Evening Star Newspaper, April 5, 1890, Page 9

THE. EVENING. STAR: 7 WASHINGTON, D.C., SATUR ACCOMPLISHED WOMEN The Wives of Some Well-Known Members of Congress. OFFICIAL SOCIETY CIRCLES. —_~_ Mire. John E. Heyburn of Philadel- phia—The Wife of Mr. De Koven—The Descendant of a Famous English Family—Mrs. Frauk W. Leach, ae Y¥ THE death of Wm. D. Kelley, the father of the House, one of the ablest of the younger members of the ennsylvania senate was added to the personnel of the lower house of Congress. The choice of this constituency in its new representative has introduced into the social life at the capital the beautiful and fas- cinating woman, Mrs. John Edgar Reyburn of Philadelphia. Both Mr. and Mrs. Reyburn were born in Ohio, Mrs. Reyburn was Miss Margueretta Crozier. Her mother was Miss Atkinson, of one of the earliest families which settled in the eastern section of Ohio. Her father, Robert Crozier, removed with his family to Kansas in 1356. In later years he became judge of the Btate district court which sat at Leavenworth. MRS. REYBURN. Miss Crozier received hez finishing educa- tion at one of the best schools for young ladies in Philadelphia. Young Eeyburn was also sent to Philadelphia for education, and there studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1370. The next year and for four successive “ate terms he was elected to the house, and left that body in 1876 for the senate of the state legislature. He had been chosen for four terms of fonr years sucessively and had two years of his unexpirea erm to serve when he was elected’a Representative in the House of Representatives. In 1883 he was chosen pres- fdent pro tem. of the state senate. In 1581, during his second term in the state Senate, Mr. Reyburn married the beautiful Miss Crozier at hor western home and brought her to Philadelphia, where she became a great favorite in a large circle of fashionable life. She also made occasional visits to the state Capital during the sessions of the legislature and was greatly admired. The brother of Mra. Reyburn, Lieut, William Crozier, is now on duty at the War Department as assistant to the | chief of oranauce. Representative and Mrs. Reyburn have taken & suite at the Richmond and will remain there until the summer, intending to take a house for the next season. Their family consists of two fine lads, William 8. Reyburn, jr., and Robert Crozier Reyburn, both named for their grand- fathers. The drawing rooms of the latest acquisition to the roll of Representatives’ ladies wiil be an interesting event in fashionable circles upon the removal of social gayeties. MRS. DE KOVR. ‘The opening social season of the Forty-first Congress witnessed the first appearance of Mrs. Charles B. Farwell of Chicago in the congres- sional circle of ladies as the wife of a Representative from Illinois. During the pe- riod of fashionable gayeties of three Con- Ruy ~ sne Was prominent among the brilliant women of those days. In 1851-3 she again | d the gay months of one Congress at Yashington, her husband having again ac: cepted nomination, which was equivalent to an election. to the lower house. At this time im the family of Representative and Mrs. Far- well were three daughters, the eldest, Anna, verging into the society age of young woman- hood, and the younger, Grace and Rose, in | their school-girl years. The eldest, now Mrs. Reginald De Koven, is agam in Washington. Mrs. De Koven is one of the most beautiful and admired of the younger matrons of Chi- cago, where she was born. She iad the advan- tages not only of the highest feminine educa- tion, but with her natural gifts having been | carefully cultivated she is a woman of unusual | brilliance in the fashionable world. Her mar- | riage a few years ago has not interrupted the ratification of a taste for literature and its practical application. Being a skilled linguist | she hax prepared translations of popular writ- | ings which have attracted attention in the lit- erary and reading world. She has also produced many clever writings | 4m prose and poetry. Mr. iteginald De Koven | is of Holland ancestry and is also connected by | ties of blood and marriage with some of the | oldest aud most prominent families of New | York. Much of his early life was passed with his parents ubroad receiving a musical educa- | tion. He also took classical course at Ox- | ford, England. His parents died in Itaiy, | where they nad made their residence for some | Years. Mr. De Koven’ her, Rev. James De | oven of Middletown, Conn., was the leader | of the high church movement in the Episcopal church in the west. His mother was Miss Charlotte Le Roy. The celebrated beauty, Mrs. Robert Le Roy of Paris, formerly Miss Amelia Lewis of Philadelphia, was his aunt, The family of Senator Farwell will soon wit- | Bess another nuptial event. The second dangh- | ter, Grace, also a very attractive and highly educated young woman, will be married this month at Chicago. The Senator and Mra. Far- | ‘well expect to leave for that city next week in | order to perfect the arrangements of the wed- ding. The bridal couple will visit Washing- tou and participate in the spring gayeties. MES. LEACH. The ladies in the Pennsylvania circles of offi- cini and congressional life at the capital will have « beautiful bride in their midst soon. | Next week. ou the first Wednesday after Lent, | of Thomas 8. Wiegand at Edge- | N.J., will be the scene of a t Wiegand, her grandfather, was for many years ee eee ead -hiladel phi: jer @ native of Game settled in the United States soon after the revolution, Her mother, Miss Maxwell, was descended from the Irish nobility and landed gentry. The family of groom is one of the most interesting in the earl; te on Eng- land, seven generations havi born and dwelt ou its soil ‘fhe foun was Lawrence Leach, who was born in Eng- land in 1583 and settled in America at Salem. Leach was a member of the Massachusetts council of which Goy. John Endicott was pres- ident. Giles Leach, his son, settled at the new town of Bridgewater, Mass., two of the incor- porators of which were Capt. Miles Standish and John Alden, the heroes of Longfellow's immortal poem.’ The families of Standish, Alden and Leach extensively intermarried. One of Mr. Frank William Leach’s cousins, Miles Standish Leach, a citizen of Massachu- setts, now holds the sword of his historic an- cestor, the redoubtable Capt. Miles Standish. Mr. Leach’s great-grandfather, Lemuel Leach, was an officer in the revolution, through whom he is a member of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution. On his mother's side Mr. Leach is descended from William Manning, one of the first settlers of Cambridge, Mass., whose son and namesake in 1676 collected and dis- bursed the monies and directed the erection of the first Harvard hall, now Harvard College. Mr. Leach has been the active secretary of the Pennsylvania state committee for a number of local, ‘state and national campaigns and was the chief reliance of Chairman at New York in the details of the national committee's labors in the great presidential contest which resulted in the restoration of a republican to the presidency and republican control of both houses of Congress. DeB. RK. CELEBRITI oe. —— ES ABROAD. Lively Gossip at First Hand About Some Famous People in London, “To be a lion in London must be something unique in the way of human experience,” said a lady who had recently returned from Europe toaSran reporter. “It represents a phase of existence to which nothing in life tobe met with elsewhere is at all comparable. Among other things it signifies being launched into a circle where everybody one meets is somebody. At the dinner table more particularly, in the character of a lion, one encounters the celebri- tics of the day and the exalted of the earth generally. All the world meets in London and in a single drawing room of the British metrop- olis you may see with one glance a gathering that fairly represents the wit and brains, genius and achievement of advanced civiliza- tion. You may be a lion if only you are sufliciently original in your own*wa; Robert Drowning was lionized in London for twenty years— spoiled by it somewhat, by the way; Buffalo Bill was also a lion not less penapkes during the comparatively brief period of his stay in England. Society in that country must be entertained and any one who will amuse the British aristocracy or contribute a new idea has the best — letter of introduction to the peerage and gentry.” “LEAVING LIONISM OUT OF THE QUESTION,” she continued, “the reception accerded toa professional celebrity in this country is alto- gether different from that extended abroad. In America one concludes a successful lecture, let us say, and the women rush up with pleased faces and say that they are so glad to have heard the discourse and that they are anxious to have their children instructed on the points spoken of. Butin England the women would say: ‘Come and dine at my house on Wednes- Youcan’t come then? Well, let us say Saturday. Sosorry. What day next week can you come?’ You will understand whatI mean when I tell you that the social rewards for something done are greater in London than any- where else in the world. Even Ouida London has tried its best to make a lion of, notwith- standing difficulties on her part which rendered the task palpably impossible. I remember meeting her uot very lon; o ata dinner in London. Of course, everybody knows how ec- centric she is. That night she was at her worst, She sat on the end of a sofa in a limp attitude, designed to be voluptuously languishing, as i fancy—this was before dinner was annonnced— and when any one was introduced to her she would give an imperceptible nod and interpose an enormous feather fan between herself and further conversation. At the table she behaved like a one child who is trying to see how bad itcan be,among other things raking into the conversation the unsavory Colin Campbell case, which has been by general consent interdicte in polite society. When the ladies left the din- ing room, Ouida—she wishes always to be called ‘Madam Ouida’—said to the hostess: “Let me know the moment my carriage comes, for I wish to go!” “Subsequently, when her carriage was announced, she rushed out with hardly a word for the hostess and none at all for any one else, while Rider Haggard remarked: “Did you ever see such a guy of a woman?” GIVE THE DEVIL HIS DUE. “And yet she had on by all odds the hand- somest, best made and most costly gown in the room. Haggard said that it was very ugly, but the fact was merely that it was un- suited to her. There has got to be a certain consonance between the individual and the dress, don’t youknow. For my own part, I admire Ouida very much for the intellectual part of her and would gladly talk with her again, notwithstanding her eccentricities, She has a face very much like George Eliot's, and there are only two or three such that we ‘have known of in the world.” “Tell me something about Rider Haggard,’ said Tue Star man. “I never knew him very well. He is very young looking, slim and blonde. Among the men and women, too, he seems to be very po) ular, Oscar Wilde I am better acquainted wit! He is growing to be enormously fat; he is ver; tall, you know, and it would not be too mucl to term him elephantine. To me his face al- ways looks like that of an amiable old woman. But in fact he is one of the brightest men in London and a realiy brilliant conversationalist. His so-called esthetic folly was never intended for anything else than effect. Mrs, Wilde isa very ambitious woman with a great deal of style, Just before I left London, a few weeks ago, I went to a reception where were to be seen the best dressed women in England. AsI was going down the main staircase Oscar was squeezing his rotund immensity through the front dovrway, his wife following on hia arm, in a dove-colored dress with a round waist, low neck and short puffed sleeves, straight skirt, and her blonde hair in a fluff, while she carried in her hand an enormous peacock-feather fan. There were plenty of beautiful gowns to be seen on that occasion and literally shovelfuls of diamonds; but hers was the most pictur- | esque and generally attractive figure of all, al- though she is nota particularly pretty woman, I tell you that any woman, even though ugly, has it in her power to make herself pictur- esque. Mra. Wilde. Oscar's mother, told me two or three days later that the velveteen of which that picturesque dress was composed cost only 25 cents a yard. Things are not #0 eh thought of by the yard in England as ere. TRE PRINCE AND MR. GLADSTONE, “You know the Priuce of Wales?” “Ihave never spoken to him, but have seen him often. We owe him « great deal, because itis he who has made the American fashion- able in England: It is considered the proper} thing over there now to admire us and every- thing that is American ‘goes.’ In referring to America I always beard one phrase from every one in England, “Oh, you're a wonderful peoph rince is one of the brightest men in the British Isles. No- | body realizes how difficult a position he has to maintain and what real genius it requires to Sustain it, The social side of it is ouly one side; in polities he las a far harder role to play. And yet, asvou have often heard, he is the most popular man in England; I never met any oue who kuew the prince who didn’t like him. His tact is infinite. Aw for the Princess of Wales, she is as pretty as a picture and loves her, but she never says or ything and is almost like a lay figure Gladstone is « great admirer of ars also; he is accustomed to refer to the United States as ‘the great American experi- ment.’ [ have met Whistler several times— the painter, you Know—and he struck me asa very bridiant man, dried up, old-looking and little. He loves to be talked about and can paint beautifully when he chooses, though much of his work is absurd and an outrage ouart. Isawa picture of his at the academy thie fear of a woman ten heads hight Ania of it! ferring to his physique ple sj of bim as the ‘soul of a marquis? = aon pose ante I Go My Gait. I go my gait, with ne'er « whine ‘Ur murmurous tone at that or this _ Deep burying in this heattof mine Regret for joys that I may miss, Whether in paths of woe or bliss 1 go my gait. Igo my gait, be powapied frown ¥ po before Lent of his daughter Hessey Matilda to Upward | look ver down; ‘rank Willing Leach, secretary to the re- A smiling to wear pos national sheowtive cuenanisies ‘at Wash- as ~ a Ca es with care tou. Edgewater Park residence of Mr. Wie- I go my gait, all sure cf this— aad aljeree the magnificent estate of Gen. E. Who pushes steadily ahead Gara Grabb. Mr. and Mra Leach will remain ‘Must gain at last some goal of blise, a until the close of the spring jungry will at last be fed. season. Leach’s father is a professor at 1gomy the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Joka | hiatal BOWLS ON THE GREEN — How the Old Game is Played on the Smooth Turf. A SUCCESSOR TO CURLING. > A Sport That ie Recoming Popular in This Country—How Curve Shots Are Made by Skillful Players—simple to ‘Understand But Hard to Master. —e—_— Written for Tre Evextna Stan. {Copyrichted. HERE are several games to which the Scotch give consid- erable attention, but none is more char- acteristic of the peo- ple than curli It s well known in America thatcurling is a game played on ice, and as there is in America an inter- national league of curlers it must be well un- derstood, in spite of the mild winter that has prevailed in centers where the game otherwise would have had many exhibitions. The Scotch- man’s love for curling, his winter game, is so great that he has invented another game that takes its place even in the hot season, and in winters like this it is played the year round. The game is “bowling,” a very different af- fair from thé game known in our country by the same name. ‘‘Bowling” is as nearly as pos- sible a transfer of curling to smooth turf. In every town of Scotland of any size what- ever there isa public green set apart for bowl- ing. In Edinburgh there are three that I know of and this takes no account of the greens maintained and used by private clubs. I have in mind one green at the northern end of the city not far from Holyrood Palace where a half acre or so has been set aside by the city gov- ernment for bowling. 1 wandered in last fall, as the gate was open, and sat on a turf bench for several minutes watching the play. Five games were in progress at the time on the same turf, and presently, a fourth hand being required to start a new game, I was invited to join. For this I paid the enormons sum of one nny, which privileged me to play for o e our. After that time I was forced by muni- cipal law to resign my hand in order that others might come in. There is nothing corresponding to this in American cities unless the team’s grounds re- served in ntral Park at New York be ex- cepted; but in Scotland not only are the grounds reserved and kept by the city, but the implements of play are also furnished. These are simply balls and a piece of oil cloth about three feet square, which is placed on the turf to save the grass at the point where the play- ers deliver their shots. A bowling green may be of any size. Usu- ally it is about 100x150 feet. On sucha surface four of five games may be in progress at once. Private clubs arrange their grounds in the same way, but private players in that case own balls, which have been turned respective tastes, The game is not difficult to understand, but it is exceedingly hard to play well, The im- POSITION FOR PLAY. plements consist of wooden balls to be rolled along the turf from the hand of the player. One ball is of porcelain; very small, about twice the size of ahen’s egg. This, at the be- ginning of a game, is rolled forward by one of the players with the idea that it shall stop somewhere near the other side of the green. Once it comes to rest it becomes the target for subsequent play, Then the ere aims to roll his ball in such a way that it shall come to rest very nes the object ball, which, in the parlance of the game, is known