Evening Star Newspaper, June 28, 1890, Page 7

owe te — * THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, a D. C.. SATURDAY, JUNE 28, 1890—-SIXTEEN PAGES. AMONG THE HOODLUM A Reading Room Planted in the Heart of Heli’s Bottom. HANGING OUT A LANTERN. ‘The Experiences of 2 Woman's Associ- to Spread Light in Dark Places—Holding Their Foot- ing Against Vice. ———.—— HE PEOPLE of this f r Vora from the beginning ; of time have been manu- facturing erroneous no- > menclature. Mention is made in the Scriptures of the street “which is called ‘Straight’” and which is in reality a6 thoroughly crooked as it well could be. “Broad- way” is not infrequently ® narrow thoroughfare; High street has been ‘under water more than once in several towns, and mauy a resident of the Navy Yard would De insulted up to a pugilistic point were it m- ated that he or she lived elsewhere than on The great ocean that forms the jary of this continent was de- nominated under a misapprehension, end some demented New Englander christened his beloved Goston “the Hub of the Universe” without having any apparent excuse for his etion. It was notso with the man who first Rpica to a portion of this city the title jell’s Bottom;” he made no blunder. GROCERY LOAFERS. The boundaries of Hell's Bottom are gradu- ally contracting and the tough element that for so long dominated a considerable portion of the northwestern section of the city is being dispersed, some of it scattering around the outskirts of town, some of it taking up temporary residence at the work house. the jail and the penitentiary. The condition of things out in Hell's Bottom has changed very materially during the past four or five years, but it is still a better field for missionary effort than the jungles of equatorial Africa. Two-thirds of the murders which blacken the criminal record of this city take Place within ite limits; vice in its most de- graded and repulsive form resides there; im- morality is supreme. Faithful work on the part of the police has removed many of the vicious and the immoral, but it has failed to improve the quality of those who have so far evaded the strong band of the law. Another force was necessary. The churches saw the situation, and at various times efforts to reform the home-made heathen were put into prac- tical operatioa im spite of the heathen's oppo- sition. A RELL's nortow “goret.” The latest of these efforts to redeem is of recent growth, but it promises to be a success It was brought about largely by the murder of Officer Crippen and by the death of the two colored men who were also concerned in that Startling tragedy. Mrs. Duffield, a well-to-do widow lady prominent church and temper- ance matters, came to the conclusion that something must be done by colored Christians to help the especially sinful of their race; something was necessary to remove the Stigma resting on the dark-skinned residents of the national capital. The result of a little thought, considerable consultation and much prayer was the organization. on Marc! 19 last of the National Christian Association. That a big name for a workers, but they were enthus lieved their society would grow; they were lay- ing a foundation as broad and deep as possible for other years than the present one. It was distinctly understood at the outset that the elevation of the Hell's Bottom colony was the primary work. But Heil’s Lotiom did not want to be elevated; it wanted to stay as near the basement as it could. It objected to any force that was simply moral and when the time came it displayed its feelings in a very annoying and discouraginy manner. THE READING ROOM OPENED. Simultaneous with the organization of the association was the opening of a free reading room for young colored men. This was estab- Kished in the front room of 1611 11th street northwest. immediately adjoining a place known as the ‘Forest City Hetel.” Up to that time there was no such thing asa reading room of any description in al! the region round- about, and for a while it looked as though the mew venture could not last long. A lantern was placed in front of the room and on the front glass was an in young men fo avail themsely ileges of the Beading room. ~" WHERE THEY READ, The first night the lantern was put out by a well-aimed brick. That blow cost the associa- tion $5, but the second Jantern was iu place and ready for business the next evening. So was the brick, and Inutern No. 2 was as shape- less as its predecessor. Four lanterns were rendered useless before the police succeeded in capturing some of the maliciously mischiev- ous. Judge Miller made it very interesting for the marauders and promised to be more severe if they troubled the reading room again. Then the gang of toughs, incited it is said by a dive keeper, started to be abusive, but refrained from actual vio- Jence. No one took any notice of the abuse, althongh some of it was irritating, and this meekness was, as it generally is, misconstrued, ‘The keeper of a neighboring resort made many threats personal to some of those who were be- coming regular attendants at the reading room. BEFORE JUDGE MILLER. Then the police took a hand once more, and when the man who made the threats faced Judge Miller he was compelled to pay a fine and to listen to an allopathic dose of severe bat wholesom: ice, in the course of which he was told that the reading room was going to be protected if it took the whole police force to do it and if it involved the arrest of every denizen of Hell's Bottom, This assurance was repeated by Ma. re and the combination of utterances put a stop to further overt acta But people can be annoying without acting | unlawfully, Under the pretense that some- | body in the house hada birthday there was {80 much moise in the adjoining saloon one evening that persons in the |:brary were unable to helr each other speak. Members of « dram corps assisted in swelling the noise by a toi- erably continuous thumping on the sheep skins. The reading room continued to prosper in spite of these interruptions, and it even kept open when it was discovered that some of the miscreants had been in the room and had scattered cayenne pepper all over the Looks, paners, tussitase cal’ Seer. Frequently Mrs. field's life was threatened, it is allegod, bi cause the reading room was injuring the busi- ness of neighboring saloous. AN EVICTION. Then the proprietor of the house in which the association was located was influenced to move his teuants, This was the most critical 2 A HELL'S BOTTOM HIGHWAY. Petiod in the early history of the enterprise. if the association had to forsake that partic’ lar vicinity it would be weakened in its us ile the matter was being discussed the solution came. Mrs, Chisell, who lived almost directly across the street ftom the saloon, at 1616 11th street. volunteered to open her doors and the association atonce rented her front room. THE PRESENT READING Room. The apartment is not extraordinarily large. It contains a long table, a number of chairs, a Piano and an