Evening Star Newspaper, January 21, 1891, Page 6

KING KALAKAUA DEAD. ‘The Monarch of Hawaii Dies in San Fran- cisco, ‘MIS SISTER, PRINCESS LILIVOKALANI, TO SUCCEED ‘TO THE THRONE—POLITICAL TROUBLESIN THE I8- LaNDS—SKETCH OF KALAKUA'S REIGN AND (COUBT—PARTICULARS OF HI8 LAST ILLNESS. King David Kalakaua of the Hawaiian Islands, who came to California a few weeks ago for the benefit of his health, died at 2:30 o'clock yesterday afternoon at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco of Bright's disease of the kidneys. At the apartments of King Kalakaua yesterday morning the situation was one of anxious watching. Surgeon Wood of the United States steamship Charleston and Dr. Sawyer remained by the bedside of the king throughout the night and in an adjoining room atan early hour gathered Consul McKinley, Col. MacFar- lane, the royal chamberlain, Col. Baker of the king's staff. Claus Spreckels and several other friends of the king. HIS STRENGTH OVERTAXED. Col. MacFarlane mid that Kalakaua had fe- mained in a comatose condition since 6:30 o'clock in the morning. A stimulant of brandy and milk was administered at intervals, but no solid food had passed the patient's lips for three Guys. Col. MncFarlane ‘also stated. that the physicians were aware of the king’s condition several months previous. His majesty’s trip to California had, however, been productive of good resulta, and had he remained quietly in Sar. Francisco his health would have been much improved. Consul McKinley said it was prob- ably the king’s trip to southern California that had overtaxed his strength, and that the cold which he contracted at Santa Barbara hastened the progress of the malady. Az 10:30 o'clock the United States ship Charleston came down from Vallejo and anchored in the stream. Admiral Brown pro- ceeded at once to the king’s apartment. Sur- geon Wood came from the sick room and spent several moments in conversation with the ad- miral. At 11:45 o'clock a number of friends hud gathered at the bedside and Dr. Reed of ‘Trinity Chureb prayed for the dying king. He was then lying on his back, with upturned eyea, apparently unconscious and breathing stertor- ously. The king was to have left this week for Honolulu on the United States flag ship ‘Charleston. THE KING'S ILLNESS. The malady affecting King Kalakaua was of several years’ standing, but it was not made visible to his medical advisors until last Thurs- day, when Dr. Sawyer and Dr. Taylor were called in for consultation by Dr. Woods. The decision was that Bright's disease held the Ha- waiian monarch firmly in its grip. It seems ‘tha: a year ago, under the care of Dr. McGraw, the royal physician at the isladds, it was ob- served that his majesty was prone to drop asleep suddenly at dinner, at receptions, at any time in fact. The doctors attributed this to various causes, but did not seem to settle on any or- ganic difficulty. They made examinations and analysis which developed the presence of symp- toms of kidney trouble, but four years before the king had suffered from kindred trouble, and last Friday, soon after his return from his trip to southern California, the king suddenly grew worse. The king's remains will be embalmed at once. While no definite arrangements have been made yet for the funeral services in San Francisco and the removal of the remains to the islands it is probable that services will be held in Trinity Episcopal Church on Thursday and that the remains will leave for Honolulu on the United States tlag ship Charleston before the close of the week. The next regular senger steamer for Honolulu will not leave here until January 27 and it is probable that the first intelligence of the kings death will be re- ceived by the Hawaiian people when the rleston arrives at the harbor of Honolulu With the remains of their king aboard. The flags on all the public buildings in San Fran- cisco were placed at half mast yesterday after- noon and the Hawaiian ensign is also at half mast above the Palace Hotel. TE SUCCESSION. Kalakaua will be succeeded by his sister, Lydia Kamakaheha Lilivokalini, who was born on September 2, 1838. She was proclaimed heir apparent to the throne on April 12, 1877, on the death of his brother, who had been pro- claimed heir upon the king's inauguration. ess Liliuokaleni is now ating regent, ing twice previously filled the high offic during the king's absence. The next bei: in the legitimate order of succession is the young Princess Kaiulant, born on October 16, 1975. is the daughter of the late Princess Like- like, youngest sister of Kalakaua, and A. 5. Cleghorn. ‘This young woman is now in Erg- land pursuiag her studies to fit her for the high D0 he is probably destined to fill. Princess regent and actual queen of Hawaii by right of succession, is childless. She married Owen Dominis on September 16, 1562. sband is well known on the coast and as of of Oabu was very popular with visit- he island. Queen Kapiolani had two of crested princes, but they are not in the ‘line of succession and will probably be passed kalani in naming her sne- cessor » the constitution, as the is ‘bot partial § men. or, indeed, to any of Queen Kapiolani's’ blood. ‘Her sister's only child will probably be proclaimed heir apparent. Aister of Queen Kapiolani, Boo i kelani, will also fall into disfavor with Lilino- Kalani when she ascends the Hawaiian throre. KALAKAUA’S CAREER. David Kalakaua was born at Honolulu No- Yember, 16, 1836, being the son of Kapaacka. He was educated in the royal sekool at Hono- Juju and went to California in 1860. On the death of Lunalilo, February 3, 1874, Kalakaua was elected nis successor by the parliament bruary 12, 1874. In the autumn of Ist King Kalakaua made a tour of the United States and Europe. The death of King Kala- kaua is of more than usual political importance in Hawaii. owing to the attitude of different par- tiesthere. An editorial letter from Honolulu, re- ceatly published in Tur of King as reign present political situation in the island. From Uns letter the following extracts are made: KALAKAUA'S KINGDOM. ‘The Hawaiian group, known popularly as the Sandwich Islands, is composed of twelve islands, eight only of which are inhabited. ‘The largest of these—Hawaii, which gives its name to the group—contains abont 4,000 square mules and the islands altogether about €.000. It must be borne in mind, however, that these islands are nothing more than a series of vol- canic mountains and that the proportion of arable land to the amount of acreage is very small. The area of land that can be cultivated still further diminished by the want of water pply on the leeward side of the islands. The Fainfall is mainiy upon the windward side, or the side swept by the trade winds nine months fringe of cocoa nut palms (which is'a «ilt-water tree) on the coast, the windward side at Hilo, where it is almost always raining, and the rainfall two 254 inehes or over 21 on is almost a i Honolulu, on the leeward side jungle. 