Evening Star Newspaper, January 18, 1890, Page 8

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THE WORLD'S FAIR. [Continued from Seventh Page.] nder which it was done. A building was erected and materia s collected by the Gov- ernment of the United States for a mineralogic, natural history, and archeologic exhibition, These minerals were brought together at eom- paratively small cost. and many others were as- sembled through the enterprise of individuals throughout the United States. These were thrown back on their hands, Many of the arti- cles were piled up in the great buidings. The matier had not been properly anticipated and they were iliy ciassilied, und a large part not displayed. ss many things were heid boxes during the exposition. The people of America and throughout the world who had contributed more or less to this, said, ““They have now only in part ful- filled the ofice which we hoped they would ful- fill. The exhibizs are. most of them; of perma- ent vaiue. aud we will give them to whosoever will cure for and utilize them.” Thus were those things thrust on the oflicers of the G ernment, Professor Baird and myself havir the cure of a large amount of these materials. What was the result? An appeal was made to Congress and a National Museum erected. The building st Philadelphia was torn down «nd another expenditure was wade to have all that Material removed to and exhibited in Wash- ington. From that grew the present National Museum. ‘The proposition, then, which I wish to make ie that the collections which are brought to- gether. and which may be of perennial value and interest to the people for their recreat pleasure, and instruction, may be assembie place and with such provision ¢ when itis done lasting results may accrue therefrom. 1 wish to recommend, tueu, that the following exhibitions be made: ; Finst. Thata great archeologic exhibit be made. Seconp. That agreat natural history ex- hibit be made. Taiap. That the mineral resources of the eountry be exhibited. consisting of a collection of tho minerals of America. Fourta. ‘lst the eoliection which we al- ready possess, which is in the main a col- lection of the inventions of the people, be so d in logical order and historical ' order w the evolution. the development, of ve genius of the people. For that, re eiready on band, but are of no avail at present for this purpose. They never have been proveriy classitied or arranged. ‘They are piled up in cases where they cannot be seen. or stored in boxes in an obscure room of the Interior Department. Ati these collec- tions, which have cost hundreds of thousands of doilars—mijlions of doliars—not to the Gen- eral Government, but to the inventors of this country, ail these articles ought to be put on exnibition bere they could be seen and appre- Giated by the peop! If the plan which I am advocating can be carried ou: it will afford relief to the Depart- Government, Those who have perience in the different Executive Departments can scarcely appreciate the ex- treme difficnity with which their operations are carried on. Everywhere we are crowded inte narrow space. No business man would have bis busiuess carried ou as we are carrying on the practical business of this Goverumeut— five, ten, fifteen, and twenty men, with desks. crowded into one small room. Many of the buildiucs of the Government are ola and illy constructed, built at a time when the science of sanitary architecture was comparatively unkaoown. The rooms are unhealthy, and when- ever an epidemic breaks out in Washington, ae at present, it attacks all these Departments. ‘Today they are uimost depopulated by disease. What can you Lope foror expect other than that, with the crowded, unventilated rooms which there are in this city. Senator Hawley. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask Major Powell whether the public build- ings constructed in the last ten years have shown any advance in sanitary science over those erected twenty or thirty years ago. Mr. Powell, I think so. The State, War, and Navy Department building is an improve- ment over the other buildings erected previous to itso far as sun:tary features are concerned. Sois the Pension Ott mm pomt of sanitary errangement, a superior building. Senator Hawley. I think if the Secretary of War would take you through that baiiding again he would show you that they bad torgot- ten ventilation to a large extent. Mr. Powell. The Medical Museum is a very finely ventilated buildiug, and it 1s possible to build ali the buildings with a view to their being well ventilated. Now let me goon and make my statement with reference to the erec- tion of the buildings necessary for an Exposi- tion, and bow the occasion for this may be made the opportunity ior relieving the De- partments of their over-crowded condition, The Government of the United States is rent- ing buildings all over the city at avery great The Geological Survey, with three or four hundred employes. is occupying one, and oniy within a month Congress hus given au- thority for the renting of another. When we get into that building we wil! still be crowded, and will still depend upon the Wisconsin Uni versity and Yale College and many of the insti- tutions of this couniry for room. Unable to get the appropriation necessary to rent the wuildings which we want, we have gone outside of the city and begged rooms trom the educa- tional institutions of the country. In Yale Col- we use 12 laboratories, which are given to the Survey free of expense, and so we have