Senator Insists Upon Keeping His Shirt—Old Stock ‘Whisky—How Bill Crain Was Nearly Mur- dered—Streaks of Luck. crowd doesn’t find Washington dull even st this sweltering season. Its headquarters are ata local hotel, and it is a colder evening thau is usual just now when several Congressmen and ex-Congressmen are not to be discovered there with stacks of chips in front of them contending for their possession with indefati- gable ardor. A rather serious row broke up this little game on one oecasion not Jong ago. ‘The story has never been told. Two Senators dropped into the hostelry referred to at Il Qclock in the evening, finding there three others. One of these latter, who is a very famous man and a leader of the upper house, had been dining not wisely but too well, but nevertheless was bent ou playing poker. A game was organized for small stakes and he lost steadily, which made him cross. So the others thonght it would be fun to put upa little job on bim, and it was arranged, while he was out of the room for & moment, that he should be given four kings with which to bet against four aces, explanation und restitution to come after the issue of the pot. The thing was done, but the Senator from a certain New England state, who dealt, was so clumsy about it that he had to deal himself about fourteen cards in order to secure the four aces required. It was imagined that the victim wouldn't notice this, but the latter’s gaze while betting was going on became fixed with stony astonishment upon the large fan of cards in his adversary’s hand, and, be- coming suddenly convinced that he did not see double, he jumped to his feet, seized his chair by the back and smashed the New Senator over the head with it. The other play- ers at once interfered and a fight was with difficulty averted. It is only very recently, however, that the gentleman with the four kings bas been so far made to comprebend the Joke as to consent once more to be on peaking terme with the Senator who manipulat the pasteboards so unfairly. SENATOR VEST AND TRE DRUMMER. Senator Vest is comsidered the best poker player in the upper house. He nearly always wins. A while ago he was at Hot Springs, Ark., with Senator Kenna. Society there was a little mixed, and so it happened that a very gentle- manly drummer from St. Louis made a third with them in a little game of draw. It waa per- fectly fair, but Vest lost all the money he bad, borrowed more and saw it disappear and finally had to give two or three notes of hand to square himself before dropping out. Thereupon he leaned back in his chair, fanning himself and enjoying the sport as a spectator. Presently the St. Louis drummer, between the hands, be- gan making some comntt entary remarks upon a very beautiful and elaborate shirt which Vest had on. He took the liberty of feeling the tex- tare of the garment, and after ascertaining how much it had cost,remarked that he would to own just such @ one himself. “Gentlemen,” said Vest, rising from his chair with an air of seriousness, “1 will bid you good night. You may rob ime of all the money I have and all I cay borrow, but 'm d—d if you can get my shirt BETTER QUIT DRINKING. One night there was a little game in a south- ern ex-Senator’s room at the hotel mentioned, and it chanced that acertain ex-member of President Arthur's cabinet. distinguished for his youthful appearance, walked in. There wae a very interesting jeck pot in progress at the ‘and the host merely looked up to nod Whisky bottle on the corner of ‘The new comer poured ont » lass, and, as is his wont, he took p of the lignor’ to try its quality. before allowing the drink, and spat it out into the open fire. One of the players, with whom he was not acquainted, looked up at the moment fro: his cards and, not having seen him take the whisky, seeing the exp up from the coals, erie: in astonishment: “For God's sake, young man, if your spit's as bad a that, the sooner you’ quit. dri true. He had suspected that his choice Ken- tucky stcek was sampled on the sly by his col- ored servant; so he decanted it into another demijohn and supplied its place in the first demijoha with a strong medicinal preparation ted to produce most —unpleasan symptoms in case any one partook of it. Un- fortunately, he forgot all about the precaution he had taken when the next evening arriv and fetched ont the old demijohn to supply fluid cheer for a small poker party of friends. Each of the latter swallowed a por- tion of it and promptly demanded what he meant by offering them such nauscons stuff a» ‘that as prime Bourbon. He tasted his own share of the nectar he hud been extolling and im- mediately discovered to his horror the mistake which had occurred. The game promptly broke up and there was a flight to the nearest apothecary