1 Oahu. owes its luxurious vegetation to irri tion from stor- dation in a way to create large districts of ara- bie land. ‘This is what has on the island of Kauai, the oldest or first thrown up of the voleanic group. In this island the moun- tains have been washed down to such an ex- tent and the lava fields so much disintegrated that there is a rich covering of soil so produc fire that Kanai bears the name of the “Garden nd.” SUGAR 18 KING now in the islands and everything runs to its production, with a slight diversion in the direction of rice. Coffee of the best quality is raised here, and it is in great request in our eastern cities, especially in Philadelphia, but it has been affected by some sort of blight in a | way to rather discourage its prodnetion. TI oranges produced here are, to my taste, with the exception of the Florida oranges, the finest in the world, but they are not cultivated toany great extent. The native bananas are also excellent, rich and sweet, but they do not bear tran: rtion as well ax the coarser and ess Chinese variety, which is gener- tivated on the islands for shipment to the United Statea. One hax to goto tropical countries to get tropical fruits in perfection. ‘Those we import are necessarily of the coarser varieties and are plucked when green. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLANDS is a constitutional monarchy. There is a leg- islature, composed of the house of nobles and the house of representatives. The two houses sit together, acting as a single body and hold- @ their proceedings jointly. The English d Hawaiian languages are used. The nobles were formerly appointed by the crown, but are now elective, as are the representatives. The nobles get no pay; the representatives have a salary of $200 per year. There are four cabi- net ministers—of the interior, finance, foreign affairs and the attorney general. There is a supreme court, with «chief justice, four asso- ciate justices, circuit judges, district judges, @ goud police department, &c. The courts have always maintained a high standing for capacity and integrity. KING KALAKAUA AND HIS COURT. ‘The royal court isa pretty top-heavy affair va population about one-third that of the District of Columbia. It consists of: His majesty Kalakaua, elected in 1874. Her majesty Queen Kapiolani. Her royal highness Princess Liliuokalani and heir apparent, sister of the king and wife of Hon. John Owen Dominis. Kawekiu-Kaiulani - Lunalilo - Kalaninuiabila- palapa (or Princess Kainlani for short). Her ‘royal highness Virginia Kaj Poomaikelani, sister to Queen Kapiolani. His highness Prince David Kawananakoa. His bighness Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalani- anaole. His majesty’s chamberlain, Col. G. W. Mac- farlane. His majesty’s vice chamberlain, James W. Robertson. Then there is his majesty’s staff, composed of seven members, and the privy council of state, of forty-five members. The salary of the king is $25,000 a year, and through approprintions for household expenses, rivate purse, rents from crown lands, &c., he an annual income of about $60,000. It understood that his private income is now de- voted to paying off or reducing his big personal indebtedness. He has no control over the pub- i ‘and the Hawaiian public finances -¥ good condition. Kalakaua is a sort ka POLYNESIAN PRINCE OF WALES, genial, tactful, a free liver, » bad poker player, extravagant in his expenditures and alway hard up for money. The worst that is said of him is that he is apt to give a somewhat ready ear to the unscrupulous money-raising schemes of the gang of seedy adventurers, opium smug- glers, gamblers and soldiers of fortune from all quarters that infest Honolulu. He is edn- eat intelligent and with considerable scholar- ship.’ A hobby of his is the attempt to trace the source of the Hawaiian race, instead of the Mi uted. He has agreeable manners and is an adroit politician. Thus he has managed to keep in with all parties and, though pretty badly im- licated in what is called the opium scandal, Eas evaded all efforts to displace him. KALAKAUA'S ROUGH EXPERIENCES. He was elected king in 1874 by the legisla- tive assembly, over the late Queen Emma, widow of the late King Lunalilo. It was charged that his election was due to foreign influence and a riot followed the announcement of the result. The committee appointed to inform a8 of his election were savagely assailed as they attempted to enter their carriage and driven back to the hall terribly bruised and_crippled. ‘The mob then tore the carriage to pieces, bat- tered in the doors and windows of the assembly building, clubbed neariy to death nine of the representatives who were known to have voted for Kalakana, threw chairs, tables and valuable documents out of the windows, and then went for kerosene to fire the building. A general scene of fire and bloodshed was cer- tain had not the ministers sent an urgent re- quest for aid to the American and British ships of war in the harbor, which was responded to by landing a force ‘of marines that dispersed the rioters. This naval force restored order and held possession of the government build- ings while Kalakaua took the oath of office in