rooms in the Wisconsin University and in Har- vard University, and in many other leading in- stitutions of the country. I wish to plead for relief for the Depurtmenta from the great strain placed upon them by want of room. Senator Soerman. I would like to ask the Major whether be thinks we could secure the necessary buildings to relieve the Departments of this strain of which he speaks within two ears. . Mr. Powell. I think it could be done, Senator, and I wish to set forth the plan before I get through and how I think that could be done, if you please. The time is so very short I had better address myself to that subject imme- diately. In the first place, third of the Army Med- ical Museum, as it'was or.ginally planned, has been constructed. The building itself ‘is a complete building. but only the back part, the rear of the building, is erected. The other two-thirds and the front have never been erected. Iu the second place, there is tor the Geological Survey Geological Museum whatever, In the next place, the National Museum bas sbout one-fourth of its plan developed, Rere is a diagram, but it isnot quite correct, The right biack line (indicating) represents one-third of the present Army Medical Mu- seum. The other black line here (indicating) represents simply what bas been thought would be the site of the Geological Survey building. Here a building hns been erected (indicating), the prese of the National Museum. Here is the Smithsonian (indicating), and this grouud here (indicating) hus been reserved for the en- largement of the National Museum. Now those buildings e: in charge of a general board, but by letting the Army Medical Museum complete its own lan. It bas its own plans ready now. Let the jeological Survey du the same thing: its plans are ready and a bill is before Congress to authorize the erection of its building. These three organizations have pluns perfected. The Tegents of the smithsoni: their Secretary, Pri have charge of the comy Their pians are ready, twice before the Congress relating to this mat- ter. All the buildings necessary for the arch- mologic, the naturai history. aud the mineral Or mining exhibits cun be casily completed in thismanuer,and could be doue without very much difficulty. The plans have been ready for years, and the buildings cen be erected whenever the necessary appropriatious are made. In regard to the building for the exhibition of the inventions of the country, i do not know where the gentiemen interested in that wouid like to have it, It ought to be taken out of the 3 be erected with | economy and without difficulty in the pre-| scribed time, not perhaps by putting the work present interior Department building. There Tino room for it’ there. ‘That building, if relieved of the Patent Office with itscollections would be adequate for the other bureaus of the Interior Deparunent not already provided for, on condition that the Geological Survey is given a building outside, Senator Hawley. Suppose you took all the Fest of the bureaus out of the Interior De; ment and left it to the Patent Office, as it was originally intended, how woud that do? Mr. Powell. it is illy adapted to the purposes of the Patent Ofice. No proper display of the iuventions of the people can be made there. ‘There is not —— ight, =—— space is inadequate and badly arranged for « pro; display of the models At the same time a building is necessary for the Agricultural Department, and the Secretary ie asking that this may be immediately erected, Again, the Fish Commission is in a small building, and in rented rooms ona business street. It should have a building adapted to ite wants. The Coast Survey, Lyseiootyt papel es ip rented buildings on Capitol Hi tagethar wish the Agricsiian ive e Agricuit partment, are in pressing need of buildings; and all of ped can be constructed in ® manner as to be available for exhibition purposes, and when they have fulfilled this office they can be turned over to the several buresus and departments for permanent occupation. a iiss Each organization should have charge of construction of its own buildimgs. In this manner the best structures can be obtained, i to permanent wants and to D. ESIGN FoR THE PROPOSED BUILDING FOR THE DEPARTMPNT OF AGRICULTURE. temporary use for exhibition. They may be all properly placed on the Government reserva- tion in one line, where nearly all of ning, extending from Sixth . It appropriate and well- constructed buildings are erected a crand facade would thus be presented of neariy one mile in length. The buildings are now in part erected, and the plansare all ready for their completion, and the officers who have devised the plans and whose uses the buildiugs must ultimately serve should have charge of the work, and by so doing they could all be erected in due time for the great Feir, To pass from this matter I want to take one of the scientific subjects and elaborate it some- what as an illustration of what can be done. I Wish to take just one and develop ita little as an illustration, « Ihave before mea map of North America, Perhaps it enanot be seen very well by the members Of the committee in this light. Oa the discovery of this continent we found, what we supposed to have been and what is popularly supposed to have been, a horde of unorganized, nomadic savages, differing irom us in language. dering in creed and culture from the Luropeans, We at first illy understuod the people with whom we came in contact. Care- fal invesugation of that subject has at | suown that in North America