Evening Star Newspaper, July 19, 1890, Page 11

_—_- THE HELPING HAND. How Uncle Sam Extends Succor to Shipwrecked Mariners. THE LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. Rew an Iwportant Gevernment Bu- rean Came into Existence—The Lite Guarés ana Their Stations—Patroll- ing the Coast, nnlipinnne HE SEA is always a treach- ‘erous element, and one of the gravest dangers to so- ciety. It makes civiliza- tion pay a heavy penalty to it for the benefits which it confers by its use; it an- nuaily levies upon the world a tribute of the high- est value, a sacrifice of thousands.of human hives, m return forthe occupation of its sur face by man in his commerce and his pleasure, Sodeiety is willing to pay such a tribute, for it has so far been agreat gainer by the contract in wealth, cultivation, space, intelligence and power. The sea is but taking what it has earned when it overturns some strong, stanch ship laden with buman- ity and drags the I down into its bosom to a deathly embrace, Bat there is a force at work trying to reduce this terrible power of the sea, trying to bind the hands of the monster and to render safer the navigation of its waters, so that the annual penalty need not be so large, whether it is due or not. This factor being wrought by man and aided by few of the natural elements, is of course a pigmy when compared with its antag- onist, Lut sts efficiency is inereasing every day, its roll of lives saved from death is annually growing larger, and each year it is gaining ground upon its foe, aided by the increasing imtelligence aud information of the maritime world at large. This power is the Life-Saving Service of the United States, an institution that has more than earned for itself 2 name, but has won for its founders and its officers a niche m the bis- tory of the world. This service is the out- growth of many volunteer efforts that for many Years before the war were all that stood be- tween the shipwrecked sailor and death in the breakers, a development to the highest pitch of value of the natnral gifts of brave, sturdy those hearts and souls are in their mis- 4 who risk their own lives in order that others may be saved. YEARS WITHOUT ORGANIZED EFFORT. For years the United States did nothing as a government toward the succoring of the men who followed the sea and whom the elements east in places of danger. = There was po system of warning signals; no honses of refuge wherein mariners shipwrecked on a desolate coast might find shelter and food; no crews of fi lesa fellows e plunge throngh the boii- ing surf to the reefs where ships lay at the mercy of the waves. There was nothing in the way of a helping scwxen 1. KIMPALL. hand extended from the shore to rescue sailors. In 1876 @ few benevolent — persons residing in the good ld state of Massachusetts organized a humane society, one of the objects of which was to give ‘The succor to shipwrecked people. Massachusetts was then, as no forbidding. with huge on which vessels went ashore in appalling numbers. The society erected a number of smali buts along this shore, aud in 1307 estab- lished at Cohasset ‘THE FIRST LIFE-BOAT STATION, manned by a volunteer crew. With even this small force a vast deal of good was done and many lives’ were saved from destruction, to snch an extent, indeed. that both the stat the general ,overnment gave pecuniary aid. ‘There was yet, however, no movement toward a central organization’ with efficient means to carry on this humane work. In 1887 ordera were iasued by the Secretary of the Navy for some of the vessels of the service to eruise near the most dangerous consts for the purpose of aiding vessels in distress. Ten years later the sum of $5,000 was appropriated for the erection of light houses on the Atlantic coast provided with facilities for saving life. ‘This money lay untouched for two years and then was turned over to the Massachusetts Society for use on Cape Cod. coast of A LIPE-SAVING STATION, ‘The life-saving service was renlly born in the summer of 1843, when Congressman Wm. A. Newell of New Jersey, after several frightful disasters had occurred on the coast, persuaded Congress to appropriate $10,000 for providing surf bo: i other appitances for the onthe andy Hook and Little s of this money and ih » next Congress Island. manned by volunteers. ey ed =the «records of the old Humane ety’s life savers, | Zemonsirated im a very few years “h an expenditare was a most profitable one. T stations and appliances, increased yearly, and in 1834—immediately after a shocking disaste on the Jersey shore by which 300 lives were lost—a law was passed pro: ng for the em- plorment of a local superintendent and a keeper for each station, and placing the prop- erty in charge of a bonded custodian. the service was still wofully weak, and sters continued to occur yearly, monthly, throughout the season of ouble lay in ft! oman the life b weekly almost, storms. The of a well-equipped station and the keeper be in atter ignorance of the fact until it was too late to render aid. Asin many other branches of Jed several severe lessons to wake up and particularly the legislators of the conntry, toa realiziz sonse of what @: needed and then to induce them to provide the jacking means. AFTER THE WAR For several years after the war the country as too busily occupied with political trouble to worry about the fate of the few hundred poor mortals who were annually devoured by the sea and the service remained in a stationary siage, or rather retrogressive, for the old ap~ paratus was we outand being stolen and hew appliances were