Evening Star Newspaper, March 2, 1889, Page 14

ad INAUGURATIONS OF A CENTURY. | From Washington to Harrison. How the Different Presidents Were In- ducted Into Office. WASILINGTON’S SET CEREMONIAL The Democratic Simplicity of Jefferson and Jackson. —_——o——— The First Harrison’s Inauguration. He Rode a Big White Horse to the Capitol and Back Again. faviene, with foreign ministers and citizens fol jn: ‘The Federal building was crowded almost to suffocation long before 10 o'clock. In the Sen- ate there was much nervousness and discussion as to how the Senate ought to ington Should it itary it was sol for in vain, and John Adams was finally left w! it instruc- tions as to the President’ Then 's reception. arose another debate as to how the Senate should receive the cierk of the House of Re) resentatives, and while the Senators were in Jefferson’s Reinauguration. On Monday, March 4. 1805, President Jefferson was reinaugarated in the Senate cham! which was crowded with ladies and gentlemen and Commodore Prebie attracting Cush! coat, and small clothes and a round hat. James Madison. ee Court Patterson, and Ws favorite attire—a: drew coat. teatict wast, Unusual crowds witnessed the inauguration the midst of the debate the Speaker of the | of James Madison on the 4th of March, 1809. House. closely followed by all entered the chamber. cussion. Oa his arrivat at the Federal hall, Washington was received by the joint congressional com- mittee and by them his coming was announced to Congress © Just at this time Chancellor Liv- ingston discovered that there was no Bible in the Federal building, and one had tobe procured in haste from the rooms ot St, John lodge of Free Masons, near by. When Washington en- tered the Senate chamber the members of the two houses of Congress chere assembled stood up | and remainea standing until he had been con- ducted to a seat by John Adams, the Vice-Pres- ident, who had taken the oath of office on the 2ist of April, Mr. Adams soon announced to Gen. Washington that all was in readiness for him to take the oath. Washington was con- ducted to the open gallery in front of the Sen- ate chamber, which looked out on Broad street. He was accompanied by John Adams, Gov. the members, That puta stop to dis- ie | titude which thronged the streets and houses This is the centennial year ot the American Union, and a giance backward kt the great cere- monies attendant on the installation of the | Chief Magistrates who have held office from | Washington down will prove especially timely | and interesting in connection with the imposing | event of Monday. For many obvious reasons the events attending the inauguration of Wash- iugton must always possess transcendent inter- est for patriotic Americans and students of his- tory. This year marking the completion of the first century of the existence of the govern- ment, the events of the first inauguration are especially interesting just now. and they have been gone inte in the foliowing account with considerable detail. The inauguration of Gen. William Henry Harrison in 1841, the details of which are also given at some length, possesses now more than the usual interest im view of the fact that the new Chief Magistrate is his grandson. Washington’s First Inauguration. The inauguration of Gen. Washington, first President of the United states, did not take | place on the 4thof March, but on the 30th of | aa April, 1789. This was sai owing to the fact that there was not a quorum in the United States | Senate until ths 6th of | | lain of the Senate conducted services. Clinton, and Chancellor Livingston. The mul- shouted itself hoarse when the hero appeared. Washington advanced tothe front of the bal- e d bis hand on his heart, bowed several ind then sat down. silk stockings, all of silver shoe-buckles, and his hair‘tied and powdered. A steel-hilted sword, w h he always wore on public and courtly occasions, hung by his side. ‘The oath was read slowly and distinctly by the chancellor, the hand of Washington lying at the same time on the open Bible. Mr. Otis would have raised the Bible to his lips, but he bowed down and kissed it reverently. As he took the eath, and in act of kissing the Bible, he was observegt audibly to say “I swear,” ad: r, with closed eyes, as if to gather aii his into the momentous act, help me Then the chan ‘or said, “It is done,” and turning tothe multitude, waved his hand and with @ loud voice exclaimed, “Long live George Washington. President of the United States.” At this moment a flag was displayed from the cupola of the hall, and at this signal the artillery thundered its salute from the Bat- tery, the bells rang out their joyful peals and the muititude rent the air with acclamations. The President returned at once to the Senate chamber. and, still standing. address. was extreme! nervous; he mbled continuous He attempted a couple of gestures, but they were so awkward that one of the spectators in writing of the affair re- marked that wished the President had not attempted oratory. From the Senate chamber the President and a great crowd of legislators proceeded to St. Paul's church, where the chap- Prayers for