shop for antidotes. CONGRESSMAN CRAIN'S STORY. Congressman Crain, who represents the Gal- veston district of Texas, tells some remarkable stories of poker playing in thut state during war time. It was an epoch there of lawless- ness aud mob rule, personal bravery was the quality of leadership. One night he waa playing ina game with three or four others, one of them a desperado named Boyd. Tho latter took advantage of the conviviality of the roceedings to hold out @ card and Crain saw im do it On the spur of the moment Craia said: “Boyd, you are cheating!” It was a fool- ish thing to do, naless with pistol in hand, be- cause it meant immediate murder. But, to the surprise of every one, Boyd simply turned very Je, laughed and replied: “Crain boards at my ouxe, you know, and so I can’t afford to shoot him.” The next evening Boyd came uninvited into Crain's room, where some other men were, and offered to play Crain a game of two-handed “freeze-out. ‘he latter assented and they sat down at the table, while the rest drew their chairs back and waited for the tragedy they supposed was coming. A few moments later Boyd again cheated, so openly that he doubt- less intended to be caught, and Crain at once charged him with the offense. immediately Boya to his feet, seized two chairs and threw them into the air. One of them Boyd as it fell and he \agedeyyt tol he had pety oree “Crain, you me withe “DIKE A FLasH.” ‘Says Crain, in telling the story: “My instinct asacriminal lawyer came to my aid. I saw that his purpose was to claim self-defense in shooting me. Sv, without sti seat, I ted my fiuger at Boyd, wi cove with his gun, and said: ‘Boyd. you know that isn’t true. "I haven't touched you, If you want to fight I'll accommodate you any- where you like and with any weapons withinan hour of this time. Let's fight, if need be, but ‘there's ion for murder!" Crain's coolness of action saved him and the duel never came off, because friends interfered. ‘a charge nearly always gront poker players. Pottigrew of South Dakota has figured toa great extent E F i YS \ Hit i F i i , i 3 & ip f i i es ta “ \ ; D.C, SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES. “Bxerse me, gents,” said the drummer, turning pany ing the SPORT FOR WARM NIGHTs. |* %* of whom it is said that er produces salary providing merely is no more than skill in this noble income, their stakes in the game. souree of prof time, which is (PRE STATESMENS SUMMER PoKER| de 8 Mit pale and not seop hin Sak Lgees wvening.”” te e ving ‘won't come WEY CLAY'S WIFE DIDN'T OnsEcT. A good many Congressmen are credited making considerable additions to their incomes by their skill at poker; in fact, there are some he nearly replied. always wins.” Poker is a statesmanlike game. Nevertheless councils of the those who are eminent in the nation and who indulge a fond- ness for the sport usually ki it very dark, & prejudice on’ the tart ot holt a fearit constituents against thix usement. tales are told of a method adopted by lobbyists of conveying bribes by intentionally losing money at the tives. Even when the l is thus assailed has no notion of accepting | under a sort of chivalric ol me to Senators or Representa- tor whose honesty money for his vote he cannot help feeling | ligation to» man whose cash be has won. A well-kuown Washington theatrical man tells a story of un astonishing streak of luck that he had while at Fredericks during the war. of high gumbling for about a fortn: neurly $2, night that he p rit ing with, whic! of Romaine. tion an aston: money, upon which the that be did 6 with his cing on in those (Gut his. winnings 000 @ day without a loss. regiment ‘There was an enormous deal days, and avel The last Played he left off $2,600 winner, after holding at least a dozen fours of a kind | against full hands, and so forth. One of his | ie: ments, who had lost heavily, offered him | for the pack of cards they had been play- yarchaser, hing deli ch happened to be the propert; ‘The lntier thonght the proposi- ing one, but scomiad, the claring: rately for the pur- pose of breaking Romuine's luck, tore the cards Into small pieces und scattered them to the winds. Romaine was just superstitio do tual aa bimecif to fear that his h in this way, and he swore on the spot never to touch another card; nor has be done so since. ———_—_ INDIVIDUALITY, us enough broken A Queer Question That Puzzles Scientiste— The Frobiem of Double Monster. Ww HAT Is AN INDIVIDUAL? “Science doesn’t seem to be at all agreed on that point,” said a learned doctor at the Smithsonian to a Star reporter. philosophers look at the subject from widely different points of view. For example, some of them assert that a single tree is an individual, while others are of the opinion that each bud has an