Evening Star Newspaper, May 10, 1890, Page 9

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A POPULAR TRIBUNAL Where Judge Miller Daily Listes to Tales of Woe. —__ PRISONERS AND WITNESSES. How the Business of the Police Court 1s Conducted Scenes About the Build- ing—The Biack Ho! 4 the Dock— Lawyers and Clients, ———-__ SUALLY Monday is » busy day in the Polic Court and often Monday sessions do not close until 5 and 6 o'clock in the afternoon, The num- ber of prisoners brought in on Mondays is usually larger than other days on @ccount of there being no session of the court Sunday. The first sign of business about the eourt Monday morning is generally the appear- ance of persons who earn their living defend- ing prisoners who are only able to produce a flew dimes to pay counsel. Some of the “shys- ters” appear even before the janitor has had an apportunity to finish his sweeping and dust- fing. In warm weather they and the ‘“‘cappers” git about on the rail that protects the approach to the building like crows sitting on a country THE POLICE COURT BUILDING. fence. When the weather is cold they gather about the steve inside the building and wait until one of the officers appears at the door and announ the arrival of the ‘“Maria” with risoners, Then the lawyers and “cap- pers” make a rush for the door. It is contempt of court for any one to solicit business while the prisoners are marching across the pave- ent from the “Maria” to the court “pen. This “pen,” or as it is sometimes called, “the black hole,” is located in the basement of the building. There is no ventilation or little to add to the comfort of the miserable quarters rovided for the poor people who are unable produce a few dollars “collateral,” that would entitle them to their freedom pending the hearing of their cases. In hot weather. when these small dungeons are crowded with Prisoners, some of them almost smother to death. ‘There is one cell for males and another for females, but when the usual Mon crowd arrives the males ars in sufficient numbers to more than fill both the cella, and the females are seated on benches along the narrow corri- IN THE “PEX.” dor. The dock where the prisoners stand when arraigned is just at the head of a stairway | leading up from “the black hole.” It is a small space, just inside the court room, divided off from the rest of the room by a railing. There is a door that »pens and through which the prisoners come in turn as their cases are | called. s the door is opened severai faces of females can be seen, each trying to get alook into the ceurt room. Policeman Har- bin is in charge of the prisoners and has held the position for a number of years. He is familiar with the faces of most of those who they may get to their posts of duty without loalng the entire day. Deputy Clerk Harper has charge of the District side of the work in the clerk’s office, and the first thing he does in the morning is to sign the informations filed by Mr. Dumont after they have been formally sworn to by the officers, The informations are brovght in and placed upon the clerk's desk. The officers who are looking after the cases assemble in a group in front of the desk and all take hold of the Bible together. Then the oath is administered as follows: “You and each of you solemnly y swear that the facts set forth in these several informations are true, 80 help you God.” ‘The officers kiss the book and the cases are ready for trial. = © It is different with the United States cases. The prosecuting officer swears the witnesses and examines them in private before present- ing acase in court, Just in rear of the judge's bench are two small rooms. The one at the right is the judge's privato room, but the judge does not ese mueh privacy, for almost every minute in the day he ix sought after by rome one interested in getting a prisoner out of jail or the work house, or who has some sort of a pies to make in behalf of a prisoner. ISSUING WARRANTR. In the other room is the deputy clerk's head- quarters and inthis room the warrant clerk, Mr. N. C. Harpor, has adesk. The warrant clerk's position is an exceedingly trying one. The office is opened et 9 o'clock every morning. but an hour before th: there is usually @ crowd of persons knocking at the door to see the warrant clerk, and often those waiting for warrants keep the clerk busy for an hour. The warrant clerk has many amusing as well assad experiences in hearing the stories of those applying for legal papers to cause the ar- pear pn ibe quent tinhappiness of some other person, This Has tl fully understands use the court to pay off the or gratify their personal sp Often women are heard to remark at the of a row with neighbors, ‘Ise goin’ to de Police Cote, I is. The court cat also is # cot uous figure in the court,and imes “old Tommy” sits be- neath the judge's desk and watches the pro- ceedings as though it understands everything said, THE WITNESS ROOM, The witness rooms and door opening from the outside world into the court are guarded by Policeman Scott, who also sees to the pres- ervation of order in the corridor. The witness rooms are wholly inadequate to the accommo- dation of those who are required to attend court. These small rooms are overcrowded al- most every day. The witnesses, sometimes a the cases and quote the ions before Judge Miller has had an opportunity toeven get a look at the person accused. Among those who pay frequent visits to tho court are many colored and white women who, apparently, are never better pleased than when in court and swearing agains: an adversary. These people always put on their best clothes and arrange their toile: ina manner which would indici‘e that they were on the road toa “parlor socia’,” rath-r than to such a place as a court o: justice. LS” AND “CRAP” GAMES, boys who are regular visitors at court there are who never tome except after visiting a “parlor social.” a species of entertainment that figures largel in the testimony of witnesses, or after havin engaged in a game of “crap.” Judge Miller has