the President were said and the Te Deum American manufactur election reached Washington at Mount Vernon. He at once began preparation to start for New | les a inted | house, on the lower part of Broadway. From pega | cought | the chancellor's to_his own residence the Pres- “{pril_14, the. official notice or his | Ident returned on foot, because the crowds were that day Cera toe President | was sung and then the President returned to and Vice-President | his official residence. At night there was a dis- . in joint session of | play of fireworks, witnessed by the Fert it Joint sension of | From the windows of Chancellor Living so great that a carriage would have been use- York, taking leave of his mother at Fredericks | burg and borrowing £600 to defray the ex-| penses of the trip. On the morning of the 16th he left Mt. Vernon, and was entertained at din- ner that and admirers. In the afternoon he reached | Georgetown. where he was received with great | enthusiasm by the residents of the town and citizens of the surrounding district of Maryland. At Baltimore. at Wilmington, at Philadelphia, | and in tact at every town and hamlet through which his course lay. the first President-elect with such a display of popular love e asit say none of his | successors ¢ been shown. Not alone men} and boys came out to meet, but women and young girls as well. and in every way the people sought to show their admiration and affection for the great soldier and patriot. At Philadel- phia the crowd which met the president-elect’s cavaleade was enormous. After leaving Chester. where he kfasted, Washington left his car- ve and 1 a fine white horse, op which inte the city. Triumphal arches spanned streets, and decorations of evergreens and | s hid the fronts of the houses. The boats on the river were bedecked with the gayest colors, | and everywhere there were eulogistic and pa- I triotic mottoes. While passing bareheaded be- neath one ot the arches erected for the occasion ston was requested to stop. He did so, ard Miss Angelica Peale placed ou his brow the | I t f the victor. The Alliance and a at anchor in the river fired re salutes at Washington's approach. and the bells of Christ chu: Cty ta ch were rung. At the celebrated | ern. 2d and Chestnut streets, a great was served. Washington received a large number of private citizens. and nearly every institution in the city presented him with | a complimentary address before he left the city, | which he did next morning. His reception at | Trenton was churacterized by the chroniclers of those days as being magnificent. At the “Tren- ton end of the bridge over which Washington crossed into New Jersey were a large number of | richly dressed ladies, and immediately in front | of them were their daughters, six of them with | baskets of flowers in their hands. When the | general approached them the procession stopped while ladies sang an ode composed for the occa- sion, aud the danguters strewed the hero's path- way with flowers. Dinner was eaten at Samuel | Henry's City tavern, and Washington spent the night at Princeton with the Rev. Dr. John | Witherspoon. At 2 o'clock on Wednesday after- | noon the party lett for Elizabethport. where he | stopped at the public house of Gen. Smith. Here the final stage of the journey commenced, for it was here that Washington stepped on | board the great barge which was to convey him to New York. The barge was a fine specimen of the shipbuilder’s art, and it was manned by thirteen masters of vessels. James Nicholson was commander. while Thomas Randall was coxswain. In addition to Washington and his friends there were on board the members of the joint cengressionai reception committee and a Bumber of other celebrities. As the barge neared New York it was met by hundreds of gentiemen in boats of various ¢ scriptions. The weather was remarkably fi As the flotilla neared Bedioe's Island a large sloop sailed close to the barge and moved par- allel with it, while about twenty ladies and gen- | tlemen sang an original ode of praise to Wasn- | ington, the words being set to the tune of “God The shores were crowded with people, and so great was the fleet of boats in the river that the surface of the water was hardly to be seen anywhere. The larger vessels tired sa- Tutes and were magnificently decorated with bunting. At the ferry stairs carpetings and hangings of crimson were features in the prepa- rations made for combined comfort and display. The President-elect was received by Governor Clinton and his staff and by many of Washing. ton’s old officers. allinfull uniform. The streets ‘Were so crowded that it was only with the great- est difficulty that a way could be cleared for the ws and flowers in pro- every house. A pro- chief marshal. A band of music, the mayor of New York city, the French and Spanish ambas- tadors, and the state officials were mentioned as prominent in the parade. Washingyon, ina biue and buff breeches, was thi central figure in the short but imposing line of march, which ended at the Franklin house where Washington had established another of his headquarters. Later the general dined with Governor Clinton. Congress