as the “jack.” There may be two or four players in a game. In the latter case, which is most ordinary, the players are divided into partners. It would seem a simple thing to roll a ball across 70 to 100 feet of turf and cause it to land within a short distance of an object; but. as I can speak from experience, this is no simple matter. In the first place, one has to learn the force to be used in playing the ball, because the turf may be more or less thick and there may be slight depressions or elevations in the surface of it. Second, the balls rolled by —— are not absolutely round. They are jattened very slightly upon one side, The re- sult is that after the ball has been bowled it pursues a straight course for three or four rods and then begins to turn inward along the direc- tion indicated by the flattened side. This gives room for an infinite amountof skillful play on the part of the bowlers. The ball is so held that the side of it which is a per- fect hemisphere lies outward in the hand and the play is never directed exactly at the object ball. The player prefers to so throw the ball that it shall start apparently toward a ver different part of the field from that in whic! the ‘‘jack” lies, but that, obeying the influence of the laws of physics, it shall eventually curve toward the “jack,” and at last rest as nearly as possible against it. If it were not for this Mat- tened surface of the playing ball the game would be largely devoid of skilled interest. As I have said above. the player stands upon a piece of oil cloth when he projects his ball to- ward the opposite side of the green, In con- nection with this it may be said that no care of 4 grassed ground is greater than that bestowed by Scotchmen upon their bowling greens. The superintendent or game keeper, or whatever he may be called, isemployed at a regular wage to keep the ground in order, see that it is well rolled and that the grass grows smoothly over the whole surface, and the oil cloth prevents any Wearing away of the grass at that point where the players will most likely press it down in delivering their balls for a game. Points are reckoned exactly as in curling. The ball which is left nearest the jack” counts a point for the pertou who bowled it, and if he or his partner leaves a ball or balls within the nearest bail bowled by their Me ee nts, each ball so left counts a point by itself. e game may be of any limit prescribed in advance, but the reguiaon Seotch game consists of twenty one points scored in the way described. At each end of the bowling green there 18 a slight depression in the surface called the “ditch.” If 4 ba)! is bowled so hard that it rolls into this “ditch” it counts as “out” of the game, or, in other words, is reckoned as an unplayed ball, although the unfortunate bowler who played it cannot substitute for it any other ball in its turn, ‘The fine point in the game lies ix this very ditch. If your opponent so bowled the bull that it lies near the “jack” and yet within & short distance of the ditch, you may strike his ball with your own and knock it into the ditch, thereby spoiling your opponent's play. ‘There is no recognized uniform for playing this game and no recognized times for it. It is generally played after business hours or during Lae working partof the day by those people who are quired by that same force in the course of the es that the “jack” by sr it so hay 8 that the ‘jack” by mispla is knocked inte the ditch, then all oak mr pla: th ition c. occupies in , DUE nO ball which is carelessly bowled into the ditch counts in measurement thereof, Every Scotchman plays —— and the skill acquired by some of the players is simply marvelous. Ju ent of curves is won- derfully accurate. I played it one time for a game of twenty-one points, which took two hours to accomplish, both’ sides being very evenly matched. There seemed to be no es- pecially difficult exercise in playing, yet the next morning my right arm, with which I had bowled, and my whole right side were lame and sore from the exertion. It seems to me that with all the open lands lable in America for the practice of ath- orts this game should find ready ad- in all states, and inasmuch as there is no exact weight or size of the balls required in ee ., DIAGRAM TO SHOW THE COURSE OF A TYPICAL SHOT. A—Play ball at the start, B B_Piayed balls, ©—The jack. D—The Cel made by Aafter following the course indicated by the line A—D, the play it would appear to be an easy thing to adopt the game in auy locality. In Scotland every player has his own set of four balls turned acoording to the shape he most desires and according to the weight which is most favorable for his style. On the public greens there is a uniform weight and style which naturally conflicts with the best individual play. But if any hard wood is used and a ball turned from it which is about ‘five inches in diameter, the player may suit him- self as to the other requirements. only bearing in mind that a very slight depression of one surface is necessary to enable the ball to make the curve demanded in the most skillful delivery. Freperick R. Burton. UReiee ences GUESTS WHO MAKE LIFE TORTURE How Washington Folks Are Imposed Upon by Unwelcome Visitors. ‘There is one Washingtonian who is of the opinion that while the laws of hospitality are sacred yet they may be strained too far. This is the first winter he has spent here and very naturally it required a little time for him to discover that a dweller at the capital is apt to find an excessive requisition put upon him for transient entertainment by more or less unex- pected visitors. Acquaintances and distant relatives often exhibit such a sudden interest in one, you. know, when one lives in such a Mecea for holiday pilgrims as this is, People of whose very existence you ‘had ceased to re- member write to you, maybe asking for an in- vitation or possibly announcing that they are coming to stay fora few days with you and that they hope the dear children are well. What are you going to do? If you have re- sided in