private, and the representatives, or such of them as were not too badly injured, returned to their chamber and were liberated from their duties by the king. At the end of ten da: Kalakaua had the reins fully in hand and joint American and British protectorate wi withdrawn. ple from the Aryan yan family, as attrib- ‘THE GIBSON REGIME. King Kalakaua had no serious trouble in his reign thenceforward until he fell under the in- fluence of a plausible adventurer by the name of Gibson, who, as prime minister, speedily got the government involved in such crooked schemes of extravagance and folly that the sub- stantial elements of the community were obliged to unite and interfere for the protection of their own interests. The king was compelled to turn out the Gib- son cabinet and to sign a new constitution, under which his powers of appointment to of- fice and in the expenditure of money were greatly reduces kaua had the tact to ae~ cept the situation gracefully, but it is under- ing a restoration of his kingly powers, and it ia charged that he was in collusion with Wileox in the revolutionary attempt of July, 1889. If so, he was adroit enough to avoid ‘direct implication with the plot when it collapsed. ‘The Hawaiians of high or low degree are not 8 fruitful race and Kalakaua has no children. QUEEN KAPIo.AxT. Everybody speaks well of Queen Kapiolani. She is ladylike and amiable, and has escaped a place in *he wide-reaching scandal gossip of Honolulu. She does not speak English and is Tather retiring in disposition. k Her royal highness the Princess Victoria Se THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, ‘D. G; WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1891. . Macfarlane, gets asalary of $6,000, and earns it, too. It may be’ added that while there seems to be a good deal of court here for so small a country, the court itself is in personnel quite up to the mark of any going. Probably no court in Europe can show a finer or more regal looking set of men and women. Portly, stately Kalakaua would make a dozen ings of the whipper-snapper pattern of the ing of Greece, for instance, and his e is @ much finer’ building than the ugly barn- shaped home of royalty at Athens. e members of the cabinet are, with the ex- ception of Minister Cummins, all white, as are the justices of the supreme court, but the larger part of the government employes are natives, the report of August 31, 1889, showing that there were 1,184 Hawaiians employed to 612 foreigners. Some of the aspiring young natives—or rather of the half-brecds—are, however, demanding positions in the leading. offices. The chief of these is a half-breed named Rob- ert W. Wilcox, who was educated in Italy by the government as an engineer, where he mar- ried an Italian lady of some prominence, and expected on his return to the islands to have a big place. e administration did not seem to find a place for him that he was capable of filling with a salary that suited his ideas, and he set up as an agiiator for a change of deal. He seems to have a good many of the qualities of a popular leader, a rather winning address and the native facility for public ing. He is undoubtedly the popniar hero of the natives, but is dis- trusted by the business clement, and in the re- cent change of administration for which he worked he failed to get a place in the new cab- inet. ‘THE WILCOX REVOLUTION. On July 30 of last year he set up an insur- rection, supposing he had a sufficient backing. ‘The story of the abortive attempt is succiently told in the Hawaiian Annual for 1889 as fol- jo Notwithstanding the progress made throngh- out the country under tho present administra- tion the plotting of a few idle place hunters, strengthened by the utterances of recently es- tablished native papers calculated to arouse race prejudices, there developed .a «mall party of malcontents under the leadership of R. W. Wilcox, who with about 150 followers made an attempt on the 30th of July last_to overthrow the government. They surprised the town by taking possession of the palace grounds, its guns and ammunition at early dawn, but were ised in turn at the absence of the king nd the armed force of the Honolula Rifles and volunteers that quickly gathered to oppose and dislodge them. é “After a day of battle and snxiety, resultin in a loss to the inaurgonts of six killed twelve wounded, Wilcox and his followers sur- rendered. In the trials at the October term of the supreme court Wilcox stated that his plans were to obtain possession of the palace and the king, have him sign a new constitution which hho (Wileox) had prepared, giving rights to, the people and restoring power to the king which the present constitution took from him, and turn out the present ministry. In all of ‘these plans he claimed to have had royal sanction. | At the trial before a native jury he was ac- quitted by them under the ancient belief that ‘the king can do no wrong; hence found no trensonsble net in carrying out his behests. Much political capital is being made by Wileox and his sympathizers by this miscarriage of justice, with the view of influencing the com- ing elections, hoping to accomplish at the next legislature what they failed’ to obtain lest ‘THE RECENT CABINET SHAKE UP. At the elections referred to above the Wilcox party under the ery of “Hawaii for the Hawaii- ans” earried the legislature by a small majority, their successes being mainly upon the island of Oahu, which includes the city of Honolulu, while the other islands, in which the planting interest predominates, went against him. On the meeting of this new legislature a change of cabinet was made, but the conservative element had strength enough to secure a compromise cabinet. This cabinet, recently appointed under this new deal, consists of John Adams Curami (native), minister of foreign affaira, vi than Austin; Godfrey Brown, mi tinance, vice 8. M. Damon; Charles N. Spencer, minister of the interior, vice Lorin A. Thurston, sed “Arthur P. Peterson, attorney general vice C. W. Ashford. The eabinet disp! wasa notably strong and able