pot being pr the year JST). en it was first made into « syatew ind controled by one directing head? Jhis was =the work or sione, = Sumner =f. —_Kimbail, for nearly tweaty years has labored diligently for the good of the f has been spent. He was made ¢ revenue marie bureau of the ‘Treasury in that year, the life-saving service being then an | unimportant, undeveloped. ineffective branch | ‘The stations were in a state of | of that bureaa. disrepair. most of the apparatus was lost or useless, the crews were irresponsible and in miserable state of discipline, oud to right this condition of affairs was a most herculean iask. But with a clearness of sight and wonderful accuracy of Kimball went to work. With the aid of 4. John Faunce of the revenue service he madea thoroagh it tion of the sta- tions. He found a mountain of trouble. The xppropriations were small and their use re- stricted, but every dollar was made to go to its atmost mit. first thing to be done was to induce Congress to give more funds, but ts could not be accomplished until several = bad occurred blag the legislators: t they were wasting human hives by their false pines tie rected on the coasts | xppropriations, and with them the | ided until | one maa! who | otk upon which his life | tet of the | judgment LIFE SAVERS AT WORK. Mr. Kimball early conceived the plan of lin- ing the dangerous coasts of the country with achain of well-organized stations, each complete and all co-operative. To this end he first prepared a code of regulations for the guidance and discipline of the remnants of the service. Lazy andinefficient men were dismissed, keepers who had outgrown their efficiency were gently replaced by younger and stronger men, and slowly the almost perished body was warmed into life and infused with health, As a result a single record should be given. During the first year in which the new system was operated on the New York and New Jersey coasts every person imperiled by shipwreck was saved, In 1873 Congress ordered a survey of the ocean, gulf and lake coasts by a commission consisting of Mr. Kimball, Capts. Faunce and Merryman of the revenue service. Their report gave a de- tailed account of the marine disasters within the jurisdiction of the United States for the preceding decade, and an appalling list it was. Based on this report Mr. Kimball submitted a bill for the enlargement of the service and the award of life-saving medals, which was passed in June, 1874. THE SYSTEM ESTABLISHED. This, then, was the crowning of the labor, and for several years the work of building new stations and strengthening the forces of the system went along well, But the appropria- tions were yet small, and owing to the fact that the stations could not be opened until Decem- ber several terrible disasters were recorded, notably the wreck of the Huron off Nagg's Head, on November 24, 1877, and then a little more than two months later the Metropolis ent to pieces and eighty-five lives were lost, imply because the stations were so far apart. This had the usual effect. Congress sud- awoke to the proper sense the needs of the service, and in June, 1878, a bill became a law estab- lishing the service on its own basis, This bill, it should be noted, was the work of the late 8. 8. Cox of New York and Chas. B. Roberts of Maryland. Under the provisions of this act Mr. Kimball was immediately nominated for the position of general superintendent, and he was confirmed without even the formahty of a reference to a committee. Such has been the history of the life-saving service, an institution that has achieved such excellence and risen to such a degree of efti- ciency, as to receive, in the opinion of the del- egates to the international marine conference that met in this city last fall, the first rank amoug sim: rvices anywhere in the world. GUARDING TEN THOUSAND MILES OF Coast. In ali but a very few instances there are no volunteers in the present service. All are an- der salary, and to this is due,as much as to any other cause, the great sucesss which has attended its work, The sea and lake coasts of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, have an extent of over 10,000 miles, guarded by 226 life-saving stations, of which 165 are on the shores of the Atlantic, 8 on the shores of the gulf of Mexico, as many on the Pacific coast, and the remainder,45,on the great lakes. There is another on the Ohio river at the falls of Lou- isville. The stations are all located with good judgment, at selected points where there is ‘danger to shipping, on some portions of the coast being separated by long intervals, while in other places they form chains of continuous posts within communicating distance of each other. For it nce, there are but 16 stations in the 415 miles from the eastern end of Maine to the beginning of Cape Cod, while on that treacherous arm of sand, extending out like the finger of asiren to hook mariners to de- struction, there are ten stations in the less than eighty miles of shore. Then trom the elbow of the cape to Montauk Point, a distance of 110 miles, there are but nine stations, Along the 120 miles of shore along the southern edge of Long Island there are 39 stations and on the 130 miles of dangerous Jersey shore there are forty. In the 116 miles from Henlopen to Cape Charles there are sixteen stations, and from Cape Henry to Cape Hatte- ras, 121 miles, there are twenty-three, Between Hatteras and Cape Fear, 175 miles, six sta- tions are located, and from Cape Fear to Florida there is but one, that being in the har- bor of Charleston. With the exception