Evening Star Newspaper, November 9, 1889, Page 8

9, 1889—TWEL Tee VE PAG | and the THE CATHOLIC CENTENNIAL. A HUNDRED YEARS OF GROWTH tenes TO BE IMPRESSIVELY CELEBRATED. ———_ A Great Gathering of Prelates, Priests and Laymen, How the Establishment of the First American See Will be Commemo- rated—The History of the Arch- diocese From Bishop Carroll to Cardinal Gibbons—The Cathedral and Its Memories. <n ‘The Catholic centennial celebration at Balti- More tomorrow will bring together the largest assemblage of clergy and dignitaries of the Catholic church that has ever been held in this country. More than that, in all the history of the church there has been but one assemblage | -equal to it in the world. The full importance | Of this occasion is hardly appreciated by the public. It can scarcely be too much magnified. None of the great councils of the chureb at which have been discussed articles of faith; where momentous questions affecting the very life of the church almost, and having influence over the whole of Christendom, have been con- sidered solemnly and decided by the wisest men of the faith. have been greater in magnitude than is this, which is an occasion of rejoic- ing only, having no problems to solve, no dif- ferences to adjust and no contentions to settle. It is a thing of no little importance to consider that such an assemblage, rivaling the greatest in the Catholic countries of Europe, should be held in America just one hundred years after the establishment of the diocese on this soil. Catholics all over this country and in the seat of the power of the church, at Rome, are alive to the importance of the occasion and realize the significance of its bearing upon the growth and progress of the church ina free country. It iokeews that the pope takes a deep interest fm the celebration, as is shown by his sending A PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE from Rome to take partin the ceremony. This is the most he has ever done for the most im- portant councils of the church. The ovject of the celebration is to review the past history of the charch in this country and to inspire greater activity and progress in the future. In connection with the centennial celebration, which properly occurs on Sunday, is held the Catholic congress, where will be read and dis- cussed numerous papers on important sub- jects, and finally the dedication of the new Settone university at Washington, which is re- garded as a most important event in the ad- Yancement of the church. They thus review the past, discuss the future needs of the church in this country and lay the fonddation fora eater advancement inthe higher learning. hey expect the new university to be the sign ef an epoch. THE CATHEDRAL. Heretofore the Catholics in this country have devoted their attention chiefly to the lower masses of the people, and the promotion of the highest education has been chiefly under the auspices of Protestants. They expect the es- tablishment of this university to be the begin- ning of a new era and that they will gain some- thing like the prestige in the pursuit of the higher learning in this country that they have enjoyed in European countries. Every great institution of learning in Europe, under what- ever control it may now be, was at first estab- lished by the Catholics; while in this country mite the reverse has been the case. They feel at the time has come for the dawning of a new era and that this is the occasion, THE CENTENNIAL. ‘The occasion of their rejoicing at the growth of the Catholic church in America during the century is pointed out by Cardinal Gibbons in his pastoral letter on the subject of the cele- bration. “When Bishop Carroll Was comsecrated in 1780,” he says, “the en- tire popniation of the United States was a lit- ue less than four mill- ions, freemen and slaves included. The Catholic population, was esti- mated at ‘bout forty thousand. A small but xeroie band of thirty riests, almost exclu- ively belonging to the society of Jesus, minis- P tered to this scattered flock. There was nota single hospital or asy- lum throughout the land. Churches there Were none, unless we designate by that title the few modest houses of worship erected in Catholic settle- ments, chiefly in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Georgetown college, just then founded, was the only Catholic ‘seat of learning in the country. uch isatrue picture of the past. Let us now glance at the present. Thanks to the Diessings of an overruling Providence, and to | the beneficent character of our civil and polit- | ical institutions, the population of the United States has grown within a century from four to sixty-five millions of people as happy and con- tented as any that move on the face of the ARCHBISHOP CARROLL. earth. “And, thanks to the fructifying influence of the Holy Spirit and to the liberty we enjoy, the progress of the church hastmore than kept pace With the material development of the country. There is now embraced within the territory of the United States a C:tholic population of about nine millions. There are 13 archbishops and 71 bishops. 4.000 priests, 10,500 churches and chapels, 27 seminaries, exclusively devoted to the training of candidates for the sacred ministry; there are 650 colleges and academies for the higher education of youth of both sexe: and 3,100 parish schools. here are 520 hos- pitals and orphan asylums, where every form of human misery and intirmity is alleviated and where children of both sexes are rescued from spiritual and temporal wretchedness and are reared to become useful and honorable members of societ: THE PROGRAM. The centennial celebration proper will be on Sunday at the cathedral, where pontificial mass will be celebrated at 11 o'clock. This will be the grandest of many grand events that have occurred in this oldedifice. Clergy and bishops and cardinals of the church of Rome are now assembled at itimore for the celebration. ‘Tomorrow there will be some three hundred riests, about eighty-five bishops and arch- shops, coming from all parts of this country, and two cardinals present to take part in the eeremon: At 10 o'clock in