Washington for a few ysars you have probably accumulated a store of experience in that line which has made you cold-blooded, and you make no bones of begging to be ex- cused. But if you are green there is no telling what scrapes you will get into. ONE MELANCHOLY INSTANCE. The man above referred to is wiser now than he was at the beginning of the season—ever so much wiser, He has suffered. Scarcely had he arrived here, in October, before people be- gan to turn up for little visits. So much cheaper it is to do Washington in that way than to board at the hotels. His ono spare room was immediately occupied. Then the sitting room had to be set apart nights for the occu- pancy of a young couple—the groom a fourth cousin twice removed—who were on their hon- eymoon trip and liked the town so well that they remained two weeks. Nextan old maiden aunt on the distaff side dropped in from Chi- cago unexpectedly and had to be put up in the parlor, Things went on about that way for a trifle more than two months, one unsolicited i and another coming, until udden piling up of the agony occasioned by the arrival of a former college classmate, his wife and three small chil- dren. They had been written to by the now desperate host not to come, but they came all the same, the old classmate explaining it in a bluff and hearty way as. he handed over the smallest baby to the arms of the unwilling hostess. CONTENT WITH A LITTLE. “Why, Old Chummy,” he said, beginning to remove his overcoat, ‘you didn’t understand that your quondam friend, Sam Smith, had no notion of wanting accommodations worth men- tioning. I got your letter, of course, but 1 says to Mrs. Smith here: *-Old lady, Chummy evidently thinks we ante a suite of parlors and a boodwar. He tells us he hasn’t got any accommodations, but we don’t want accommodations; we'd just as lief sleep on the roof and tuck the kids away in the coal box. So we'll go any way and when Chummy understands that he'll be glad to see “So here we are, Old Buffer, and the sooner we get a bite to cat the better we'll like it, for we've been rather economizin’ in expensive railway victuals on the road,” THE LAST STRAW. Thus it came about that the gentleman who played the part of hero in this tragic tale re- signed himself to circumstances over which he felt that he had no control and arranged matters as well ashe could. He gave up his own bed room to the new comers, and his wife occupied a cot by herself in an odd corner. After every one else had been disposed of he looked about fora resting place for himself. and at length the bath tub was pitched upon as the only one available. Soarranging in it some sort of bed clothes he made there his couch, Naturally, however, it was uncomfortable, and in turning about to try and get an exsy position in his sleep his head came into contact with one of the faucets.and turned it on in a gentle drib- ble, This he did not observe at the time, and so itcame about thatan hour or so later he dreamed that he was drowning, only to wake up and findit verging upona reality. His howls brought his wife, and, when he had res- cued himself from the tub with her assistance, they turned np the gas in the bath room, and, with simultaneous impulse, declared to one | another that this thing had gone far enough, It was agreed that they should be called away to wnother city by telegram the next morning, and that they should be obliged to close theft house, regretfully dismissing their guests on that account, _ “They may suspect,” suggested the wife, timidly, ‘ tee hope they will,” gruffly replied the hus- an GETTING RID OF THEM. And the next day the program was carried out. Mr. Smith, the old classmate, with his wife and three babies, expressed an anxiety to stay and keep the house open, but his proposi- tion was not listened to. ‘The visitors departed, not too amiably, the establishment was shut up and the work-out host und hostess took a trip to Baltimore for three da; At the end of that time they returned, the husband saying that he did not care what anybody thought, @nly that if any more unwelcome guests turned pp he would hand them over to the police. Since that time he has had his house for the ‘use of himself and his family. Requests for in- vitations he answers with a cold negative, and he is only waiting for an uninvil visitor to appear in order to apply certain severe mens- of which he refuses to reveal ‘atall = Nor do their virtues larger scope afford Of self-delight maowledge mutual, 4 ptt, 5, 1890—TWELVE PAGE IN TROPICAL CLIMES. Something About the Government of Colombia. FUTURE OF THE REPUBLIC. From the Discovery of the Caribbean Coast—How the Present Government , Was Established—The Laws, the Peo- ple and the Products. —_—— ‘From Tue Stan's Traveling Commissioner. Bogota, Cotomsta, February 28, HIS Caribbean coast was not first discovered by Columbus, as most historians have stated, but by two of his companions in 1499. Three years afterward the great navigator came here and gave the name New Indi to all the unknown territory south from Hispaniola, Castillian explorers quickly followed and in 1519 some of them crossed the isthmas and dis- covered the mighty Pacific, after which the country was soon colonized by the Spaniards, who after subduing the natives by superior force of arms enslaved the survivors and com- Ppelled them to adopt the language, religion, laws and customs of their conquerors. In course of time this section, in common with all the Centraland South American countries, ex- cept Brazil and Guiana, became NEW SPAIN in reality as in name, occupied by mixed de- scendants of the conquerors and the conquered. In 1810 Colombia, in common with all her sis- ter provinces and Mexico far to the northward, drew the sword and declared the domination of Spain at an end. Colombia's Washington, Gen. Simon Bolivar, was inaugurated first presidentof the new-born republic and probably all would have gone well enough had it not been for the dissensions that arose from petty jealousies and personal ambitions. The first constitution survived