individuality of its own, or even that each young shoot represents the separation of a number of distinct individuals in the shape of leaves from each other. tnral Qn the other hand it is held by certain authorities that trees like the weeping willow, which are propagated al- most exclusively by buds and this account be properly joots, may on , thousands of them together, as being one individual, al- though they are separa miles. derived from one original seed. ‘THE MOST APPROVED THEORY. “Now, that brings you to what I should re- gard as the most approved theory in thie mat- ter—namely, that all the living forme which come from a single egg together make up an individual, A tree thatsprings from one egg or seed is such therefore. So is a coral, whicn, though it ineludes thousands of living forms perhaps, each distinct from the others, is Devertheless produced from one original germ or bud. You may consider the coral or the q broile: each of those fowls with an individuality of its own? If there was a worm in dispute between them their view of the case might be apuy illustrated. ‘Teratology, which is the science of monsters, finds much to do with the con- sideration of ‘double freaks’ of all sorts. thily, into a by thousands of In this case they are tho being merely so many transplanted bt of as ranches tree to be a compound individual. But in this juestion there are all sorts of chickens are sometimes hate! and grow up healt ery maybe. nazles, Two from one egg of fine | Are you not going to credit ectorated liquid fame pSuch ‘sports’ even occur with human beings, as in the case of the Siamese twins, which doubt- loss represented # single human germ at the beginuing. io also with Millie-Christine, the double girl Although she bad bat one stomach, moat people would have been dis- eset to regard her as two individuals. sicians siid that such an operation would be | fatal The twins are known to have quarreled dreadfully, and it was only because the phy- that they did uot have themselves cut apart, For completeness the power to reproduce is | skulls MAS NOT A WROLE INprvpvar. “It is very generally conceded today that neither a man nor a woman can be properly re- gardea as a whole individual. According to this theory, a munand a woman together arere- quired to compose an individual, because neither alone is able to reproduce the species. essential. The whole problem is greatly com- plicated by the dittic individual of determin vulty should be ning when considered to come into existence, whether as » vitalized germ, at some period of development betore that can or this find a being born. in one of thove things that at.” may say no fellow ed | isch . tte MAN IN THE OLD DAYS How Human Beings Lived During the| Epoch of the Reindeer. LIFE IN THE CAVERNS. Was Primeval Man a Cannibal?—Caves Dweit im Hundreds of Thousands of Years Ago— ‘Hunting and Fishing im the Ancient Streams ‘and Foreste—Discovery of the Metals, (A “THOUGH HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS of years have certainly elapsed since that epoch when primeval man occupied western Enrope in company with the reindeer and other animals which have in these later days Fetreated to the arctic, somuch has been ascer- tained by science respecting him, as a Stan re- porter has learned, that one can actually look | back through the ages and behold this. remote ancestor of the human race as he lived and pursued his daily avoeations. The great gia- ¢inl period had come to an end, and the mighty | animals with which his own distant progenitors had been obliged to contend—the great cave | bear, twice as big asa grizzly, the cave lion, | the mammoth, the woolly rhinoceros and the | saber-toothed tiger—were fast becoming ex- | tinct, It was still very cold, else what is now | France could not have been occupied by rein- deer as plentifully distributed as are now sheep in the same region, and by the musk ox, the chamois, the wild goat and the lemming, all of which have been driven by the increas- north or to the frigid mountain tops. Not having acquired the art of building, man in that time was obliged to make his home in caverns, selecting by pref- erence a hole in the rocks with a very narrow opening, which could only be entered by cl ing. Thus he not only obtained shelter but rendered himself secure ngainst attacks by wild beaste. When he took up his abode ina level aud non-mountainous country he was compelled to construct artificial eaves for him- self by gathe.ing stones ther. for want of a cavern, if an overbanging cliff could be found, he helped out this natural protection with rocks and thus made a convenient retreat. ir sottle- from the remains found, are known to have been occu- pied by families or tribes, the stone tools and other objects found