of a complete station at Jupiter Inlet the coast of Florida is unprovided with crews, their places being taken by ten hpuses of refuge, where shipwrecked sailors may find succor from the dangers of starvation and thirst, There are very few records of wrecks having occurred on the coast of the guif except on the Texan sands, and here are the only stations in this region, five in number. ‘The Pacitic coast is not considered a danger- ous one, as the shores are usually sheer bluffs, with the prevailing winds blowing along them rather thanagainst them. There are, however, | afew extremely dangerous points, mostly at the entrance of harbors, and these are guarded by eight stations. ‘The 80,000 square miles of water in the great | lakes have & shore line of nearly 2,500 miles | that is often strewn with some of the most | frightfal wrecks known to commerce. Naviga- | tion is open for only eight months in the year, | but the death records ot these great inland seas is something appalling and wonderful. | Eight additional stations have just been com- | pleted and there is provision for twenty more | to be built sooa. It is thought that when these | have been pat into operation this form of pro- | tection will have about reached the practical | limit of the present necessities of our com- | merce. | HOW THE STATIONS ARE ARRANGED. The stations are plain wooden structures, built in a very substantial manner, in order to withstand the violence of the storms that beat about them. It is a feature of their construction that they may be overturned by the wind without any great amount of dam- age, and there is one instance on record where a station was carried some distance inland by the rushing whirlwind and afterward set up and was as good as ever. In most cases their architecture 18 exceedingly simple, but at some | of the summer resorts, where their services are | not infrequently needed, they are given some | little extra touches, Their roofs are all painted | & peculiar shade of red, in order that mariners may distinguish them ‘from the sea, They serve not only as the store houses for the boats | and other apparatus needed in their work, but also as barracks for the crews, who make them their constant homes during the active season. In the majority of the stations the first floor is divided into four rooms, one for the boats, one for the general stores, one for the messes of | the crews and the other for the keeper. The mess room is also used as a sitting room by the | men, who sleep upstairs, where there are two rooms, one devoted to this purpose and the | other furnished with extra cots for rescued people. In some of the larger stations there are two other rooms, spare room and a kitchen. On the roof is a square tower or look- | out, in ghich a watch is kept each day from | dawn to dark for the first signs of storms and for the least indications of a wreck. A sixty- foot flagstaff is planted at each station for the display of signals used in the inte: code, THE BREECHES BUOY. There are several ways in which succor is given to a shipwreck, depending altogether upon the nature of the coast, the condition of =the elements and the to be number of people weg ~ Fesoued. In cases ‘ape |, — a from aboard a stranded ship, and, although it can carry but one person ata time, ites nandi- ness and convenience render it of great value, and so it is often used, When it is discovered that the ship cannot readily be reached and means than the boats most be lend a light Tee that une ils easily from a box, in which it has been regularly “faked” —that inlaid in order around pins that are afterward THE LYLE GUN. taken out. There are three sizes of these lines, being four, seven and nine thirty-seconds of an inch in thickness, ‘This line is then hauled aboard the ship by her crew drawing after it a heavier line witha whip block, or, touse # landsman’s phrase, a pulley, that is to be attached to the mast. o. the vessel so that the line of the buoy or car can run through it in its travels, A tally board ey in French and English is fastened close the whip block, bearing instructions for the disposition of the line and the methods to be pursued ii ——s the buoy. Thisis in many instances a cause of great and dan, delay, assometimes the crew do not know what to do and are quite as helpless as before, this be- ing often the case with vessels bearing German or Scandinavian crews, who can read neither English nor French, HAULING THE LINE. As soon as the whip block is fastened those on shore begin to haul away on the free line, which draws the buoy to the ship. The device for this work is exceedingly simple and effect- ive. A few feet from the water's edge a tripod is erected, light but strong, over which ie lines ft aring into the ground eig! or ten feet ferther back. The end is fastened to a “sand anchor,” which is simply a couple of bits of wood or iron crossed at right angles, so as to offer resistance to the yielding sands. This is planted several feet, the operation being done while the shot is being fired and the line drawn out. A couple of blocks give a part of the crew # purchase on the holding rope, which serves to keep the whip line taut under the strain of aman’s weight, while the remainder of the brave fellows haul away on the line that draws nearer and nearer to land and safety one of the shipwrecked seamen, The buoy is nothing but a round arrangement large enough te admit the body of a man, which is turnished on the nether side with short breeches, into which he slipe his legs ashe dangles between the sky and the raging sea. THE