organ. Current literature, books that are decidedly moral and religious, and other suitable publications are present, but hardly in sufficient quantity. Contributions have been and are being made by some of the best white aud colored citizens, and these peo- le have determined to stand by the movement. llumination is furnished by a large hang- ing lamp and by three or four others standing on the table. The nightly attendance has been from twelve to fifteen and the young men have all heretofore been non-churchi-goers. Many of them have not been inside the doors of a sa- loon since the reading room started. The young fellows are very grateful for the interest taken in them and the results of the work heine done at No. 1616. it is expected, will be beneficial in every way. . the police officers on duty in that vicinity have been of great service to the association, Officers Daley and Blaisdell are most active in protecting the Christian workers and their property, and those whom they watch over ure gratefui. The officers of the association are: Mrs. Duffield, president; Mrs. C. E. Grimke, treas- urer; Mrs, Rosetta E. Lawson, recording secre- tary; Miss E. A. Duffield, corresponding secre- tary. Mrs. Duffield has just sailed for Europe and during her absence Mrs. Belle Howard will act in her place. Mr. A. J. Howard is one of the most energetic workers in connection with the mission. The room is open each evening from 7 to 10 and on Sundays there is a prayer and praise meeting during the afternoon. INSIDE AND OUTSIDE. Inside there is cultivation of the mind of the higher and finer senses; outside a stalwart policeman swings his club to scare away the hoodiums that would, if they could, make such ignorance as theirs universal. That is Hell’s Bottom. —_>+__. Virginia Farmers and the Atkinson Bill. To the Editor of Tur. EVENING Stan: While the controversy over the, Atkinson bill is at its height and the question of whethez or not Congress shall increase the powers of the Pennsylvania raiiroad, it would be well to examine the record of that corporation for the past twenty years as applied to Alexaudria city and county. A simple recital of facts will show that thei course toward the people of that section has been one of wrong and out- rage that probably has not been equaled in this country, Some thirty vears ago there existed a splendid and spacious turnpike one hundred feet wide, which connected the two cities of Washingtou and Alexandria. {n 1859 a single- track railroad was built by the consent of the county on the extreme east side of this turn- pike. Peunsylvania Central, after the war, obtained possession of this one-horse rail- way and substituted therefor a double-track line, ruaning directly through the turnpike utterly ruining it for traveling purposes; in- deed in some places the causeways, particularly the roadway left to the public, was by actual meesurement only sixteen feet wide. It was as much as a man’s life was worth to drive a team along the narrow strip of road. for the rush and roar of the traiu would invariably cause a runaway and a smash up. Several’ persons were killed, many maimed and countless vehi- cles wrecked. The road was by the general ublic entirely abandoved aud to this day the Guth of Senus and vehicles traveling between the two cities are conveyed to and fro by the ferry boats. The question raturally arises, did this rich corporation reimburse the people of Alexan- dria city and county for the destruction of their only road to the national capital, aud pay damages for the landslides, horses killed and shattered vehicles, to say nothing of precions life? The answer is no, not one cent. it only this, but, with an audacity unmatched, this company after ruining the Alexandria and Washington turnpike actually established a toll gate and taxed every farmer brave cnough to travel along the remnant of a road or lane, which was ali that was leftof this once fine boulevard. Many of the countrymen, indig- nant at this crowning outrage, cut the gate down three times, until finally it was guarded by a section of railroad hands, and the traveler bad to show up. ‘he damage the farmers living in the vicinity of this railroad saffered was immense. Their land was marred and lessened by the cavings-in and chasms along the edges of the deep cuts. The company refused to fence in the road, and in consequence many valuable horses and cattle were run down and killed daily. The docket of the county court of Alexandria shows many suits again: road company and judgments rendered; but what avails an individual's fight against a rich, monied corporation? It was like a peasdnt de- fending bis home, armed with a flail against » mail-clad swashbuckler, with sword and battle ax. No citizen of the county ever received or recovered one dollar damages from this wealthy —— Atone time the indignation of the county men against the outrages perpetrated by this road grew so intense that many of the farmers formed an organization to assemble in the night time, and, with the aid of horses, exen, crowbar and hatumer, to tear up the whole track from the Long Bridge to Alexandria, and nothing but the fact that the company carried the United States mails \ silo the down- trodden people from taking this desperate measure. With what arrogance has this unscrupulous corporation treated the city of Alexandria, Soms time in the seventies this company ran ite tracks right through the center of the town and established its depot within the heart of the city. Many citizens who lived on the streets through which the cars run kicked against having their property depreciated by the constant running of the trains and de- manded compensation, Their natural and reasonable claims were treated with iguominy and their requests were not even considered, When the eity council took the matter up and decided to protect the city’s interest this cor- poration insolently let it be known that it would remove its tracks and transfer its depot to the suburbs of the town and make Alexan- dria but a way station. The council remaining firm the corporation kept its word. But neither county or town has ever received a penny for all the injury in person, property or material it has suffered and lost. Now comes this monopoly to ask further favors of the na- tional government after having robbed it of its fairest domain. Washington is like Sinbad the sailor, throttled by the old man of the sea, What picture of audacity! The public mall held, streets in South Washington destroyed, Property depreciated, streets made freight yards of, the air filled th blinding cinders and the rattling of the trains, banishing sleep from the weary inhabitants, and people torn, crushed and mutilated by the score. 