often expressed his views on both snb- jects, and if his advice was taken both “parlor and “crap” games would forever After the trials of the prisoners the guilty ones who are unable to pay the tine im- posed or give the bond required are again con- signed to the ‘dark holes” below and are there APTER CLIENTS, Those who defend the prisoners are not per- Mitted to enter the dock, because if they were 2 would have a monopoly of the | t to get the judge's rand then the latter y name. often have considerable diffi- » names of prisoners when employed, and it some ens thateven aft ing calle ne to accept the profi counsellor, the court convenes Bailiff Kendig is calling up the prisoners to be inter- times two or three lawyers claim the same client, nugry words follow and they aimost come to blows, THE sesR. Jndge Miller seldom fails to appear on the tench later than a few minutes past 9 o'clock, madthe murmur and bustie that prevailed in court betore that time dies away when Bailiff Hooe looks over his spectacles and cal “Oyez! Ovez! sll pe sons having business before the honorable judge exity in they are not times hepr t kept ba tention. now in session.” Then risoners are called dock and one b; to say wheth ." for those are interest the court. ir the judge sits on the bench to the tales of woe of distressed ind children, aud hears the men ami others against th tres in the dock, >pear ls by any means, 1 upon to sett a hashbands and wive ents and children, Boys are eets or playing and citizens are us of the police SWEARING THE POLICEMEN, Probably three or four hundred persons each he witness stand, and the old Bible een there many years has almost teen kissed to picces, The front and back Jazes of the book are missing. HalifY Kendig sits beside the witness stand sad in addition to calling the defendants to the dock he hands the book to the witnesses and useful . aud the deputy clerk, desk in front and below The cases involving violations of the District ordinances arc ealied first, because Jolicemen are the principal witnesses im these @ses and it is considered desirable to excuse we early as possible in order that fhe judge. ' many wealthy people ix kept until the arriva! of Richard Anderson, the van driver, when they are taken to the jail or workhouse, eee AN ADROIT SW DLER. Cruel Hoaxes Practiced on Dead Eng- lishmen’s Heirs. He was & detective, yet there was nothing that indicated his calling. “I have had many fruitless hunts for criminals,” said he modestly to a Boston Globe reporter. here is not a single detective but who, if he told the truth, would be compel to admit the same. “[remember one ease whore I was employed to hunt down a swindler wo had victimized England, but I faited. I think, however. I frightened him out of the business, for he stopped his crooked work, “His name was Haven. He subscrived to fa number of English, Scotch and Irish news- papers, and purchased a copy of ‘Burke's Peer- age.” When a not of the decease of a nobleman or wealthy commoner appeared he would read the obituary notice. study up the family in the “Peerage,” or if it was not there he would do the best to find out what he could | of th and, having done this, he would a letter to the dead n his confede: abeautiful young woman. f iter purported to be from @ woman e dead man had rained and sent to America to live, and the ietter would state that [she had not received her uswal allowance for | so long a time, and that as «consequence she jaud her child were suffering. At the close she ay that ifshe did not hear from him Very soon she would return and expose him, “It was aernel scheme and in mine cases ont of ten worked successiully. The relatives, rather than have the u | dragged in the mud, u ily sent what money was asked and then, after telling the woman that the | with her for a settlement, entleman was dead, would negotiate | “Haven secured many thousands of dollars ina couple of years. two occasions did relatives cross to the states to investigate, On these occasions Haven’s mistress a | part of the wronged woman, borrowing a child to accompany her, She was . but on one of these occasions she slipped, and the young man from Europe, suspecting the couspiracy, | employed me; but Haven had disappeared.” - soe What Solomon Remarked. The gentle spring is now at hand, the birthtime ig that’s new and fresh supplants drear, many ways is like the old time 2 the same old style the very same . We've the same old strikes that st through Ma nierests are de . + ayed in just thesame 1 vox of berries from the very same Id crop; seen ones underneath, the big ones all on wp. ‘The same old organ-grinders play the very same id tune, The saine old’ spooney couples watch the very * ad meson. cme ou ice men weave the very same t + much when days are cold and little When they're hot. H | The very same old circus bills which spread be- lore our eyes, Are nthe same old way the very same old servant girls are at their same | wi puse they leave us in the very | same old fix. | The same spring chickens which will be the same ' old sitting hen, | Will shortly greet the boarders in the same old way again; The same oid trying chestnuts still are with us, every one, "Tis safe to say there's nothing really new beneath the sun. CLAY-MARSHALL DUEL The Historic Meeting Between Two Great Statesmen. TRUE STORY OF THE AFFAIR, The Enmity of Clay @ Marshali— Odious Federalism—What Caused the Re- Challonge—The Meeting and 1 sults. —— ‘Written for Tae Evexino STAR. ARLY in January, 1809, there occurred @ duel which at that time, on ac- count ot the prominence of the contestants, created considerable interest, not to say excitement, not only in Kentucky and the west, but throughout the Union. The duel in question was the famous one between Henry Clay and the elder Humphrey Marshall, both of whom had been United States Senators and both of whom were at that time members of the lower house of the Kentucky legislature. With the lapse of time the particulars and almost the remembrance of this famous due! have nearly faded