Evening Star Newspaper, November 8, 1890, Page 8

ee 8 EMBER. 8. 1890-SIXTEEN PAGES. ~ IN A NIGHT SCHOOL. Students Who Are Seeking Knowl- edge By Gaslight A BUSINESS EDUCATION. THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C.,. SATURDA®, NOV: be three nights a week in which instruction wee aurea | WHAT A MUSEUM DOES TRAINING THE BODY. night this will give but six hours a week for the -_ Dr.@. Brown Goode Talks About the Various Methods of Physical Oul- Smithsonian's Objects. tare Contrasted. HOW TO STAND AND BREATHE I I | LABELING A GREAT ART. if v3 I first teach the person, whether male or fomale, how te carry the body in « manner that I find most conducive to health, strength and longevity, ae to gain wk the muscles mentally. A proper carri the body ise ion fat As for [ ‘The Part That the Label Piays in the Usefainess of a Museum—Coliections for the Public an@d Bigger Ones fer Private Study—A Chain of Museums, —_———.—_—_. 1 i Want to Learn Bookkeeping, Type- ‘Writing and Shorthand. —_—_——— HEN Supt Powell first ‘Whthewt Labor—Outdoer spert as Op Peved to Outdoor Work—The Muldeon Plan ef Werk—cure fer Obesity. ———_ gz 5 g i a conceived the idea of the system of night schools for the city that is now in such flourishing operation he had in mind the alti- Mate establishment in that system of a school at should be to the others what the High School is to the day course. He wanted to beable to give all classes the same advan- tages, in = greater or a less degree, but wisely left the culmination of this part of his plan until after the success of the lower grades of the night schools had become a settled Tact, Last year asingle class that bore these higher relations to the other schools was started in the Franklin building, with consider- able success, under the teachership of Prof. F. A Springer. This year more is being at- tempted, the single school of one class in the Franklin building being enlarged to an entire sehool of five classes in the Thomson build- THE THOMSON BUILDING. Here, then, is the night high school, or, as $8 has come tobe called by some people not acquainted with the actual facts, the night instruction, but it is hoped that with an active teaching force this will be sufficient to give to any reasonably bright pupil s good business education before the schools close in the spring, an education that should enable one to take a Position in any office with good grounds for expecting success. It is not thought, of course, that there will -be any very expert stenographers turned out in that time, mor will many world’s records on the type- writ be broken b; their instruction an this school. lieve, think Mr. Powell and Prof. Springer, that the school will prove a sufficient success in the way of higher education to warrant ite starting over again aext year. DIVIDING THE SCHOOL. On account of the limits of space and teach- ing force it was found necessury to restrict the choice of pupils as to studies to be pursued to one of three prises ahr were — a alarge sheet of man: per and pasted on the wails the potloncnd wo that cll who passed could read. This was done Wednesday night and for a time there was considerable disappointment expressed among some of the newcomers that they could not attempt more than the program would ad- mit. No one was allowed to break a course in parts, and to take study from one and the of the course from another, but the division was so well arranged that the conflicts between possibilities and desires were reduced to the minimum. About the first thing the teachers in the va- rious rooms did was to lecture their pupils upon the uselessness of entering tho school if they id not intend to continue through the year. een found to be the be that Bespaie - pe large perceutage of those who apply for admission to the night schools drop out soon after entering, after the nov- elty has worn off and there is no more fun in the thing. This element will find Ro encouragement in the new institution, for they were thoroughly warned at the start, and the result was that a good many of the weak- hearted ones dropped out at once. The effect was to some extent beneficial, for the numbers were thereby reduced from over 200 to about 175, which can be comfortably handled ORGIILATION OF MONT SCHOUL pupils receiving all of ractice with the keys at Bat there is reason to be- It OU QUOTE me as saying that ‘An efficient educa- tional museum may be de- scribed as collection of in- structive labels, each illus- trated by a well-selected spe- cimen,’” said Dr. G. Brown Goode to s writer for Taz | a Srar the other day. ‘“Imay add to that, explanitorily, that the art of labeling and the art of selecting exhibits for a museum go hand in hand. Until comparatively