had not yet settied all the prelimi- naries to the inauguration of the first President and a further delay of several days occurred before Washincton was installed. the title by which the Citef Executive should be known. Finally it was agreed that he shouid be called simply “The President of the United States.” ducting the President inte office also caused much discussion. It was at last decided that the oath should be administered in the outer gallery adjoining the Senate chamber; that sub- sequently he should be received by both houses ja the Senate chamber, and at the termination of these ceremonies that the President, accom- paniea by both branches of Congress, should repair to St. Paul's church and hear devine ser- vice, to be performed by the chaplain of the Senate. Federal hail, in which Congress met and where Washington was sworn in, stood on the site of the present sub-treasury building in Wall street On the day appointed for the great ceremon- ial, Thursday, April 30, 1789, New York was crowded with people from all the surrounding country, and aa artillery salute from Fort George ushered in the day. At 9 o'clock all the chureh bells out. Morning religious services were heid in the churebes. At 12 0'clock a procession was formed at the ye of the President on Cherry street near Franklin square, a respect able wansion in whieh Washiagion afterward heid his levees and Mrs. Washington her draw- y at Alexandria by a party of friends | corner of Washington was very much af- | ‘ol. Morgan Lewis as | Among the | subjects on which Congress had not agreed was | The exact mode of procedure in in- | Washington’s Second Inauguration. Washington took the oath the second time on March 4, 1793. in the hall on Chestnut street, h, Philadelphia, where Congress then heldits sittings. There was a dense crowdabout the hall when Washington drove up in a superb coach, drawn by six white horses. Two gentle- men, bearing long white wands, preceded Wash- ington from the cvach, opening a way for him up the steps through the crowd and into the hall of the Senat On either side of the broad aisle were seated ihe members of the Senace and House, who arose on his entrance and remained standing till he had passed through the hall and taken the Speaker's seat upon the platform at the further end of the hall. Washi: nm was dressed ina fall suit of rich black his lower limbs in short clothes, with diamond knee-buckles and black silk stockings. His shoes, which were brightly ja- panned, were surmounted with large, square silver buckles. In his hand he carried a plain cocked hat, decorated with the American cock- ade. His hair, powdered, was gathered into a ack silk bag. on which was a bow of black ribbon. He wore alight dress sword, with green shagreen seabbard and a richly ornamented hilt. At the head of the Senate stood Thomas Jef- ferson,in a bine coat, single breasted, with large bright basket buttons, his vest and small clothes of crimson. The oath was administered by Judge Cushin: Washington, arising from his seat after a few minutes, drew from his breast a roll of manu- seript, proceeded to read his address, and at its cone n, laying the manuscript upon the table and resuming his seat for a few moments, rose and withdrew, the members remaining and staading until he had passed from the chamber. The paper was then taken up by the clerk of the House and again read from beginning to end. John Adams. John Adams was inaugurated in the hall of the House of Representatives at Philadeiphia, Saturday, March 4, 1 In a letter written to his wife the next dav he graphically described the event, dwelling particu- larly on the appearance of Gen. Washington, the retiring President, “whose countenance was as serene and unclouded as the day.” The letter continues: “When the ceremony Joun Aras was ever he came and made me a visit, and cor- dially congratulated me, aug wished my admin- istration might be happy, successful and honor- able. In the chamber of the House of Kepre- sentatives was a multitude tas the space coutd contain, and I_ believe scarcely a dry eye but Washington's. The sight of the sun setting” tull-orbed, and another rising, though less splendid, was a novelty.” In conclusion the letter said: ‘All agree that, taken all together, it was the sublimest thing ever exhibited in America.” The ceremony was formal. elect took his seat in. the chair o | The President- Speaker. On his left sat Speaker Bin | sylvania, and John Beechly, of the House. The chief justice elate justices of the Supreme in the center of the space befor chair, and there were also r corps, heads ot departments, and o: ofthe army and navy. After ever: been seated the President-elec then read his inaugura! address. concluded he descended from approached the chief justic | the oath, after which President Adams jto his seat, remained there | then rose, bowed to the audier } He wore a tuil dress suit of b powdered and a chapeau bras. otticiais were leaving the hall Mr. Jef sought to give Gen. Washington precede but the ex-President persisted in declining | and as they passed out shout on from the assembied multitude. } Thomas