LIFE CAR. Where there are many people aboard, and it looks as though the ship might not last long in the fierce waves, the lite car is used. The ordinary pattern is that of the car designed by Joseph Francis, who recently received at the hands of the President a magnificent gold medal for the services which he rendered to humanity by the device of thiscar. It is almost air aad water tight, and is usually drawn through the water, the stay line on which it slides being kept taut as possible by the same means as those adopted when the buoy is used. ‘The car will holdsix or seven persons, although more have been crowded into it at times. THE HAND CAR, The apparatus for firing the lines and bring- ing the mariners ashore is carried to the scene of operations on small, light hand cars, pro- vided with broad tires for running in the soft sands of the beaches, with everything arranged a the most compact manner. Theaccompany- ing illustration shows one of these cara rei for use with everything packed in its place. The buoy may be seen between the two parts of the vehicle, and behind it, wrapped ona reel, is the whip line. The gun is carried be- neath the box that surmounts the rear carriage, and is out of sight in this drawing. The box contains the light line carried by the projec- tile. The rear car is detachable, and is as a carriage for the gun when it is fired, -ADY TO FIRE. This cut shows the car detached andall ready for the word “fire.” The faking pins have been taken from the box of line, which is shown between the wheels with the line ar- ranged in it, The end of the projectile, it will be seen, protrudes a little from the muzzle of the gun. ‘This order that the line which is fastened to it may not be burned off by the flame of the shot. The range of the gun is ob- tained here, justas in any other gun, by rais- ing or depressing the trainer that forms the connecting bar of the two cars when not in use, With line number four, the lightest in use, @ range of 695 yards has been attained, This line, though, is too light to be used ex- cept when the vessel is out of reach by any of the other lines, an intermediate line being used to draw the whip line aboard with. This gun was the device of Capt. D. A. Lyle of the ordnance corps of the army. It is used in all the stations, There is another gun, in use at some points, invented by E. 8. Hunt of Massa- chusctts, which is similar to the Lyle gun ex- cept in the projectile, which carries the line inside of it, paying it out as it flies. There is also a rocket used for this same purpsse, the invention of Patrick Cunningham of the Old Bay State, which has the same principle of paying out the line as the Hunt gun. Neither are used as extensively as the Lyle gun, which is thought to be the best yet devised. When it is found to be impossible to get to the ship with either the buoy or the car, or when it is discovered that time will not it this slow means of rescue. a boat is sent out to the vessel to bring the people to the shore. Along the sea coasts the shores are so flat and sandy that the use of all but the lightest boats is precluded, and so there has been adopted for this service a strong, enduring, easily managed and capacious ‘‘surf boat,” which is similar in construction to those used by the majority of the fishermen along the coasts, It is 25 to 27 feet long, 7 feet beam and 2%¢ feet in depth, propelled by six oars, and carry, besides their crews, from ten to fifteen people. They are flat bottomed and draw about 7 inches of water, weighing from 700 to 1,000 (sper A good idea of this class of boat may be had from the illustration of a typical station above, the boat being in front of the house. This craft is launched through the surf without ways and requires a great amount of skili in handling. It is steered by a single oar in the hands of the keeper of the station, who is always the cox- swain on such occasions, and who is re- sponsible for all that is done. THE LIFE BOAT. ‘There is also in use another boat kuown as the “life boat,” althongh the surf boat ie quite &s much entitled to this distinction. The “life Pe nt eS nt Ride atch [ dl eke F i i Fg Ha at sce H i | Ey He Se i fe fi | f il I I Ht FE t i i i i a . e * THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.¢.. SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1890-SIXTEEN PAGES. easily managed ss the Ute car fot, which auawere ber hela instantly, LAUNCHED FROM THE WAGON. Each crew is selected with the greatest care, skill im the surf end experience with the sea being the main requisites, besides perfect health and strong frames, The men are fishermen well known in their met ered and are selected es of the station under certain regulations. Surfmen are paid 50 8 month during the active season, and are fr their shelter and fuel free. They must uy their own uniforms. The keeper receives from $700 to $800 a year, and are nearly per- manent in their tenures during good behavior. Aconstant patrol of the coast is kept up at night, the time being divided into watches of about four hours each. Two surfmen are de- tailed for each watch, one going in each direo- tion along the coast until he meets the patrol- man from the next station, if it is near enough for the joining of the beats. These then exchange metal checks that are returned to the keepers to show that the beats have been completely covered. In case the stations are too far apart for this meeting, » post is planted at the end of the beat, on which @ ber is hung. This key opens a small clock whie! the patrolman carries and this registers