recent years, so far as modern times are concerned, museums have been in the bands of showmen rather than of ascieutific men and educators, They were curiosity shops, and the theory of their management was that anything was worth including in their collections that was big enough or surprising enough to make peoplo open their eyes. This was a very differcnt idea from that at present entertained as the object ‘for the existence of €n institution like the Smithsonian or bun- dreds of other establishments with similar mo- tives for being in various parts of the world at present. “Museums, in the language of ancient Greece, were the homes of the Muses. The first were in the groves of Parnassus and Heli- con and later they were temples. Soon, how- the meaning of the word changed and it ‘used to describe a piace of study o school. In the second century of the Christian era Athens wae described ag the ‘Museum of Greece, and the name of museum was definitely applied to that portion of the palace of Alexandria which was set apart for the study of the sciences and which contained the famous Alexandrian librar, The museum of Alexandrin was a great uiiversity, the abiding place of mer. of science and letters. When thi Museum was destroyed in the days of Cesar and Aurelian the term ‘museum,’ as applied to a great puolic instita- tion, dropped out of use until the seventeenth century, REBIRTH OF THE MUSCUM. “With the Renaissance came a period of new life for collectors. The churches of southern Europe becamo art galleries and monarchs, woblemen and ecclesiastical dignitaries col- & ‘Unacquainted with the subject. “In a word, the late! must bea picture, It ae ot even be restricted to letter printing. clearnt y by actual pictorial representation. fr ex- mple, if miniature works of the mound builders are shown a map should be hung up alongside with spot on it in color desiz- Rating the locality where these works are found. If strange musical instrument is exhibited @ drawing ought to be appended lustrating a person in the costume of the country whence that instrument comes, the act of laying upon it after the native fashion, witha musical staff attached that willshow any musician ata glance just how the notes or chords are sounded. And so with everything. You have but to expand this idea to understand what I n. Without lal the usefulness of a museum like lost’ We give away thousands tions, always secompanying them with copies of our own labels, for our Object is not to disseminate curiosities, but to diffuse knowledge.” HOW WALL PAPERS ARE HUNG. An Expert in the Art Has a Few Things to Say on the Subject. HIS is a rushing season for our business,” said a paper hanger to a writer for Tue Stan vestorday. “About this time of year people do most of their furnishing and want their houses papered. Paper- ing comes higher in Wash- ingtofi than in most other ities because the wages paid are bigger. I doubt if there is another city in the Union where men of our craft are paid so highly as they are here. Usually we get as much for putting a paper on the wall as the paper itself costs the purchaser. For example, cartridge paper that costs 30 ‘From the New York Herald. HE divergences of opinion among teach- ¢rs of physical culture are at present so great that the man who would “train” his body is apt to become more and more bewildered as he investigates the of the varions systems now in vogue. The three men best known to New Yorkers as trainers are Edwin Checkley, John M. Laf- lin and William Muldoon, Superintendent of Police Murray and Jobn L. Sullivan are among the recent pupils of Muldoon. Mr, Frederick Gebhard if Laflin’s latest subject. Mr. Check- ley is now reducing the flesh of one of Brook- lyn’s most prominent citizens, and has ad- vanced ideas so revolutionary as atonce to challenge comparisons between the results of his and other's systems, To hear Checkley one would mach rather not have Muldoon’s or Lafli training asa gift. Not that Checkley speaks disparagingly of these eminent athletes, but because that which they deciare beneficial to the body he believes positively detrimental, GROWING INTEREST IN PHYSICAL CULTURE. There are probably more new writers and lecturers in the ficld of physical cultare than on any other topic prominently before the public, The interest very widely expressed in the Sargent awards for the best developed man and woman, announced and illustrated in the Herald some weeks ago, was a striking il- lustration of the deep hold the effort after per- fection of the person has taken on people generally, A man who has anything new or striking to say about building up a man's physique or developing a woman's muscles is today sure ofa hearing. John 8, White,LL.D., head master