Jefferson. | Thomas Jefferson was the first President who | took the oath of office in this city. The event | Oceurred on March 4, 1801. There was the least | » possible ceremonial con- nected with the inaugu- ration, in compliance with the desire of Mr. Jefferson. The latter addressed a note to the Speaker of the house, intorming the House, through him, that he should take’ the pre- scribed — constitutional oath on Wednesday, the 4th of March, in the Senate chamber. The Senate chamber was crowded, and nearly all of the prominent officials were present, although _ the absence of the ex-President and of the | Speaker of the House was noticed. Both Mr. | Adams and Speaker Sedgwick had left that morning for their homes in Massachusetts. Mr. Jefferson rode horseback to the capitol unat- | tended and hitched his own horse when he got | | there. He then entered the Senate chamber the Speaker's | dipio- | cers | one had | bowed and } When he had | nd } who udu When the other on | | it. | shout broke Jerrerson | western gallery was ri Washington was full to overflowing with le from all parts of the ie eas country. At dawn fed- eral salutes were fired at the navy-yard and Fort Washington and the militia began to as- semble early. Long be- fore noon the hall of Representa tives not reserved tor officials were filled, and 10,000 people who could not obtain admission surrounded the capitol at noon. At 11 o’clock the Senate convened in the House of Represent- atives. The retiring President, Jefferson, mem- bers of the diplomatic corps, judges of the Su- preme Court, heads of departments. and other high officials were present. Mr. Jefferson ar- rived about 12 o'clock. A short time beforethat hour Mr. Madison left his own house escorted by the troops ot cavalry of the city and Georgetown, commanded by Capt. Brent, and at 12 entered the Representative hall, when President Pro Tempore Milledge left the central chair and con- ducted Mr. Madison to It, seating himseif on the right. Mr. Madison then delivered his address. The oath of office was administered by Chiet Justice Marshall, on which and as the President retired two rounds of minute guns were fired. Manisow | On leaving the capitol he found the volunteer ; militia companies of the District, nine in num- ber, under command of Col. M. Kinney, drawn up, whose line he passed in review, when he en- tered his carriage and was escorted homme. A large eoncourse of ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Jefferson among the number, immediggely waited upon him, among whou refresiments were liberally distributed. The company gener- ally, after calling on the President, waited on Mr. Jefferson to take a last farewell. Mr. Madison was dressed at his inauguration in a full suit of cloth of American manufacture, made of the wool of merinos raised in this country; his coat from the manufactory of Col. Humphreys, and his waistcoat and smail clothes from that of Chancellor Livingston. Madison’s Second Inauguration. On Thursday, the 4tii of March, 1813, Mr. Mad- down theavenae i ber. | tm; ison was reinaugurated. Ae was escorted to the capitol by a legion of volunteer dragoons, and was received there with martial honors by the uniformed militia of Georgetown, Washing- ton, and Alexandria. Chiet Justice Mars administered the oath. That evening therewas an inauguration ball at Davis’ hotel. The Inauguration of Monroe. When James Monroe and Danie! D. Tompkins were inaugurated as President and Vice-Presi- dent on Thursday, March 4, 1817, they were es- corted to the capitol by a cavalcade of citizens, and were received with military honers by the District militia. The dignitaries met in the Senate chamber, whence they moved in procession to “a platform erected before the capitol, where the President delivered his inaugural address, The oath of office was announced by a single Monrot gun, followed by na- tional salutes at the arsenal and at the nay; yard. The President and his lady, after his re- turn, received at their dwelling the visits of their friends, of the heads of departments, most of the Senators and Representatives, of all the foreign ministers, of strangers and citizens. who also geperally paid the tribute of their unabated respect to Mr. and Mra. Madison. The evening concluded with a ball at Davis’ hotel. Monroe’s Second Inauguration. Tn 1821 the 4th of March fell upon Sunday, and President Monroe was inaugurated on Monday, the Sth. Although the day proved very in- clement, a great deal of snow haying fallen the previous night, an immense crowd thronged the doors of the capitol. The ceremony took place in the hall of the House of Representatives. The President was placed on the platform in front of the Speaker's chair. The Chief Justice stood by his side. The judges of the Supreme Court, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House, the heads of departments, and many distinguished military and naval officers were near him. John Quincy Adams’ Inauguration. John Quincey Adams’ induction into office as President on Friday, Mareh 4, 1825, was marked by considerable ceremony. A military escort and cavaleade of citizens accompanied Mr. Adams