one: the new one, which is a compromise cabinet, is well thought of, being made up of conservative, ractical men. yy the religious section of Honoliln against the appointment of John A. Cummins to the nd-easy Brig- cabinet on account of the fi ham Young-like amplitude of hi circle, but he is recognized as a solid, practical man of ability, sufficiently identified with the busi- nest interests of the islands to make him # safe official, and the dissent to his appointment ia not very loud. TRE HEATHEN CHINEE ON THE KANAKA SHOUL- DERS. It will be seen that the Chinese, Japanese and Portuguese alone outnumber the whole native population. ‘The rapid increase in the Chinese element has caused good deal such a seare in the 1siands as in the United States. Restriction laws have been passed, but they do not seem to restrict, and there is now aloud call for an amendment to the constitution that shall cope with a danger that ‘in the language of the me- morial of one of the an’ ‘ese public meet- ings held here “threatens the antonomy of the country” and to make it a C From i per cent in 1866 the Chi stitute over one-fifth of the entire population. ‘They outnumber the Americans nearly seven to one. It is complained that step by step they are invading and taking possession of almost every means of livelihood in the country and su planting native Hawaiians and others of western civilization. The easy-going natives stand no show in the competition with the tenacious, pertinacious, undermining China- men. In twenty-three years the Chinese have in- creased at such a rate from almost nothing that they now hold 21 per cent of the butcher licenses, 24 per cent of the wholesale merchan- dise licenses, 29 per cent of the hack licenses, 39 per cent of the horse-hiring licenses, 57 per cent of the wholesale spirit licenses, 62 per cent of the retail merchandise licenses, 85 per cent of the victualing licenses, 92 per cent of the pork butcher licenses and 100 per cent of the peddling. It is complained also that they are depopulating the waters of the islands by their unlawful modes of fishing, by which little and big fish are taken indiscriminately. THE RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS in the islands, as shown by the latest census (1854), are: Protestants, 29,685; Roman Catho- lie, 20,072, and unreported, 90,821. Of the lat- ter 17,639 are Chinese. There are about 5,000 Mormons in the islands, but they do not prac- tice polygamy. ARMY ON THE AMERICAN PATTERN. ‘The Hawaiians have followed the American ideas in a good many things, and notably in the small size of its military force. ‘The stand- ing army of the kingdom numbers eighty-five men, which it is proposed to raise to 100 in view of possible political disturbances. The mili. tary strength of the i the kingdom is, however, in- tive companies of volunicers, made rgely of young business men of Honolula. Tre native police are. fine looking, well be- UNCLE AM AXD HAWAII. Acurions feature of the late political cam- paign in the islands was the charge made by There is some little kicking | th, i vantages, Hat have nocause ing us the important foothold of this naval and station, or for continuing the reci- Procity tariff advantages from which we have Teaped such enormous benefits. The islands now buy $5,488,000 of the proaacts of our me- chanies, farmers, man ‘&e., growing from $1,505,000 before the treaty, an of nearly 400 per cent in the time the treaty been in operation. The United has States now sells the islands 79 per cent of their whole imports, and does over 80 per cent of théir entire carrying trade. ‘These are flush times in the islands. The reci- it Tboney henrders; aad. the mosey they bs mone} an money they have ac- fired by the’ business ‘prosperity, bronght about by the reciprocity treaty has been ex- pended in the United States in the purchase of the necessities, conveniences and luxuries of fe. ‘WHAT RECIPROCITY HAS DONE. At the same time it has developed our ocean carrying trade, which had almost become lost industry, to the large extent shown above. The big freight list of one of our vessels plying between:8an Franeisco and Honolulu presents @ curious illustration of the infinite variety of our products, in all the wide range from the needs to the elegancies of life, that are now purchased by the Hawaiians under the reci- Procity treaty. As regards annexation. the United States, with its present bellyful of crude citizenship taxing its powers of digestion to the utmost,is not likely to hanker for the job of assimilating the 19,000 Chinese, the 8,400 Japanese, the 12,000 Portu- guese, the 37,500 Kanackas (natives) of the islands; offset by only 3,000 Americans. THE POPULATION OF HAWAII. Accensus of the islands is taken every six years. The last was in 1884 and a new one will be taken this year. The native population is decreasing steadily, though not so rapidly as of old. Tho foreign poy tion is increasing at a rate to more than. make up for the native decrease. Thus in 1872 the whole population of the islands was 56,599, of which the native population was 49,044. In 1878 the whole population was 57,985; native population, 44,088. lation, 80,573; native, 40,014. It is estimated that in 1889 the whole tion was 92,050; native, 37,500. The 54,550 for- cig population of this estimate is mado up ot half castes, 5,000; Chinese, 19,000; Americans, 3,000; Havralion, born of foreign parents, ,000; Britons, 1.250; ‘Portuguese, 12,000, Germans, 1,500: French, 150: Japanese, 8,400: Norwegian, 250; other foreigners, 500; Polynesians, 500.” POWDERLY ON MEDIATION. Recommendations for Disposing of Labor Disputes on the Railroads. Under the headings, “The New York arbitra- tors—their unfair, untruthfal and malicious re- ports,” General Master Workman Powderly will come out in today’sissue of the Journal of the Knights of Labor in a three-column arraign- ment of the New York board of arbitration de- nouneing its recent report on the New York Central railroad strike. The article boldly begins thus: “If anything were required to give to the people of the state