from the memory of men. No biography of Humphrey Marshall has as yet been pubiished, although he was, perhaps, in all the essential principles of true greatness @ greater man than his antagoni: nd the numerous biographers of Henry Clay have passed over not only his duel with Marshall, but also that which he fought with John Ran- dolph of Roanoke, with but few words, and evidently with an inelination to apologize for the fact that Mr. Clay ever fought a duei at all. His first biographer, George D. Prentice, who was brought to Kentucky from Connecticut for the express purpose of writing a “Life of Henry Clay,” gives the fullest account which has yet been printed of the duel with Marshall, andit is but meager. ‘This present sketch may be cailed not only the fullest, but in fact the first full account of the duel between Clay and iarshall which has ever been given in print. here is no need toattempt to give to the readers of Tum Stan any acconnt of Mr. Clay, for his name is a household word throughout America; but, owing to many peculiar cireum- stances, Mr. Marshall's fame is scarcely known outside of Kentucky, and even there it is al- most forgotten. Soa brief sketch of the man may not be amiss in this place. SKETCH OF MARSHALL. Humphrey Marshall was a firet cousin of Chief Justice John Marshall, and went from Virginia and settled in Kentucky at an early date—1782—after having served as a captain in the revolutionary war. He was a man of the first order ot character as well as of intellect, but rugged, stern and unconquerable in will. He was an intimate friend of Washington's and an ardent federalist all his day: nd, although he was exceedingly prominent in Kentucky at first, being elected to various distingmshed po- sitions, his extre federalism, added to other causes, eventually caused him to become polit- ically as dead door nail in the “grand old commouwealth ODIOUS FEDERALISM. Asan example of the odions complexion of federalism in Kentucky and the west in early times I will repeat here an example given by Warfield in his work on ‘The Kentucky Revo- lutions of 1798.” In early times in Indiana @ political libel suit was tried in the Franklin cireuit court The Principal allegation was that the defendant had called the plaintiff “an old federalist.” ‘The issue was made up on this as an agreed statement of tacts, and proof was tuken as to whether the offense constituted alibel, The chiet witness was an old man named Herndon, who had moved to Indiana from Kentucky. He swore that he considered it libelous to calla man a federalist; that he would shoot a man who called him either a horse thief or a federalist; that he would rather be called anything under heaven than a federalist, and regarded a thou- sand dollars as the least measure of dam- ages; thet he considered the term equivalent to tory, or enemy of his country, and from the earliest days of Kentucky such’ ho believed to have been the common acceptation of the term, Other witnesses corroborated this testimony, and the jury found a terdict to the effect that “to calla man a federalist was libelous,” and fixed the damages at $1,000, EXPOSING CONSPIRACIES, But much of Humphrey Marshall's unpopu- larity in Kentucky arose from the fact that he defeated two or three formidable conspiracies (in which a number of the leading men of the state were implicated) by exposing them. It was he who defeated and prevented the almost successful ¢ ‘y of Gen. James Wilkin- son, Judge and other prominent ° to turn over to the ¢ sof the King of Spain, then regnant in Louisiana, all that territory west of the Allegheny mountains, east of the Missis- sippi river and north of the Yazoo river, which, by the terms of the conspiracy, was to be held as a depe cy of the Spanish crown, It was uso Hum Marshall who, in 1306, took the first steps toward the arrest of Aaron Burr and the consequent exposure and defeat of his gigantic conspiracy tor erecting ail the coun- try west of the Allegheny mountains, includ- ing the Louisiana country and Mexico, into a magnificent empire, ‘of which he was to be the emperor, These matters are all treated at leugsh in Humphrey Marshall's *“His- tory of Kentucky,” published in 1824—a work which has been #o persistently destroy terested parties aud their de now one of the Aaron Burr was arrested first in Lexington, Ky., in 1806, and shortly afwrward was brought up for trial in the United States court at Frankfort, where upon some informality or technicality, the judge being his friend and his ally, he was discharged with # splendid certificate of character, only to be shortly afterward brought more severely to griet by a higher tribunal, ENMITY OF CLAY AND MARSHALL. In the affair at Frankfort Henry Clay, then a United States Senator, was one of Burr's counsel, atact which Humphrey Marshall af- terward harped upon so persistently as of evil and guilt upon the part of Cla: make the two men deadly cuemies, been stated, elected members of the Kentucky legislature of 1808-09, Mr. Clay was then a democrat and Marshall was the only federalist in the and even he had been elected in a dem- It was believed that the two would engage in an altercation upon al- most any provocation, so bitter was their known mity to each other. Ithas been stated by Prentice that Mr, Clay was defeated for the speakership of the house, to which he aspired, inorder that he might be upon the floor the the more effectually to crush and put id Humphrey Marshall,” ashe, though was then called, us belli was not long wanting between two men determined from the first upon war; and the following resolution, introduced by Mr, Clay, apparently in all sincerity, was made the ostensible occasion of the beginning of hostilities, viz: he members ot the general assembly will clothe themselves im productions of American manufacts will abstain from the use of cloth oF line ropean fabric until the bellig. erent nations respect the rights of neutrals by re- pealing such of thcir orders und decrees as relate to the Uniied States.” Writing of this