the morning the procession will form on the street below the cathedral and march to the cathedral, the cardinals marching under a canopy held by members of a Catholic @rganization that acts as @n escort. The occasion | the services, | bishops, archbishops and priests of America, Pope's representative sent from Rome, besides the priests, seminarians and lesser functionaries, who will be largely represented. On reaching the church the cardi bishops and clergy taking part in the services will pro- ceed to the robing room and don such robes and vestments as their rank and the part they take in the service renders appropriate. Pon- tifical mass will be celebrated by Mort Rev. John Joseph Williams, D.D., archbishop of |, assisted by other high dignitaries of the church. The ar of Philadelphia, Most Rev. P. J. Ryan, D.D., will deliver the sermon. PRINCES OF THE CHURCH. Besides the throne of Cardinal Gibbons, which is at the right of the main altar, there have been erected two other thrones, one for Cardinal Taschereau eae other for the archbishop of to, Most Rev. Trace eat tolli, who attends as the personal representative of the pope. The last named throne is much bei a than the others and occupies a position Q} at the most extreme left of the sanctuary. The throne of Cardinal Taschereau is between this and Cardinal Gib- bons’ throne, just at the left of the main altar. These three most high ARCHBISHOP ECCLESTON. dignitaries of the church, in their gorgeous robes, will occupy the three thronts within the sanctuary during Gathered about them will be the and assembled in the cathedral will be the largest concourse of people that has ever been crowded into a building of its size. The seating capacity of the edifice is set at 1.400, but on one occasion 5,000 people were assembled within its walls. Fully 4s many are expected to crowd all the standing and seating space on this occasion, and the Streets in the vicinity of the cathedral will pay be blocked with people who will not e able to gain admission. Ouly pew-holders and those having tickets will be admitted, but tickets enough have been issued already to more than fill the edifice to fts utmost capacity. One of the galleries has been reserved for the press, tickets being issued sparingly to the representatives of the various papers that have applied. ‘The services at the pontifical mass will prob- ably last until after 1 o'clock. Then at 7:30 in the evening there will be pontifical vespers. The archbishop of Milwau Most Rev. Michael Heiss, D.D., will be célebrant and the | sermon will be by Most Rey. John Ireland, D.D., archbishop of St. Paul. THE CATHOLIC CoNoRESS, On Monday the Catholic congress will be | opened. Pontifical mass will be celebrated at | the cathedral at 9 o'clock by Archbishop Corri- gan of NewYork and Archbishop Gross of Oregon will deliver the sermon, The congress will then be opened at Concordia hall at 10:30 o’clock. The order of business will be: 1, Called to order by the chairman of the | committee on organization. Cablegramto holy | father. 2. Prayer. 3. Nomination of trig eee Gov. Jobn Lee Carroll, Marylan the temporary president. 4. Nomination of temporary secretaries, 5. Report of committee on preliminary or- ganization. 6. Appointment of committee on credentials, Appointment of committee of rules. Appoint- ment of committee on permanent orguniza- tions. Appointment of committee on resolu- tions. Appointment of committee on future congresses. Appointment of committee to wait on his eminence Cardinal Gibbons, Appoint- ment of committee on the President of the | United States, ‘The second session will begin at 3 o'clock in the afternoon of Monday. Then will be re- ceived the reports of committees. The officers will be elected and installe be read and discussed. The reading and dis- cussion of papers will be continued at the | morning session of the second day, The fol-| lowing are important papers that will be read | and discussed : 1. “Catholic congresses,” John G. Shea. 2. “Lay action in the church.” H. F. Brownson. | 3. “What Catholics have done in this country resident, ex- ‘Address by | in the lust one hundred years,” Richard H. | Clarke. 4. “The Catholic press,” Geo, D. Wolff. 5. “The right of the state in ednea- tion,” Edmund F. Dunne. 6. “Sunday observ- ance,” Manly Tello. 7. “Chureh music,” Her- ” John H.’Camp- man Allen. 8. ‘Temperance,’ bell. 9. I .” Peter L, Foy. 11. | Henry J. Spaunhorst. 12. “Papal nce,” Charles J. Bonaparte. After the second session on the first day there 1 indepen¢ will be hall, b eception of the pi inning at 7:30 o'clock. the prelates, clerg: tes at Concordia | Addr and laity will be d by Hon. Charles B. Roberts and Martin F. Mor- ris of Washington, These will be replied to by Archbishop Elder of Cincinnati, At night there will be a grand spectacle, the whole city being illuminated, TUESDAY'S DEMONSTRATION, On Tuesday there will be morning and after- noon sessions of the congress, and at night | there will be a grand torchlight procession by the laity, in which Catholic societies from New | York, Philadelphia and other cities of the east, | south and west will take part. The cardinal’s palace will be illuminated and the church dig- nitaries will review the procession from the portico and balcony as it passes the palace marching down Charles street, This proces- sion is expected to make a grand display, THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY, The third day will be devoted to the dedica- tion of the new Catholic university at Washing- ton, All of the six or seven hundred delegates . to the congress, from nearly all the states in | the Union, and the riests, prelates and lignitariesof the church will take an early train to Washington Wednes- day morning to attend the dedication ceremo- my. This dedication is Pregarded as one of the | most important events in the history of the | Catholic church in this country. The dedica. tion will be by his emi nence James Cardéinal | Gibbons, and will occur at 10:30 o'clock. At 11 ARCHBISHOP KENRICK. o'clock pontificial mass will be celebrated by Archbishop Satolli of | Lepanto, with a sermon by Bishop Gilmour