only eleven years, when the central provinces of the union broke away and in 1331 united themselves with another republic called New Grenads. Bolivar's brain, like that of his antetype Alexander and his contemporary Na- poleon, teemed with political schemes. and his great hobby was the union of New Grenada, Venezuela and Ecuador into one extensive and powerful state. The idea found favor and was ratified by the first congress, which convened at Angostura in December, 1819, Then followed half a century of perpetual dissensions, intestine warfare and the subver- sion and reconstruction of constitution after constitution, in which Colombia, in common with the other divisions of South America, took part, THE LAST REVOLUTION, that of 1885, left a government which seems to be more firmly established than any that has preceded it. After its suppression a council of delegates met in Bogota in the summer of 1886 and sanctioned a revised constitution whereby the United States of Colombia were deprived of their individual autonomy, the name of the country was restored to that it bore nearly a century before, viz., the Republic of Colombia, the first article of the new constitution dis- tinctly,stating that “sovereignty rests solely and exclusively with the nation as a whole, not with individual states.” It re-created depart- ments instead of states, the same as in 1831. to be ruled by a central government located in Bogota. The preservation of public order is vested solely in the national government, which alone can maintain the army and navy, the whole purport of the modification being the cen- tralization of power. The departments are subdivided into prov- inces and these again into municipal districts, the former ruled by governors and the latter by alcaldes, There are nine departments, whose names are as foilows: Magdalena, Boli- var, Panama, Antioquia, Canca, Tolima, Bo- jaca, Santander and Cundinamaria, besides the federal district of Santa Fe de Bogota, which contains the capital, THE AREA OF THE REPUBLIC. The superficial area of this big republic, which extends along the Atlantic seaboard from the Isthmus of Panama to Venezuela, south- ward along the Pacific to Ecuador and in the interior to the upper waters of the Orinoco on its western frontier and to the northern tribu- taries of the Amazcn on the outskirts of Brazil, is about 504,773 square miles. Its southern boundary is one of the most definite landmarks of the earth, being nothing less than the equa- tor. Its total population is estimated at 2,955,- 255, including more than 200,000 aboriginal Indiens, who dwell in the forests of the in- terior and of whose characteristics even the Colombians know little beyond the fact that they are peaceably disposed toward thre civil- ized communities if they are not interfered with, To show how little is known of some parts of the country, it may be mentioned that the Colombian government has recently offered areward of £200 to any one who may succeed in making his way to the coast from the river Magdalena, over the Sierra de Santa Rosa. HOW THE COUNTRY IS GOVERNED. Congress meets in Bogota on the first day of the new year, both the senate and chamber of deputies using the same room, a spacious apart- ment with galleries on three sides. The vari- ous departments are administered by depart- mental assemblies, which meet once in two years, and each district or province has its own municipal council, Judicially the republic is divided into districts, possessing its su- perior tribunal and district judge. Besides the civil, criminal and rict courts commercial courts are also held, The president's term of office is six years. He is assisted by a vice president, seven ministers aud a council of state. The present executive, Dr. Rafael Nunez, is enjoying his third term of office and has nearly three years yet to serve. Though Roman Catholicism prevails. there is no state religion, natives and foreigners being ‘aaranteed freedom of conscience and worship. fhe only monopoly in the country is that of salt, which is still in the hands of the central overnment; and in some departments that of the rum distilleries, which is administered for the benefit of their own municipal revenues. The trade in arms and ammunition is now en- tirely free. There is a large public debt owing to foreigners, three-fourths of which is due to British creditors, who hoid as security a mort- age on the republic's chief source of revenue— that derived from the customs, ‘The principal national coin current is the half-dollar, but that, being away below par. is not thought of at all in the conduct of com- mercial transactions abroad and is pretty nearly valueless even in Centra! America, where drafts are sometimes sought by business men on the isthmus. For the purpose of such drafts the silver dollars of Peru and Chili, the former culled soles, the latter pesos, are preferred, and are quoted at from one to ten per cont above the money of Colombi~. When the foreigh dollar was intro- duced this gold was sold at par, but domestic want, added to the bi-monthly culls above al- luded to, has sent the American money a Jong way up in the market. Therefore the very best sort of funds one can gears f bring to South America is United States goid, the pre- mium on which is always considerable, THE EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM, The new organization of national schools, modeled on the German method, took effect in the year 1870, and already thero are iu the re- ublic us many as eighteen hundred ednea- ional institutions that are suyported from the public treasury, with an average of 75,000 pupils. ‘There is also a national esecuala nor- Fil for the especial instruction of teachers in the capital of every department. Those trained for the work in these normal schools are appointed to teach the common branches in the national public schools. There are many seminaries and colleges of higher grade, besides private schools for girls, where needle- work and household primenger Bat f Properly re- ceive more