and his predecessor to the capitol, where the marine corps received them, Entering the hall of Representatives, Mr. Adams ascended to the Speaker's chair and took his seat. Mr. Adams read his address, which occupied about forty minutes. The President : then received trom the Chief Justice a volume of the laws of the United States, from which he read the oath of office. General Jackson was present and among the earliest who took the hand of the President. Shortly after 1 o'clock the President was escorted back as he came, and on his arrival at bis residence received the compliments of a great many friends, How Jackson Took The Oath. The example of Jefferson and the recent death of his wife combined to make Gen. Jackson wish as little display as possible when he took the oath office on Mareh 4, 1820. He went on horseback to the capitol, and appeared at haii-past 11 o'clock in the Senate chambe tended by the n of the District and the comuuittee of arrange- ments, and took his at in front of the sec- retary’s desk. The judges of the Supreme Court were seated on the right of the Pr 4 chair. The foreign minister in their oficial costume, were on the left. large number of ladies were present and occu- pied seats in the rear of the Senators. ‘The erved for members of the House. At 12 o'clock the S e adjourned tern portico of the capitol, where, in an immense concourse, the President de! ed his inaugural address. and, having concluded, the oath was administered to hin: by Chief Justice Marshati. Salutes were fired by artillery, stationed wear the capitol, which were repeated by the forts and at the na’ ard. When the President retired the procession was tormed and he was conducted to the White House. Jackson’s Reinauguration. Monday, 4th of March, 1883, President Jackson was reinaugurated without ceremony. nied by tin Van Buren, Vice-Pre: ed to the hall of the House . Where each took the oath admivistered to him by the venetable Chief Ju: lice Marshall. President Jackson then deliy- ered a brief inaugural address. A ball was given in the evening at the Central Masonic hail. The Inauguration of Van Buren. Weather of singular loveliness favored thein- auguration of Van Buren, on Saturday, March 4, 1837. The retiring President, Jackson, ac- companied by the Presi- dent-elect, rode from the White House to the capitol in the beautiful phaeton built of the wood of the frigate Con- stitution, and presented the citizens of New ork city, and preceded by cavalry and infantry, proceeded to the capitol fF" through Pennsylvania Van Buren avenue. The avenue was thronged with citi- zens, and an immense crowd filled the square east of the capitol. The procession proceeded to the Senate chamber, when it was formed anew, and proceeded with the two Presidents, members of the Senate, cabinet, and the foreign ministers, to the rostrum erected on the ascent to the eastern portico. Mr. Van Buren then de- livered his inaugural address, and at the close the oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Taney. The procession then returned ( | and Vice-President Burr gave up his chair to | him. Burr taking a seat on the right, Chief | Justice Marshall sitting on the left. after the inaugural had been delivered the President was sworn into offiee, and the event was proclaimed | by discharges o®artillery. President Jefferson | then returned to the White House, where Mrs, Madison had consented to preside for a time, | and receive the congratulations of his friends. Although Jefferson rode his ge abe which was vot. demolished till | tiously hitched the blooded nag to the fence, 1 lig t| he at that time a dashing coach and four. followed by | The horses were bright bays, and cost heads of de- | 91,600 doliars, which at that time was re- Ashington | garded as extravagant but old resi- |. Hum- | dents here speak of them as the daest team ever , ia another | geen on avenue. tc the White House. William Henry Harrison. Forty-eight years ago, Monday, March 4, 1841, = Gen. Wm. He Harri- son, grandfather of the THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C., SATURDAY, and he was recentiy quoted as saying that the which attended “Old Tippecance” mpressed him as being the most. ng spectacie he ever witnessed, and he ry. - and the remaining company, the National Grays, came from Philadelphia. The civic organiza tions in line numbered two or three thousand, and some of them came trom long distances. A delegation from Caynza county, N. carried a large banner bearing a picture of Gen. Har- rison on horseback. An organization from Prince George's county, Md., had with them a vehicle drawn by six white horses on which was mounted a large banner. A firm of Laurel, Md., manulacturers had in the procession a Weaving machine in tull operation, with the Operators attending to their duties. There were several log cabins in line. Gen. Harrison himself, the center of all attention, rode a fine white charger. He looked remarkably robust, we are told, notwithstanding his years and the hardships of his campaigns. He seemed in the highest spirits as he moved along. bowing and smiling continually to the cheers of the crowds and