the time of bis arrival at the post. By this means & perfect system is maintained, ‘THE BALANCE SHEET. Last year the service cost a little short of & million dollars—@965,907.18 to be accurate. Of this all but $163,454.03 was expended in salaries, $712,567.95 being paid to the keepers and surf men alone. There were 878 disasters to documented vessels within the scope of the service, 3,106 persons being in er. this number 38 were lost. Property was involved tothe amount of 86,348,880, of which 4,995,180, or nearly five times the cost of the service, was saved, There were 63 vessels totally lost There were 150 casualties to smaller craft, on which there were 320 ons, of which 4 were lost. In these cases the property involved was valued at $72,895, of which $59,810 was saved. THE LOST AXD THE SAVED. Last year’s record in totals may be thus stated: Number of disasters, 528; value of prop- erty involved, $6,416,775; value of property saved, €5,054,440; value of property lost, @1,- 962,835; number of persons involved, 8,426; number of persons lost, 42; number of vessels totally lost, 63. ‘The record for the entire period of the ex- istence of the service shows these facts: Num- ber of disasters, 4,924; value of veusels, $55,- 473,190; value of cargoes, $26,246,584; value of property involved, $81,719,774; value of prop- erty saved, €60,352,092; value of property lost, $21,367,682; number of persons involved, 42,- 864: number of lives lost, 505; number of per- gons succored, 7,903; number of days succor afforded, 20,837; cost of maintaining the serv- ice, $9,172,208, 86, Written for Tam Evexrxe Stan, America, NATIONAL SONG, 1 ‘The ocean to thy portals flow, America! And all, where breeze and billows go, ‘Thy beauty, peace, and grandeur know, ‘America! America! IL The cold North hills, the Tropics see, America! A people, valiant, wise, and free, ‘Who love to live or die for thee, America! America! mL Yet all may nota birthright clsim, Americal Far millions read thy starry name, ‘They seek thy joy, they share thy fame, America! America! Iv. °Tis brotherhood to touch thy shore, America! Where tyrannies oppress no more; Crowns, scepters fade thy glance before, Americal America! v. ‘Thy constellated State shall stand, ‘America! And from thy Heaven-appealing hand Shall Freedom's torch light every land, Americal America! —SraTox Doxoug, 1890. Washington City, D. —— THE PYGMY RACES. The Dwarfs of Mythology and Those Seen by Staniey. From the Gentleman's Magazine. Not the least interesting of the discoveries made by Mr. Stanley on his latest expedition is that of the Wambatti—the dwarf tribe living between the Upper Arubwimiand the Nepoko. It has long been a well-known fact that the Pygmies of Homer, Herodotus and Ktesias— those of whom Pliny speaks as ‘dwelling among the marshes where the Nile rises”—are some- thing more than mere mythical beings, and almost every exploration of any importance undertaken of late years has thrown fresh light on the existence of a primitive African race, of whom the Wambatti are in all probability one of many fragments, scattered through central and southern Africa. These tribes, usually designated dwarfs or pygmies, are numerous, bearing a marked re- semblance to each other and showing a marked difference from the people among whom they are scattered, Their surestand most perma- nent characteristic is their hair, which is woolly, but instead of being, as in the negro, evenly distributed over scalp, grows in small tufts, This appearance, according to Prof. Virchow, is not due to the fact that the hair grows on some spots and noton others but to a peculiarity in the texture of the bair itself, which causes it to roll naturally into closely curled spiral locks, leaving the inter- vening pieces of scalp bare. The name of dwarfs, applied by some to these people, has been objected to as implying deformity or arrested growth, and therefore conveying ® wrong impression. Nothing of the kind can be said of the African Pygmies, who, though of short stature, are people of perfectly normal formation, the section of the Pygmy race with which Europeans have come most in contact is the Hottentots and Bushmen. The former call them- selves “Khoi-Khoi,” Hottentots being merely a nickname given by the early Dutch settlers,who declared that the natives spoke an unintelligible language, consisting only of sounds like hot and tot. That keen observer, Moffat, as jong © ag the first decade of this century, not the distinet and a characteristics of the Hottentots and recognised their racial identity my: invested them) not so very different, after all, from other human beings, but still sufficiently i No well-authenticated adult seems i ip el tide ie ih itl : i i p | | 5 i ONE OF JOHN WN'S SPEARS, ARelic Preserved by One Who Helped Capture the Abotftionist. R.A. R ALLEN, residing ot 128 Kew Jersey avenue, has in his possession an teresting relic of the raid of John ‘Brown at Harper's Ferry in 1859, This is one of the spears used by Brown and his men when they attempted the liberation of the slaves in that vicinity. The spear head is ofiron, about cight inches in length, and is like a two-edged knife blade on = substantial socket, into which the staff—a piece of hickory six feet long—is fastened. Mr. Allen secured this relic, as well as a rifle, when,after Brown's capture, he andsome others were pressed into service and placed on duty at the engine honse iat ei the old abolitionist and those captured with him. ne up the canal, At the time of their dopectare there had been no tidmgs received here of Brown's intentions, — it