4.H. a A Bit of the Middle Ages. From Notes and Queries. A curious survival from the Middle Ages was put into practice at Guernsey yesterday to stop the public auction of household goods, which was duapproved of by the eldest son of the family. The formula uttered by the son is as follows: “Haro! Haro! Haro! A l'aide, mon Prince! On me fait tort!" The sale ceased in- stantly and the matter will now come before ‘the royal courte in due course, | GOSSIP FROM ABROAD. Topics of the Times in the Leading Cities of Europe. JORN MILTON'S REMAINS—ROTAL EXPERTS—EM- PRESS ELIZABETH'S FADS—JULES sIMON—A CHI- €AGO GIRL IN PABIS—THE FRENCH CLERGY AS EPIOURES, [Oopyright.1 ‘Special Correspondence of THE } VeNING STAR. Loxvox, June 24, HALFONT ST. GILES, a little village in Buckinghamshire, England, contains the cottage in which John Milton lived and where he completed ‘“Para- dise Lost” and commenced “Para- dised Regained.” With a few trifling excep- tions the cottage is unchanged in appearance since the poet inhabited it, and for the purpose of preserving the old residence of the author ‘adise Lost” a subscription fund of £500 is being raised in the district, The queen has given £20 a8 an expression of her interest in the undertaking and it will soon be that Chal- font will have an attraction second only to that of Stratford-on-Avon. Chalfont St. Giles is one of the most quiet and restful villages in England, buried as it is in the midst of its sur- rounding hiils and shut out by natural barriers from the turmoil of a busy world. In a small and ancient cottage, facing a garden, across the venerable frout of which ran long beams of dark and solid oak, is a low-ceiled room in which tradition says Milton composed “Para- dise Regained.” ‘The spot is one to inspire in any bosom the noblest and highest ideals, MILTON'S REMAINS. Apropos 'of this subject, the publication the other day by a well-known antiquary of a pamphlet entitled “A Narrative of the Disin- terment of Milton's Coffin in the Parish Church of St. Giles, Cripplegate,” recalls an act of desecration committed exactly one hundred years ago, Owing to the many alterations which the interior of the church had undergone previous to 1790, the exact resting place of Mal- ton was not known, and in that year while workmen were engaged in making extensive re- pairs to the church they were instructed to search for the coffin. A coffin bearing no in- scription was found under the place where the clerk’y desk had been when the interment was made; the church records showed that this was the piace where the remains of Milton were laid. The leaden cofiin, inside of which was one of wood containing the sacred ashes, was carefully scraped and washed, but as nothing in the way of an identification of the contents was discovered, the oversecr of the work, not caring to disturb the inner coffin, refused to in- vestigate further, A DESECRATION. On the evening of the discovery a surgeon, @ pawnbroker and a coffin maker were con- versing on the topic of the “find.” An idea to gratify their curiosity took ——— of the party, and, repairing to the church, the coffin maker forced open both coffins and exposed the shrouded remains to sight. Then followed the ghastly desecration. ‘he publican pulled hard at the teeth, which resisted until, as he himself stated, he “picked up a stone and knocked them out.” Tho bones were further violated, being thrown around the church, and the contents of the coftin—the earthly remains of the immortal Milton—were scattered on the floor. On tho following day they were gath- ere hastily together, bundied inte the old cofin, which was repaired #0 far as it was pos- sibie, and restored to the tomb. It is probuble biped no trace of the remains is in existence today. ROYAL HOBBIES. It is not generaily known that the Duke of Edinburgh is an enthuslastic collector of post- age stamps. He himself acknowledges this weakness, which is innocent enough in all con- science! ‘All the members of the English royal family have hobbies, and very creditable ones at that. ‘There is no better judge of china and bronzes than the heir apparent; the Duke of Counaught is passionately fond of the war ame, upon which subject he is an authority; Empress Frederick and Princess Christian are so clever writers that they might get a good living by their pens had ‘they not been born to the purple; Princess Louise, Marchioncss of Lorne, is a talented painter and sculptor, and Princess Beatrice is one of our best amateur actresses. The Austrian imperial family also counts many amateur artists among its number. Both the emperor and the empresa are oxcellent musicians, and Archduchess Marie Valerie possesses a magnificent coutralto voice. While on the subject of the Austrian imperial family it may be of interest to state that Empress Eliza- beth has developed a kind of mania for build- ing very similar to that displayed during the last years of his life by her unfortunate cousin, King Louis of Bavaria. She has spent enor- mous surus on a villa which she has caused to be erected at Corfu. Another palace bas been erected at an expense of peveral millions of florins at Laciainz, near Vienna, and now she is having @ fairy-like palace built on the left shore of Lake Staruberg, not far from Castle Bere, where King Louis met with his tragic en A MAGNIFICENT PALACE. The walls of the new building are of pink granite; there are two stories. each with fif- teen double windows, and a broad terrace and porphyry colonnade form the upper part of the aation. The staircases are all of marble, as are also the halls and passages and a summer banqueting room, one side of which is open to tho air, the other side being composed of Florentine mosaics, In the courtyard there are large buildings for stables, couch houses and servants’ lodgings, Artists from Munich have taken possession of the house to paint the ceilings and dador. All is being done with as much celerity and breathless obedience to the command of the imperial lady as the archi- tecta of the east showed a sultan of Bagdad, when he bade a palace of alabaster and jade uprise from, the sand. The castle is surrounded by stately gardens, where thickets of oleanders, luxuriant with blossom, crimson, white or blush color, fill the air with faint, dreamy perfumes. Rose-garlanded colonnades surround the winter garden, A MARVELOUS CRYSTAL DOME so lightly built that it is hardly possible to see the iron frame work which holds the convex plates of crystal together. Palms fifty feet high and huge bushes of feathery mimosas and tangins grow there luxuriantly as in their native soil, and itis said that the empress means to use this immature Vale of Cashmere as her boudoir. She is at the present moment superinténding the workmen who are putting ‘the finish mg touches to this new and beautiful whim of hers, and availed herself of this as an excuse for her non-appearance at the court rocession which took place a few days ago at ienna on the feast of Corpus Christi. A ROYAL PROCESSION. The emperor andall the archdukes, of course, were present and drove ‘to the St. Stephen's Cathedral in coaches drawn by six white horses and escorted by the pagesof the palace in their scarlet seventeenth-century costumes. The guard of honor outside the cathedral was fur. nished by the Austrian