with them demonstrating their extreme antiquity. some reckoning can be formed approximately of the number of centuries required for the deposit of the strate covering up these relics. WHERE THEIR RETREATS WERE. Such retreats were usually situated in a val- ley near a running stream. Like the caverns they contain great deposits of bones of mam- mals, birds ald Sebee oa well as tools aad wes ons of bone and stone. ‘The hearths are also found, on which the primeval people cooked their food, with quantities of ashes from fires that burned +o many ages ago. These hearths were made from slabs of very hard rock, such as sandstone or slate, bedded down solidly in the ground. Man during that epoch had no notion of agriculture. He bad not as yet do- mesticated any animal 60 as to profit by its strength or to insure by its means a constant supply of food. He was therefore a hunter and depended for his sustenance upon the wild Deusts which he wasable to kill with spears and arrows. The reindeer was the creature he chiefly depended upon for meat. It was tu him what it is at present to the Laplanders, the most precious gift of nature. He ied upon its Hiesh aud made his garments of ite skin, utiliz- ing its tendons as threads in the preparation of his dress, while its bones and antlers were con- verted into ull kinds of weapons and imple- ments. Keindeer's horn was the earliest raw material employed for manufacturing purposes and to the human being of that age it was all that iron is to his descendants now. ‘The horse, the ox, the elk, the ibex and the chamois all contributed to the primeval larder. ‘uils and the long bones of tue newly-killed animals were broken with batchets and ham- mers for the purpose of extracting the marrow | and the brains, which tlroce who feasted ate all | steaming with the natural animal heat. such prey certain birds, such as the grouse and | the owl, were added. ’ When ali other game was short they fell back upon the rat. Around the hearthstone in oue cave at Chaleux more than twenty pounds’ weight of the bones of water rats, half were dug up. FISH WAS EARLY USED a8 oop. ‘That fish was used by man at that epoch as | an article of food has been proved by the dis- covery of numerous remains of fish bones in the caves he occupied. On many of the bone and born implements he left behind also are discovered sketches representing fishes The most simple form of fishing apparatus em- ployed in that age was a little splinter of bone, irom one to two inches in length and pointed at both ends. ‘This was the primitive fish hook. It was fastened toa line by the middle and cov- ered with bait, so that wien swallowed it be- came fixed inside the body of the prey. It is not known whether the men of the reindeer period practiced cannibalism or not, but it scems probable that they did. Human have been found in Scotland mixed up with sculptured fiints and children's bones, und on the latter traces of human teeth ure apparently reeognizable. Elsewhere human fiuger joints have been discovered among the remains of cooking in the caves. At that time man had not as yet domesticated the dog, as is shown by the fact that no trace whatever of bones gnawed by them have been exhumed in any of the human settlements referred to. It is known thas primeval man dressed himself in garments of skius, particularly those of the reindeer. Furthermore, it is beheved that he knew how to prepare the hides by clearing them of their hair with flint scrapers. Having Performed this process he rendered the skins supple by rubbing them with brains and marrow. Presumably he cut them out in some very simple patterns and Joined the pieces to- gether by rough sewing with bone needles, many of which are preserved to this day in the museums. For thread the sinews of the reindeer were used. EARLY WEAPONS OF WAR. Most important of the weapons employed in war was the flint knife, but another very effeet- ive tool for etrife was supplied by mature in the | shape of the lower jaw bone of the great cave | Dear. ‘2be long and solid bone furnished a handle and the great canine tooth a dangezous paint with which most deadly blows could be struck. It seems rather curious that even in the midst of their extremely precarious exist- ence the people of that age manufactured neck- laces, bracelets and other articles of personal adornment, either with shells strung like beads or with the teeth of various animals, which were pierced with holes for the mime purpose. ‘The horny part of the ear of the horse aud ox supplied sunilar ornaments, Semnent tion and even commerce were es- tablished in those days between tribes ae western Europe. People who lived in Belgium were to travel as far as the district Champagne in France in order to procure the flints which were