there were seventy-tive distinct peoples, as distinct from oue avotheras the peoples of the Orient, the Japanese, the Chinese, the Egyptians, the Aryans, &c.; speaking radically distinct lane uages, having radically distinct institutions, waving their laws aud forms of government en- | lirely distinct, having their arts all distinet, aud their mythologies and religions distinct. itis found necessary then. in North America. | to study the archwology and the authropulogy ot seventy-five distinct stovks of people. Again, in South America, perhaps —we do not es of the natural history collection and of the col- lections of the inventions of the people. Now, gentlemen, what I plead for—and I must be very brief, appreciaiing that I am trespassing upon the time of other gentlemen— is, that this occasion may be used to secure to the Departments the much-needed buildings and offices, Second, that when this exhibition is made it may he eo made that it will have permanent value; that when the day of adjourn- ment of the Exposition comes it will not be simply marked by tie tearing down of the buildings and the carrying awy of materiaia. Remarks of Gen’l Felix A. Editor Baltimore American Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of te Committee: I am an envoy, an ambassador, it may be said, from the city of Baltimore and the State j of Maryland, in this matter. We take grent | interest in this coming Exposition, so much so | that we were rather ambitious of even becom- | ing competitors in the race. But looking the field earnestly over we felt that it was a Na- | tional Exposition, and that it belonged to the National Capital,’ We came to that couctusion ufter calling a meeting on the 1th of August last of our main and prominent citizens, which mecting was presided over by the Governor of | our State, At the meeting were present our | Governor, our Senators, and members of Con- | gress. Our wenith was represented, our en- thusiasm was great, and our resolutions were | warm. I will ask Mr. Anderson to please read | them. Mr. Anderson read the resolutions as follows: “Resolved, That the Exposition of 1392, m honor of the dth Auniversary of the Dis- covery of America, is beyond magnitude aul dignity of a private corporation, or any in- dividual ¢ sid be he under the joint nited States and the Lae AS te It is ms and I think we all m he spot for our National You cannot tuke it away from speaking now 28 a public educator. profession. T love i fecl that here stan Exposition, here. Now come down to the technicalities again: the technicalities, Mr. Chairman, that you ki ed between nations. 1 ‘ say that the King of Italy would be invited, the Queen of Spain, aud other dignitaries of Europe. We are all repu licans; we are all sover We are as ¢ as themall, but nevertheless we have those in stincts, never seek to offe We always look to be equal in an hey wish us, and when it comes to that civility due to what they call a crowned head youcertainly want the head of the nation to meet it at the seat of the Govern- ment; you want the honors paid: to it by the army and navy of that conutry, Are 3 to give them a second-hand reception King of Italy is coming up the bay; shall I fire asainte?” The commanding officer, perbaps, would not dsre to do it unless he had his ailirm- ative orders from Washington, Now these are the little technicalities, the little difticulties, which occur in events of that kind, which are so important and which you must not iorget, The moment you anuounce this National Exposition every American from the Pacific slope to the Atlintic, from the Canadas to the Guif of Mexico, with tha: bold- ness and frankness of feeling about him when he says, *“lhis is my Exposition.” Now, Mr. Chairman, as I stated before. countries write their histories in marb’ Warriors especially in olden times claimed ail greatuess, Alexander the Great built a famous | library, aud there it stands as his great victory at that spot, Cv ir bust the wonderful temples ofRome, Napolevn’s monuments and the pages Are of lit-rature honor his name and deeds, | we, after 400 years of toil and e allow these great buildings to be e: lee ————= SOUTH ELEVATION OF PROPOSED BUILDING FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. know positively, but probably—almost an equal number of distinct peoples are to be found. ‘These peoples are rapidly disappearing—not by being wiped out of existence, but by being ab- sorbed in the conqueriug peoples who came to this country, Their arts are rapidly bein, lost, and ‘are being rapidly modified an changed. The map shows how these peoplea were distributed throughout North America, The United States and all the Governments of North and South America have become inter- ested within the last few years in these people, ! and they are ail making vigorous efforts to col- | lect the materials necessary to put on record in the history ot the New World the character- istics of these ancient peoples, Among other things, they have become interested in the col- lection of their arts in the archwology of their country. All the governments of Central and and South America and Mexico have passed laws excluding foreiguers frow the investiga- tion of these subjects; not from the investiga- tion—that is an unfortunate term—but for- eigners are prohibited from making archmo- logical collections in these countries. United States and in the Dominion such |: do not exist, However, these States in Cent and South America are making these collec: tions for themselves. In