Life Guards and by the Hungarian Guards on gray chargers, a splendid troop, who are generally only seen on’ horse- back on this one day of the year. They wear red and silver hussar uniforms, with leopard skins over their shoulders, yellow boote and busbies with white heron plumes. After a serv- ice of three-quarters of an hour's length in the grand old edral the procession i through th fern door and passed along the streets, which were thickly strewn with rushes and flowers and lined with soldiers. Deputations of parochial clergy-and monks carrying silken banners, choristers swinging golden censers and chanting canticles, knights of the various —- orders wearing their collars and stars, and flanked by mounted guards, walked in front. Then came the archbishop, and behind him the emperor and archdukes, bearing in their hands long, lighted wax candles, ‘They were followed by the cabinet ministers, the geuerals of the Vienna garrison, anda large throng of officers in glittering uniforms, The protession halted before high altars magnifi- cently decked with flowers. erected outside the different city churches, and st each of these prayers were intoned. ' For two hours the em. peror was marched thus in solemn procession through the streets, his bald head exposed to the g! of abiazing June sun, ORIGIN OF THE COCKADE, Of the numerous persons who insist that the eockade should form part of their men ser- vants’ outdoor livery.there are but few who are cognizant of ite origin and of the ques- tions of etiquette connected with its wear, The cockade seems to have been first adopted in 1875 by the English army as a distin, ing emblem at the battle of Sheriffmuir, where the Scots wore blue ribbon on their bonnets. in order to distinguish themselves from the rebels the English soldiers fastened to their hats a black rosette, which was immediately nick- named cockade by the Scots. Subsequently it was “for the pur of cocking” or fastening up the broad brim of the hats worn by military officers in the ear! cighteenth contary, = grad = fp sumed by all persons connected court, and by officers of both army and navy, In the + of the present century it was lik: on lextemnene Sect iow of the state li of servants of connect ae ted with the court, and as the liveries became more quiet, and the chapeau gave to the hat, the cockade was transferred to latter, An unwritten law, however, prevails with regard to those whose servants are entitied to wear a cockade, and the lord chamberlain can re- frse access to any pag _ ion in the case of persous who per-ist i decking out-theit peo- le with badges to which thes have we right, ‘the only persons who have authority to use it in Englind are commissioned officers of the army and navy, officers of the royal Louschold, government ofhcials above a certain rank, | prey councillors, lord lieutenants and deput ieutenauts of counties, These and no ote may use the privilege, ‘There are three forms | of cockades, First, the large, black, glazed rosette of the sizo of a very large dnhl where the petals are large. plain and pro- | nounced. ‘This is only used by royalty, privy councillors and the royai houseboid, ‘The two other cockades are smaller and of quite a dif- ferent make and are used by the civil and mil- itary and naval officers of government re- spectively, ‘A STORY OF ILL LUCK. Mr. Jules Simon, the famous French states- man, who has repeatedly held the office of Prime minister and who was recentiy extra- ordinary ambassador of the Freuch republic to Berlin, is popularly believed to be a “‘jettator or to possess the evileye. He is said to bea bird of ill omen wherever he appears. When he belonged to the “Internationale” some twenty years ago and held the No. 666, which isthe number of the Apocalyptic beast, his colleagues remarked this admission to their body foreshadowed a period of persecution, Some years later, as minister of public instruc- tion under M. Thiers, he is said to have been the cause of misfortune to the ministry, which resigned. Then, in 1876, the ‘coup d'etat” of the 16th of May took place, when Mr. Jules Simon was himself prime minister. It ie re- markable at any rate that every socicty to which he belongs and every newspaper in which he writes has come to grief sooner or later, He bas directed the policy of several Paris newspapers and their readers have gone over to opposition journals, It is a story of ill luck wherever Mr,’ Juies Simon is concerned. ‘The other day for the first time in his life he went to Berlin and almost immediately Bis- marck, who for thirty years had been the master of Germany, fell into disgrace in con- sequence of the “jettatura” of Mr. Jules Simon. AN AMERICAN PRESIDING LADY. The presence of Mr. Ribotat the French foreign office is the second time since the foundation of the third republic that an Ame: can lady has assumed the delicate social duties of mistress at the Quai d'Orsay palace. The wife of the new minister of foreign affairs is a native of Chicago and has all the grace, tact and good looks of the well-bred American Woman. During the exhibition of 1878, when Mr, William Waddington was minister of foreign affairs, it was also an American lady who did the honors at the numerous brilliant soirees given during the summer of that year. On one occasion, ata ball given to the late Duke d'Aosta, brother of the King of Italy, Mme. Waddington led the cotillion with an elegant young New Yorker, a prominent mem- ber of the select “Four Hundred.” “Here we have a new manifestation of the push of young America,” remarked a French diplomat on this occasion; “the Yankee — ladies are not only captivating our eligib young men, but are teaching us how to dane: Still another surprise of this sort—an American wom: ising to high political station in France—is in store for thiscountry. When Mr. Clemenceau becomes prime minister—and the event has been nearly realized more than once already—a Connecticut woman will, with the single exception of Mme, Carnot, be the highest official lady in the land. ‘Transatlantic pelles might take a hint from the matrimonial con- duct of Mmes. Ribot, Waddington and Clemen- ceau and instead of wedding impecunious “nobles,” cast in their lot with rising French | seer The social distinction is not less rilliant. And then these international unions, which have become u almost reproach to American womanhood, will prove a credit to two great nations, PRIESTLY EPICURES. It is a remarkable but perfectly true fact that the epicures of the entire world are almost altogether indebted to the French clergy for the numerous luxuries they so dearly love to enjoy. Two inn keepers established at Mont St. Michel are at daggers drawn to this day re- specting the right sort of omelette to be put before a hungry traveler who comes their way. One is Redel, who holds out for the old Gallic “omelette aux fines herbes,” while his worthy rival in culinary masterpieces asserts that the only omelette fit te be eaten is one made from a receipt tho secret of which bas been