not obtainable in their own locality. They likewise brought back fossil shells, out of which they made fantastic neckiaces. At the same epoch real manufactories of weapons e produc- tions Of which were distrib i tan country accordiny irements 0} ar The cave at ‘Chalbex, shove Tr in it { | 8 5 & eitle j He Hl a& i i 3 FE i : 4 f £2 & ie C wrotnd the | Possessed Fa river and ite glitter attract attention. © was bly the next metal utilized and the kno#l- of tin also dates back toa very great an- ity. Silver was unknown until a much date because it is seldom found pure, and ly ever except in combination with ‘lead ores. Bronze, wnich is an alloy of nine parts for the pnrpose of making tools Se cmubetitute for tint, boce and horn, “it was very easily by smelting together ze and tin ores, thas ® readily fusible material, very cell coon cantneet-ge by slow cooling and éamly cast with stone molds into any shapes desired. ‘There was no instru- ment which could not be made in this way out of bronze, and, once provided with it, man was to made rapid progress in civilization. ———_ DIAMOND CUT DIAMOND. Hy ll Some Stories of Fishing for Men Whe Fish for Other People. “ 1% ‘are no peopie in this world so easily taken in as professional sharpers and swind- Jers,” eid a veteran newspaper man toa Stan writer. “When I was employet, some years 880, 8a reporter on agreat New lork daily the paper had struck a sort of advertising line in the exposure of cheats, and I, having mani- fested ability in that kind of work, was chosen likely his selection of me was due in part to my unsophisticated appenrance, inasmuch as I have always been accustomed to be taken for a logical student, “However that may be it was my duty in the Performance of this business to go to see the Swindlers, not asx reporter, of course, but in the guise of a victim. I was a person of a trusting and guilviess nature with money to invest where it would fetch « fabulons interest: I wanted cimployment and had no objection to Putting up s few hundred dollars im cash as so- | curity for my faithtuiness: I desired to obtain & quiet divorce within thirty days and without scandal aud was willing to pay « good price for it, or what not. In auy case my object was to | get the sharpers to commit themselves and | thus secure material for an exposure of them | in leaded minion. There was never any dil |eulty about it. They were so innocent and | trustful always that it positively made me feel | Conscience-stricken to deiude them in such @ | ermel It was almost pathetic to sce how | Bususpectingly they swallowed the bait the | minute it was put before their noses in the shape of a person of harmless aud evangel- ical aspect, with supposititions wealth in bis clothes. I remember well the remark of « gambler who ran a brace game on Ann street | that I was compelled to expose in print. It aid not cost me anything to play there while I Was collecting my materiel in the shape of facts, becau fraudulent, I made it my simple policy to bet steadily against the colors or numbers that were backed by the biggest wagers. ‘The pajer [bad given me [50 to lose, but 1 wax thus eu- abled to retura the sum to the eas {about 2350 of winnings left over for myself. But, as I was going to say, when the proprietor Of the establishment was being dragged away to @ dungeon cell, having been convicted on my evidence, and leaving a sorrowing wife to provide by taking in wushing for'a large tamil of innocent children, he turned to the polic man and said, with a break an his voice: ‘Pardner, I wouldn't 0’ minded this, but to be bilked and took in by a fool newspaper re- Porter, with look like a catfish learnin’ the | on catechisin—it's too much, that’s what it , having “4 “But I never shall entirely forgive myself for the conscienceless manner in which J swindled two poor green goods men on one occasion. I always shail think it au outrage that the police should have obliged me to give up the money bat, as the ‘shilling shockers say, I anticipate. It happened this way: A farmer out in Orange county got a circular from New York couched | iu the usual style aud offering to supply him | with counterfeit money of a sort impossib) detect at the rate of $1,000 for $100 in tr bills. He sent it to my paper,and the editor wrote to him at ouce to make arran ments for securing an engage farmer's name with the green goods pesple. This was readily managed, and it was deter- mined by correspondence ‘through the rural post office that the farmer should meet them At the Astor House ou a certain day at 2 p.m. “My disguise ax the farmer must have be remarkably for. coming down Brond: with gripsack, linen duster and wide-bri: hat, I was accosted at different points by three dunko men; but I did not want them, and so 1 let