resolution many years dfter- ward, when the matter had again been brought upon the tapis by the publication of Preatice’s Life of Clay,” Mr, Marshall said: dis this the basis of the ‘American system?” Is it the terrapin system oniy? Did { ridicule itt If {had possessed talents for ridicule 1 would. it was the project of a demay gue? Se AY bas it; abd this was vituperation: W—so correct Was the remark that w 1 might repeat the d ription. Mr, then dressed in vellgerent ‘loth —British, I lieve—declaimed most mantully and patrioti>- y against the use of it, In the habit of wearing eapun in the summer, nen in a pair of Pantaloons of it, Ifelt no necessity \- ilar proofs of my love of country. pcan It is a fact that at the time Mr, Clay intro- duced this resulution Mr. Marshall exercise upon it to the full extent his highly eveloped TALENTS FOR RIDICULE AND SARCASM, The resolution was under debate for several days. At the beginning Mr. Clay, as was his Wont, was dressed in imported broadcloth; Mr. Marshall, as was his enstom, in homespun, or partly so. As the debate progressed, Mr. Clay, to be consistent, shed his broadcloth and blos- med out in homespun. Upon'this Mr. Mar- Ul, who was a man of immense fortune, laid aside his homespun and donned the most’ gor- org suit of English broadcloth that could be ad for money on short notice. Resplendent in thess imported goods, which set off his mag- As has both Clay and Marshall were nificent form to great advantage, he strutted imperiously down the aisles of the house, and taking a station near Mr. Clay began a 5 he which for invective and sarcasm probably the sifted Mr. Ingalls of Kansas could not approach en in his happiest moods. M: stung to the quick and, springing to attempted to spit in iy was his feet, faco—a ta “THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C., SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1890-SIXTEEN PAGES compliment which Mr. Marshall returned in kind. A battle to the death most likely would have occurred then and there except for the intervention of a mber, Gen. Christopher Riffe, a German of tic size and herculean strength, who rushed between them and taking each by the collar one hand held them at arm's length and said: ‘‘Come, poys; no fight- ings here; I vips you both.” And so closed the scene for the time being. THE CHALLENGE, But it was not closed for good. Clay imme- diately challenged Marshall to mortal combat, and the gage of battle was as speedily ac- cepted. A mecting was soon afterward had in Indiana, at a point opposite or nearly opposite the city of Louisville. The following is a cop’ of the correspondence between the two whisk led to the meetin Janvanr 4, 1809, HT. Marshall, esq.— Present: Sie: After the occurrences in the houre of representatives on this day the receipt of this note will excite with you no surprise, I hope, on my part, shall not be disappointed in the execition of the pledge you gave on that occasion, and in your disciaimer of the charac- ter then attributed to you. To enable you to fulfill these just and reasonable expectations my friend, Major Campbell, is authorized by me to adjust the ceremonies proper to be ob- served. Iam, sir, yours, &c., i. Crar. Jaxvany 4, 1909, HH. Clay, esq., Frankfort: Sin: Your note of this date was handed me by Major Campbell. The object is understood, and without deigning to notice the insinuation it contains as to character the necessary ar- rangements are, on my part, submitted to my friend, Col. Moore, Yours, &c., ALL. THE RULES OF THE DUEL. The seconds, Maj. John B. Campbell and Col. James F. Moore, arranged a code of rules to be observed in the affair, which are repro- duced below verbatim, not only as being of importance in the account of the duel now be- ing given but as being of interest generally as n illustration of how affairs of this kind were conducted in Kentucky eighty years ago, when the code duello was in its prime in that state, The rules were us follows: Rules to be observed by Mr. Clay and Mr. Marshall, on the ground, in settling the affair now pending: between them: 1, Each gentleman will take his station at ten paces’ distance from the other, and will stand as may suit his choice, with his arms hanging down, and atter the words Attention! Fire! both may fire at their leisure. A Asnap or flash shall be equivalent to a re. 3. If one should fire before the other he who fires first shall stand in the position in which ho was when he fired, except that he may let bis arms fall down by his side. 4. A violation of the above rules by either of the parties (accidents excepted) shall subject the offender to instant death THE DUEL. Conformably to previous arrangements, Mr. Clay and Mr. Marshall, attended by their friends, proceeded to Louisville and crossed the Ohio at Shippingport, below the falls, to the state of Indiana, and an eligible spot’ of ground presenting itself immediately below the mouth of Silver creek, on the bank of the Ohio, ten steps, the distance agreed upon, were measured off and each gentleman took his po- sition, The word being given, both gentlemen fired. Mr. Marshall's fire did not take effect, but Mr. Tlay's succeeded so far as to give Mr. Marshall a slight wound on the abdomen. Preparations were then made for a second fire. Mr. Marshall again fired without effect and Mr. Clay's pistol snapped, which, in accord- ance with the rules agreed upon, was equiva- lent toa fire. A third preparation was made andeach gentleman stood at his station wait- ing for the word, When it was given Mr. Marehail fired first and gave Mr. Clay a flesh wound in the thigh. Mr. Clay fired without effect and insisted very ardently upon another fire, but his situation, resulting from his wound, placing him upon ‘unequal grounds, his im- portunate demands, in which Mr, Marshall ac- quiesced, were denied by the seconds, THE ACCOUNT OF THE SECONDS, The seconds, in their official account of the affair, state that they deem it justice to both gentlemen to pronounce their conduct on the occasion cool, determined