saluting gallantly the ladies who waved their handkerchiefs and kissed their hands to him from balconies and windows, A notable feature of the procession was a battalion of soldiers who had served under “Old Tippe- canoe,” as they loved to call him, in his many campaigns. The day was cloudy and threaten- ing, but the streets were early thronged with people. It was egtimated that 20,000 strangers were in the city, d mere handful as we look at it now, but a great number in those days, when only one railroad entered the city and but four trains ran datiy between here and Baltimore. At 10 o'clock the procession left the hotel at which Gen. Harrison had rooms, and as it slowly moved toward the capitol the throngs which filled the streets and doorsteps broke out into enthusiastic shouts, which grew into a deafen- ing roar as the President-elect passed on his white horse. On the arrival of the President-elect atthe cap- itol the ceremonies that are still adhered to were gone through with and Gen. Harrison and Mr. ‘Tyler, the Vice- President-elect. entered the Sen- ate chamber, where the latter was sworn in. Gen. Harrison then walked to the east front of the capitol, where a plattorm had been erected, After a welcome of deafening applause and wild erles of joy from the great multitude the Presi- dent-eléct proceeded to read his inaugural. Be- fore completing it he stopped and Chief-Justice Taney administered the oath of office. Gen. Harrison then finished his address and the boom- ing of cannon announced that a new Chief Exee- utive had formally taken possession of his office. The President was then escorted to his residence by the procession, where thousands thronged (ey him to tegder their personal congratula- ions. In the evening salntes of artillery were fired and several balis were held in different public halls. The new President and Mrs. Harrison visited most of th during the evening, re- maining a short time at each. The principal ball was held at Carusi’s saloon, the scene of all the swell social affairs of that day. Among the managers of this ball was Admiral Porter, and he is said to be the sole surviver of the one hun- dred whose names appeared on the list. She Kissed “Old Tippecanoe.” Talking of the inauguration of 1841 to a newspaper man recently, Admiral Porter is noted as telling a very amusing incident of this ball at Carusi’s. Among the attendants was a New York girl of sixteen, daughter of a friend of Gen. Harrison. The girl had visited at the old Harrison homestead at North Bend and the general had become very fond of her. When they met at the ball she teased “Old Tippe- canoe” to dance with her and at last ordered hita to do it. Gen. Harrison finally declared that he would dance with her if she would show she wasn’t ashamed of her old lover by kissing him in public. The girl accepted the terms, and right there, before the eyes of Mrs. Harrison and a hundred people, put her arms around old Tippecanoe’s neck and kissed him on the mouth. Mrs. Harrison was very muck amused, as every one was, but the President went back on his contract and refused to dance, saying he was so tired it would be impossible for him to keep up with the music. ~ 3 No better or more striking illustration of the progress of the past half century can be found than that afforded by the press reports of the inaugural ceremonies of 1841 and those that will appear in THe Star Monday. March 5, 1841, the National Intelligencer gave a few frag- mentary sketches of the scene and incidents of the préteeding day, the whole not filling two columns. It prefaced its report with a note saying: “It cannot reasonably be expected that we shall lay before the public a very detailed or accurate account of yesterday's interesting pro- ceedings and ceremonies.” The only other newspaper in the country to print any details ot the inaugural ceremonies on the day following seems to have been the Balti- more Sun. Of course the lack of telegraphic facilities largely accounted for this. The Sun had two columns of matter furnishnd by their correspondents in Washington. In those days the desire to know what the new President said in his inaugural address was much greater than it is now, and what was then regarded as stu- pendous enterprise was shown in distributing the message. For this purpose a special train, consisting ot a locomotive and one car, was chartered by a number of Baltimore, Philadel- phia, and New York newspapers. This special train, bearing copies of the message, left the Baltimore and Ohio station in this city at 12:35 p. m.. while the new President was still speak- ing at the east front of the capitol. Baltimore was reached in less than two hours, and the Sun issued an extra containing the message that afternoon. The train reached Philadelphia at 6 o'clock, and the North American printed the message next morning, but without a word in regard to the inauguration proceedings. The New York Express did the same, having re- ceived its copy of the message at 11 o'clock on the night of the 4th. POINTS FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS. It will doubtless prove interesting to many to have the