of Cleveland, At4o’clock in the afternoon the unive course will be formally opened with an oration by Bishop Spalding of Peoria. A Latin poem will be read by Prof. Schroeder, HOW THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BELPED, The infidels in Paris spread the Catholic religion over the western contineat. The | persecutions of the reign of terror drove | learned men of the priesthood to this country | and scattered able missionaries over the new land. The rapid progress of the Catholic | church in Americ is to a degree due to the accession of these learned soon after the | establishment of the diocese of Baltimore. But perhaps the ‘philosophers of France,” the | intidels, do not deserve much eredit for what | they did without the good intention. Washington is very closely assoviated with the history of the dio- ese of Baltimore, Every poch in the history of hat diocese h marked permanently by an establishment of learning in the District of Columbia. The for- mation of the diocese was marked by the es- tablishment of — thi Georgetown college; they introduction of religious communities of women into this country gave birth to the Convent of Visitation at George- town; now this centen- ARCHBISHOP BAYLEY. © e} tl founding and dedication university at Washington. In after years the history of the church may be read monuments at the national and papers will | 5 largely through his efforts. He at once in- terested himself in the advance nent of this in- stitution and in the establishment of wtigy 3 tian seminary in Maryland to suppl; church with missionaries to establ the eburch throughout the country and give the necessaty instruction to the Catholics scattered here and there, But he soon got from another source all the learned priests whose services were so much needed. reign of terror in France drove many of the French clergy of high learning to this country. Bishop Carroll then multiplied the missions and extended the work of the church far beyond the boundary of Maryland into New England, Kentucky and the territories of the far west, ‘THE FIRST PRIEST ORDAINED, The spread of the church was still farther as- sisted by the arrival of many learned priests during the period from1791 to 1798. In 1793 the first priest ordained in this country— Stephen Baden—entered the priesthood at Bal- timore. Before that, in 1791, a synod was held at Baltimore attended by twenty ecclesiastics and the pope was asked to divide the United States into several dioceses and to appoint a coadjutor to assist Bishop Carroll in his rapidly multiplying duties. In 1800 Father Leonard Neale was appointed coadjutor. Many Catho- lies were driven into America from San Do- mingo, and the church was greatly augmented by immigration from Europe and by conver- sions. Bishop Carroll devoted himself to the re-establishment of the Order of Jesuits, to which he himself had belonged, and he had the satisfaction of seeing the Georgetown college develop into a great institution of learning. It was in the year of his death that this insti- tution was chartered by Congress as a univer- sity. Until1790 there was no female order in ‘this countr: In that year four Carmelite nuns were brought here by Bishop Neale, Two years later sdme of the ‘oor Clare sisters of France took refuge in Maryland and in 1801 bought property in Georgetown for a con- vent. They did not re- main, however, but in 1805 transferred their roperty to Bishop Neale and_returned to Europe. The Order of the Visitation was then * founded in the convent : “* and academy in George- CARDINAL GIpnoxs town, which stands to- day. In 1814 there were thirteen sisters in this convent. From that time forward many churches and institutions of learning and charity were established in different parts of the country, The indomitable energy of Bishop Carroll spread the religion in all direetions. In 1806 the corner stones of three churckes were laid in Baltimore alone and in 1808 there were eighty churches in the diocese. The pope then saw a necessity for a division of the dio- cese and the appointment of more bishops. A METROPOLITAN SER. On the 8th of April, 1808, Baltimore was raised to the rank of metropolitan see and four suffregan bishoprics were erected—in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Bardstown. Bishop Carroll was then raised to the dignity of archbishop. He had formed a national clergy. After Archbishop Carroll's death, in 1815, Bishop Neale became archbishop, serving for about two years, when death called him from his duties, and Ambrose Marechal, who had been named his coadjutor, was consecrated archbishop in 1817, Archbishop Neale’s re- mains lie in the chapel in the Convent of Vis- itation, in Georgetown, that institution having been founded through his efforts. Growing up from almost nothing under the liberalizing influences of this free country, the Catholic church in the United States was built on a broader and more liberal foundation than was possible in any foreign country. As it grew in strength it increased in liberality. The laity became more independent under Protes- tant influences and in the presence of the per- 1 freedom of the people of the re- This was felt more especially durin the period that Marechal was archbishop, and it was watched with some apprehension at first, but the wisdom of the heads of the church in this country taught them to adjuet themselves to their surroundings and the conditions under which they subsisted, and the result was the greater liberalizing of the church rule. ‘This problem was one that especially taxed the wis- dom or ay Marechal. “ Meanwhile the diocese was still further divided and the brauches of the church extended. Archbish azechal was succeded on his death by Archbishcp Whitfield in 1828, Dr. James Whittield was succeeded upon his death, in 1834, by Rev. Samuel Eccleston, and it was during his administration, 1349, that the pope wasinvited to seek an asylum in Balti- more. By the pontifical bricté of August 9, 1350, the Baltimore diocese was again divided, the archbishop of Baltimore retaining as his | suffragans only the bishops of Philadelphia, Richmond, Wheeling, Savannah, Charleston