attention than hig! mathe- matics, mechanics, &2. Tho’ practice of ail trader and professions, including those of law, medicine and the apothecary, is absolutely unrestricted, so that one need not even possess alicense or diploma. ther too much liberty, one would say, in thus placing human bones and bodies at the mercy of any quack who chooses to call him- th 1004 ths ment began the construc- e governi e tion of s telegraphic system, and already more than two thousand meters have been com- Ey variety. its numerous rivers render the cultural and manufacturing possibilities excep- tonal, while in metalhe wealth it shows the same seventy-five million dollars’ worth of silver ap- Bually. To this total America anvaally contributes five millions of gold and twenty- five millions of silver. According to Mulbail the total amount of gold which Spanish America has already put into circulation amounts to 2,220 tons, or the enormous sum of one billion five hundred and fifty million dollara, Most of the old mines are still yielding as well as they did centuries ago, while new ones are be’ constantly discovered. Mulhall places the United States next on the list, with a product of one billion four hundred and thirty million dollars, and Australia third, with one billion two hundred and ninety million dollars. An official estimate, on state records, of the production of precious minerals in Co- lombia during the last three hundred years puts the figures at $652,000,000 up to the year 1884, and adds that the silver produced during the present century up to that date amounts to €226,000,000, The principal minerals yet dis- covered are gold, silver, platinum, mercury, lead, cinnabar, rock salt, coal and niter. The region about the cordilleras has as yet been but little explored, therefore no accurate esti- mate of the mining possibilities can be made. Many mines exist, however, and prospecting, which bus lately received’ a new impetus, 18 seldom fruitless, PRODUCTIONS, There isa wonderful emerald mine not far "from Bogota, Among other productions of the country may be mentioned india rubber, Peru- Vian bark, coffee, cacao, cotton, sugar cane, Tice, indigo, corn, potatoes, wheat, fruits of the tropical and temperate zones and some of the finest tobacco in the world, shat from | which the famous Ambalema cigars are made, The forests, that for the most part cover the surface of the country, abound in magnificent woods of all descriptions and an endless variety of medicinal barks, saps, roots, herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits are also found. Many of those are known toscience, but are exceedingly rare. while others equally potent and some of them far superior to anything yet employed in materia medica are used by the Indian medi- cine men. The general topographical configuration of Colombia is determined by the three great ranges into which the Andes, continuing north- ward from Peru and Ecuador, braach off as they near the isthmus. They traverse the whole length of the state, and between them lie broad, hot and deep valleys, watered respec- tively by the Atrato, Cauca and Magdalena rivers, This alternation of valleys and heights that rise above the line of perpetual snow gives a great diversity of climate, from the cold of the polar regions to the sweltering heats of Senegal; while the table lands and hill siopes preserve the mild wenther of the temperate zone, scarcely varying five degrees from year to year, on the Caribbean coasts the heat is continually tempered by the trade winds and other pure air currents from the ocean, THE FALLS OF TEQUENDAMA. To reach these wonderful falis from Bogota Fequires a iong journey on horse or mule bac in course of which one must depend upon the hospitality of the people for two nichts or three, according to one’s ability in the eaddle, ‘The route lies straight across the plain of Bo- gota, and then along the foot of hills, whose al- most perpendicular sides jut a thousand feet above the road. Nearing the falls the country becomes inde- scribably lovely and saddenly we emerge into an open space and before us is spread sucha | view as is rarely presented to human eyes—a huge amphitheater of mighty rocks cover with dense vegetation, surrounding a magniti- cent cascade, whose height 1s variously stated at from 600 tu 1,000 feet. The whole body of a river. forcing itself through a narrow fissure in the heights above, comes tumbling down with a deafening roar, until, in mist and vapor, it dives into a pool more than a hundred feet deep and then quietly flows away through the valley below. The mists reflect all the colors of the rainbow, and such is the tremendous force of falling water that it has actually hollowed out a well in the solid rock below 150 feet deep. Birds are flying in and out of the spray, where it is said that caves exist in which great’ numbers of “goat suckers” make their nests. The Indians have a legend to the effect that the Great Spirit tore open the mountains and made this fall in order to drain for their use the fertile plains above, Geologists argue that the great Sabana of Bo- ota, with its encircling hilis, must at one time ave been the basin of a fresh-water lake, which was maintaiued in spite of the rapid evaporation of the altitude and the overflow toward the east, by the Rio de Bogota with its numerous branches rushing impetuously into it. But the lake cannot have been very deep, as the natural dam that confined its waters on the southern edge at the junction of the Bo- gota and Muno rivers is no more than 130 feet above the present lowest water level, Finally the pent-up waters overflowed this dam and began the formation of the Tequendama cas- cade through a deep gorge of the cordillera. In course of time, probably on the occasion of one of those great earthquakes that have so frequently rent the Andes, the dam was en- tirely swept away and the lake drained. The Bogota river follows a winding course to a labyrinth of rocks and boulders, where, with the towering cordillera of Cundinamari on one side and