of the Berkeley school in this city, read a good paper on this subject before the Town and Country Club at Newportsome weeks ago. He predicts that the CORRECT POSITION sTOOFING. A day of Sallivan ander the Muldoon regime ‘was much more laborious and included longer and more violent exercise in the way of run- ning, wrestling, the Muldoon the bag and walk- offers the secker after physical culture plenty of work and but little ite irksomeness by the of ; the exercise is not relieved of any of There are no birds tobe shotor trout to be taken by way of amusing the mind, as well as exercising the muscles. FRED GEBHARD WITH LAPLIN. A Gay with Lafiin is quite difforent. “Freddy” for some time up muscle and working Gebhard has been with bi in Pike county working off fat Ex-Senator Jacobs of Brook! month with Lafin shirta, at Fire Island ya _ not ago. A day of Gebhard with Lafiin up in Pike con- sists of this: Rising at 6 or half-past; a short, brisk walk before breakfast; start for the woods after breakfast with gun and dogs, or up = trout brook with rod and creel, in fiannel ut walking shoes and knockabout cos- brisk ran, just hard enough to set the heart pumping dlood throng’ the retarn in the evening; th the arteries on rab down and sponge bath, and dinner or supper; then a little smoke and talk and bed. SENATOR JACOBS’ SEASHORE TREATMEXT. The most attractive program Laflin holds out to aseeker after more wind and muscle and less fat is his seashore treatment. Take Senator Jacobs, for example. A day of his with Lafiin — Island would be as follows: Rise at six, If mile to the beach, strip and jog trot a mile or more on the sand; plunge into the surf, come out sand and then jog ickly, rub’ down with k; here take another plunge into the surf, another rub down, dress and return to the hotel; a light breakfast fol- iowed by rest for two hours; g clothes and go to the beach aga waist and row six miles et into heavy sweaters and pull back; go home, sponge down, go back to the ocean and swim a mile;go home and rub down, have dinner and rest two hours; igbt-ounce gloves for an hour; rub down with alcohol; walk then swing clubs and box with three miles along the beach in 8: back to the house, get into blankets and # t for twenty minutes; rub down with alcobol, rest an hour or two and take another long ing more heroic to keep themselves from apparenily spilling out all their abdomi- nal viscera, If a band is found necessary, flannel or silk elastic are the two best that I kuow of. But the strengthening of the muscles is better than bandaging, and afflicted one Can acquire it easily and without trouble.” Checkley doesn't believe in dieting, but says obesity iss disease. “When the navural funo- tions of the body proceed without interroy there can be no accumulation of fat A man May box and fence and even walk without los ing his terrible abdominal accumulation, But if he centers his efforts at muscular exertion ‘on the abdomen itself the fat cannot stand the attack and will gradually disappear, CONTROL OF THE ABDOMER. “To get rid of it muscular control of the abdomen must be regained. When once it has been lost this is no easy matter.” To attain this result Checkley prescribes twelve exer- Cises and adds: “Persistently subdue the ab- domen and give the prominence to the ch: Walk with the whole body, and do not move as if afraid of jarring some internal machinery. Give the hips free play, and in walking the more of this the better. Practice contraction of the waist muscies. In this way a continuous training, the only training that is effectual, is k Pp, and the result will be immediateand lasting. WASHINGTON ARCHI rECTURK. How Some of the Public Buildings Strike an Expert. The editor of the American Architect, who attended the convention of the American in- stitute of Architects, lately held in this city, publishes the following observations in that journai: Every architect at the late conven- tion must have been more than ever convinced of the unrivaled architectural magnificence of Washington in its present state, as well as of the seriousness of the danger which threatens tistic splendor through the unhappy sys tem which now controls the erection of public buildings. Even without the terraces now being completed under the direction of Mr. Olmstead on the wost side, which add im- mensely to the effect of the building, the Gap- itol is, it seems to us, the nobiest architectural object in the worid. "It is easy enough for ar- chitects to criticise small details, to wish that the dome had been of stone instead of iron, or that the old wooden skylights were not quite 80 conspicuous; but they wili themselves be the <irst to acknowledge that these trifles count for nothing in comparison with the