and Pittsburg. Archbishop Eccleston was succeeded upon his death, in 1851, by Right Rev. Francis P. Kenrick, who was transferred to this see from Philadelphia and who was appointed apostolic legate vo preside at the national council of the entire upiscopate of the United States, By a decree of the propaganda of July 1858, the prerogative of place was granted to the sce of Baltimore, so that in councils, assemblies and meetings of every kind precedence was given to the arch- bishop of Baltimore and the seat of honor above every other archbishop, without regard to order of promotion or consceration, Arch- bishop Kenrick died in 1863 and was succeeded by Bishop Spalding of Louisville, whose death oceurred-in 1872, when Archbishop Bayley was appointed to the diocese. Upon his death, in ‘77, he was succeeded by Archbishop, now Cardinal Gibbons. The first national council of the clergy of the United States metin the Baltimore cathedral May 9, 1 Archbishop Kendrick presiding. ‘The second ‘plenary council was held in 1866, Archbishop Spalding presiding, and the third lenury council was held in 1884, presided over fs Archbishop Gibbous and attended by four- teen archbishops and sixty bishops. INTERIOR OF THE CATHEDRAL. The old cathedral in which the centennial celebration will be held has a varied and inter- esting history. It is older than the diocese of which it is the central edifice, if its ancestor, Little St. Peter's, is to be included in speaking of the greater edifice. The ground on which it stands, half a square in extent, was practi- cally donated for the purpose of a church by Charles Carroll of Carrollton in 1770, and on it was erected a mod brick building of -about 25 by 30 feet, wh was known as St. Peter's church. Before it was completed the contractor in charge of the work fai 3 owing $1,200. The church was seized for this debt and locked up until about 1775. A suit was brought against the pope at Rome for the debt, which was, of course, never successful. Services were held in private houses during the time the church was locked up. But finally the build- ing was taken by an armed force in an unex- pected manner and turned over to the congre- [sere Some continental soldiers were in timore under the command of Capt. Gil- breith. Some of them were Catholics and they ve permission one Sunday to ° to church. y went to the little brick building and found it locked, They learned the cause and at once formed a company and marching to the house of the creditor, who held the key, they demanded that the church be opened at once, The man, it appears, was under soho to take him prisoner. being a tory and when he saw the thought they intended 5 he found they wanted only the key to the church and he rendered it, He was relieved when to attempt to again. Later the debt wen paid the revolution .mass was somét attended theraby the soldiers, and on one grand mass was celebrated there with before he became bishop—and until 1806 was the cathedral. In t year Bishop Carroll Isid the corner stone of the — structure and work progressed uj building until interrupted by the war of 1812, It was then suspended until the close of that war. Work was resumed in of the building was com d and lor occu; in 1821, It is ert Genera Iraporingo » without having anything especially beantiful about its exterior. In style it is Grecian Ionic. The ground plan looks as if it might have been de- signed to represent a cross with a circle en- closing the arms. It is built of di: porphy- ritic granite, with white veins, like marble, showing here and there as a blotch upon the dark gray stone. At the main front is a massive portico, supported by heavy Ionic columns, ‘The central part of the building is surmounted by a large dome, at the top of which is a cross, At the forward corners are two towers or mina- rets of Turkish mosque. To increase the massive appearance of the building the broad sides are almost without windows, en- tablatures of stone merely marking the outline where the openings would be looked for. The only windows are small narrow slots in the granite that attract little or no attention. The outward length of the structure, including por- tico, is 190 feet; width, including arms of cross, 177 feet; height from floor to the summit of the cross which surmounts the dome, 127 feet. From the intersection of the arms with the body of the cross, and supported by pillars of corresponding size and form, springs the grand dome. It is 205 feet in circumference on the interior and 231 on the exterior. It was ALTAR OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN. dedicated by Archbishop Marechal in 1821, though not then cogpleted. It was renovated by Archbishop Spalding in 1855, and the pulpit was removed from its original position by the archepiscopal throne, and blodks of black marble were put in the wall in commemoration of the dead archbishops. On its fifty-fifth art- niversary, in 1876, it was finally consecrated = @ casket of relics was placed in the main tar, Twelve of the most important councils of the church, including plenary councils, have been heldin this cathedral, and twenty-seven bishops have been consecrated at its altar. THE INTERIOR OF THE CATHEDRAL surpasses the exterior in grandeur. A better idea of its size is got from within. The high vaulted ceiling, supported by piers and heavy arches springing from the floor, gives an idea of great massiveness, while the frescoing and the oil paintings that hang from the walls give a somber richness tothe picture. Over the en- trance there is a gallery directly facing the altar, from which is got perhaps the finest view of the interior architecture of the edifice. Looking between the great square piers through a series of intersecting arches in the distance shines the white marble altar, before which burns perpetually the small red altar light ina golden lamp swung from the high arch above. The altar stands in # curved recess, hooded with a half dome and half surrounded by a semi-circle of Ionic columns. Behind the altar is a large cross, to which is nailed a plastic form of our Savior. On either side kneels an angel, in