each country they have their scholars at work, some of them for the governments, and some of them through individual enterprise, making these collections. They are doing in these countries whet we are doing in the United States, making a large collection of duplicates, | We have now on exhibition to some slight exteat in the National Museum, and stored away in boxes and in warehouses, a vast collection of the arts, indust &e., of the Indians of the United States, By a system of exchange with the other govern- ments we will ultimately put in Washington & great archwologic collection. The materiais are rapidiy accumulating. If these things can Tn the | eighteen Sister Nations of the New World which Columbus discovered, “Hesolced, hat Washington, which is com- mercially neutral ground. the city of the Nation and of all the States, and the oldest and foremost American Nation, ia the only proper site for the commemoration of this great historical event. sol ‘That Baitimore, waiving all claims of her own, easts b for the National Capi- tal, and invites all cities to unite in making the Three Americas Exposition worthy of the great- ness und grandeur of the Western Hemisphere, = Resol hat his Excellency, the Gov- ernor, be requested to transmit copies of these resolutions to the President of the United States and members of the Cabinet, the Presi- dent of the Senate, the Sp of the House, the Governors of the vurious Stat d Ter- ritories, the mayors of the principal cities, and the presidents of all commercial bodies.” I sabmit those resointions, dir, Chairman, in support of these resolu- tions [will say that the speeches of that day would have miade your heart fecl happy to ex- perience the thought and the desire to weleome | ail to our shores as they should be welcomed, and where could they be received better than ai the National Capital? You bave bad this morning speakers with | Teference to the practicability of the Exposi- | tion, you have had them on the finances and, lastly, on the sciences, Now, if I take the | liberty to come in with a litle sentiment you will not blame me for it, for I was born that » from the country of F gh baptized in the blood offtwar in Ameri ec it, and J am anxious about tuis Natio carried the tlug of New York in battle array asa private soldier at tiet and then with the distinguished star when i lett, Ifeel that the biood ct New York is in my veins, Nevertheless, when it comes down to | the deciding of a sive tor a National Exposition ce, where every American feel he pisced=on neutral ground? The Exposition elongs here, Another thing Isaw today was that it was said here that the centre of population radiates to the West, The map was given tome. I shall is thonght over ita little, I am sorry for the gentleman who gave it to me, as I saw he kn» little about it, He had out here on the B. & O. a straight line, and there he had the popu tion stopping in 189. Whatis the fact of ou centre of population? Why, it isa zigzag in position, You found it at one tim in our early history in Georgia, It zigzagged again down near Richmond. Again You strike it above Baltimore, and then i: strikes New York, and then goes to my friend’ state of Connecticut, Then it jumps to the Northwest and then to the West. We must not forget that this isanage ot iron, steel, steam, and electricity. Let me il- lustrate to you the wonders that are occurring today, for perhaps in your comfortable live you inay not think of it, But ten years ago « young. daring, bold American (Stanley) had is uame proclaimed by crossing the Dark Continent, He followed the upper streams int: the interior of Africa and to his amazemeni he came to the Central Congo Valley. Ther: he found trees that run one hundred feet and more in the clear, and wonderfulminerals and lands that were Paradise-like he found in that unexplored region. When he made these dis coveries what did he do? Wh. ed the crowned heads in such a wi ormed the Congo State, Ten years ago there was no a white man inthat country. Today there ar fifty or sixty thonsand there. Ten years from now there will be one million. A hundred years from now there will bea hundred milion until it will be, I hope, the Republic of th Congo State, witn ons hundred millions o population. Then, gentiemen, the Gulf oi uines will have beautiful ports, with wonder- PLAN OF PROPOSED BUILDING FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRIGULTURE. be utilized for the World's Fair in this man- ner we can assemble immediately in the Ca ital, at Washington, s great areietaicans = lection of America, a great international col- lection, through exchanges and the co-opera- thon of the = take part in ‘ition. F af z E I think it would be a mocke: seat. You are to-day, ¥ tors of this country. ou are to decide how the of the country is to be written— written on marble, so that in future ages these stones may be dug up, our libraries may be burned, and nothing but these marble stones left to tell who we were and what we were. Are we to be known for generations and a to come? If “ar : —— and revolutions as we have heard in past ages over the old nations on the north of to go to a coun’ nt! omen, the peered to that anywhere than at the National Capital at Washi tlemen, that dec: Bear in mi faa eriteen otover sea one a time to fal wharves and with steamers running to our shores, Will they gos thousand miles out of the way to go to aneastern port? No; they will seek your Southern ports, like New Or- Spe ie even run up into ie Newe and — ee ange, "Tt