perfect out- the exquisitely studied proportions, both of mass and detail, and the force of artistic feeling which, by rejecti trusive device which a fee! consider “effective,” has gai ye Checkley, “‘that make | spiritual loveliness such as no other large idle life may be pictorially inter- | building in the world possesses. Photographs, y sound heroic, but theysare not | which distort the proportious and misrepresent erage mortal who pax + pte ly | thecolor, never do justice to the Capitol; it to feel light and strong and, if need be, to must be seen in the delicate ti himself ready to enter safely on any reasonable | marble before ite expres physicai undertaking. re is more straining | dignity can be fully apprecia! than training in a good many popular systems e are often told that its situation lends Practiced in and out of the college gymnasium. | most of the charm to the Capitol, and “The strength of a man so trained is only | tion is certainly favorable, but skin deep. It won't stick. We must breathe | cisely similar has n lected books, manuscripts, sculptures, pottery | conts @ roll of eight yards I receive 90 cents a and gems, forming the beyinnings which have | roll for hanging. Friezes of a moderately ex- since grown into public museums, As soon as for th became the fasion for the powerful and [ssa Alongs) or chaser basalt wealthy to powers collections, the scope of | the most difficult thivge te ds properin” ‘There these collections begun to extend. The lords i h it of old Germany in the times Twpeak of made | joore ns Say Para in our business, though i it @ business to form with care what i was then called ‘cabineta of _curi- | Sbrend that strip o osities.’ Elias Ashmole founded in 1667 the | point és to join th first scientific museum at Oxford, still known | Bot show, us the Asmoican Museum, composed chiefly of | "““paper hangers are always employed on the natural history specimens collected in Virginia | piese-work system. ‘That iv to ear, they get 80 an‘ in the north of Afric. Many of the great | fuany cents for each eight-yard roll of paper national museunis of Burope had their origin | that they put ona wall or ceiling. In Ween ington a first-rate man can make €30 a week for eight months in the year. The other four months he lays off and lives on the interest of his 4 per cent bonds, It takes six years to make ® good paper hanger, and during thot time the apprentice gets $5 a week. There are too many apprentices in the business who are insufficiently trained, dg bad work, and make wages lower. But a paper hanger has to know his business pretty well or he will not get along very satisfactorily. A member or agent of the There's a good deal of work about that, too. MIND TRAINING MUSCLE. Now that was not the way the ancient Greeks tcained for the Olympic games, the victors in which were the favorite models for the world’s greatest sculptors. Theirs was an open air training, however, and running long distances, throwing weights, wrestling and the cestus were their favorite exercises. The Greek train- all-round development and ii companying mental culture, produced ideals of male and female beauty. Yet Mr. Edwin Checkley declares that given the same training our mode: greatly molding business school. Perhaps this latter designa- tion comes from its location in the same build- ing asthe day business school branch of the high school system. This institution, in some an experiment and in others an as- wured success, was opened two weeks ago last nightamid a good deal of confusion. Over 250 Pupils of all and both sexes clamored for admission, and it has been with difficulty that this mass of human material has been settled down and organized into classes with definite rson not ex} oy ratte pa roperly along be- Nextto at the least ea 6 strips so that the lines wiil iu the private collections of monarchs, “The first chapter in the history of Ameri- can museums is short. In the early years of the republic the e:tablisument of such instita- tions would not have Leen considered legiti- mate, Whem the goverument came into the : possession of extensive collections as the re- EXPLAINING THE COURSES, sults of the Wilkes exploring ‘The courses that have been arranged are as | were placed in charge of n p follows: hol he ‘National Institution’—and ki . . gether with similar ‘uaterials, in that of emt A-Shetthand, ‘bookkeeping, stith-| voration—the ‘Smitheouian —Iastitutson, CORRECT STANDING POSITION, OLDER AND MORE SEDATE. As would be quite likely in a school bearing ‘the relations tothe other night schools that this does the pupils who have thus far applied for admission have been of a rather better order than those in the more elementary parts of the system. They are