white marble. On the altar stand the candlesticks and im- mense wax candles. To the right, within the sanctuary, is the cardinal’s throne, overhung with a heavy canopy, and to the left has been erected toa similar throne fur Cardinal Tasche- reau and another for Archbishop Satolli. To the right and to the left of the main altar are two lesser altars, the handsomest of which is that of the Blessed Virgin. All three of the altars are behind an arcade, which, extending around in the form of a circle, forms the base of the grand central dome. all the arches unit- ing their mighty strength to support that heavy structure. Looking upward into this dome a flood of light comes from unseen win- dows, shining full upon a painting of Moses in the clouds, surrounded by cherubim, which covers the upper circle of the dome, BENEATH THE VAULTED CEILING cluster the hundreds of square, straight-backed pews, which appear diminutive by their sur- roundings, The ceiling and walls are fres- coed, and in some places gilding is used, but there is not much that is gorgeous or showy in the edifice. THE CRYPT. The tone is rather of severity made Braver by age. To the right of the dome is an odd little gallery where the organ is, and corresponding to it on the other side is the Sis- ters’ gallery. These galleries are in the little wings that form the arms of the cross, which the building generally outlines, The railin; about these galleries are very slender and old- fashioned and appear to be of mahogany. The galleries arc supported by small Ioniccolumns, ‘The“stations” around the walls, representing the trial, crucifixion and resurrection of the Saviour, were painted in Rome and presented to the cathedral. At either side of the entrance stands a holy water font and an angel of human size cutin marble. Further on are the confes- sionals. Two fine paintings that adorn the walls of the cathedral are greatly admired and valued highly. One represents ‘The Descent from the Cross,” and the other is Baron Steu- ben’s painting of Louis IX burying the dead of bis plague-stricken troops at Tunis in 1270, which was presented to the cathedral by Louis XVIII of France. ‘THE TOMBS IN THE CRYPT. Under ground, supporting this edifice, are heavy brick arches, forming weird and gloomy subterranean passages, turning in a perfect labyrinth, The arches run both ways, so that four arches from each base and the pas- sages are un whole extent of the ca- thedral, the arches hanging low and no light penetratii me ae save that shed by the candle cartled the exploration of the vaults, At the extreme end of underground cham- ber, under the , are the tombs of Archbishops Carroll, Marechal, Whitfield, Eo- cleson, Kendrick, and Spalding. The tombs of Archbishop Carroll and Archbishop Marechal are under the altar of the Blessed Vi within an odd series of brick arches. other tombs are under the main altar. It isa th yt i ving dsyight oe e 5 no rescbestt It GREW FROM THE GRAVE. An odd thing occurred in connection with the tomb of Archbishop Spalding. Some time ‘after his vault was sealed a plant sprung out of the brick masonry at the top of the little exooe that non Ea tas ta ‘of thetablet. There was no crack nor crevice, but the plant grew right out of the mortar between the bricks ithout breaking it. It shot out into branches and spread over quite a large space on the front of the tomb. It to bea lily, but, gro without all the leaves were fectly whi Agreat persons came to see it, and it grew on with until a bit of the outer foundation lant it died, leaving only an asan ivy will leave Sa ‘TRE CARDINAL's “PALACE” is inthe same inclosure with the cathedral, the two buildings standing back to back and front- ing on parallel streets. The palace was built later than the cathedral. It is a severely plain stone building of a dingy gray. Stone steps lead to the front door, at either side of which is a little white fluted column, the only thin; like ornamentation. Within is a large old- feshioned hall, on the walls of which hang some large old paintings of merit. The rooms on either side are large and square with very hig® ceilings. The entire place has a gloomy, quiet air. The hall goes directly through the house into a garden between the house and the cathedral, where there are two or three trees andawalk. This house isthe home of the cardinal, who is the head of the church in this country. —_——_+e+____ PEOPLE WHO BORROW MONEY. They Find the Dressmaker and the Sa- loon Keeper Very Useful. HOW SOME WOMEN PROVIDE THEMSELVES WITH POCKET MONEY—MEN WHO STINT THEIR WIVES BUT PAY THE MODISTE’S BILL—HOW THE SALOON KEEPER SUFFERS. “There are two classes of people who are ex- pected to lend money in small sums asa matter of course, without interest,” suid the man of “They are dressmakers and saloon “Dressmakers!” exclaimed Tae Star re- porter, in surprise, “I never heard of their lending money. “Probably not, inasmuch as it is a part of their business to keep the matter quiet. They do it all the same. I am speaking’of these ultra-fashionable dressmakers, of the sort only rich people can afford to patronize—who get rich themselves by charging fabulous prices for the stitches other women make at starva- tion wages. As arule they are not unwilling to lend money to their patrons, and the latter apply to them pretty frequently for such pecu- niary accommodation.” PAUPER WIVES OF RICH HUSBANDS. “But why should rich customers want to bor- row money?” “It is very simple. Women may have rich husbands and yet be in perpetual want of ready cash themselves, Your wealthy man is exceed- ingly apt to keep his wife shert of pin-money. There seems to be a notion very generally held by masters of families that women have no heads for the management of money, and so they begrudge their wives even a few pennies to spend as they like. while often willing to ex- pend upon them thousands of dollars a ngs A meaner form of niggardliness it would be difti- cult to imagine, inasmuch as the woman in the family partnership, though not produciug cash directly by her labor, does produce value in another shape, and she therefore has a right to some control of the family