trane- mitted through ages by the antique religions order of the place. Stich rivalry isan honor to either party, for it is very difficult to decide which of them deserves to be crowned as victor, The monks and cures of France haye done as much for their country in the preparation of savory delicacies as the most renowned “chefs.” One of the largest oyster parks was started by Abbe Bonnetard, whose system of artificial cultivation is so successful that of the Great number of oysters distributed through- out France every year as much as one-quartet is produced by the abbe's oyster park. Canon Agen was the discoverer of the terrincs of Nerac. The rillettes of Tours are the work of a monk of Marmontiers, The renowned liqueurs, Chartreuse, Trappistine, Benedictine and others, betray their monastic origin in their names, and the strangest part of their prodnc- tion is that they should be the work of the most severe and ascetic of all religious bodies, Even the immortal glory of having discovered champagne is attributed toa monk, and to the foregoing may be added the innumerable deli- cacies in bonbons, confectionery and the like, which owe their origin entirely to nuns in the French convents, Louis H. Moors. ——— ae WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? Scientists Who Contend That There Is No Such Thing. From the Boston Herald. People who have an idea that electricity is an entity rather than a form of expression of energy will be interested in a statement in re- gard to it from a gentleman of such high acien- tific attainments as Prof. A. E. Dolbear of Tufts College. Prof. Dolbear says that in that inter- esting book on ‘Modern Views of Electricity,” by Prof. 0. J. Lodge, thore is made the sug- gestive statement that, after all the inquiries have been made as to what is electricity, the answer may have to be, there is no such such thing. The words “electric” and “electri- fication” may be retained, he says, but the word “electricity” may have to go, simply be- cause it does not stand for a reality, It may be difficult for one who looks at the phenomena, rather than to the relations in- volved in the phenomena, to imagine that elec- tricity is not some sort of an entity, and may be described, if one knew how, as one would describe any other something. It wonld cer- taimly be curious if it should turn out that the reason no answer has been forthcoming to the question, What is electricity? is that there is no suck thing and the question is an improper one; as if one shonld ask, What is odor, or brightness, or zero? Historically there are several parallel cases, ‘A bundred years or more ago heat phenomena were attributed to phlogiston or caloric—each supposed to be an sur of some The | latter term is still retained for convenience, but it has ceased to have any significance as a some- thing that gives origin to heat phenomena, When it was discovered that such phenomena were due to atomic and molecular vibrations, or what is now often called a‘ mode of motion,” both the above words ceased to have Cp Srp ing; in other words, there was no such thing as phiogiston or caloric, Again, light was once thought to be an en- tity; now we know that light is asensation, and properly does not exist independent of the eye. What was treated as light is now called radiant energy” or “ether waves” Though the term “light” is retained it has lost the sig- nificance it had when it was supposed to be » created something. The physiologists for a very long time ex- plained the phenomena exhibited by living things, both vegetablo and animal, as due to “vital force”—something sup) d to be ut- terly unlike and not necessari other forces in nature—a force that could control the others in a living organization. Now that has been altogether abandoned. No biologist of any repute now believes in ‘vital force,” and the question, What is life? which has bafiied every gt in ee attempt to Sesciseg it, now turns out to be an improper question, as it is reducible to complicated molecular no- tions and not to an entity. As magnetism is known to be due to the po- sition of molecules, as chemism may be ex- plained as to other pressure, it really seems as if all along the line of knowledge of Written for Tux Evasive Stan. . MIDSUMMER HINTS FOR HEALTH. Sanitary Precautions to be Taken at Summer Kesorts. WHAT I8 NEEDED BESIDES GOOD AIR TO BUILD UP ‘THE BODY—PASTUA AS A MEANS OF DRATI— SHUN THE DEADLY PIE—OCOOLING AND UEALTH- FUL DRINKS, EOPLE are leaving city homes for cooler resorts, and, the momentous questions of stitchery and dress being over, tarn what attention they have to Spare to the health of the bodies under their gowns, Families go away from town languid and thin, pale and blue lipped, to return pasty faced from the mountains and seaside, freckled and burnt, not with the clear tan like a bronze, which is beautiful in its way as the pink and white of an English girl, but that coarse, fiery hue like crisped flesh, which is too like erysipe- las to be desirable or becoming. What good most people get from the summer vacation is from air and change of scene. The food in general is most unfit for hot weather, the drainage is simply dreadfal and the water worse. If any one wants to get rid of an enemy without suspicion the best way would be to invite him to a summer sojourn at a boarding house and feed him assiduously on clam fritters and fried clams, hot breakfast cakes and underdone oatmeal for breakfast, fat mutton and string beans, spinach and early cabbage dripping with fat, and suet pud- dings in August and sure-to-kill’ pastry of the consistence of tripe. PASTRY AS A MEANS OF DEATH. Modern pastry was a vehicle of death un- known in the time of the Medici, or they would never have risked their throats by sending white arsenic in confectionery or putting chopped horsehair in an enemy's victuals, That compound of lard og oe and white flour which has just escaped baking in an un- derheat produces morbid effects in the system which exactly follow the symptoms of slow poi- son, Pastry is like religion, it must be the right sort or it is the worst diabolism. If tomb- stones told the truth they would say, “Died of green currant pie and boiled dinner in the midst of his usefulness,” or ‘She died, de- plored by her friends for a tart temper caused by too much fondness for strawberry short cake and Washington pie,” or “She was widely beloved among the King’s Daughters and active in the Society of Christian Endeavor, but she never attended toher health; her system was never cleansed from year’s end to year’s end; she lived on the worst food and the closest air she could get, affronted her body and its Maker in every way, and died sudden. of Bright's disease, just as life was wort living. May heaven have mercy on ber sinful soul.” in choosing a resort for summer one does not omit questions as to how far it is to church or station, whether 6 o'clock dinner is served or there are spring mattresses on each couch— matters of just interest and comfort. But add