older, more sedate and student-like and more determined to learn. As a rule they are ple who have @aily work to do of the higher order, who are determined to fit mselves for other things. to obtain an education in the branches that they could not reach in any other way. ‘The great attraction. of course, is the short- hand and typewriting, as these formsof in- struction have only made their appearance in the curriculum of public school instruction this year, and are generally supposed to be the Keynotes to success in business. Such numbers demanded instruction in typewriting the first night that it was determi to hold au exam- imation in order to cull out some and reduce the class to a size that might be handled Accordingly questions in grammar,the ordinarv, every-day grammar of a business office, ‘Were propounded on paper, and afterward ON THE KEYS, examined. Of thé ninety odd who applied for admission to the class but half were admitted, and so the pressure on this department was re- hheved. Owing, however, to the difficulty of @rranging the various courses so as to get the best resuits with the limited teaching force at hand, the instruction in typewriting wili not begin until Monday night There are tweive new ———_ of four different sorts, that post in the ciasses of the day TO STUDY LATIN. The school is under the principalship of Prof, Gpringer, who will teach Latin. It has been Gecided to give lessons in this study, first, in order to approximate to the course pursued at the day High School, and, second, to give all who wish a chance # prepare for college. Twelve young mem/nd women have fied their intention ty take up the language asa Proposed to establish a small should seem advisable, later There are six class rooms in this building and all of them were crowded to the utmost ca- pacity night Tax 8r, made Course B—Shorthand, English, mechanical drawing. Course C—Algebra, geometry, Latin. Students in all three of these courses take typewriting. it will be seen that shorthand is made a part of each of two courses, inasmuch as it was evi- dent from the start that there would be a pre- ponderance in that study. Course A is the more strictly business course, with course B a sortof middle ground between that and the more nearly academic field covered by course C. THE CORPS OF TEACHERS. The teaching force is not yet complete, the instructor in bookkeeping still bein; known quantity. Mr. F. A. Springer is princi- pal, and, as stated. teaches Latin. Miss Ellen Golden will give the instruction in the higher mathematics, Miss Hilda North in mechanical drawing, Mr. B. B. Thornton stenography, while Mrs. E. Baldwin will show the foiks how to get words and sentences and folios and dol- lars out of the ke: f a typewriter. WATER IS BLUE. The Presence of Mineral Salts Modifies Its Natural Hue. From Nature, What is the color of puro water? Almost any person who has no special knowledge of the subject will reply at once: “It has no color.” Yet everybody knows, either through hearsay or by the evidence of his own eyes, that the ocean is blue. Why the ocean looks blue is a question that few who have crossed it have ever sought to solve, and there are, probably, many travelers who, though they have seen most of the famous rivers and lakes in the world, have failed to notice the remarkable differences in color which their waters present. E the ocean is not uniform in color. In some places its waters are green or even yel- lowiwsh. Some lakes are distinctly blue; othe Present various shades of green, so that in vome cases they are hardly distinguishable from their level grass-covered banks; a few are almost black. The Lake of Geneva is azure hued. The Lake of Constance and the Lake of Lucerne are green, The color of the Mediter- an has been called indigo, The Lake of Brienz is greenish yellow and its neighbor, Lake Thun, is blue. ¥ has both green and blue lakes, of rivers differ yet more widely. The Rn is blue, and so is the Danube, while the Rhine is green, The St. Lawrence is blue. These various hues are not caused Ly mud or any opaque sediment, such ae that which makes th rng i coffee colored, but belong to the waters, like the golden color of tea, with- out greatly rer their transparency. The cause of the difference in the color of lakes and rivers has engaged the attention of many celebrated investigators of nature, such as Tyn Bunsen, Arago, Sainte-Claire, De- ville and others. Recently Prof. Spring of the University of Liege has carefully investigated the question of the color of waterand has reached some interesting conclusions, Accord- ing to him absolutely pure water, when seen in masses of sufficient thickness, is blue. and all the varieties of color exhibited in lakes and streams arise