exchequer. But the husband, of the sort I speak of, chooses to con- sider that he makes all the money, and that, if he gives his wife any, it is almost’ a chsrity, In fact she has to as- sume the role of a beggar when- ever she wants a dollar. It is astonishing that any man who calls himself a gentleman should place his wife in such a position. As a matter of fact, however, a millionaire will often deny his wife money, giving her at the same time carte blanche at the milliner’s, the dress mak- er’s, the dry goods shop, the contectioner’s and elsewhere. Her bills, when they come in, are uid, though perhaps with a growl, and—from er husband's point of view—she is supplied with everything she can possibly pea At this, nevertheless, will not content a woman, if she have not a few dollars of her very own to buy things with; and it is working too hard for the dollars if her request for them is met by her husband with an astonished.query as to ‘what she did with all that silver he gave her last month,’ Ifis much easier to go to the dress- maker and say: ‘Just let me have $10, if you will be so kind, and add the amount to the bill < Wwrap when you send it to my QUITE A NEAT LITTLE FRAUD. “So that’s the way it’s done, is it?” “Exactly. The women who are able to employ these swell dreas makers are apt to have, with their husbands’ consent—for the men like to have their wives’ appearance do them credit—large ruaning accounts for gowns and such things. The ignorant male has no technical knowledge of matters of the sort; he casts his eye over the charges for materials, trimmings, linings and all kinds of mysterious fixings when the bilis come in, but as to the meaning of the details he is almost entirely in the dark, having no information whatever as to proper prices and perhaps remarking noth- ing save the likeness said bills bear to plumbers’ accounts in their manner of climb- ing up to almost any point by an ingenious addition of small items. I know a New York woman, the wife of a very rich man, who draws on her dress maker every year, by special ar- rangement, to the extent of $600 in quarterly sums. She gets half thatamount also from a dry goods merchant with whom she deals largely, and it is added to the bill, charged as ‘sundries,’ From other tradesmen she obs tains cash in the same way, and so she always has plenty of money to spendas she chooses, tis not very nice, nor very honest, I admit, but it is the stingy husband's fault chiefly. and hercaseis not #0 painful as that of another woman I know of, whose spouse is compelled to kneel ba toe his pantaloons while he says his prayers before going to bed, so that she shall not get at his pocket book. “Tshould think that the dress maker and other trades people would be afraid lest some embarrassment to them result from such an underhand performance.” “Why should they be? They are all right, whatever happens, The dress maker—and it is the same with the others—has the customer in her power under such circumstances. She makes herself in this way sure of her patron- age and can charge what she pleases. Her bills are paid promptly, including the cash ad vances, and she risks nothing, for the customer's husband is always legally responsible for the money debt. It has come to bea part of the Written for Tax Evexrre Stan, AMERICAN VS. EUROPEAN. An Expert’s Conclusions as to the Hotels of the Two Countries. THE HOSTEDLRIES OF THE UNITED STATES BEAT THE WORLD—A DESCRIPTION OF THE FAMOUS SEXI OF SWEDEXN—A DELICIOUS DESSERT FOR After a trip western and central Europe, in which I mage a special study of hotel affairs and delved industriously for new ideas in both cuisine and management, I am requested asa hotel man of some experience to give testimony in what might be termed the much argued case of American vs. European hotels. One of the chief objects of my journey ‘was to learn, I was filled witha desire to bene- fit by the aged experience of the bonifaces of Europe. I was anxious to acquire a knowledge which might benefit my business, Conse- quently I did not enter each foreign hostelry possessed in advance with a firm belief in American superiority, Yet it must be ad- mitted by the expert observer that so far as hotels are concerned the United States excels prt, er each don't a to mad that I ag 7 my eo nt ac quired much valaab le Teowtedge—bet the — _— rs mag be benefited much ore ‘Visitin, hoe conan” us than we can by inspecting STICKING TO THE OLD PROGRAM. Superior as our magnificently appointed pub- lic houses are to those of any other country, the difference must appear really greater than it is toa vast majority of American travelers, The manner in which they follow a long-beaten and constantly trodden path of travel is simply amazing to one who seeks tor something new— for something not enjoyed by the common run of mankind. The result of this sheeplike quality is that in European towns the Americans are found clustered together in one hotel, and that generally the largest, whereas even the most cursory examination will quickly show that not only can the people and their customs be better seen in the smaller hotels but those establishments are by far the best con- ducted. I found this pursuit of programed travel well illutrated ‘the moment I landed on the other side of the Atlantic. For in- stance, travelers by the North German Lloyd line are landed ut Dremerhafen, where they are kept waiting for hours and then forwarded to Bremen, from which point they can reach Ber- lin nine hours away. But why go to stupid Bremen,where there is nothing to see? Simply because the North German Lloyd company has made contracts for transportation by that route and deluded American travelers in crushing hordes obey the program in ignorance of the fact that if they journeyed by way of Hamburg perv f would find themselves just as near Berlin and in a beautifal, picturesque city containins a new hotel whose cooking is excellent an whose sanitury regulations are perfect, the lat- ter quality, by the way, being ndticeable as a rare exception in Europe. Perhaps I can make more clearly understood the conclusions which I reached as regards the comparative