such pertinent inquiries as these: Do youserve oatmeal or cracked wheat for breakfast? Can Ihave brown bread and fruit three times a day? Have you a water filter in good condi- tion? How far is the well or the water supply from the cesspool and drains? And, last but not least, have you a well-ventilated earth closet? All boarding houses and summer re- sorts should be visited monthly by s sanitary inspector with power to enforce necessary im- provements for the health of inmates, PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS. My dear madam, you can’t depend on sun and air to undo all the injury to health by care- less diet and bad drainage. You may come back feeling fresher for a time, but the effect is short and the strength which should carry you through the fatigues and inferior condi- tions of city living three Vics! of the year you have been cheated of by the cook and ‘the pro- prietor together. Suppose you should for your own sake doa little evangelizing for health and take a dollar's worth of cracked wheat, for instance, into the country with you to be served at your own ta- ble. It is surprising in how many parts of the country this article is wholly unknown. The grocers do not keep it, the housekeepera do not kuow it when they get it or how to pre- pare it. They send for expensive health foods and fine preparations which are not nearly so good for sedentary folk as the coarse rolled wheat or the clean cracked wheat, which costs not over 3 or 4 cents a pound and is much easier to cook and more relishing than oat- meal. s En passant, madam, who value your figure, it is less fattening. For beverages, instead of the cheap soda water, with its corrosive ingredients and sirups made from spoiled fruit, insist on having pure lemonade or fruit juices. Good soda water, as offered by the best city druggists, or any man who understands his business, is nota bad thing for health or taste, although csution ought to be used not to pour down a large glass of iced drink when one is warm,after the almost invariable habit, The rule with everybody, men and women alike, seems to be to see how soon they can swallow the soda and depart, The result of turning a pint of cold, acid water into a heated stomach is to burden it with too much liquid. reduce the temperature with dangerous suddenness, and headache or cramps are in the direct line after this. DRINK YOUR SODA SLOWLY, Good soda should be sipped; quickly drink- ing off the effervescence, which is mere foam, an interval of a minute or two should be allowed before the last half of the glass is taken. Clerks should know this and give cus- tomers time, without warning by looks or actions that ‘they are expected to leave in the shortest possible order after bolting their soda and paying for it, A glass of soda so taken is a refreshing stimulus, better than food ina very hot noon, but tossed off as most people take it is a re for cramps and indigestion. If it is poor soda, tasting of metal with the sil- ver worn off, or standing in silver too long, flavored with ‘sirups made from oranges or lemons whose musty taste is plain to all refined palates, the less one takes the better for life and health, Girls who serve the cheap soda fountains at fancy stores well know this from experience, and the old hands rarely touch soda themselves. The girls behind the counters who depend on soda to keep up their strength through the close days injure their digestion by it, and perhaps owe more of their sudden indispositions to it than they imagine. By all means take a quarter pound of baking soda with your medicines and use for any acidity of the stomach one-fourth of a teaspoonful in half a glass of water; hot water if there is pain and uneasiness. Most summer troubles of health begin with fermentation, which is active in hot weather, and anti-acids are indis- pensable. USES OF BAKING SODA. Try powdered charcoal or magnesia, lime water or soda till you find which suits best, but have the latter ready, for a cup of hot soda water taken in time will often prevent the worst summer attacks of nausea and cramps, Tt may be your lot, as it has been mine more than once, to want soda for some victim in distress, only to find that neither house nor shop could produce a pinch of baking soda, obsolete since the advent of bakin, me Cte I will merely remind you, as readers need to be reminded each year, that a te al of powdered charcoal in water taken the first thing in the morning is a great purifier of the blood and prevents morbid choleraic condi- tions. Most people find themselves better in very warm weather for taking this dose after each meal. If plenty of fresh fruit and brown bread cannot be counted on a seidlitz powder every other morning, Carlsbad salts, water or vichy or some laxative known to suit the system should be taken also. It may be undesirable to de; cine, but in summer heats the all the functions is indispensable, WHITE GRAPE 3UICR, For those who are languid in mind and body nothing is better than the new California grape juice from white muscatel grapes, which is commonly sold for the first time this season. - It menace of seedaioye ht see hia pure juice of grapes unfermen: surprisingly in weather when the red gree = ferments rapidly without ice. It isa ighter tonic than the red juice and admirable for s summer beverage or medicine. It is 25 cents a pint at the and is the thing of the sort fit to Thave found many brands of grape juice. The trouble most of the unfermented juice it is too ich Concord nd on medi- eest action of Creosote water 1s very beneficial in ‘ie in- flammations and inligestions or in bowel dis- orders of old and young. Sumcer Dans. ——_— PICTURES ON GUM SENEGAL. Curiosities of the Queer Business of Marbling for Books. NE OF THE funniest things that any- body ever imagined in this world was the notion of marbling paper. That is! che name applied to the sort of red and | vari-colored ornamentation on the edges | of nicely bound books, and on their bindings, | too, sometimes. Every one has observed such | markings, but it is safe to say that not one per- son out of ten thousand has ever taken the trouble to speculate as to how the effect is pro- duced. There is nothing commonplace about the process. On the contrary, it is a marvel worthy of contemplation by the msthete and the sage. You can see the thing done any time you please at the Government Printing Oftice, if you care to ask the privilege. Thoro iss tree in Senegal, Africa,from which exudes & gum, just as any other sort of gum exudes from @ cherry or other kind of tree. The natives of Senegal collect the gum from | this peculiar tree and sell it to contractors, who send it all over the world im the shape of little hard lumps. It is commercially known as “gum senegal.” The most important use for it 1s this one of marbling paper. For this purpose solution is made of the gum in water. A tank, say four feet long and two feet wide, is filled with the solution, and then the operation is ready to be performed. At the