them escape. in the lobby o or House 1 was received with « most ng ry several expensivs cigars, which so expanded my heart that I promised bim unlimited pic jd other rural delicacies any time tha ight chance to visit Cranberry Center. | regular program followed. He took me toa | small third-story front room in a house on street, where he introduced me to bis pu whote name was Robiason, and the two cou out $5,000 in bills, for which I was to p What they showed me was real money, course. According to the method invariably adopted in this sort of fraw# they propose wrap up the $5,000 and exc! “ye pac ast Mie at the lust moment for another j it, full of paper, whic I was to be permitted to car away. Instead of subscribing to this style of doing things, ho the bills from a my inside pocket. “That ‘suits me, and here's your #500,’ I wer, I suddenly picked up table and thrust them inte } said, handing them five treasury,uotes for £100 each. “You never saw two men so flabbergasted as they were in all your life. At first they tried to temporize, saying that they wanted to count the stuff again, and when that didn't produce any effet they locked the door and threatened tokill me. I was armed, bi avoid any tragic occu had the money. So summer day and the window two police officers had burst into the room. My fricuds were taken to the lockup and subsequently were given a lib- eral term each in the state’s pricun. I always have felt that it was almost too bad to cheat them in such a way, particularly inasmuch as 1 atter- bt have r stored some of it if it hadn't been that the p lice, very wrongfally, as I consider, made » disgorge the 74,500, which repre profits on my first and last parc ae ee NEW PUBLICATIONS. COLOR STUDIES 4ND A MEXICAN CAMPAIGN. By Twoxas A. J. R, author of “The Aztec ‘Treasure House,” © New York: Charies Scribner's Sous.” Washlugton: Breutauo’s, d my of green KHALED. A Tale of Arabia. By F. Manion ‘CRAWFORD, author of “Air. Isaac Ciaud- lus,” ete., ete. New York: Macuillaa & Co. Washington: Wm. Ballantyne & Son. ON NEWFOUND RIVER. By Thomas Nuisox Pack, author of “Su Ole Virginia, Confederates,” ete, New York: Charles Sci ners Sous. W. : Brentano's. QUITA. A Novel. By Cuci. Detax, author of Fal Pau © with doubt where once my faith iself serenely safe from death; er plessed flelds of heaven and make void the place He dwelt in power and grace, 1 gain, that am myself undonez™ —Wituias D. dlowntss. i: i i i i i F i ; i F ti ge ks i ? ivi gt EXPERIENCE IS THAT THERE | by the city editor to pursue the subject. Very | clergyman and in my younger days for a theo- | se, knowing that the play was | jadelphia: J. B. Lippincott | XEW YORK GossIP. Happenings of Particular Interest te the Busy Metropelia, SPLENDID CHORAL RERVIONS IN THE CHURCHES HOW TRE TRESH-AIR FUND aPrects THost a? TRE SEARPORE TRE FODR WUXDRED EXER- CISED OVER SIR GORDON CUNNING 's ¥.erT. Sper.al Cormencadence of The Evening Star, New Yor, June 11, 1891. One trouble abont New York is that there fe fo much of it that one often misses a good and ‘Interesting occasion from sheet inability to be | in two pinces at one time. On Snnday, for i ‘tance, there are frequently a dozen notable services in as many of the great chain of churches from Harlem down to old Trinity, | but the most active and agile of religions | tramps could bardiy succeed in inclading them | all in bis day's devotions. Away up in Harlem, on the corner of Lenox avenue and 122d street, is one of the most impressively besutifal churches in this great city, that of the Holy Trinity, and it was a strikingly beautifal serv- ice which was held there on last Sunday even- = sung, sohn, Arcade pare derotie dw great r festival today, when Dr. Mossiter, the organist, celebrated bie twenty- th anniversary in thet position. Over one | ved of his present and for chotr boys, ¥ ot whow are now stall men, newer: i parts of ‘the country to sing the by the way, with the exception and an anthem by Spohr, nod. 4 SUPT REAN VIEW OF “FRESH-aTR FUNDS.” “Will I buy is to an entertainment for the benefit of your fresh-air fund?” wsiced the suburban matron, body. “Not much I won't. Pardon the low expression, but it sounded more emphatic than plain no, and I wished to be very emphatic. Ob, yes, I know I ama Turk and infidel rolled imto one, but just let ame veil you, there are two sides to that fresh-air business and Tam ou the otber side. We boaght a cottage nearthesea tor the sake of and fresh air, and we hed every reason ak we bad got what we paid for until last summer. Then the benevolent of n rich church uptown got the idea tour beach was just the place for the poor little street Arabs of their mission to recuperate ‘So they made arrangements with © woman near us who took boarders and who wisely