of New York a reason for the speedy dissolution of the state board of mediation and arbitration, the biased report presented to the legislature last week by that board will furnish it. * * * It is unfair, untruthful and misleading. It is more than that, it is mislicious, and plainly ex- hibits the car-marks of men who could not withstand honest criticism and who made a state document the vebicle through which to convey a spiteful thrust which they should have done in their individual capacity, if at all.” ‘The statement by the board that it had com- municated. prior to the strike, with represen- tatives of both ertionia challenged, as is also the assertion that an_ investigation was com- menced during the first week of the strike. Mr. Powderly accuses the board of being in- spired by personal venom in making charges against himeelf. The truth of the charges, one of which was that he had counseled postpone- ment until the presidential year, or 1892, he rorously denties. ‘he assertion in the board's report that the railroad is “‘a great highway of public travel withir the state, created by the = ri marily for their own use and benefit,” te char- acterized as “plain, unadulterated buncombe,” inasmuch as the Vanderbilts now own and con- tro! the road. Mr. Powderly of the seven recom- mendations of the board as “marvels of insane drivel,” and suggests the following in lieu ereof: ‘MR. POWDERLY'S RECOMMENDATIONS. 1. The railways of the state are public high- ways and the law-making power of the state shall exercise control over them. 2. In disputes neither employer nor employe should take advantage of the other and there shail be no cessation of work until the fullest and fairest investigation shall have been made by the state of mediation and arbitra- tion. 3. In order to render labor utes unneces- sary or reduce them to the minimum every dollar of stock shall represent one dollar's worth of material, and there shall be no divis- ion of profits except such as are realized on an honest investment. 4. The state board of meditation and arbi- tration shall be made up of men who are not unde: the influence of corporate power, and shall not accept passes, gifts or other favors from corporations. They shall have authority to act promptly in all cases of dispute between employer and employe and shall have the right to compel each side to submit to investigation and arbitration. Should the decision of the state board of meditation and arbitration prove distasteful tothe parties tothe controversy a receiver shall be ted to take charge of the affairs of the until such time as the difficulty is adjusted, but there shall be no ccssation of operations or discrimination against oe ‘6. The condition of the employe, his ability to support the family on wages received, the effect of restrictions, rules, &c., imposed by the corporation shall be subjects for invest gation on the one hand and mount of in- vestments of directors and stockholders, profits of the concern and the expenses incurred in running the same, on the other hand, shall be subject t tion by the state board of mediation and arbitration. In conclusion the article reads: ‘The rey of the board of mediation and arbit is unworthy the representatives of the e: pire state, and the legislature should reeom- mend to the governor that he ask for their res- ignationsat once, and, unless the law under which they operate is changed, the vacancies should not be filied, for the board is neither ‘useful nor ornamental.” ——+ee. World’s Fair Bill Tabled. In the Alabama senate yesterday a bill to make an appropriation for an exhibit of Ala- batma’s resources and industries at the world fair in Chicago was,on motion of Mr. Milner of Birmingham, laid on the tuble to await the fate of the elections bill. The senator took the. position that i the elections ill became a lnw it would so injure the state that it would be useless to spend money to try to induce immi- gration. ‘The vote was unanimous. —<oe——_—— King Cotton Enters Augusta. King Cotton entered Augusta, Ga., yester- day in royal procession, and was received by the mayor, council and prominent citizens. ‘The mayor delivered an address of welcome and turned over the keys of the city to the king. The whole city is gaily decorated and given up tothe festivities of carnival week. e Tailouda yoterday lett the people aloyg, clin. Ino oxpesiod thas s0 000 perele wk te UO, on ,000 people In 1884, whole popn- | ha ata great rate today. The news of the surren- der spread with extraordinary rapidity, and those who have been away from their ranches for the past thirty days are now endeavoring to | has feel that war is not possible for some little time to come. Not one of these anxious ones but feels that there is real trouble ahead. The iden isan intangible one and one at which some of the military authorities laugh or sneer, but it possesses and permeates the senses of every white man who has in contemplation anything like a lengthy residence in this neighborhood. “When the spring comes,” they all say, and their beads wil sake ina dubiocs and onslaous manner. As soon as they learned that the Indians were only to bo disarmed by a volun. tary process they proceeded to express their sentiments with a deal of frontier forci- bility. I talked with quite number of Nebras- kan farmers who had come up to see things for themselves, and they were almost unanimously of the opinion that neither themselves nor their families would be found in northwestern Ne- when the snow melted away in spring- time. Their statements are not threats. These men mean what they say, and they say that it would be little lees than hinacy for them to re- main in the immediate vicinity of a large band of fully armed hostiles. They propose to mi- grate to some place where the Indian is either an unfamiliar feature in the landscape or where he is peaceably inclined and under control. WALKING ARSENALS. ‘What peripatetic arsenals these settlers are, but in this respect they do not differ very ma- terially from everybody clse in this vicinity. Tho man who has never been