Government Printing Office you can see itdone any day; the courteous attendant in charge will show you how he does it. To begin with, you will see nothing but « tank of afoot or so in depth, filled with a liquid not especially describable. On a shelf close by are halt a dozen paint pots filled with most brilliant water colors. The operator takes the blue brush and sprinkles the surface of the liquid in the tank with drops of that color. Then he seizes the brush from the ver- milion potand sprinkles a epatter of bright red also. Next he reaches for the green and distributes that. Finally a sprinkling of yel- low is employed, to wind up with. Now the expert takes a long stick armed with fine teeth like a comb and with it combs the surface of the liquid in the tank jast once from one end to the other. Then he gives it a single comb crosswise. The result of this most curious mingling of the blue, vermilion, green and yellow. Next, on the surface of the fluid he carefully lays a sheet of white paper and lifts it off again by one corner. Lo, the sheet has received a reproduction of the water- color pattern from the liquid, most elaborate and most beautiful. To reproduce it, even im- perfectly, by hand would take mouths of labor. Each color in the pattern 1s distinct and brill- iant as water colors can possibly be. This, however, is but a simple pattern. The expert takes a small comb with wire tecth and makes a wiggle-waggle over the surface of the mixture. He ys down another white sheet upon it and, behold, a lovely design resembling @ collection of conventionalized peacock's feathers appears, ther wiggle-waggle of the wire comb and a shect simiurly treated ex- hibits a series of gorgeous arabesques alto- gether beyond description 4s to their brilliance and intricacy, But this is uot all. The operator stirs up the liquid in the tank again, so that all the colors disappear. Then be chooses other paints, making green the pre- dominant one, and sprinkles them over the surface, Asa magician might exercise his wand overs reflecting pool, he disturbs the smooth solution with the wires, and weird and fantastic desigus spring into ‘view upon the white sheets that he floats for an instant and then lifts from the fluid. Giants, hobgoblins and monsters of all degrees pursue each other across the paper with ylaring eyes and con- torted attitudes, When you were a little boy or girl perhaps you bave rubbed with your slate pencil upon your school siate, and then with a moistened finger spread the whitey sub- stance over the wooden-bound stratum of plutonic minefal. You have wondered then to see what astonishing demons and creatures in- conceivable started out upon the slate, caught by the eye of your imagination. It is the same way with the work of the artist in marbling for books, though he does not dare to produce such fantastic things to please the popular taste. Only the commonplace sorts of mar- bling does one find on books and ouch thing whatever extraordinary the expert produces | izing squeak with which t THE WEEK IN NEW YORK. O44 Things and Gd Mappentngs in the Big City. DIFFERENT KINDS OF INK-SLINGERS—A NUTSANOR ON THE ELEVATED—BORING FOR FOUNDATIONS — 4 SHIT OWNER WITH A TROUBLESOME CARGO— GAMBLING ON ATLANTIC STHAMERS. Correspondence of Tar EVaxrve Stan. New York, June 26 A good many women will heave a sigh of re- lief when they hear that “Jack the Ink Slinger” is finally scfely locked up, with a prospect of @ §00d, long opportunity for reflection on his evil ways, What silly and stupid spite ever im- spired him to spend his time and take infinite trouble to spoil women’s gowns by throwing purple ink on them it is difficult to fancy. Certainly he could derive no benefit from the performance and he could not even bave the gratification of Witnessing his victims’ rage, ag the stains were generally discovered after they reached home. But whatever his reason was, he bas for months made 6th and 8th avenues in the vicinity of 53d street a dangerous resort for women with pretty gowns, His capture and imprisonment suggests to many the reflec- tion that if all the ink slingers who did bara were locked up the jails would be rather densell populated. it is not only the reporter wi says anything to make a good story, for be is often a convenicnt fiction, but the great army of writers of fiction that is sensational and Worse who might be benefited by a term of solitary confinement. It seems incredible that #0 many women should be willing to put their ames on the covers of many of the books that are exhibited for sale on the elevated railroa and other news stands, books that openly de- pend for their sale on suggestive titles and pic- tures and that appeal to all that is | inthe buyers, But it is true that a great many of the apostles of this doctrine of dey ravity are women, who seem to glory in venturing further inte the abyss of vulgarity than i.e coarsest men, SQUEAK, SQUEAK, SQUEAK. Every one who lives anywhere near the line of the elevated railroads must, especially with the open windows of summer time, suffer tortures from the prolonged. piercing, ago- rains invariably stop at the stations, it ix asound of a pect diarly penetrating and aggravating nature and can bo more be ignored than the persistent singing of a mosquito round your ears on a hot night. The Eccentric Club borne the snnoyance as long as they could, but finding their meetings, which were held in tt. vicinity of the Sth-street station, were more and more seriously disturbed by it, they have brought the matter to the attention of the board of aldermen, who have set to work to find out what power they have to compel the com ny » it Col, Haims, the superintendent, it is caused by the hard steel of the brakes and that softer metal is gradually being substi- tuted, but, like most of our reforms, it i indeed gradual, as the ear-piercing squeaks are apparently quite unabated. THE MARCH OF IMPROVEMENT. Even the squeak of the elevated trains is drowned out in many of the upper regions of | the city by the incessant vociferous noise of the steam drills, which, like so many gigan- tic mosquitoes, are industriously punctur ing the 10cks on hundreds of vacant lot. For the march of “improvement” goes briskly om this summer and many of the Juckless women who are obliged to stay in town look with dis- gust and disapproval at the immense ~xcava- tions in their neighborhood, which fi their houses with noise and dirt. As a rule the women’s husbands look at the mavter ‘rom an entirely diferent standpoint, pause with deep interest and approval as they go up a. d do’ town to gaze at the progress of the hu, and to exchange mutual congratulations upon the improvement to the neighborhood, the ad- vance in the price of property, &c, ‘Eycavat- ing for a foundation in upper New York is an enterprise not to be lightly entered upon, for the city is founded upon a rock, and the scene ona big corner jot during the busy bours of the day reminds one of nothing so mach as the pictures of mining fields or of