isthe grostater of tue couutey Cast ed of the makes this, It is tho thought that every man ie ten ba hase Corton ono im 3 ou, gentlemen of the Gonna romana when all that great transformation comes Washington is always the centre of the Nation. APPENDIX A. Remarks by M. V. Montgomery, Ex- Commissioner of Patents, on the Pro- posed Building for Working Models of Great American Inventions. the following remarks, which the Board of Promotion herewith submit in support of the proposed building for working models of greet American inventions, Mr. President and Gentlemen: Yn 1787, at the time of the adoption of the Federal Constitu- tion, @ provision was incorporated therein which conferred upon Congress the power to Promote the progress of science and the useful arts, by sectring by legislation for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective inventions and dis- coveries, and to also make all laws which might be necessary and proper for carrying into exe- cution such power, THE ORIGINAL PATENT LAW. In pursuance of this constitutional permis- sion, and on the 10th day of April, 1790, the first statute upon this subject was enneted by Congress, This legisiation prov that upon receiving pr the Sveretary of “Department of Wa . eral, or any two of these ministers, might cause to be made out in the name of States to “bear teste” by the Presi- United States, and granting to the s, administra- etc., for any term not exceeding fourteen are, the sole aud exciusive right of making, pscructing, using, and vending bis invention or discovery. Luts act also required every such patentee at the time of re lug the grant to deliver for permanent retention, in addition to his speciti- cation in writing, a model of the thing invented, pation shouid adit of petitioner (the inventor), his he tor ¥ enactment of this stat- util the year 1836 our patent system, like giand. and. indeed, of permitted an appli= cant for pa oO obtain the same upon sit dling the usual application and model and pay ng the fee, leaving the question of novelty and usetniness, in case of any controversy, to be thercafter settled by the courts, ahis system of things obtained until the year at which time a thoroagh and complete ion of the entire legislation upon the sub- ject was had. A Committee of the Senate was appointed upon motion of Senator Kuggles, of Maine, and this Committee, af wausiive Xamination, and on the 23 of April, is36, made a report, and presented a bil for the entire reorganization of the Patent Office, which bill became a law on the 4th day of the following July, and of wiich law no greater commendation need be suggested than the fact that it to-day remains upou the statute books in nearly all its essential features absolutely unchanged, . du Uteir report the Committee called atten- tion to the tact that for more than forty years che Department of State had been issuing pat- enis on every application without examiuation iuto the merits or novelty of the invention, ond they earuestly urged a radical reformation wn that regard, Notwithstanding the facilities with which ents were Obtained from the time of the enactment of tie first state until the enact- ment of the last statute above referred to, a eriod of forty-six years, but 11,348 patents i been granted, This statute of i8s6changed whole system and the whole theory upon which patents had been theretofore granted, Loetters-patent could no longer be obtained for the simple asking; an applicant was not only re- quired to state upon oath that he verily believed uuimself to be the original and first inventor of the device which he sought to patent, and hat he did not kuow or beiieve that the same was ever known before or used, but the Conmissioner of Patents, whose ottice was created by this statute, was required to make or cause tobe made Xumination end satity bimseli that the appli- cant was the original and first inventor, and that no part of that which was claimed to be new had been before in- vented or discovered; aud when satisfied, first, that the invention tor which patent was sought was novel and useful; second, that the same had r been patented or described in any petuted publication, and third, that the appli- cant Was the original and first inventer, then the grant should be made, MODELS OF INVENTIONS. But the proper solution of the question to which I was invited to address myseif does not demand that l-hould follow further the history of the Patent Office, or of the legislation in its bebaid; 10as suincient in that regard to say that from the time of the enactment of the first statute upon the subject until the year 1870 every arpiicant for patent was required to fur- nish with his application “a model of his in- veution, in all cases which admitted of a repre- seutstion by a model, of @ convenient size to exhibit advantagcon-ly its several parts.” In parsuance of this provision many thousands of models have been furnished, In the fall of 1877 nearly one hundred thous- and models had accumulated, been retained, and were on hand, At that time a disastrous fire occurred which destroyed great numbers of them, Seven years before. however, as sug- gested a moment ago, the statute which had been in existence so long, and under the re- quirements of which this Vast accutnulation of models has occurred, was amended, so that thereafter no applicant for patent was required to furnish a model to illustrate his invention, uniess the same should be specially require vy the Commissioner after the reception of the ,pplication, This