from the presence in the water of mineral salts of different degrees of solubility apd varying quantities. Water containing carbonate of lime in a state of almost complete solution remains if the solution is less complete the have a tinge of green, which will gr asthe point of precipitation is a; 4. Prof. concludes that, if lime u added to blue water in which so much carbonate of lime is already dissolved that the point of saturation isa ed, the water will become green. In proof of this he cites the fact that the waters near the shores of the lakes and seas, where it comes in contact with Limestone, is generally of » tronger proache: a greener hue than elsewhere, ———+ee_____—__ Confidence in His Own. ‘From Once s Week. was not until 1876 that the National Museum was recognized by Congress and provided for financially. y tion has always been that the people’ museum should be much more than a house full of specimens in glass caves. It should be « house full of ideas arranged with strict at- tention to system. The muscum of today is no longer @ chance assemblage of curiosities, but rather a series of objects selected with refer- ence to their value to investigators or their possibilities for public enlightenment, MODERN METHODS OF TEACHIYG. “Since the museums have come into the hands of educators and scientific men they have not made a practice of admitting objects to their collections which are simply curious and which do not teach alesson. Probably the first person in this country to appreciate the educational power of the museum was Prof. Wyman, found of the Peabody Museum or Archwology. When he began that collec- tion about forty years ago he announced that nothing should be admitted which had not an idea behind it, Since then the laboratory ‘@ grown up in schools and colleges, having been introduced originally by Agassiz, who was wont to take a student and put him into a room with a stuffed fish, saying: ‘Now, find out what you can about that fish!’ Itseemed rather a tough problem to the novice so introduced, but Agassiz would leave him alone with that fish for three months, perhaps. until he bad learned all about it that he could possibly acquire, as to its structure and otherwise. In this y the student placed the attitude of an in- stigator, and his faculties in the direction of original observation were cultivated. At all events this method of in- struction has found indorsement by modern herrea because it produces the most effective ts. ¢ is not generally realized that the objects exhibited in a museum like ours are but a few out of the number which we have in our pos- session. The collections of an institution like this are divided into two categories. One cate- gory includes the objects exhibited and the other the objects preserved for study. For ex- ample, we have, perhaps, 10,000 shelis on show for the public, while those we have stowed away for study are not less in number than | The educational function of an estab- lishment like this is two-fold, It communicates knowledge to the public at large by exhibits for the benefit of visitors, properly labeled. So far as this branch of its work is concerned it must be understood that it offers enlighten- ment not merely to visitors, but to the country and even to the world at large, THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN are sent to every part of the United States for the instraction of teachers, scientific and other- wise, who communicate the knowledge to those who learn from them. Also these publications go tocenters of learning in all other lands where knowledge is considered worth diffusing, and in this way distribute instruction to hu- manity at large. Most be Seapeen is the fact Museums as they e: today wherever civilization has made progress are all in com- munication with one anpther, and whatever in knowledge obtained by one is at the service of all, There is constant change among them, —_ city to city, from in specimens to other museums, while turn like courtesies, in order that each may have under his own personal observa‘ in the original, whatever he desires to derive knowledge from, “As I was saying, we have two distinct series of collections—those for exhibition and others for study. The casual visitor insti serv: Hi ik i [fie E f ie i ip fe firm that takes any contract usually goes around to the house and sees that the paper- ing has been done properly, and each man responsible for his own work. There was 8 fellow I knew who did half a dozen rooms so badly the other day that the inspector, after looking at it, made him scrape all the paper off and do the thing over at his own expense, not only for time, but for the paper, which he had to pay for. MANUFACTURING WALL PAPER, “The business