Johnstown after the flood Amid clouds of steam, with ter- rific noise and untiring energy s half dozen steams drills are champing away at the deep hole in the rock, which will presently be exploded in a spouting geyser of dirt and stone. The —, of Italians with ewarthy faces, red flannel «hirte and every va- riety of odd caps, are, while the br seis surveying them, plying p.ck and shovel with firery and a tropical «alth of moversent, which keeps for himself, perhaps, to show what won- dechal conde thp cocilontal mingling of ran- dom tints on a solution of gum senegal will bring forth, aes Slower! Sweet June. Slower, sweet June, Each step more slow. Linger and liter a8 you go; Linger a little while to dream, ‘Or see yourselt in yonder stream, Fly not across tw Sweet June! Be Slower! Sweet June! Oh! Siower yet! It is so long since we have met, So long ere we shall meet again, Let the few days that still remain Be lonzer, longer, as they flow, Sweet June! Be slow, Slower, sweet June, And slower still, Let all your matchless beauty thrill My souil Stretch out this day so bright, Far, far along miisummer's height, Till sunset back to sunrise glow. Sweet June! se slow! Slower! Sweet June! Yes! Wait awhile. ‘The meadow stars look up and smile ‘That you are here; the grasses bend ‘Their ueads to greot their dearest frie And say, “She taught us how to grot Sweet June! Be slow. Slower! Sweet June! Your footsteps bear An echoing gladness everywhere. ‘The robin hears it in his nest And answers, “June, dear June, is best.” ‘The rippling brooks Your presence know, Sweet Juve! Be slow, Slower! Sweet June! ‘Turn on your track And send your fragrant blossoms back; Give me one violet more, I pray, One apple blossom, one lily spray. ‘Teach one more Tosebud how to blow, Sweet June! Be slow. Slower! Sweet June! stop to say good-bye, But toward the north or toward the south She turns; I seek her rosy mouth For one more kiss. 1 press the air And know, alas! she is not there, — New York Tribune, <i —_2eie = Explaining a Situation. ‘From the New York Sun. It was a railroad depot in iennesseee It was & warm, fair day, and the four or five of us who were going to tafe the train sat on a bench on the shady side of the building. Out on the platform was piled a lot of cotton, and to the left of us sat three men, in the center sat twoand three others were on our right. Just why those eight men should sit out there in the sun, each group talking by itself and | apparently oblivious of the presence of the | others, excited my curiosity, and by and =i as | a dra: backed up after a couple of barrels ofealt, I asked him $0 oxpisin. “I kin tell yo’, fur shore,” he promptly re- plied. “Dat crowd on de left isde Bakers—ole man an’ two boys, Dat crowd on deright isde tevenses—ole man an’ two boys. Dem air ms in de center is named Cook an’ Par- sons.” “But why do they sit there?” ee f dun has to, sab.” * what for?” “Why, yo’ see de Bakers and de Stevenses is inimies, sn’ dey shoot on sight. Bet yo’ life each yeh Rae on his hip!” “And the othe: “Dey is sort o' neutral. If a fuss begun dey might by de Bakers, or dey might go ober to de Stevenses. Nobody can’t tell. Ifdey dered be some mght smart fussin’ y quick, but dey hole ds balance of power, dey stay de “ ha ‘been here?” “diese dit mevada' sah, but I reckon dere's | fall ually subsides as his duties take him out of toeir range of vision, It is amusing to see the instantaneous promptnese with which the tools are dropped when the whistle blows for noon and to hear the uninterrupted flow of animeted conversation with its accompanying profuse sesticulation as the sons of sunny Italy squat in rows on the shady side of the street and cir- culate what eppears to be a common bucket of beer with as much relish as if they were just landed from Deutschland. When the beer has vanished the pipes appear and they all smoke and chat with as much vivacity and cheerful- noss as if they were assisting atan afternoon tea instead of momentarily expecting to resume their picks and shovels, A PRECARIOUS MONOPOLY. It was a very recently landed importation who asked her mistress on one of these hot afternoons what she should do with the ice cream that was left from dinner, adding stractively, ‘at won't k " One is remmded cident by erplexing quandary of neay Harris, who arrived at this port on the 12th of June with 450 tons of ice from Dresden, Me., consigned to T. H. Smith & Co, The consignee lined to receive such a daz- zling luxury as 450 tonsof ice, probably taking the ground chat they were not Monte Cristos, and since June 12 Capt. Harris’ expensive and perwhable corgo has been diminishing with more or less rapidity as the mereury was more or less agile in its acrobatic feats among the nineties. The Inckless captain has appealed to the courts for redress and to his appeal be adds a pathetic request that the la’ lays be ab- breviated, so that he may the cargo wh: any remains to be sold, jer to recover his dues for freight and rent of his vessel dar detention. No doubt he and the captains ‘the iraus-Atlantic steamers will agree that jee, whether in the form of the disappearing cargo or the superabundant berg, 1s an unhandy thing for those who go down to the seam ships. GAMBLING ON THE GREYHOUNDS. Gambling on the big Atlantic steamers has assumed @ more scandalous character than ever. On the Aurania, which came into port Monday, several passengers were victim- ized by a professional card sharper, who used amarked pack. One man lost £60, another £50,and another £6 before the cheat was discovered. The cards were identified and the ship rang with the scandal, but, althou; matter was taken to the captain, the pas- sengers got no satisfaction, Similar examples, perbaps not quite so flagrant, are covtinually coming to notice, and itis not unfair, therefore, to say that gambling practices and frauds of the gaming table flourish more aboard senger fleet on the Atlantic th: in the civilized wor! ” rin the pre authority of the captains is despot That the practices are not summarily stopped is, therefore, di- rectly the fault of the companies, und they must be responsible for the scandal. It is strange that some line does not make « bid for the patronage of the respectxble public by forbidding th:s outrageous custom, and seeing to it that their ships are uo longer floating gambling hells. ie @eway K. Exwuot. A Case of Somnolence. From the Medical Record. On March 3 last Iwas asked to see an old Indy in Minneapolis, eighty-two years of age, who had enjoyed good he: She was comfortable, lying in bod, pulse 90, tongue clean and temperature normal, The following day when I made my visit to her she was sleeping, and as tiis was quite late i day, and she had slept all the time other evidence save sleep. I saw ber day after day for three weeks, during which time she continued tosleep day and night, constantly, only when awakened to take some liquid nour- ishment, ana then she would. perhaps, tnewer question und fall into owed ant E i E E ¢ z | i i ii 4