was possible sion that the runaways might be headed off b; taking the gailroad and took the train. ‘‘ went up by way of the Relay House and the main line, " guid Mr. Allen, “entirely oblivious of what was going on at the ferry. ‘THE TRAIN STOPPED. “When we came epposite the ferry on the Maryland side the train was stopped. Then ‘we learned by rumor of the fighting at the ferry. We could hear all kinds of rumors and the train from the west we had not heard from. the Ly Alexandria and Washington railroad. ‘There were only twenty-five or thirty of us on the train and we remained night. We heard di on this side all “In the morning the marines arrived from the berracks in this city and they at once pro- ceeded to put down theinsurrection. A Capt. or Lieut. Russell, 1 believe, was in command, and under his orders the marines at once marched to the engine house, where Brown and afew of his men were. As we afterward ascertained, the insurgents could have killed every one of the marines had they been so dis- posed, for they had arms and ammunition and in the walls of the engine house had been cut loopholes on every side. The marines, finding the door fastened, secured s ladder and used it as a ram, bursting in the door. “We, that is those of the passengers who had been pressed into service, having seen this from the bridge atonce rushed down. I re- member that when I first saw John Brown he was lying with his head resting on the back of an upturned chair. [ looked at him and at onve recognized him as man I had seen be- fore; in fact, I had seen him only » week or ten days previously in Squire Downs’ office. He had been wounded, I believe, in the shoulder, but if he suffered he did not show itin his countenance or by words. He was attired in what appeared to be country goods, and with his 1ong gray beara looked like a well-to-do care- for-nothing farmer. I was with him about three hours and a half, and heard enough to satisfy me that he was a badly disappointed man and a force of two to three hrndred men he bad expected from Pennsylvania had failed to ma- termlize, In the afternoon the bodies of those of Brown's men who had been killed were re- moved, and a party went up on the heights to search for arms, but was then unsuccessful, FINDING THE ARMS. “The next party that went out was rewarded by finding two boxes of rifles and spears with ammunition. I was on guard when Gov, Wise came up and had a talk with Brown and three or four other prisoners. The conversation be- tween Brown and the governor lasted about an hour andahalf. Of course, recognizing Wise as the governor of the state, I stood off some distance and did not listen to what was said. Brown I understood to tell the governor feankly what was his intentions, keeping noth- ing back, and I believe he expressed bis dis- appointment that he had failed and that ex- pected friends did not appear. Toward the close of the interview Brown demanded good treatment while a prisoner and asked that his meais be sent him from the hotel. This the governor promised to attend to. Ashe left the engine house the governor remarked to me: ‘He is a most remarkable man,’ AS soon as some other troops arrived we were relieved and sent home.” — BOIL THE IMPURE AFew Suggestions to} Mothers on How to Keep Their Babies Well. Mothers in the populous tenement districts of a great town may do much toward keep- ing their babies well this summer if they fol- low the advice of Dr. Charles G. Currier, pub- lished in recent issues of the Medical Record and Medical Journal. Dr. Currier says that milk “containing, as it does, the elements of a complete nutrition, affords a favorable me- dium for the multiplication of numerous kinds of bacteria. Scarlet fever and other diseases of which the causes are not yet precisely known have been conclusively. shown to be spread by contaminated milk.” The doctor says that the average milk sold in this city contains many thousands of bacteria in each teaspoonful, and that in the same quantity of the worst milk there are a million. ‘The only sure way to kill these disease-producing bac- teria, the doctor says, is to the them, “Cold,” the doctor adm: oatly the increase of such orgunisms as may five found their way into milk but the germs of disease can for s long time retain their vitality in milk, even if it be kept as cold as ice.” Boiling or steaming milk sterilizes it, In order to find out bow much steaming or boil- ing the average city milk required to com- pletely sterilize it the doctor spent fifteen months experimenting in laboratories here and in Berlin. “J¢ is uncommonly good city milk,” the doc- tor remarks, ‘‘which becomes completely sterilized in from half an hour to three-quar- vers of an hour. If impure milk after being steamed for from half an hour to an hour is not wholly sterilized, and a few spores remain ative in it, it will be much more wholesome than before the steaming process, and one can feel confident that, as fur as the science of the day reveals, no living i present. Such milk will, in a cool place, kev; for days; but if it is desired to keep it indefi- nitely, that pur; can be insured in advance and accomplished with certainty only by steaming it for hours unicss the milk is of un- usual purity, most carefully obtained at the dairy, and put in the cleanest of containers.” | ‘To the multitude of folks who have to use for MILK. milk is poured from the large bottle into the nursing bottle is a minor one. It is when they o— aiicndae wpe) = are most to rehended, and not when they are soli- tary. "Eareful instructions should be