merits of American and hostelries if I refer first to two exceptions which only prove the general rule—if I give my enjoyable experience in the two best hotels in Europe. In view of my introductory re- marks it will scarcely cause surprise that these two are altogether beyond the customary path of tourist travel and are known to but a handful of Americans, As I have no expectation of changing the programed rush of my fellow- countrymen when abroad Icanspeak ay been freely of these two exceptions without being suspected of advertising motives. Besides in no other way can I illustrate my subject and give a fair decision. That is my apology. A SWEDISH HOUSE. I will mention first what I consider next to the best hotelin Europe. From Berlin I went by way of Stralsund, one of the old Pomeranian fortresses, to Malmo in Sweden, and there, despite other recommendations, I went to the Hotel Kramer. It is small but new and igvit- ing looking. I expected little and consequently my delight was the greater. My first surprise was immediately upon my arrival. In most European hotels the American traveler finds much cause for dissatisfaction in not being able to come into contact with the proprietor. He discovers that his comfort is dependent upon one man, the portier, a far different being from our hotel porter. On his good will de- pends thd igre He is a liveried official who is supposed to speak all languages and who welcomes the coming and speeds the parting guests. He isa high’ and mighty functionary who lives by fees. He not ouly receives no salary but in some houses he pays as high as from $150 to #500 for the privilege of holding his position. It is needless to speak of the evils which grow from such asystem. Above the portier is the director or manager, and in- accessibly far beyond him looms mistily the proprietor himself. Experience with this method of management made my delight ex- cessive when upon entering the hotel in Malmo I was greeted by both Mr. Kramer and his son, A bell was struck, boy appeared and disap- peared with my baggage and I never saw bim again during my stay. But I found the bag- gage in my room without an expectant youth with hand extended for a fee. When, however, I reached the head of the landing to which I was directed I found there awaiting me a neatly dressed muid. She escorted me to my apartments, which she opened; sbe brought lights and’ writing utensils and everything necessary to make @ guest comfortable, and, having inquired of Mrs. Boldt if she needed anything further, with- drew, after informing us that was always upon that landing, that a bell in the room would instantly summon her and that she was always at our command. My subsequent experience with this novel plan of service con- vinced me that it worked to absolute perfec- tion, Almost instantly upon the bell in the room being touched the neatly dressed maid appeared. There was no such delay as is caused by a bell boy wearily climbing flights of stairs, tumbling down them again and slowly reascending before anything can be obtained. I found that the maids on each floor were each in communication with the office by means of spedking tubes and dumb waiters. Livery morning the same maid placed before us an itemized account of our expenses in the hotel during the previous day, in order that any error might be corrected before entry upon the hotel books. It was really the most intel- ligent service I have ever seen, and if we could only obtain in this country for such employ- ment the quiet and genteel girls I thus found engaged in Sweden I would initiate that system in my hotels at once. It is hardly nec: to say, however, that when I have thought of adopting it I have been deterred by a know- iedae which needs no further explanation to American housewives, of the inherent evils of the system of domestic help in this country. IX THE DINING ROOM. When I entered the dining room of the Hotel Kramer I was received by the son of the proprietor and by him conducted toa table, I learned that the hotel was famous for its prepa- ee this country. Yet the hotel which can serve cooked dishes at such figures bas the is ite servitors, its furniture throughout of the _ solid mahogany and it is ouly ‘ted, in contradistinction to that or Germany where the [aig : iglly mold and serve cold with thick cold cream. e result is the best desert Lever tasted. Of course fresh fruit is preferable in making red AN AUSTRIAN WATERING PLACE. The best hotel I found in Europe was the Hotel Bauer at Ishi in Austria, which is the famous watering place where the Emperor Francis Joseph has his country seat, To tell how I happened across it involves a story which well illustrates the irony of the fate which be- falls so many hotel men of true creative genius, In Bremen | was quartered ata hotel which in its construction and equipment gave so much evidence of having been created by a man of modernized taste—that after all is the best taste, in hotel matters at least—that I inquired his name, I was told that it was Bauer, but that I could not see him because he had failed ers and fine bric-a-brac and gave evidence in furnishing of the most exquisite taste. But Bauer's new methods could not win at once and he could not hold on, and so, dis- couraged. he had gone into Germany or Austria orsomewhere else; nobody knew exectly where and nobody seemed to care. Capitalists had seized the property and were enjoying the profits which hud come at last. I had a strong feeling of sympathy for poor Bauer, whom I did not know. but I had almost forgotten about him when on the train to Ishi I heard two trav- elers speak about a Hotel Bauer at that famous watering e. I had intended to go to the celebrated Hotel Empress Elizabeth, but hear- ing the almost forgotten name of the un- fortunate Bremen hotel keeper I immediately changed my plan in hope of coming across the man for whom T had so much sympathy. I ye] into a conveyance for the Hotel Bauer. found that its entrance was through « most magnificent k. There were flowers every- where and 1 thought I must be approach- ing ® private mansion. I at last reached a hotel whose magnificent corridors were