and brave in the highest degree, Mr. Clay’s friend was under the impression that Mr. Marshall at the third fire violated the rule which required that he who fired first should stand in tho position in which he was when he fired, but Mr. Marshall's friend being convinced that Mr. Clay had fired previous to Mr. Marshall’s moving from his position, ‘this circumstance is considered one in which gentlemen may be mistaken on such occasious and is not to be considered in this affair.” The pistols with which this celebrated ducl was fought belonged to Col. Joseph Hamilton Daveiss (Mr. Marshall’s brother-in-law) and are now in the possession of Mrs, Maria Thomp- son Daveis of Harrodsburg, Ky. RECONCILIATION AND RUPTURE, Mr. Clay and Mr. Marshall subsequently be came reconciled with each other, and continued friends for some years. But another rupturo | ensued in 1831 on the appearance of George D. Prentice’s biography of Mr. Clay, which Mr, Marshall considered derogatory to himself m some parts, which he presumed, perhaps unjustly, had been dictated or instigated by Mr. Clay himeelf. Much of the matter in this brief sketch is from absolutely original sources, and has never before been printed, and the sketch itself, as has been stated, is the firat full account ever published of the celebrated duel (and the cuuses leading up to it) fought eighty-one years ago between two distinguished men, each of whom then occupied a very prominent posi- tion before the public, and one of whom. at least. achieved a fame which may be sa immortal. AC.Q. NCY, Tke Dangers That Beset Business Men Forty Years Ago. a OLD-TIME CURRE) From the Rochester Herai¢. A few days ago the Albany Journal reprinted in fac simile the first page of the frst number of the Journal of March 22, 1830, The post of honor, as containing the most important news of that day, was given to a table filling more than a column and a half, to be corrected | weekly. In this table was found information about the bank bills which a person was likely to find among his money. One of the prime necessities of that time was a bank note de- tector, and one of the risks was thata man might wake up any morning and find half the | bills in his pocket worthless from the failure of the state banks that had issued them. Aguin,a business man coming from another state or even from another part of this state, needed the detector to tell him how much discount the Dills, which were good at their face value in the place he came from, were subject to in the town where he wanted to use them, In the table referred to the bills of the banks in and around Albany, at Schenectady, ‘Troy and Lansingburg are quoted at par, but from Newburg, Utica. Syracuse, Rochester and Buf- falo they were from one-fourth to one per cent discount—that is, the bills of sound banks. The bills of a bank at Catskill and one at Pough- keepsie are quoted as worth 50 cents on a dollar, one at Hudson 40 cents and one in New York 70 cents, ‘The New Engiand bills averaged about one-half of one per cent discount, but the num- ber of banks reported as “broken” is large, Con- necticut furnishing two, Rhode Island one, Mas- sachusetts four and Maine five in the list in the Journal. ‘The more distant the banks that issued the bills the larger the discount, Pennsylvania bills averaged Ly per cent discount, Virginia bills 2, South Carolina and Georgia bills 3, Ohio bills 4, Mississippi bills 10 and Alabama bills 20, Bills that were perfectly good one day might be worthless the next. These troubles with the old state bank bills are worth remem- bering and worth recalling when # proposition is made, as it has been in Congress this session, to abolish the prohibitory tax which alone pre- vents a return of wild-cat and red-dog state banking. . eee ---—- A Twilight Song FOR UNKNOWN BURIED SOLDIERS NORTH OR SOUTH. As T sit in twilight late alone by the flickering oak me, ‘Musing on long-past war-scenes—of the countless buried unknown soldiers, Of the vacant names, as unindented air’s and sea's—the unreturn’s The briet truce after battle, with grim burial- squats, and the deep-fill'd trenches Of gather'd dead from all America, North, South, East, West. whence they came up, From wooded Maine, New England's faring, from fertile Pennsylvania, llinois, From the measurelees West, Virginia, the South, the Carolinas, Texas, (Even here in my room-shadows and half-lights in the noiseless flickering flames, Again I the stalwart ranks on-filing, —I pee ete acre tereee ee You million unwrit names all, all—you dark be- jaest from all the war, A special verse for yous flash of duty long neglected—your mystic roll strangely gather'd here, Each namo cord! many @ future bear ce oredr ¥ aA \' or Embalm'd with love in this twilight —Walt Whitman in May Century. IN TROPICAL CLIMES. Some Queer Merchants and Strange Commodities in Guayaquil. THE PEOPLE OF ECUADOR. ‘The Commerce of the Country—The Chiy mese as Monopolists—How the Best From Tae Staz's Traveling Commissioner. Gvaragutt, April 17, 1890. Sthis isthe commercial center of the republic—im fact the only place within its borders worth mentioning in connection with trade—its merchants carry con- siderable stocks of goods, some claiming half a million dollars’ worth or more, with an annual trade of double that amount. Few of them, however, are Ecuadorians, the heaviest im- porters being Chinese. The latter hav driven so many native dealers to the wall and continue so persiateutly toextend their monop- olies that the legislature has lately passed a law prohibiting the further immigration of Chinamen to Ecuador. The Celestial transplanted in this congenial soil does by no means confine himself to the company of his own countrymen and women, as in California and elsewhere. but blossoms out as a leader of society and delights to share his wash tub, opium pipe and marital attentions with representatives of other nationalities. His several wives are generaily low-class Ecuador- , in whose veins circulates a regular ollapo- drida of Indian, Spanish, negro