given to the bottles clean. For soaking the rabber or four per cent solution of The doctor says babies thrive on i three Botte seid.” é g i pall i fete A 3 cf FF & E Gi i sit a 11 4& MANLY BANDIT. A Friend of Jesse James Tells of the From the Denver Republican, “Joase James, the Missouri bandit, possessed Many manly qualities,” feelingly exclaimed Uncle Dick Henderson at the Brunswick last evening. “I knew him well. He was turned into a Nemesis after the Pinkertons threw that the Pinkerton men. The killing of Jesse James by Bob Ford was the took of Liberty, Mo., ing ald man that had cold by an ungrateful son-in-law. I could name many other instances, “Little Jesse James, the son of the dead bandit, is making quite an income out of the sale of pebbies from his father's grave to tour- ists who gone homestead at Kear- ney, Mo. Jesse James isa » quiet little woman, who fully ora ane doco tion of her husband. Bhe that her hus- band never came home and was at all times kind and attentive. Yet he was a crim- imal in the eyes of the law and finally met an ignominious death by being shot in the back by the pos assassin of Gov. Crittenden. “T tell you I believe in superstitron,” con- cluded the speaker. “Charlie Ford kilied him- self. Bob Ford is now a tramp on the face of theearth. Hiv blood money is spent and he is despised even by criminals, Gov. Oritten- den is dead politically and only recently failed im business, Jesse James, the victim of their conspii , Sleeps peacefully in the little church yard at Kearney chi with more crimes than he ever commit His devoted widow is a living monument to hie devotion as a hus- band, even though all the world may despise his memory as a hunted bandit who met un- timely death from a man who accepted shelter aud food beneath his Pei ELOPED TWICE IN A WEEK. Fred Flagg, Aged Eighteen, Gets His Sixteen- Year-Old Bride at Last. Williamsville is » quiet little factory village ig the northern part of Windham county, Conn., that has been considerably stirred up the past week over @ sensational elopement. Frederick F.Fiagg. alad of eighteen, for about ® year past has been paying close attention to Miss Georgiana Lussier, a sixteen-year-vid fac- tory girl Georgiana was fond of fine feathers, and hinted to her swain that her previous beaux madeher many presents. Fred went to his father and eloquently pushed his claims for more cash, The father refused to increase the pin money of his son, whereupon that young man formed @ plan to run away from home. He talked with his sweetheart and she decided to go with him, and on Monday night Fred went to the Lussier homestead, where Georgt- ana, in the time-honored way, joined him with alittle bundle containing her treasures, and the pair started for Danielsonville, where they took @ train for Plainfield, At 8:30, justas the train left the it, the father and brother of the girl and the father of the youth arrived at Danielsonville and, find- ing their efforts to stop the train fruitless, they visited the office of Arthur G. Bill and he promptly wired to Plainfield for Sheriff Nathan- iel G. Thompson to stop the runaways. Just as young Frederick was purchasing tickets for Arctic, R.L, where the marriage was to take place, the sheriff arrested both of them and returned them to their people in Danielsonville. ‘The party visited Lawyer Bill's = “a after ae ute agree. at the pair might be married January 1, 1892, and they'all returned home. ‘The young lovers were not satisfied and de- cided to make another try at elopement. The arrangements were more perfectly made this time, and nothing seemed to be able to thwart their plans when the girl's brother found out the whole scheme, and it was frustrated. An- other consultation of the family was held Wednesday which resulted in a wedding Thars- day, @ license having | been properly granted, SUED BY A SOUBRETTE, A Merchant Asked to Pay $20,000 For Refusing to Marry an Actress. In the court of common pleas at Providence, RL, before Justice Wilbour and a jury Thurse- day began the trial of the case of Mra. Louisa Dolphin, an English widow and variety actress, against Herbert A. Sanborn, a well-known busi- ness man of the city, for $20,000 for breach of promise, The plaintiff, whose maiden name was Salt and who is twenty-seven years old, came to this country in 1880, remained in Prov- idence a year and then returned to England, where her husband died in 1881, Then she went to Providence, and with her sister Adasecured an engagement as a variety actress at the old Theater Comique, Both the young women were dashing soubrettes, and soon danced and sanged themselves into favor. Sanborn, who is a wholesale leather merchant, whose family are rich and leaders in social life, became infatuated with Louise and the two were fast friends. Mra, Dolphin claims that from 1886 until last summer or autumn Mr. Sanborn promised to marry her, but kept post- poning the time on the and of objections from his own people and because be wished her to have more education. She attended a convent school at Manchester, N.H., for a year prior to July, 1889, and Mr. Sanborn paid’ her expenses, The plaintiff avers that she had an opportunity to " one Dr. cnseasny gid did not on account of her engageme} marr; Sanborn, The defendant ‘sami . — for annem — ae and tuition at convent, but denie: ever promised to marry her. The case is still on. Women as Architects. From the Illustrated American. About the broadest, richest field for femi- nine talent in this country is offered in the architect's the sex. In facility and skill im the use of their