the heights of Quindiu on the other, | it takes this stupendous leap. Below this _ the river Bogota, emerging again into the light, winds through thick bushes and rocky banks to its confluence with the Magdalena, many miles farther north. Paxsre B. Warp, a cae THE AWFUL PORTIERE, A Household Hanging That Keeps Men | From Proposing. From the Buffalo Courier. A few evenings ago I said to my friend Da- real: “Joseph, why haven't you married?” The question seemed abrapt, I admit, but the moment was most propitious. As we sat in the coziest corner of the club room testing a new and recompensing brand of cigars we talked awhile atrandom and finally we, too, drifted to the subject of marridge in Buffalo, We spoke of the apparent reluctance of certain young | men to do anything but dawdle about the objects of their adoration, and when Joseph said “Do not blame them, perhaps it is not their fault,” I put to him the startling question, “Joseph, why don’t you marr; Joseph took several long pulls at his cigar before replying, but finally said, his eyes fixed on the ascending smoke: “If you wish to know what has kept me from matrimony I will tell you. It is the portiere.” I stared, Joseph went on: “In other words, it is be- cause parlors have no doors—because our mod- ern houses are one vast whispering gallery, in which the slightest ind is heard from one end to another, It is years since I nave felt sure that I was absolutely alone with a girl— an environment necessary for sentimental dem- onstrations, But to particular) It is not long since I became unusually interestod in a young woman of my acquaintance. Perhaps I was in love with her. If not, I know that I might have become so. I paid her rather marked attention for nearly a year, but in my | numerous visits to her house there was never an opportunity for anything but the most formal conversation. Usually ber father sat in the hibrary across the hall in full hearing if not in vieW of us. No chance to shutadoor, At the parlor door—portieres; at the library door— portieres; at the dining roofh door—portieres, and never an opportunity for that sense of private tete-a-tete which gives a man inspira~ tion for sentimental deeds. “Now it is my idea that the time when mutual love is first acknowledged should be supreme moment in life—one to be made the most of and not to be thrown away by auy such insensate epee | as a proposai by letter or even to be risked at unpropitious seasons when interruption is probable or ble. Therefore I did not tell my love with papa reading his paper in windings wwe or with the servant —— at the sideboard in onl open and th ters wore active in the upper balls and I could hear the brother in his roum overhead dress- ing to go out. No, I waited for some moment of assured privacy. Fo honangen 1 e. Be Care Harrint) PinciyDeti, aud Lo ane to Danae puin. be Press, 10:00 y 40 dass with throug Sleeper ter *RE AND POTOMAC RATLE: Rochester aud Nil Siva ee PUK PHALADELPHIA ONLY Week daysand® 10pm aay, mokiyti, y Oty w direet tran au ¥:4a, 1007 eam, 2:Su, Pa. Accommodation for © Baw. Week days, © amanda 59 pam. week 05, 7.0, 12th, B00, Amy U5 pay. Up Sup- 20, SS, Oy Kae CHAS. EPC General Manaier. tmba Remon ayy panvinte kart ™ m PAD CV. Sebed . ule in ef kK Pullman Sleeper Wastin, 22-74 am.—Fast M lottesville, St ‘ashingto daily :arr we Kiwuud & returning leave Kowid Hill 6-00 a piu. daily except punday, arriving Wai @m. and 3-05 p. ‘Lhrough trans ie and Lyncht slain rvation and inf. dat off at office, 1.500 F eta, Peuuayly ren ay ivania ave . railroad, Gth aud Ii sts mb 1. TAYLOR, Gen. Pass. Agent, Bazroonr Axo ( Behedule iu eect Baw JAD Jno R AILROAD, corner wf New Serwey Ww aud Indiauapolis, expres 411 230 pa burg and Cleveland, Vestiby eoprees daily VL 20 a.t0. aud expres § 40 For Leauugtou wud Lc ory OF Winewester For Luray, 5:40 For Baitinore, we “. Us sb3200, Sundays, 8:30 am, 1d5,"s Pau, ve Baltimore a for Washingte 8. 3 Eo . i 8 a b200, Uw low sud 1100 p.m, Por Anuapolis, 6:4 10 anda 2d Pa. On Sundays, ds Leave Au + meltie ma.. 4:00 pom ou tay i Yor Bes 810200 pon. Church train leaves Washington on S: B.lu., stopping atall tations ou Met Por Frederick, 16:40, 111 20 Oli, 15-10, 14:30 BO m, “Sundays, 1-10 pau : For Hagerstown, 111-20 am, and 15.00 p.m, ‘Draws arrive trom Chicago duly 11 45 a.m. and 4:05 pau. from Ciuciuual. and >t, Loum dally Soto Ov paw. drow Mittebue TAU wi, Uod and *J0:30 pan, For tern, SGelphia, 1:00 ‘rains’ leave 11100 am, nial eK Sdences vs ofbces, 614 and 1, 7) ODELL, ‘Gen. Manager. rept y SCULL, Gen. Poss. Ag POTOMAC RIVER BOATS. OTOMAL TK. NSPOKTATION COMPANL For Baitimore iver Londings Steamer SUIR Capt. Geogbeyan, leaves Stephenson's whatl every Sundayat 4 v'clock paw. dor turtuer iutormatiom apply wo ‘ mb8-6m PHENSON & BRO., ‘ reet Wharf. (po NOKPOLE AND PORK HE PUPULAL UME OLD PAvOniit STEAMER OUR 3 Sark. com wt first-class, Table Fable and Leated eothicers. Tboruuxks disciple, From 7tu-street wharf NUNDALS, WEDNESDAYS aud FAIDALS at ling at Boston wharf, Norfollty exclusive comnection with UNIDENCL Di LAMERS. he tare to Nortel SECOND-CLASS 8) Each WAL. 1 Tickets and rooms at 6 1 eenbeyl vente s, 10th aud F Kuox's Express, Weck Lage Telephone Se. “ Ww Nobrou ‘South. — vember 18, 15% been repaired eet whi ‘Tue connections for New Yori. South. For state rool areight cali at Whart or 1 eloy $id U. Licket Offices, 19 and "6 kxpress, INLAND A. ING GohiraNy. OUNT VERNON. STEAMER W. Ww. Capt. L. L. sluke, ieaver Tth-st. whart daily ( Bunday) tor Mount Vernon, leaving at 104.1, Washington about 35-30 p.m. ‘are, Pound izip, @1, inci admission to grounde and mansion. weld Fou Fare ¢1 street cars, at > Letucuaug,, jinon st. Close tadelphs and Northand SORCORAN, ‘POTOMAC RIVER LANDINGS, NEW IKON Siz: et. wha ‘RIDAYS and SUNDA\S p.m. touching at ‘as feras Nowini Oreck, Va. St Chewents Sbeyiherae Sorbie Sou Bh Pabundd i eaiule. C._W. KIDLEY, Manager. __GENTLEMEN’S GOODs. Mescaaxt T ncome, FALL AND WINTER, "89-90, Our own Importations now received, and ge invited to inapect at the well-known house