and may be Anglo-Saxon blood, and whose leather-colored skin is notu bad match for his own saffron- hued complexion, the main difference in “looks” being in’ the eyes—those of native women being very large and not set in on the bias, as seems to be the fashion of the flowery kingdom, The offspring of this polyglot par- entage have not so much to show in the way of beauty, but are hardiy more prepossessing than that strange cross between Creeks and negroes one sometimes encounters in the Indian terri- tory, who have kinky hair, high cheek bones, reddish eyes and fiat noses. SHOPS AND TRADE. The lower floors of the houses along the principal streetsare used for shops, while the merchants and their families, of whatever na- tionality, live above them. During business hours the entire front of each house is re- moved—partly to allow freer circulation of air, the heat being so excessive, and aiso to show off the wares to better advantage, for these ground floors have no windows. Ecuador's exports bear no proportion to her real capa- bilities, and there is no excuse but laziness for the chronic bankruptcy of the country, The shipments of cocoa, coffee, India rubber, hides, chincona bark, nuts, vegetable ivory. orebilla weed, sarsaparilla, cancho, tamarinds, &c., amount to about $6,000,000 per annum, The president asserts that Ecuador imports fully $10,000,000 worth but, as the govern- ment keeps no statistics of its commerce, one may be pardoned for doubting the trath of his excellency’s statement, which is based merely on the amount of duties collected. It hardly stands to reason that the most impoverished and backward country in all South America could long continue to purchase twice as much every year as she sells, Most of the imports come from England. The United States fur- nishes little but lard, and all the flour comes from Chili, HATS AND COCOA. Ecuador is famous for only two things—for making the best straw hats and raising the finest pineapples in the world, the credit for the latter being entirely due to Dame Nature and for the former to the native women who weave them. The well-known “Panama hats” are all made in Guayaquil and the Indian _vil- lnges along the coast, but none outside of Ecuador, and this name comes from the fact that formerly Panama merchants controlled the trade. The best hats aro made of toquilla fiber (carludovica palmetto)—an arborescent plant, which grows about five feet high and re- sembies the palm. Its yard-long leat is plaited like a fan and the stalk is three-cornered. The leaf is cut while young, the stiff, parallel veins removed and then’ it is ‘whipped into shreds and immersed in boiling water. Afterward it is bleached im the sun. Mocora fiber is also used, from a tree that grows like a cocoanut, but more rarely because difficult to work. as its bark is extremely hard and thorny. Its leaves are so long that the straws will finish a hat without splicing. Pita fiber—a species of cacti—is also muck em- loyed, ‘The best hate are woven under water y women who kneel beside a stream and keep the straws constantly submerged. It requires three or four months to ea good hat, and when finished it will bring all the way from #15 to $150. But it will last a lifetime, can be rolled up and packed away in a vest pocket, cleaned as often required and worn either side out, as the inner eurface is as smooth and well-finished as the outer. A great many hammocks are also made from pita fiber and dried grass, An enormous quantity of cocoa is produced, though but a fraction of it is gathered, owing to the seareity of laborers, The cocoa of Ecuador is second in quality only to that of Venezuela, the latter being considered the best in the world. Three or four kinds are indigenous to this coast, and it is here called cacoa, to distinguish it from the erythorxylon cocoa, from which cocaine is made—-these all deserving their generic title of Theobroma, meaning “food for the gods.” Perhaps the best grows in the viciuity of Esmeraldas, as it has the pleasantest flavor and contains the largest amount of oil; but it rots so quickly that little of it is exported. The “cacoa de arriba,” from up the Rio Guayas, is most desirable to export, as it keeps two or three years without damage, Next in order comes that called ‘cacoa de abajo,” from near the river's mouth—from Santa Rosa, Machala and other places below Guayaq still richer nut is the mouutain cocoa, but that is never cultivated. It is small, white and al- ost pure oil avd from it ‘cocoa butter” is made—used by the natives for burns, sores, cuts and cutancous diseases and by women the world over for beautifying the complexion. THE COCOA TREE resembles our lilac in shape and size and yields three crops of fruit every year—in March, June and September. Its flowers and fruit do not grow upon twigs, but directly out of the trunk and brauches. ‘Ihe fruit is yellowish red. in shape and size not unlike a cucumber, and the brown seeds inside of it--the “cocoa beans” of commerce—are enveloped in a mass of white pulp. Strange to say, chocolate costs more here by half than in the United States at retail, proba- bly owing to the fact that here it is ail cocoa, winle its importers have learned that pipe clay is harmicns as a beverage and greatly increases the weight of their so-called chocolate. Spain is by far the largest consumer. The Mexican word chocolat is the origin of our word for the beverage, here pronounced us if spelled chalk- o-lat-ah. ‘The best chocolate is prepared by first bury- ing the fruit until the pulp is decayed and only the beansare left. These are roasted and their shells removed, ‘The chocolate is then ground between stones intoa soft mass and poured into molds, The melted chocolate is pressed am bags, Lear! as northern honsewives make jelly, till all the oil is expelled. The sed- iment is then ground very slowly to prevent remelting; after being “bolted” it is ready for use, That there 1s 60 little pure chocolate in the market is partly owing to the great medi- cinal value of its