within two miles of a hostile Indian and who never will be of his own volition is burdened with a heavy belt, stuffed full oi the largest possible caliber of cartridges. From this belt depends a holster or pistol case in which there will certainly be one, perhaps two, revolvers. If the indi appens to be exceptionally bloodthirsty he will rejoice in the possession of a knife which is several sizes too large for the wearer. So far as my observation goes there are but two cor- respondents here who are notround shouldered because of the weapons and missiles they have had to carry around. Isay “had to” because there was an undoubted necessity some time ago and in a minor degree that same necessity may exist yet, although there are troops enough here to ‘eat every hostile within aradius of fifty miles—if any one can imagine white soldiers indulging in such cannibalism. No one, however, seems to depend on any one else, and the fashion of this place is to carry the greatest possible load of powder and lead and guns to shoot them out of. The settler’s arma- ment is necessarily more burdensome. He has to travel through territory that may at any mo- ment be hostile country, so he carries at his saddle bow or in his wagon the best rifle he can lay his hands on, and this necessitates the pres- ence of another and a heavier cartridge belt than the one called for by the revolver or re- volver. The Indian police are all armed with rifle and pistol, the Indian scouts wear car- dines and revolvers and sabers and no soldier moves around unless he has about his waist the means of offense or defense. Occasionally an officer will be found who seems to be unarmed. Gen. Miles is one of these, but then his escort looks us though it could wipe out a whole tribe of bloodily inclined savages. Col. Corbin, the assistant adjutant general, has no pistol-pro- duced protuberance in the vicinity of his hip pocket and Capt. Maus, the general's aide, seems to be equally defenseless. But these are rare exceptions. THE GUN JOKE. That ludicrous voluntary disarming of the hostiles is still giving cause for laughter, in the first place, and, secondly, for apprehension. Once or twice during the day an Indian chiez will drive up to the agency and hand over a few guns. And such guns! Guns that could be of no possible usc. ‘The only thing any one could do with’ most of the weapons would be to surrender them; they certainly could not be used to shoot with. | Occasionally «good but 60 rarely as to bea weapon will come in, atter of note. Yesterday one man handed in old ilint-lock musket that dates back to the days of Wolfe and Montcalm; it has not been loaded or fired during the lifetime of the oldest patriarch on the reservation. That's how the meek and submissive hostile is poking fun at the authority of the United States as represented here by the army. This feature of savage humor was accentuated yesterday afternoon by the surrender of several’ bows and a number of broken and patched-up arrows. These weapons and toys are being carefully stored away and a receipt given to their late proprietors, Gen. Miles told me this morning that the Indians would not be reimbursed for the guns nor would the arms be restored to them in the future. These things might, of course, be done by some one of the coming administra- tions, but they were not probable; the surrender of the arms had no string tied to it. It is not unlikely that after awhile the serviceable weapons will be turned over to the Indian bu- Teau and from that source issued to the Indian police. MADE HIM THINK OF A FENIAN EPISODE. “Of course there will be a great deal of fraud in the surrendering of arms," said Sur- geon W. H. Gardner last night. Washington ought to know Maj. Gardner faily well; he was stationed there long enough. “Indiansare not fools. Theard that some of them were tarn- ing in bows and arrows. That reminds me of the time when the Fenians started out to have alittle trouble with Canada. The followers of the Emerald flag proposed to cross the inter- national boundary line and straightway take ‘ssion of the entire dominion. Well, th ad , they n engagement with the Canadian tri in the vicinity of Franklin, Vt., and,as I un- derstand it, were defeated ignominiously. I was then an assistant. surgeon and with the fifth United States artillery. We were ordered to Bt. Albans to keep the peace and arrived there very shortly after the battle. All the Fenians who had not fled were ordered to come in to St. Albans to surrender their arms and the result was laughable. No Indian ever had such a variety of warlike implements. ‘The Fenians had but one cannon--a little af- fair—and it was a curiosity. Ordinarily it ‘would have been fired by means of a friction primer, but the Fenians had none of these, 80 they puta percussion cap where they ho port | obld do the most good and pollgre bees gr withan ax. One of the relics camo into my possession. It was a two-handed doul sword that must have been stolen from the Tower of London: it was a ponderous weapon and must certainly have been more dangerous to the warrior who used it than to any one else. To lift it off the ground—it was fully five feot long——was to invite a serious muscular strain.” THE REMINGTON STORY. There is no truth inthe story that Fred Remington, the artist, was captured by Indians in this present disturbance. But he got a bad scare. Any man might well’ be excused for tting a little wcared at such atime. He was a tight corner. I had a chat last ni a man who was him on that mem mand the scouts on hore new an Wounded Kose Sight. ‘Wher vee enters somewhint disturbed ‘condition of affairs but open hostility ‘that region was “undresmod ialertecenen’ bet whan a Indian camp they at once sa was . Young i vi Hy g BY ge BErE | i E 3 | i i i H By ech n aan fe } ifeist i ite to child, who will in ing with him the known as ite Colby. The little one's mother agreed to give up all claim to her spring for s consideration ‘and the considera- was over evening. This news will probably ae be displeasing to Alli- son Nailor. Gen. Colby also wanted little