leading points from the inaugural ad- dress of Gen. William Henry Harrison to com- pare with tne address which his grandson de- livered to-day. After anlyzing at some length the provisions of the Constitution Gen. Harrison said: “When the Constitution of the United States first came from the hands of the conven. tion which formed it many of thesternest repub- licans of the day were alarmed at the extent of the power which had been granted to the fed- eral government, and more particularly of that portion which had been assigned to the execu- tive branch. There were in it. features which appeared not to be in harmony with their ideas ota simple representative democracy or repub- lic. And ki of power to in- crease it particularly when exercised by a single individual predictions were made that at no very remote period the government would terminate in virtual monare! It would not become me to say that the fears of these patri- ots have been already realized. But as I sin- cerely believe that the tendency of measures and men’s opinions for some years past has been in that direction, it is, I conceive, strictly proper that I shouid take this occasion to repeat the assurances I have already given of my determi- nation to arrest the progress of that tendency, if it reaily exists, and restore the government to its e health and vigor, as tar as this can be 1 by any legitimate exercise of the power placed in my hands.” Continuing, he uttered a warning against the danger ot continuing a Chief Executive in office for along period. The veto power he said he should use for but three purposes: To prevent a violation of the Constitution, to protect the peo- ple against bad legislation, and to protect minorities against oppressive combinations. He then goes on to indicate a tendency which be thought he saw of the federal government to absorb the powers of the states. Referring to the subject which has since become known as “offensive partisanship,” Gen. Harrison said: “The influence of the Executive in controling the freedom of the elective tranchise, through the medium of the public officers, can be effect- ually checked by renewing the prohibition pub- lished by Mr. Jefferson, forbidding their inter- ference in elections further than giving their own votes, and their own independence secured by an assurance of pertect immunity in exer- cising this sacred privilege or freedom under the dictates of their own unbiased judgments. Never, with my consent, shall an officer of the people, compensated for his services out of their pockets, become the pliant instrument of Executive will.” On the subject of citizens of one state inter- fering in the wffairs of anether state he said: “Our citizens must be content with the exercise institutions. Our confederacy illustrated is perfectly by the terms and tion of allied The a of liberty had fled, and avolding the es of civilized man had sought protection in the wilds of Scythia or Scandina- via. And so under the operation of the same causes and influences it will fly from our capi- tals and our forums.” Tyler Takes the Oath. On April 4, 1841, one month after his inaugu- ration, Harrison died, and on the 6th, in the _— of the heads of the departments, Vice- President John’ Tyler took the oath of office at his residence. On the same day he took another oath before William Cranch, chief Judge of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, “tor greater caution.” The Inauguration of Polk. Rain marred the inauguration ceremonies of President Polk on Tuesday, March 4, 1845. There was an escort of eleven volunteer com- panies, in addition to the famons *" Tree ved shirts and pants, headed by Capt. Rynders. President Polk rode in an open carriage, escorted — by the famous Fairfax Troop. of Virginia, and he was followed by car- riages containing cler- gymen, army and navy officers, and the professors and students of Georgetown college. After reaching the capi- tol Mr. Polk was joined by the retiring Presi- dent. Mr. Tyler, and a procession was formed to the eastern portico, where a temporary platform had been erected, from which Mr. Polk read his address. The oath of office was administered by the ghief justice, and the new President was saluted by loud cheers. The procession was re- formed and the President escorted to the ex- ecutive mansion, where he received the cun- gratulations of citizens. There was an inaugu- ration ball that night at Jackson nall, occupy- ing the site of the National theatre, Gen. Taylor’s Inayguration. The 4th of March, 1849, falling on Sunday, Gen. Zachary Taylor sworn into office on Monday, the 5th. The city was gaily decorated, and there was a big pro cession. The escort was composed of eleven vol- unteer companies from Baltimore, Alexandria and Washington. A cal- ‘acade of marshals, su- perbly mounted, ‘sur- rounded the carriage in which rode President Taylor, the Speaker of the House, the mayor of Washington, and ex- Trion President Polk. The crowd of persons in front of the capitol was estimated at 20,000, and when Gen. Taylor made his appearance there was uninterrupted cheering for twenty minutes. After having read his