rivals of ¥ of proper direction they fritter away their abil- ities decorating china teacups, with a lot of other trumpery, while the ine artist sets himself to making his art pay. Taken for neither bas a suffi- a or worthy different. THIS VENING. ws & CO., Auctionrera IMMENSE SALE OF DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, HOSTERT, MILLINERY AND GENTS" FURNISHING GOODS, COMPRISING AN ELEGANT AND DESIRABLE LINE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. also FIVE S:FOOT SHOW CASES AND TWO UPRIGHT BHOW CASES, SOLD WITHOUT RESERVE aT 1231 E STREET NORTHWEST, FRIDAY, JULY EIGHTEENTH, MORNINGS, TEN O'OLOCK; EVENINGS, BALFY PAST SEVEN. SALE TO CONTINUE UNTIL ALL I8 SOLD. 3y17-38 QT. CLAIn FROHNER AUCTIONEER 11 PENN: Sen, Mater jMetrorclitan’ Hotel. elig DA lot Pawnbrokers 0; * silt sot Baver Wathen Oretie Da = FUTURE DAYs. TP REASWEY, DEPARTMENT, JULY 34, gR80 — ‘There’ will be at public suction ‘K AM. FRIDAY, AUGURT oun the ir) premises, @ coliecs Ceabie rly bei nt this Cee misting of Purniture Gervetm ‘i RE Sa wugchaxere (sicned: wat Wie DCANSON BOS, Auctioneers, itire gtock of Bo Show O00 Teh etivet niust be ecld without neste, Sock to-our new ee Ten Aton com our ne See a Amecioe cate mences MONDAY MOKNING at TEN (CLOC ‘Will contmue st the a boar each de: cu = KG 06 7th st mw, Auctioneers, nay ivenie svente Rw, TWO-STORY FRAME HOUSE No, 2206 M STREER gt a A ot RRATurre pane Tt & AFTERNOON, JULY TWENTY. O'CLOCK, we will offer for sale ta the prem: AKT OF ORIGINAL LOT t Wenn a 20 fect ou Hsirect by «depth of G7. Ime proved by & Two-story Preme Dwelling, No 220U Sigeet nortawest 7 —— Terms: cash, balance in one Senb,er the orton of the purchaser depos ¥ ° tir hase. 2 pon accertance of tid. Ht the terme of eels —¥ complied with iu 1} days from day of ssle right ‘re served to resell the property at the risk end cost the defaulting purchaser alter five days advertisement ae ry my some Dews: a & -y yy ti 4 oD, comveyanc: the cont purchaser. MARC Daku sco, 3y17-dede A and two yearn 6 y sold, oF Rashingtoin, D.C wed seid premines tuate Sectaon al:ey "street northeast = a ‘erms of sale cash. A deposit of $50 required time of anle and teruis to be Somplied with inten aay ‘i FERDINAND SCHMIDT, Trustee, _sy12-8t ‘ Sul 7h et ow. ATCLIFFE, DAKBR & ©0., Ancts ¥lo Penns. ave now. stor VERY VALUABLE gN’ OVED PROPERTY IN Sas teh eacee ae AND Titik Y-TEIRD (MARKET) Sikes. ON THIRTY-FIFTH «FAYETTE) STREET BE- TWEEN B (FIFTH) AND 5 (SIXTH) STREETS. AT AUCTION. MONDAY AFTERNOON, “JULY TWEN’ A ‘wewill of- Sale in front o: the at HALF-PAST Five ‘of Lote 189 and 460, in square 85, feet on 3d «P) street. This erty wil Beall “ ny. j er i as plat how ‘Tbewe re uear the cectric ralinved avd within aay" se cese of the business portion of the city. Also, Lots 183, 185,387 and pert of 1 27, fronting 200 fest ou ‘btn GPayettey and Bab jand will be #old in teu lots. making them de- turabie"for Wubidirg mites ‘tusted in the best ‘option of the purchaser. wale If the Yorum of saleare bot comphed wits in Biteen days from Gay of sale richt is reserved to resell the st the risk and cost of the defau ting purchases Soe Niy'shCUND DAY OF JULY, 1800, title and interest of the parties to ra au itty and Hawkins’ iy cna Bist: scape ton Sahara ‘s i Baie wed ty a Bt Sere aa dale ee ton, trout ‘bet Frederic! od ‘streets this Jot in unimproved abd in 34.99 foot on Frede. <P) wteeet and th! f depth of 150 feet tinproved by & le te of lute 4 and tty aud Hawkins amended eddie. eee > and adjoining tLe last mentioued lot wud being part Jot 6 in Beatty aud Hawkins’ amended addi 2.08 fort on anid Frederick (S4ih) wtrest * of the 50 te On wei 18 fect by the same depth, wud one ( which haa frout ou 4th (Q) strect of 10 fowt Be Reh of U3 feet foam alley. om Jefe Will Also be suid a stable Jot in rear of above lots fronting 1 feet on 16-1. ies. 7 A plat of mai w of The wale will begin with, ‘sh pacpel aes scribed at 5:30 p.m. of the above day and will beeom- tiuaed thereafter in the order given ‘Terms of wale as prescribed of the purchase money in cash sud the balance im equa! instalments at ove and two youre with interest. A depost of $100 on wach lot will be required, abd e are Bot couplied with in 10 days the #Loperty will be resold at the risk and cost of the de- ultine purchaser. All couve: Ke. at cost of CARTER MARBURY? Triton BU 46 wt. HUGH T. TAGGART, Trostes, S240 N ot mw, _ty10-4k45 Ph RUSTEES' SALE OF IMPROVED AND UNIM- PROVED PROPERTY ON W STLLET BETW TENIH AND ELEVENTH STREETS NOLT! WEST, = No By virtue of s deed of trust Liber 260, folio 2B et seg, one of the land records of the District of Columbia, We will sell at pubite rt ‘OeLock front of the premmog on FRIDAY. JULY FIeTH, A.D. INO, AT HALE-PAST FIVE P.M, ie following described real eotate, situate ta the city of Washington, Discrs viumbia, to wit: Lote ©, D and Fin Jonn G@. Ada: ct Vinion of lote Nom, nineteen (1¥) and twenty (709, in suid. wubdi- vision of eq uare pumbered thrve hundred and one (331), a8 suid subdivision of said lots C, D ts duly recorded in the survey or's office of sald city, im Liber 0. H. B., folio 217, together with the improve- mente ‘Terms of sale: One-half cash, balance in one (1) Zeer, note to hear interest st tho rate of ait <G) per cen ra ; Sie Bekitinon Trae dyl@-dkds DUN 2 BROS, Auchoverrs. POTOMAC RIVER BOATS, gtamen AKRUWSMITH, FOR OA, KOCOM- 100, NOMINI AND CURRIOMAN, Stopping at ‘Colomal Beach ° From 7th st. wharf at 4:30 p.m. ou Mondays and Thuredays FOR COLONIAL BEACH AXD COLTONS ON SATURDAYS at 5:80 p.m, Home Sunday night, ws oe. RE Epon