forebore | to consult her neighbors about the plan, and the first thing we knew the enemy was upon ua, and he was upon us in platoons all summer. Every two weeks a batch of marauders would come down to tuke the places of those ingenuity in mischief was exhausted. Oar lawns were devastated, our flower bede rified, the beach was infested with bowling hoodlums vd it was jast about ae agreeable as living on the ground floor of an east side tenement house. Our children wanted no better ment than to plunge into devoted intim: with the most abandoned of the little rattians and life was one long combat to keep them | from acquiring the language and manners of | Avenue A. We endured it for one summer as | best we comid with much interchange of sym. pathies between ourselves, but when we heard that the same arrangement was to be made this | year several of the property holders went to jee the gentlemen of the church having the | matter in charge. They only needed to state | the circumstances, and the gentlemen said at jonce they wouldn't think of causing ¢o much Yes, I suppose they ought to have ir somewhere, and I am willing to | coutribute if a spot can befoundso remote and | inolated that nobody would object to having them there. But Iam atraid it would be ex- pensive, for T don't know of any place nearer than Siberia or the desert of Sahara. WHAT WILL THE FOUR HUXDRED po? Fashionable society good deal stirred up by the report that Sir William Gordon Cum- | | | aunoyance. | coun ) | ming was to visit this country in te wutumn with his bride. Miss Garner comes of a well- | known family here aud is popular, but it is not | believed that the bridal pair will get a very cor- reception. The el is very strong here fense is one that will put him into Coventry in | Amer in London, #0 far } od. He isin « much worse social life, than if be were t in some other way hemous oi g at cards is | sins in club life, | it among the a of over we are disposed to be Jo: of Wales in our exclusive circles, and it te war | to the knite now between Cumming and the prines, TEMPERANCE BY EXCINE. ‘The temperance reform in this city is passing into rather a new phase. The “Ten-Nighte-in- epoch has given :way to more utitic methods. ‘Theeffort now ix to pro- society through the better administration of the laws. Not that there is less interest in temperance societies, perbaps, bat there a far attention paid to the legal end of the Movement, Decieties have been spri uj within two or three years all over the wit | Laving for their object the enforesment of the | excise law and the elevation of publie opinion | on the question of the liquor trafic. A strong society of this class has just been organized on the west side, with Lorettus 8. Metcalf (for- merly editor of the Forum, as president. ‘his | society joius with another sirong movement iu | Harlem, and with one or two more down town, | and expects to restrict the spread of liquor | suivons and tone up local sentiment on liquor cclling, at least so far asthe business violutes | the law. The movement is entirely wnese- | arian, In fact, the Koman Catholic clergy are | giad to co-operate with Protestants on this | co jon ground, & some of the strongest and ost practical antagonists of the liquor traftic to be found among the Koman Catboiic priests. Tbat church ts making @ systematic nd tireless attack on the grog shop and the | liquor i nid of at then of any | other foe which has appeared, priests | keep track of every new mloon and Sight every | new license in a way which makes it very ua- comfortable for the liquor dealers. METROPOLITAN NOTTS. Commissioner Roosevelt has been having « regular cow-boy frolie with the local back politicians bere, and has given thew a taste of wild western vigor, which they will not forget | in a hurry. We aré to have anew hotel on 5th avenue, thin time opposite Chickes Hell. it ia, ing however, to be a small affeir, value of the property be: (0. i] | « | into the st | remover anotl | Editor Palitzer came to town in very much ved health Wednesday on the Majestic, | oud there is nervousness in the Worid oftce, as felt there will be a little local eycione. Menn- | while the seceding Col. Cockertil is making very good impression with bis double journal: istic team, Auother collision on the elevated railroad, | but that road seems born under a lucky star. | Two trains crashed togetber on the 3d aveu unc, but no oue wae badly injured. Hasey Ro Exusot. saints soe paint What We Drink. Some interesting facts relating to the com position of alcoholic beverages are presented in the Pharmaceutical Era, Gin is a coloriess neutral spirit, originally produced from grain, which is treated with oil i f H H F i i & i i i fi f i | i f E i . ° H i [ : t i ! ! i 4 [ 5 i fi i 3 I l i a 7