oil, which is expressed in the grinding. ‘The consumer would better pur- chase cocoa nibs, if he can, which are the crushed beans before they have been ground, Cocoa eaves are also sent from here, but the quantity has been greatly diminished since, and India now supplies the world with that murderous drug. THE COFFEE OF ECUADOR is fairly good, though bat little is exported. It grows on a tree about eight feet high, with glossy, dark green leaves, flowers resembling orange blossoms, and yellow, — and purple h tree yi berries all et the same time. an average of ten pounds a year, Another stapie of Ec is ehinsomn at “Peruvian bark.” It takes its name from the Countess of Chincon, who was cured by its use of intermittent fever in Lima, Peru, about the middle of the seventeenth century. It was then introduced into Europe and the knowledge f its curative powers Spread throughout prion Mp aie at little of it Sees in — aie near the northern border. a t familiar medicine, quinine—an alkaloi made from Peruvian bark, was discovered in 1820. In Ecuador there are twenty-two varieties of trees that produce the bark from which able are now nearly extinct, owing to the less way in which they were oe not aoe ‘oO the mopees oe but well in Java. India, Algeria, Mexico, the ited | States and wherever they have transplanted, Gusyas river, which are brongist down to pass- | ing steamers on balsas, an odd sort of raft made by lashing halfa dozen balsam logs together | oe and flooring them with spiit bamboo. These highly original craft are about the most pictur- aque objects to be seen on the river, and, ving been invented by the ancient Peruvians. are precisely the same today as those that met the eyes of Pizarro and his gang more than 350 years ago. alsa wood is as light as cork, | } and remains a any tendency to al size, the logs in some numerous of aconsiderable “floating population,” most of them having a hut on tcp, whose dried thatch looks in the distance like a wandering hay stack. This forms the sole roof tree and habitation of the owner spend their lives contentediy on the water, | Hiterally sharing bed and board with the housc- | hold pets to which all are addicted —biac fowls, dogs and monkeys. When a steamer anchors anywher coast of Ecuador, always, of neces: . out from shore, it is presently surrounded by these balsas, each loaded with strangely dressed or nearly naked natives of swarthy hue, clamof- ing to sell fruits, monkeys, melons, parrots, or specimens of wretched pottery. “Ihe lower decks of the steamers that ply these waters are open and used as a sort of I store house for all manner of commodities, from cattle to precious metale, Proceeding on its southward | way, it gradually becomes packed to the roof with an odd collection of goodness knows what in the line of fruits, in snail stac! property of a different individ: the way to Valparaiso and bac: fifty-four days. in order to dispose of it to who- ever may come on board to buy at intermediate ports. Many of these itinerant traders are women, and they sleep on top of their siores of | oranges, pineapples, bananas, et cetera gardless of the scorpions, vipers, or other min that may be lurking in the yellowing Every comerciante has a traveling comp: in the person of a parrot or monkey, which | sleeps at her side and eats out of the same dish until sold. On this side of the continent time in the water without tion. The rafts vary in eing longer and more about $7. The river front of Guayaquil presents a scene all the year around, British s from Panama and Paytaarrive once Chilian steamers twice a month, w steamboats run regularly up river, half a doze hundreds of dug-outs, rafts and can stantly gliding to and fro. But the baisa most attractive to the stranger, b ric ity never dags as to what their varying cargo may be, PEDDLING BREAD AND WATER. Still more interesting is the bray of the | water-bearing donkeys as they trot through the Streets selling the indispensable liquid, for there is mot a drop of fresh water in the lo ity. Each beast is laden with two casks, or enormous earthenware jars. slung one on each side of him in asort of raw-hide frame. Though one sees many men and women on the streets | pretty much unclothed and children entirel, 80, the donkeys all wear the fu tm pantalettes, not from motives of modest: vo protect their limbs and bellies from the at- tacks of the gadfly, whose sting is like the puncture of a red-hot darning need Bread, as well as water, is peddled about the streets, unprotected from dust or other con- tamination, on uucovered trays toted on the heads of ragged, dirty and bare-footed men, who usually economize their greasy hats by placing thei on top of the load. In the streets are many small booths where Y m ta are for sale. The shoemaker puts his bench out on the curbstone, the tailor runs his Amer- ican sewing machine on the sidewalk and keeps his sizzling “goose” on the doorston Ia the indescribably poor and filthy market laza the smallest of sules are conducted by ndian women, each dressed bh scant and very dirty calico skirt andan tremely decollctte chemise, while their lords and masters swallow the earn in the shape of chi y either sex desires to make a change of rai- ment—which is seldom done for purposes of cleanliness, but only when the vermin b unbearable—he or she 1s not in the least barrassed or hampered by the preser [ lookers-on, but calmly proceeds to disrobe in the public square. DRIED HUMAN HEADS. There is another article of Ecuador's com- merce which, though not reckoned in any market reports, is worthy of especial notice, viz., human heads, dried and pressed to about the size of your fist,each wearing the most life-like expression upon the perfectly pre- served features. Most of the faces are elabor- ately tattooed and all have long black b the lips sewn together with fibers twisted into coarse twine hanging down over the chin in 'y fringe like that in a macram’s lambre- quin, Centuries ago a tribe of Indians hving near the northern border of Ecuador nsed to preserve