provision of law has re- «mained ever since aud is now in force, There were the best of reasons for this enact- ment: In the first piace, models were accumu- lating so rapidly that the question of where the room should be found tor their preservation and exhibition had become a serious one. In the second place, the method of preparing, eserving ,and reproducing drawings had, in neantime, been greatly improved upon, 80 much go that in the vast inajority of cases no illustration by model was necessary; and, in the third place, the preparation of a model was asually the most expensive part of the applica- tion, and entailed upon the applicant a larg xpense, Since the enactment of this last- mentioned statute, as a matter of course, the wenmulation of models has been comparatively slow. MODELS ON EXHIBITION, The great “World's Industrial and Cotton Centennigl Exposition,” which opened at New Orleans on the first day of December, 1884, and closed on the Ist day of the following June, will be remebered by all, At that great expo- sition the Patent Office was represented, 600 working models were furnished by the Patent Office and exhibited there. in the summer of 1834 my predecessor, the then Commissioner of Patents and Commis- sioner for the Department of the Interior of this exposition, issued a circular calling upon the leading machine manutacturers of the conntry to furnish gratuitonsly a “small work- ing model” which would show the development 0! the particular invention or art illustrated by such machine, and promising to exhibit the sme, in connection with other exhibits, for the urpose of illustrating the “progressive stages 'o! the different industrial arts.” Of course the fivld was so immense that the Commissioner was compelled to confine himself to those which Were supposed to be“‘conspicuously prominent,” and in Which the generai pubtic felt the great- est interest. Notwithstanding the lateness of the invitation the responses were prompt and hearty; hundreds of working models from hun- dreds of the leading manufacturers of the United States were furnished, all beautifully constructed, many costing hundreds of dollars, and at least one of them several thousand dol- lars. Arrangements were easily made and the power supplied for the exhibition of the work- ing capacity of these models, and it is an es- tablished fact that this part of the exposition attracted great attention and was, no doubt, ‘productive of great good, Judging from this experience among other things, I have no doubt myself that, in addi- tion to the exhibit which could and amo d would be made at your contemplated Expoai ton by and on behalt of the Patent Office, thousands of working models which would ex- hibit the perfection of the art in most of the leading industries of the country would be gladly and gratuitously furnished for uent exhibition by the parties interested, and indeed 1 have no doubt that they would esteem it a privilege to be allowed so to do. GUOWTH OF THE PATENT OFFICE. Icannot refrain, in closing, from inviting attention to a few statistical facts: On the 3lst day of July, in 1790, the first patent ever ‘anted in this country was issued to one uel Hopkins. During that year but three patents were issued. I have already told you that during the succeeding forty-five years the aggregate number 11,348, ‘the cal- endar year 1837, first year after tion of the statute of 1836, 435 were issued. ii June 1886, the number of patents issued was 25, aployment of ais persons all tld, anide employment m8, > Commissioner ‘of Patents, and Febeis i i the bret en after the expiration of half a century, there are employes of ‘ord Patent ol surrounds us as light and sir it is one of our greatest blessings, and yet we pass it by w thout thought * ° * a inventive skill is = ape a __ Progress and growth. I say the policy which found expression in the Constitution of the United States when this clouse was enacted giving Con; power to promote the oo science and useful arts F securt for limited times to authors authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writi and discoveries, has been the policy that fas built up this fair fabric, * * © Subtract invention from the causes which have led to our growth and our randeur, and vou remit our people to the con- ition of the people of Italy, of Switzerland, of Russia, If knowledge is power, invention is prosperity, “And now, sir, while it is undonbted! that to this liberal and enlightened pol largely due the present advanced and prosper- ous condition of the different industrial arts, it is, after all. only typical of the whole structure, | the product of a tree people and of our en- lightened institutions, “Indeed, sir, when oue | permits himself to contemplate and speculate upon the situation, npon the stupendous possi- bilities, upon the reasonubie probabilities in the’) not distant future of this our beloved country he becomes almost jost in bewilderment at ite | vastness, grande assured.” Who of us does not feel that the declaration of Mr. Phillips was prophetic when, with his splendid eloquence, he delared that “the youn, America will yet soar to be what Athens was; that “when the European column shall have mouldered and the night of barbarism obscured its very ruins this migity continent will emerge and he cannot doubt that the and glory of its future is absolutely from the horizon to rule for its time sovereign of the ascendaat,” Is it not true that “we stand today in the gateway of a most marvellous fu- ture?” In