Johnny No- Neck, @ seven-year-old boy who was captured on the battle field, but Johnny's relatives and friends would not give him up. THE NATIONAL GUARD. For years it has been fashioriable among a certain class of people to speak slightingly of that great unpaid army of volunteer soldiers— the National Guard of the United States. “Toy soldiers,” “tin soldiers,” “Sunday soldiers” are a few of the more choice appellations which have been applied to them in every state in the Union. The same practice has been in vogue in Nebraska, but it hus died out during the past week or twoand there are strong reusors for supposing that in the future there wi 4 of disparaging comment nin the last day of the year 1890 the western Nebraska frontier, with ite numerous and flour- ishing settlements, was ex to the attack of not less than 3,000 fully armed and mur- derously inclined hostile Indians. ‘fhe new year was less than forty-sight hours old when a chain of determined white men, and equipped, stood between the vicious red man ual | and the fleeing settlers. This chain was com- posed of 850 officers and men of the National Guard of Nebraska, and its protecting influence stretched from Madden's bridge (twelve miles north of Chadron) on the west to Wounded Knee creek, north of the town of Gordon. The assembling of these men was no small task. Very few Nebraska towns con- tain more one company, so that the i must necessaril centralizing of iy pany pride, however, forced each of the little commands to hurry up, and the result was some truly marvelous military agility. Just how necessary the presence of militiamen was no one can realize unless he or she has lived in the exposed region which lies immediately south of the great Sioux reser- vation. Little bands of Indians—some friendly, some hostile, but all of them appearing hostile to the lonely men, women and childrer who tear their existence from the border soil of Nebraska and South Dakota—were hurrying toward Pine Ridge, but they were making no more rapid progress woward the scene of strife than were the scared settlers in the direction of more secure civilization. Hundreds of people were preparing to leave their homes for fresh fields and pastures new, where the Indian is not prevalent, when they heard of the battle of Wounded Knee. Then commenced a stamj hich would y have depopulated one of the richest agricultural and grazing regions of Nebraska; a stampede that’ was effectually headed off by the appearance of the Nebraska militiamen. "Confidence and cot i doubts and fears. Men who were compelled to be cowards for the sake of their families turned once more toward the homes and farms they had toiled so hard to establish and possess. Women and children felt that an organized force of strong hands and brave hearts stood between them and the smguinary savage, and asa result there was sound sleep in many'a log cabin for the first time in several weeks. THE NEBRASKA ORGANIZATION. There are not more than one thousand men in the Nebraska National Guard—organized in twenty-two companies—but when the roll was | called along that frontier line on the 2d day @€ January 850 citizen soldiers re- sponded to their names. Only eighteen com- es were ordered out, the other four being Trek in reserves, This shows that the entire = e of those eighteen com was in Id. Every summer the Nebraska state troops have an encampment, This encamp- ment is the most allu 6 military feature of each year, and the young men whose tendencics are toward volunteer service turn out to cam as toa holiday. Two weeks ago the state upon these same young men to go to the front, not in summer time, but, in the depth of a northern Nebraska winter.” The mse was unanimous, and where six men bave attended the pleasant summer reunions seven shouldered their guns and went out to where the blizzard reigns for a considerable ion of the winter. Col. C. J. Bille of the second regiment (the ranking colon e brigade), told me today that’he was not aware of a single instance where a man refused to do service. Several members of the guard were in other states when the order to assemble was issued, but distance was not proffered as an excuse for absence. A number of the men left their places of employment in Kansas City and re- ported by the first train; one threw up a good position in Peoria, Ill. A lieutenant colonel was in Utah at the time, and as soon as he beard the news started on 1,500-mile journey that landed him with his regiment’on border, and an- other officer left Idaho to obey the behest of the state to which he had sworn allegiance. ON GUARD ON THE BORDER. As soon as the various companies reached the places at which they had been ordered to re- port they were assigned to posts. Two com- panies were assigned to each post. Earthworks were thrown up in the most commanding po- sitions and rifle pits were dug. Each post was the headquarters for a detachment of ten mounted scouts, through whose activity was | int communication’ with up. ‘These same scouts also neighborit kept kept the authorities thoroughly and accurately informed of the hostile movements. “But, says some carping critic, “none of these fellows did any fighting.” That is true simply because the fighting did not move in their direction. They were there to put up the best article they had in the line of ion or defense and they stayed by their contract in spite of cold weather and the discomforts of camp life. Gen. Miles appreciates their willing activity and so expresses himself with a of not say enough in ciency. ‘They have,” said he, “shown them: selves thorough soldiers. No ’man need wish for better fighting material than we have in our militia, and if he did wish for it I would like to know where he expects to find it.” Fully as, proud of his Nebraskans as Gen Colbyis Col, Dilla, who by the way, is treas- urer of the National Guard Association of the United States and an enthusiast on all tha tains to the volunteer soldiery. G.H. Ended Their Troubles With Death. Alexander Elsner of New York was found dead in bed yesterday in his room at 425) “4: East 15th street. He had committed suicide on account, it is said, of trouble he had had with » married woman. Elsner was a general and Pron pasta oa le galey fersdorser, jeweler, of Vienna, N. E. Swartout himeelf in a private ing house in New Orleans Mondaj night, He left letters addressed to his wife and daughter, at 42 West 38th strect, New York. Other papers showed that he was @ member of the Union League Club, Chicago. on the road about tires tals from his home in Sumter county, 8.C., Monday it. need not continue longer. pst try tothe north of the line of defenses, and | > Highest of all in Leavening Power— WU. S. Gov't Report, Aug. 17, 188 Reval Baking Powder ABSOLUTELY PURE AUCTION SALES._ i AUCTION SALES. TOMORROW. WEEKES & 00., Auctionsers. G37 Louisiana ave, Opposite City Post Office. OUR REGULAR WEEKLY SALE OF HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE AND EFFECTS, STOVES, CAR- PETS, PARLOR AND BED ROOM SUITES AND SETS, DESKS, LOUNGES, BOOKCASES, MIR- | RORS, HAIR AND SHUCK MATTRESSES, PAINTINGS AND ENGRAVINGS, CHINA, GLASS AND CROCKERY WARE, WITH AN ALMOST AND UNLIMITED AMOUNT OF OTHER USEFUL HOUSEHOLD STOCK, TAKES PLACE AT OUR SALES ROOMS, IN FRONT AND ON FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS, AT TEN A, M. THURSDAY, JANUARY TWENTY- SECOND. THESE GOODS MUST BE SOLD. it DUENCANSON BROS. Auctioneers. BALE OF A o FA LARGE LOT OF FINE STATIONERY, LINEN, NOTE “AND LETTER PAPER. EN: VELOPES, BLANK BOOKS. MEMO) POCKET boo StNiee Ronoun 7 SCHOO! PICTURES AND MUSi: “SECOND. 1801 KAM To Wille! ‘HE PUBLIC IS RE- DUNCANSON BROS. ATCLIFFE, DARK & 00., Auctioneers, R Te Beaheyivenae ave mw. ATTEN THE ATIENTION OF SEECTFULLY CALLED. CATALOGUE SALE BY AUCTION OF A HIGHLY IMPORTANT AND RARE COLLECTION. ot ANTIQUE AND MODERN ORIENTAL CARPETS, RUGS, HANGINGS, EMBROIDERIES AND CURIOS, Collected and Consigned by HADJI GAFFER HUSSEIN, Teheran, Persia. ‘This collection includes some rare Herat, Bokhara, Dabestan and Iran Kurs, which very seldom appear in auction sales and whicu are very highly prized by connoisseurs and collectors of oriental art. Special attention fs solicited to a magnificent collec. tion of Oriental Einbrotderies which has been included in this sale, being the mest note specimens of made Work from Bulgaria end Turke3 SALE PEREMPTO! Goods will be sold to the highest bidder, POR THREE DAYS ONLY. THURSDAY, FRIDAY AND SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, 23 AND 24. MORNINGS AT 11, AFTERNOONS AT3 O'CLOCK. THERE IS NO RESERVE. RATCLIFFE, DARR & CO. $e21-3t rs pYURE DAYS. ([HOMAS DOWLING, Auctioneer. IMPORTANT SALE. 32 MILCH COWS, ONE BULL, ONE HORSE, ONE PRAPTON, 2 SETS HARNESS, 2 CARRIAGES, 2 WAGONS, FARMING IMPLEMENTS, ETC., ETO., AT AUCTION. On THURSDAY, JANUARY TWENTY-NINTS, AT ELEVEN O'CLOCK A.M., at the country reai- dence of the late John B. Clagett, on 7th street road, about one mile north of Brightwood, D.C., 1 will ell the above effects. TERMS CASH. By onder of W. B. CLAGETT, Attorney. _dati-ats THOMAS DOWLING. Auctioner. ATCLIFFE, DARK R #00. 0) Penney Ivania ave. ©. IMPROVED REAL Pst. OF TWENTY - Pins’ AND F ‘On M STREETS Nc DAY AFTERNOON, JANU MALF-FAST FOUR by public auction, 6) FEET LOT 6 IN Si pth of 1 onal 2 cr racht teesved to resell ‘ot tine yar‘pase’ All ‘Conver a Bah ATOLUFEE. DAE & yan a Sbeinie and reo ae £0... _samoate theme TEASEBES, SUE OF NAUTAMEE inerhowen, PROPERTY 18 LE NORTHWEST Ske 7 CONSISTING OF A OFS NEREET BET WAND SIRTPENTH STRET De ATWO-NTOKY BKICK DWH {PREMISES NO. loads Sih By virtue of a deed of trust dated May end duly recorded in Liber retuenta there sale One-third of tbe ym cash and the eh Zeer, secured by 8 deed of trust | With interest at 6 perceut per ost 1 H. WakWen HENRY STRASBURGH jal@dkds | DUNCANSON ([BOMAS E. WAGGAMAN, Aucre TRUSTER'S SALE OF ¥. Y KNOWN AS No. 113 N STREET 3 ASHINGT IN THE CITY OF W Forex. “Auctioneer. I WILL SELL THE ENTIRE Co: STORE N AND ELEV WEDNESDAY, JAN TEN A.M., AND WILL CONTINUE DAILY UNTIL ALL GOODS AKE DISPOSED OF. AND WAS PURCHASED TRADE. | PERSONS MENTIONED GOODS ALL WILL ING, RYE. FOLEY, Auctioneer. (THOMAS DOWLING, Auctioneer. A SMALL COLLECTION OF CHOICE SPECIMENS OF JAPANESE BR@@ZES, PORCELAINS, ANTIQUE CONVEX MIRROR. ALSO AFRICAN BRASS GOODS, DRAPHRY, SPANISH CABINET, ANTIQUE SOFA, ke., Re. JANUARY TWENTY-SECOND, M. and THREE P.M., at my art rooms, 11th and Pa. ave., I shall sell « consignment Of the above goods, amuone which are some choice Pieces. On exhibition da: prior to sale. THOMAS DOWLING, ja19-t NKUSTEE'S SALE OF VALUAMI REALESTATE ON TH Party secured thereuy, the’ fell at public sale and di front of the pres UADAY, THE SEVENTEENTH Dal OF 3 A.D. 1891, at the hour of FOUR O'CL that pare nay aate in the city of Washi . id known and described 1H. Philips’ subi ered two z at chaser a sale be iiedd cian aleve saeaay nae” Aare tat Unideraisred reserves the right \to resell maid Hyuperty atthe rick end cost of defaulting pur- " FENDALL E. ALEXANDER, Trustee, 482 Louisiana ave. THOMAS DOWLING, Auctionser. ~"jad-dkds ere a ae Fa TWENTi-secAD Day UF JANUARY, 180]. on which day said sale will take ce, at the samme hour = res and Upon the same as Specified in the FENDALL E. ALEXAND! ‘Trustee. SPECIAL AND PEREMPTORY SALE BY AUCTION THE HORSE AND CARRIAGE MART, 400 C ST. N.W., k CAN BE SEEN THE MART ck ON MORSING OF SALE a RATCLIFFE: DARR & Co. By virtue of the decree of th | District of Coluunbia, "i qu », SCHKER. ~ that three G8) in square nutbered two hi 28) im the city of Was pay deed of trust ujcn the pre tion of the purchaser. A dep quired at the time of eale. it th conplied with within ten days ir trustee reservcn the right To res! tisk and cost « days adv’ conveyanc ax at TS, Trussee, Ea, 20,27, a Waele. VW ACTER B. WILLIAMS & 00., Auctionsers. | twoyears. for motes Wearing in serured by a deed of trust on property camb at the option of the purclaner. All con Be., at purchaser's cost. #100 down wh pate KANDOLIaI D. ‘tcpeat of mais oF property, ‘ont of defaulting: pur cect All conveyancing and re reg! ‘complied with Will be resold at rink ou five days" cording