of manufacturing wall is something immense. There are about twenty mills in Philadelphia devoted to it and quito a number in New York. Thuse are the two great producing centers, though there are several factories in Baltimore and a number more sc: tered elsewhere over the country. The manu- facturers have their designs made for them mostly by women, though not s few men pur- sue this occupation for livelihood. in New York there & big school where women are taught the art of designing wall papers as well as carpets, oilcloths and such things. At the establishment I speak of instruction is given in the methods for producing work im prac’ cable shape from the manufacturer's point of view. Toa certain extent it is mechanical in character, not merely as to the conventional- izing of natural objects.such as flowers or what not, but in relation to the set rules which gov- ern the adaptation of colors. Manufacturers are always eager to buy new patterns that a good, and they pay excellent prices for pleages them in this way. A design for a wall aper to cover the biggest room may not be ote, than « foot square, being simply ox- panded over any space by repetition, as you may see by examining the wan | of any apartment, but it may easily worth to the producer $25 or even more if it strikes the manufacturer favorably. that many of women graduated from the New York school and other workers in the same line in various parts of the country make very good incomes by this sort of labor, par- ticularly if they have talent, The designing of wall papers is an art, and, if you have ob- served, you will have noticed that wall papers have become very much more beautiful within the last few years. ay does this apply to the cheap papers, which, at 15 cents a roll or even less, are now produced really lovely patterns, Thus it comes about ‘THR TYPE. “Having got the designs, the manufacturer has his ‘type’ mado, The type is somewhatafter the manner of printers’ type, save that it is made of wood in roller form. To begin with, for cheaper papers, a roller that carries the pat- tern of the ‘ground’ receives the endless strip of white paper fed to it and putson the tint de- sired. “the strip thus tinted on to a second roller that applies another color, and so patil the paper comes out at the other end of ihe machine finished. In making fine grades Leah wean Geer manrd tint > Legh - once, the ing passed each time thro a diff cont machine for each successive effect As the cane comes from the machine it is run into a drying room and from thence it when dried, United States are at the threshold of a newera of physical development likely in its results to transcend anything that the world has yet seen. Everybody remembers the atiention Dr. Dio Lewis attracted when he first talked and wrote on the human body. Dr Winship was less well kuown, but his efforts were beneficial in draw- ing people's thoughts to the machines which rendered thought possibl ‘A. Sargent of Harvard, director-of the Hemenway gymna- sium; Prof. Hartwellof Johns Hopkins and Dr. Hitchcock of Amherst are today m hose teachings in athletics command as much re- spect as would their lectures on metaphysics or the etymology of Pi. ‘They all have their systems, each riding pets hapssome little hobby of his own, and these systems diverge in some important particular and converge on other generally recognized methods of gymnasium training. All over the country aro men of weight and standing in their communities who are beginning to talk and think about the national neglect of the body for the mind and soul. The cult of mus- cular Christianity is disseminated in the churches, and pious men like Dr. Rainsford not only go up to Canada in the salmon season and preach better sermons than anybody on the Restigouche, but they go out Mondays and kill bigger salmon as weil. THREE SYSTEMS COMPARED. The Checkley system is founded on this basis principle: Instead of drawing water, punching the bag or pulling agrowing machine for the purpose of making your muscles grow and your jungs expand, in effort of the will re- strict the contracti the muscles, If lifting 8 fifty-pound weight from the floor will cause a visible swelling of your biceps, and so exer- cise that muscle and produce what is conceded to be a desirable result, then by the Checkley system one may “‘go through the motions” of raising the weight without doing any work at all—for raising the weight would be ‘“work”— and, by an act of volition the same muscles and derit from the exercise, MULDOON WORKS HIS PUPILS, Muldoon believes in work for his pupils. He made Sullivan do the hardest work of his life when in training for the fight with Kilrain. He had Police Superintendent Murray—Muldoon was on the