lined with plants and which I found afterward had the finest kitchen im all Europe not even excepting Paris; arranged with private ball rooms, provided with a pri- vate garden in which on fair days dinner is served, and with all its rooms arranged en suite, each with its ante-chamber, where a maid sits constantly day and night. I found there not one American and yet the tables were crowded with the people and the best people of every other nation. The service was very expensive, but the prices were warranted by ite character. “Is the Mr. Bauer for whom this hotel is named the same Mr. Bauer who built the hotel in Bremen?” I asked and I was told that he was the very same person. “Can I see him?” I inguired. The answer was that the hotel was only a few years old, but that Bauer had looked too far and too quickly ahead and consequently one year ago had failed for lack of capital and - the hotel was now in the hands of a syndicate ankers, ots. Always full.” Vhat has become of Bauer?” e don’t know; gone off somewhere; don’t know where. Poor Bauer! I wish I could happen across him, for he has left his monument whether he be alive or dead, a great hotel on a continent of poor ones, THE WORST AND THE nest. Now, having given my illustrations and said the kindest things which I can for the defense, let me summarize: The worst hotels in Europe are in Germany. The best as a whole are in Paris, for there, no matter where you go, you find at least decent cooking and you get your money's worth, The difference in the eating of Germany and France can be found even on | the streets. In Kaiser Wilhelm’s ompire fried | sausages are cried on the street corners, but | Paris, in the Latin quarter, and even in 1 exclusive neighborhvods, you will find white aproned meu with iittle two-wheeled and hooded carts, with their charcoal and hot grease and pan and potatoes cut in narrow strips, and with their wives or sweethearts to | assist them as they prepzre in the open streets | potatoes fried as only « Frenchman can cook them. For 10 centimes or 2 of our gets a paper bag of these delicious px J cooked to a golden brown and served with a pinch of salt, The difference between this dish and this custom and the sausage peddiing of Germany is the difference between the botels of the two countries. PARIS AND AMERICA. ‘ Yet Paris, which gives us the best example of European hotel life is, far behind this country in the management of her hostelries. As to service the European method of having it at the guest's call from each floor independently has advantages to which I have referred, but on the whole our beil-b eriy and generously applied is, I find. satisfactory in its results, As to m sidering that important question from the point of view of the averaye condition, we there also stand in the front rank, largely owing to the fact that our markets are fur superior to those of Europe. There are only two dishes which Iknow of which we cannot supply here and with which every table d'hote abroad is fur- nished, and those are the sole and turbot. But we more than match those with our sheepshead and shad, and as to saimon, those from Kenne- bec excel any which cither England or Nor- Way can produce, As to prices, we do not vary much from the figures in Berlin, Paris and London, As to equipment, that of the hotels of Europe may be more substantial than ours, but not nearly so luxurious, To be sare there are some hotels in Paris, and also the Metro- pole im London, which have tapestried walls and many other evidences of high art, but the coni- | ness, the home-like comforts and the minute luxurious details of the best hostelries of this country are lacking. To sum up my in a few words, American hotels beat the world. Geonor C. Boot. ny ey eae Such was the promise, but a promise unfulfilled unto stem when prop- far more fashionable dress maker's business to accom- modate ladies in this way and it is exceedingly profitable. If she chooses to add interest, in one shape or another, to a bill there is nothing to prevent.” PITY THE POOR BALOON KEEPER, “And the saloon keeper—does he find it profitable to lend money likewise?” “Hardly. From what some gin-mill pro- pretors have told me I should draw the con- clusion that they are victims to borrowing. It would seem that nearly every —— customer ofasaloon imagines that the fact of being a tron gives me right to borrow money of fhe proprietor. Ho will not hesitate to walk in and say, as he leans over the bar and puts down his ey beer glass: ‘Billy, old man, I want an X until Friday, let me have the saw- buck, will you?’ If the accommodation is re- fused the i B Q F ii f A Ht g i le fr qe ration of a celebrated Swedish gastronomic service called in humble parlance kolikoek or “cold kitchen” or in more refined language sexi. Naturally, being pent upon experiments, Lordered it, Myself and wife were placed w table and immediately a glass of wine was placed before us but no further service, I noticed that near by two men were ‘ing table and I impatiently wondered when ours would be arranged. Just as I had grown slightly restive at this apparent lack of atten- tion I was suddenly informed that the sexi was ready and was thereupon escorted to the other table which the waiters had been 4 I found arrayed before me exactly teen ferent dishes, sixteen of which were cold and two hot. The sight actually made i E j ? i ff thisday. Those who mad proutse were political Juxglers, trickster, wen without character, of & ‘of countenance epprosching the diaLoical aud wi were darker than the mythical ‘That Was a quarter of a century ay: " the people of this country nay have Wiser since then yet it mist Le aduitted that there are still in gxistence zealous representatives of the disbal- jam: cofibentered aud comprehended a the “FORTY ACKES AND A MULE” Pe of the man who promises te sell wold ninety cents apicce. ‘Beware of the man who ises to soll ‘ifteen Dollars, rd dollars Dollar suit of Clothes at m2. want s Cuteway Suit st 8.76, 69.75 or 've got ‘em. imtroduce my new line of Full Dress Collazs to you ‘Men—the “Wolts,” the “Galop,” the “Schot- "the “Fork” end the “Polka,” all 5-folds of