the craniums of their dead in this manner. Nobody now living knows how it was done, but it is supposed that the bones were all drawn ou: bit by bit through the neck and then the head was buried in the hot, dry sand until it shrank away to one-fourth its former size and became perfectly preserved. As household adorn- ments the grucsome recuordos of dead folk are certainly not handsome, but they are very curious, especiaily since the art of preparing them has long been lost and the d-up lips tell no secrets, They used to bring about 16 apiece, but now command all the way from $100 to $500 and are very scarce at that. Years ago the Ecuadorian government puta stop to this sale, as it waslearned that some moc Indians, instead of dealing exclusively in the brain pans of their defunct ancestors, actually made a business of preparing fresh ones for the market. Since long-haired ones solid for the highest price they took espe cial care of the capillary adornments of their w and daughters with a view to cutting their heads off. one by one. There is no doubt that this traffic in dried heads cost many lives, for the price paid by museums and curio hunters was enough to set an Ecuador Indian up in af- fluence for all the rest of his days, could he manage to judiciously market his superiluous children and relatiy ransie B. Wann, Late Fads in Silver. From the Jewelers’ Circular. Silver maple leaves are used for brooches, Silver hat pins with interlaced heads are useful as well as ornamental. Grape scissors are among the table appoint- ments in silver that are now considered neces- sary. Silver key rings are introduced in the form of wish boues and old-fashioned doable-hoop earrings. A spoon has the bow! overlaid with repre- sentations of dimes and midway on the handle is a 10-cent piece, Bracelets are adorned in the same way. Silver purses now have round clasps made of a@ number of diagonal bars, which fall apart when unhinged aud leave the bottom of the purse fully exposed in the hand. Puzzle rings and puzzle bracelets of silver fill anidle hour. They have the form of an orderly procession of interlacings, but when solved become a lot of crumpled rin; The combination of silver and glass is very popular. Large silver-mounted glass punch and salad bowls, decanters, molasses jugs, show how silver and glass set one another oF. The acorn is a favorite form. Individual salt-cellars take this shape. ‘These are gold lined to keep the salt from corroding the metal. Silver peppers to accompany those take the form of jugs. Silver tea balls are also egg-shaped and en- riched with repousse work. ‘The tea balls are used almost exclusively on formal occasions and make a pretty diversion for ringed fingers, ‘The tea pot is no more. In its stead is the hot water kettle, and there is a preference for Queen Anne shapes, who, as Pope remarked, “Sometimes counsel took and sometimes tea.” jiet for Dyspeptics. London Letter to Chicago News. Icannot forbear giving for the benefit of your dyspeptic readers a few rules that are laid down by English physicians for the observance of those who suffer from acute indigestion. 1. Do not eat beef. It is too hearty for the | average dyspeptic. Eat the lean of mutton (boiled preferred). 7 2. Bacon in small quantities may be eaten; | also thin slices of aerated bread tried in bacon fat; also boiled pig’s feet and tripe and the fish not known as oily fish. 3. Eat no fruit. Of vegetables spar- ingly of baked potatoes, rice and boiied peas, 4 Bread may be eaten (aerated bread pre- —— in thin slices toasted till they are ri 5. The brown meat of fowl may be eaten. Avoid all gravies and sauces. ¢ in others. They are the homes | 4 gpd his family, who | } ur cnstomersand the yen all maght iu change Poroms Plasters........ s Plasters, 10c.; 3 for ectable monkey can be bouglit for | > 4 nd soft, aud y lady should use at.” Per QUININE, 06h Ever t chay pins. " By EVERY BOTTLE GUARAD No Trou! E ad Ask your Drus BS ly ist © that yor ¥ t nnd take mo other, et HIRES, THE ONLY GENUINE ., Made by C. E. HIKES, Philadelphia, Penna, m3-wAs76t 18,9,3,1,32. 22,5,9,22, 6,12, 16, 21, 16, ‘Those figures are the numbers of the alphabet which Spell out the name of the VERY HIGHEST GRADB SPRING WHEAT PATENT FLOUR Manufactured in the world, the justly Oslebreted BRIDAL VEIL FLOUR, And for sale by the following First-class Grocers: CRARLDS 1. KELLOK Temp W. E. ABBOTT, 1721 Pennsylvania ave. andor 11th and H sts. EKPNNEDY & SONS, 1200 F st and nw. 4 Pennsylvania ave. ' and H sts. ow. p-war FRE Som ERB ¥ Sou oF | BEEE KER x ou cco F090 oor bo A TTTTREe © CH HO 00 CO OL AA 7 kK © « 0 06 66 cock H OO J Lilla & ? PARIS EXPOSITION, 1889, 8 GRAND PRIZES. 5 GOLD MEDALS. LARGEST CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURERS IN THE WORLD. YEARLY BALE EXCEEDS 30,000,000 POUNDS, PUREST, HEALTHIEST AND BEST. ASK FOR YELLOW WRAPPER MENIER OBOCO- LATES AND TAKE NO OTHERS. 40 CENTS A POUND, FOR SALE EVERYWHERE. BRANCH HOUSE, UNION SQUARE, NEW YORE. JAS. L. BARBOUR & SONS, Wholesale Agents for the District of Columbia McMoxws ELIXIR OF OPIUM Ten preparation of the drug by which its injurion efects are removed, while the valuable mediciusl Properties are retained. It possesses all the sedative, anodyne and antispasinodic powers of Opium, but pre= Guces no sickness of the stomach, no vomiting, ae costiveness, uo headache, In acute nervous disorders die al wuvaluabie Feuwed), und is recommended by te best ply siciaue &. FERRETT, Agent, mre 872 Pearl st, New Tork, GRATEFUL—COMFORTING. EPPS'S COCOA BREAKFAST, “By a thorough knowled«e of the natural le vera the operations of sirestion eed aeasitan eet 7 point. Ay escape fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well forti pure ‘tlood Soda peeperiy nourianed Seema Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk, 4m bait-pound tins by grocers, labeled thus! JAMES EPPS & OU. Hommopathic Chemists, oul 7-sam&ta ‘Bold oui 'GTON AND BKIDGE W EDWARD L. DENT, M. k., Proprietor.

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