the fulfilment of this glorious destiny, in the accomplishment of this mighty work, “shall we forget, shall we negiet the system which bas enabled us to outstrip our competitors, or shall we rather perfect and develop it, that through its perfection and development we may attain still grander results?” In conclusion, ir. President, I have no hesi- tation in declaring that. in my opinion, in the accomplishment of the great work in which you and your colleagues are now engaged, no one thing will more tend to its complete and perfect success than a thorough, well-prepared, und intelligent “exhibit of working models of American inventions,’ APPENDIX B. Usrtep States Esorxxee Orrice, Wasmixorox, D.C., January 7, 1890, Atex. D, Axpenson, Secretary Board of Promotion, Parlor 10, Willard’s Hotel, Washington, D.C. Sm: In reply to your oral inquiries in regard to the depth of water available for vessels be- tween the mouth of the Potomac River and Washington, D.C., I have to state that, from the mouth of the river to Kettle es thirty (30) feet can be carried af low tide. Over the Ket- tle Bottoms there is an available depth of about twenty-one (21) feet at low tide, or about twenty-two and one-half (22!¢) feet at bigh tide. From Kettle Bottoms to Maryland Point there is ample draft for the largest vessels. From Maryland Point to Deep Point there is about twenty-one (21) feet at low tide, or about twenty-two and one-half (22's) fect at high tide, At Deep Point there is a shoal on which there is _a depth of nineteen (19) feet at low tide, or twenty and one-half (20';) feet at high tide. From thence to Gie~boro Pomt there 1s am available depth of from twenty-four to twenty-seven (24 to 27) feet at low tide, Along Crmsxe Sar Or Unnoisrenr, FANCY GOODS, BASKETS, FTC. 1,500 FANCY BASKETS at 10 por cent discount from marked prices, 145 JAPANESE SCREENS, gold and silk eubrotd- ered, at 10 per cent off marked prices, 200 FANCY TABLES in Cherry, Antique Oak, Brass | 8nd Onyx at 10 per cent disount Ail of our EASELS. including Brass. Cherry, Walnut, Antique Oak, Ebony and Bauboo, at 10 per cent dis- count from marked prices. 145 pairs PORTIERES, 15 different stylea, tun Jength and width, best quality, imported Chentile, fie- ured and plain tops. Former prices #8, 9.75. $10.59 and $12. Your choice now for €7 pair. 47 pairs of IMPORTED CHENILLE CURTAINS, suitable for single doors and windows O14 price $5.98. Price now $4.25 per pair, 300 pairs of odd LACE CURTAINS at 20 percent off marked pricom, These are sample Curtains and we have only one pair ofa pattern. Prices @1 to @7. All of our BRUSSELS POINT, IRISH POINT, BRUSSELS NET, CLUNEY, ANTIQUE, KENAIS- SANCK, EGYPTIAN APPLIQUE, TAMBOURE, SWISS, IMITATION BRUSSELS, RUSSIAN NOT- TINGHAM CURTALNS, at prices #0 low that you will be astonished, 600 TINSEL TAPESTRY TABLE OOVERS, lis yards square, beavily fringed all around, at 890. each. FLANNEL PIANO COVERS, $2.08 to $7 each, Special sale prices in CHENILLE COVERS, 82.05 to $7 each. Special sale prices in CHENILLE COVERS, 1 yard square, 72c.; 134 yards square, $1.48. 2yardssquara $3.37; Quip yards, 84.39, 2x3 yards, 05.25, ‘Compare these prices well with others, Full line of PLUSH, VELVET. VELOUR, SILK TAPESTRY, DERBY SATIN and TAPESTRY @OOD3 At prices that make them special bargaing, 450 REMNANTS OF FURNITUKE COVERINGS in JUTE, TAPESTRY, &e., at 590. a yard, in leneths suitable for Chair and Lounge Covers, Other TAPESTRY bangains are $4.50 goods for $3; $4 goods for $2.25, €3 goods for $1.75, and so tt goes throughout the line, which is full of big values, CHINA SILK, 85e. a yand, 29 S30FA CUSHIONS will go for 890. exch. 125 STAMPED APRONS from 196. to 250. each, 460 DRAWN SPLASHERS, stamped in newest do- signs; reduced from 5c. to 18c. the wharves in Washington there is about twenty (20) feet at low tide. The depth in the river could be increased to twenty-four (24) teet at low tide by deepening on Kettle Bottoms and between” Moryiand Point and Deep Point, the cost of which would not, in my opinion, exceed about $200,000, This is not an estimate, but a guess, There is ample harter capacity between Washington and Alexandria for an immense fleet, Very respectfully, Peter C. Harxs, Lieut. Colonel, Corps of Eugineers, THE MASONIC VETERANS, The Company that Will Gather at a Dinner Next Thursday. Messrs. W. 8. Roose and John R. Thompson, stewards of the Masonic veteran association of the District, have arranged for the annual din- ner of the association at the National hotel next Thursday evening. The officers of the association are: President, Albert Pike; first vice president, William W. Upton; second vice president, Clement W. Bennett; secretary, Abner T. Longley; treasurer, Ezra L. Steven: stewards, William 8. Roose and John R. Thomp. son. To be eligible for membership one wust have reached his majority by having been a Mason for twenty-one years, The present roll of members, most of whom will sit down to the dinner next Thursday, is as follows: Geo, B. Abrams, Thos, Adams, Dr. Charles Allen, J. F. R. Appleby, Algernon A, Aspin- wall, Robert Ball, W. 8. Ballard, Geo. W. Bal- loch, Morris Barnett. H.W. Barrett, Joseph Barton, James H. Bel!, Clement W, Benuett, HH. W. Birge, Asaph L. Biiss, Benj. W. Browne, Wm. B. Brown, Andrew K. Browne, John Mills Browne, P. H. Branson, D. 8. Burnham, David L. Cailisher, John J. Carroll, William W. Case, Jonathan W. Childs, Wm. P. Cole, J. 8.Crocker, Wm. H. Crosby, Thos. B. Cross, K. F. Crowell, J. D. Cumming, Jobn W. Dani Wm. W. Davis, Archibald