New York police force himself, by the way, in the Church street stati: hay and Pounding a block of wood with a big hammer before he had been at the Belfast farm forty-eight hours, | f rf tr >. rf i properly or forfeit all chance of ever becoming really strong; wish to give to do and be their must stand pro the body and ite muse best.” FIRST POSITION OF STOOPING, ‘What do the adherents of other man covered with display great imme- diate power, but not endurance, and think of the following: “A hard mnecies will ofte1 health he can have little chance. softness and high flexibilit mon great strength, but pony if we @ chance of after ae oe feed u is vitality ani ten healthy On the other hand. a man who keeps his muscular system in a etate of comparative ance are surprising. He is easily kept in ing.” IMPORTANCE OF RIGHT BREATHING. Checkley recommends that girls and boys should, as soon as possible and first of all, learn thoroughly how to breathe, stoop, stand, walk ly; the proper uses ot the ry proper! joints, as the cboulder, hip, neck, comp! ac. can not only sum- powers of jur- so unless I could tell with certainty just ho: the food would change in each in i y blem ap. Young children the same as boys and girlsas the first principles 309d now ‘idual I Their early ow sala called “Gen. Butler's house” near by, and st needs a ee & small effort of imagination to per- ceive that the New York post office, for exe ample, on the Capitol Hill would look ten times more ungainly than ever. Moreover, the critica who imagine that they are subi ton merit of the great artist who the itol, by ascribing its beauty to its posi- tion, forget that Dr. Walter's appreciation of ite advantages of position was pr. 28 i telligent as theirs; and that bis work, ine stead of being thrown together at random, and dropped by chance on the hill, was studied for the piace which it occupies, so that the sur- roundings must be considered a part of his de- sign, essential to the impression which be in- tended the whole to convey. At the other end of Pennsylvania avenue we find, in the Treasury, a building littie inferior to the Capitol in simplicity and beautiful pro- portion, and at least agg to anything else of the kind in the world. Somerset House, im London, with which the Treasury compares in size, is far inferior in design, being squat and broken; while the colonnade of the Louvre, although longer than the east side of the Treas- ury, and much higher, is hardiy more digni- fied, and not so well proportioned. The White House, next to the ‘reasury, agrees with it m scale and style, and isa building of which we bave at least no reason to feel ashamed; but here the architecture of the first reservation "das @ pendant to the Treasury. of the same size, and occupying a position exactly similar, on the other side of the White House, we find a huge, fussy, buiging carpen- ter's creation of little straddling porches, pa- vilions, dormers, domes, roofs, pedimen chimneys and trimmings of all shapes ani sizes. Buch a building would be offensive enough anywhere. but asa balance to the beau- tifal and quiet Treasury it is revolting. The building itself is evidence enough that its de- ner had no architectural feeling or training whatever; but it is amazing that so wanton an insult to the symmetry and stateliness of the front of the reservation should have been ear- ried out under the eyes of the principal off- of the government withont objection. Nothing is more characteristic of an arti-t of the highest talent than his respect for the work of other artists. Walter, in adding to the old Capitol the a wings which make it what it is, followed the lines and details o' original with the most scrupulous care. . There ts no sudden break to advertise the beginning of the work of the new architect, but the forma, sizes and heights of the windows, the fics and ornaments of the moldings and all the details of the colonnades and entabiature are carried around the wings just as if it had been h or be, instead of Walter, who was to have the credit of the work, the differ- ences in detail consisting in refinements which bably ie 28 made s group unrivaled in the away this splendid artistic oppor- the irreparable loss of the coua- thrusts upon us & costly com-oo- sheet iron and slate, ugly, incon- t and expensive to keep in repair, which, in his eyes, could iy have had other merit the fact that he invented it, Unfortunately the mischief is done now and cannot be undone, but it is not too late to stop the fdrther course of the stream of | Hi | g 2 § B i i i THE} i ul fs E HA f t : A pate i Fs Rees Ese htt pe 7. 1 aeelprare be enld: ‘the hair, ae business ‘o'er ComImg ORR _-cosenge Bovning Pot. pores bapa et you aes em bese ode lode y + i