R, Dick, John N. Dickson, M. A. Dillon, A. ‘I. C. Dodge, R. B. Donaldson, Thomas Dowling, Anton Eberly, Watson W. Eldridge, Samuel Emery, Thomas C. Evans, Wm. H. Faulkner, Chester R. Faulkner, O. 8. Firman, Chus. Fisher, Robert L Fleming, Weston Flint, Lambert T. Follansbee, John A. Foos, Chas. H. Fowler, Adam Gaddis, Geor; H, Gaddis, Wm. Gaddis, Joseph Gawler, David Gibson, Wm. Gibson. Stephen F. Gill, Richard Goodhart, Wm. H. Goods, Burgess K. Gladman, George Gibson, John Gibson, Benj. F. Gilbert, T. F. Green, H. L Gregory, Jno. W. Gray, Goff A. Hall, C. W. Hancock, R. W, Hardy, J. H. Hartley. Dr. Thomas E. Hatch. am J. Ha) Louis Heilbrun, William H. Henderson, H. M. Higbee, Joseph F. Hodgson, Alexander H. Holt, Peter H. Hooe, Frank T, Howser, Emil Huck, Geo. Hunter, Jumes M. Hodges, George W. Hascall, W. E. Hutchinson, Robert L, Hamilton, William Helmus, Edwin 8, Holmes. John P. Jefferis, Winfield 8. Jenks, Daniel T. Johnson, Daniel Johnson, George J. Jobuson, Jefferson H. Jennings, Geo, D, Ken- ner, Herman Koppel, Geo. W. Knox, Audrew W. ‘Kelley, BF. Larcombe, 8. T. Larcombe, Abraham B. Lascallette. John Lockie, A. T. Logan, Daniel J. Logan, Abner T. Longiey, Thomas G. Loockerman, Theo, L, Lamb, Geo, B. Loring, John Jay Little,Wm. Henson Libby, Jobn Newton Minnix, Edward B. spree Granville Mason, B. P. Mimmack, Daniel P. Macarty, Benj. P. McKnew, Daniel McFarland, Jas, H. Mclutosh, Wm. Mertz, John A. Mil burn, Frederick Mohl, James W. Moore, W. H. Myers, Charles Neal, George E. Noyes, Rev. E. D, Owen, Myron M. Parker, Daniel L. Pitcher, Albert Pike, Dr. Wm. Pittis, H. J. Playtor, Geo. W. Pratt, Jas. H. Pelson, Chas. HL » William 8. Roose, William Oscar Roome, Jobn J. Rupli, John H. Russell, John W. Ross, Henry E. Riley, Valentine Ruebram, E. Salter, A. J. Sanderson, Thomas K. Scheller, Ernst Schmid, Aug. Schroeder, Columbus F. Shekell, William H. Sibley, Wm. R. Singleton. Wm. T. Spencer,Wm. R. smith, sr., Dr. Josbua O, Stanton, W. J. Stephenson, Ezra L. Stevens, Leonard Stoddard, David G. Swaim, Fred W. Storch. C. B. Smith, Thomas Somerville, Alfred B. Talcott, Leroy M. Tayior, John R, Thompson, 1. 8. Ticheuor, James 8. Topham. Rev. John Trimble, Jas. H. Trimble, A. M. Tubman, Wm. W. Upton. Albert H. Van Deusen, Wm. Vau Vieck, Vanderhoef, John L. V Peter Vierbuchen, Frederick Webber, Wm. Wetzel, Wm. P. Wetherell, Edward J. Whipple, James W. White, (ose J. — . D. Wyvill Simon ‘shed Thos, E. Wood, Out-of-town members—Alex. G. Abell, Hon. Edward P. Allen, Jas. C. Batchelor, Heman Ely, John A. Do Robt. C. Jordan, Geo. T. Jones, John H. tates: Odell 8. Long, Jas. McKenzie, F. Miller, Jas. Bright Morgan, J. A. Thos. L. Paterson, Theo. 5. Parvin, Hon. SamL H. Pudney, Hon. Jas. D, Ritter Jas. Rue! A. Reed. Hon. Jas. D. Sayers, Hon. Chas. Stewart, Elwood E. Thorne, Philip C. Tucker, Jas, G, arg ed White, The list of members deceased the year ; John Christie, J. Brat, award padione tan Smith, HL G. Eichholtz, John N. Henry Bar- tonand Rev. Wm. A. Harris, 60 Dozen TINSEL CHAIR TIDIES reduced from BSe. to 220, 300 Yards of WORSTED and SILK FRINGE «1 ayer, Doren MANTEL LAMBREQUINS in Folt with Sik Embroidery at 70c. each. PLUSH TIDIES, COVERS, SCARFS, LAMBEI- QUINS, PIANO COVERS at astonishing prices Odds and Ends in SILK SCAKPS at prices to seli them, A few SILK HEAD RESTS will go for 69¢. each. SILK CORDS, ORNAMENTS. APPLIQUE FIG. URES, EMBROIDERY SILKS and sll FANCK GOODS at lowest possible prices. WHITE FUR RUGS for this anle only #1.09 each. BRASS CURTAIN CHAINS, 1 tge. 8 pair. BRASS CUBTAIN POLES. were 81. WOOD POLES with Brass Trimmings, 190. each, WINDOW SHADES, Spring Rovlers, complete, 2c. each. Better ones S0c.; with elexaut Gilt Dadoes, T5e. SHADES to order put up by skilled workmen. All mmpleto, SYe. each; work guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Come to us for anything in UPHOLSTERY or FANCY GOODS, you will find it here at the lowest prices possible, THIRD FLOOR OFFERING. About 200 dozen GENTS' LAUNDERED SHTRTS, fine linen bosom and bands, good quality cotton well made, at the low Sizure of 48c. Regular value, 90c, and 81. ‘This offeris s «reat SPECIALTY, and we, therefore call the atteytion of the public not to let this oppor- tunity pass without taking sdvantace of it S cases of SICILIAN CLOTH REMNANTS, in quan- tity from 2 to 10 yards; new styles; warrauted per- fect. Only Sc. per yard. Real value, 12%0. We offer our entire stock of MIKK ORS, PHOTO- GRAPH FRAMES, ALBUMS, TOILET and MANI- CURE SETS, WORK BOXES snd all items belonging in this line at cost, as our iutention is to close out our Art Department. It will certainly pay you to call and Look at this stock. In order to reduce our stock of GENTS' CARDIGAN JACKETS we will allow a special discount of 1236 per cent for 30 days only. Small Lot of Nottingham LACE TIDIES, PILLOW SHAMS, CHAIR COVERS, &. Beautiful designs, at 12i¢e., 18¢., 20, and 5c, which is half their former value. A General Lineof DRESS GOODS REMNANTS, con- sisting of avery large variety, in half and all wool goods, at half price, Three Cases of GERMAN FEATHER-TICKING REMNANTS, suitable lengths, warranted positively to be feather proof. Only 12i¢c; regular value, 250. ‘We have marked down our General Stock of CLOAK- INGS and CASSIMERES, and it would be to your in- terest to call and look at our stock before purchasing elsewhere, 100 Dosen of Gent's LINEN COLLARS, different styles, only 100. esch: regular value, 1 2}¢0. Lo ARES = BURGH . ER ‘ § 3-2

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