inaugural the veneral took the oath and then returned to the White House. An inauguration ball was given in the evening. Fillmore Takes the Oath. Gen. Taylor died in office July 9, 1850, and Vice-President Fillmore took the oath as Presi- dent on July 11, at noon, In the hall of the House of Representatives, in the presence of the two branches of Congress. ‘rhe proceedings were very simple and occu- pied but a brief space of time. President Pierce’s Inauguration. The inauguration of President Pierce, Friday, March 4, 1853, was the most imposing witnessed up to that time. There wasa large military escort. and ex-President Fillmore accompanied President Pierce to the Capitol. Just as the procession = was re- formed to escort the President to the White House it began to snow. The avenue was gaily decorated with flags, Frucmore banners, &c._ The mar- VJ shais were Maj. A. A. a Nicholson, Col. Wm. J r Selden, Dr. A. W. Mil- Preece ler, Ro. Ould, Col. H. S$. Lansing, Dr. E. M. Chapin. After the usual proceedings inthe Senate the oath was administered in the east- ern portico by Chiet Justice Taney in the pres- ence, it was estimaced, of 20,000 persons. The President then delivered his inaugural speech from mem In the evening be received the congratulations of a large number of citizens at the executive mansion. Buchanan’s Brilliant Inauguration. Buchanan was inducted into office on a beau- tiful, balmy day, Wed- yy, March 4, 1857. qT y was crowded. At noon the procession marched to Willard’s hotel, where President Pierce and the President- elect. in an open ba- rouche, took their places in line. The procession was composed of mili- and political organ- jons from various parts of the Union, and Buchanan was pronounced, the Most briiliaut display ever seen in the country. Chief-Justice Tan administered the oath of oftice “amid the sky-rending shouts of the mul- titude.” That evening there was an inaugura- tion ball in atemporary structure erected for the purpose. The Inauguration of Lincoln. The country-at-large as well as Washington was ina state of suppressed excitement over the inauguration of Lincoln, which took place on Monday, March 4, 1861. Threats had been made that the ceremony should not be performed, and Gen. Scott had ordered a large military force of regulars here, in addition to the Dis- trict volunteers, then just organized. Bat- teries of light artillery were posted in different positions, while sharp- shooters occupied the roots of houses along Lomcoun Pennsylvania avenue. The procession formed at 9 o'clock in tront of the City hall, and at 11 o'clock marched to Willard’s hotel, and awaited the President and President-elect, who jomed the line in an open carriage a little after 12 o'clock. Mr. Lincoln was pale and anxious. e lage was carefully surrounded by the military and by the committee on arrangements. The marshal-in-chief was Major B. B. French. President Lincoln read his address with a the eastern portico ofthe capita. Judge Doug: the eastern t las canding by his side and holding his hat. After having taken the oath Mr. Lincoln was escorted to the White House, where he was met at the door by Gen. Scott, warmly congratulated. The and thousands of whom he was oi E time on March 4, 1865, amid even more public excitement than on the first occasion. The air of ominous and ull the was full rumors, troops thet took pert In the inangurel were and aveuve wana river of ‘The: dent Lincoln at the east portico. The threaten- Procession which em ing clonds had dispersed and the crounds were corted the new Presi- packed with spectators, who greeted the Presi- dent back from we ty pets ae with long and enthusiastic tol after he took cheers. civic procession and a military es- oath of office is thought pee lig 9 py enorme | to have contained about mansion. the evening there was a reception 25.000 men, while the at the White House. When the were crowd that witnessed Fish to gala. aduitisuce,‘snd the pushing’ and cast ‘Trost of the cape ‘crowd tere Valse The = 150,000 to 300,000" Prot was uw o . dent seem in excellent spirits. pe 3 aud oom hoon Swern Senators rem: -_ - ~ on its st lous size. President Arthur and There were few prominent men in Washington when Booth’s bullet struck Lincoin down onthe night of April 14, 1865. Among them were Sen- | and ator Ramsey, Senators Stewart, of Nevada; John P. Hale. Gen. Farnsworth, of Illinois; and Solomon Foote, of men met to discuss the situation, and at once resolved that the re- quirements of the gov- ernment demanded that steps should be immedi- ately taken for the in- duction of Vice Presi- dent Andrew Johnson into the office of President. Accordingly a con- sultation with Mr. Stanton was resolved upon, and it was without further ceremony agreed that Chief Justice Chase be sent for to proceed to the Kirkwood house and swear Mr. Johnson in as President of the United States. This was accordingly carried out at 10 o'clock a. m. April 15th, and the above-named gentlemen, with a few others, the provost-marshal of the District, Col. J. R. O’Beirae, and some of his special de- tect: in and near the room. were the only persons present. Mr. Johnsen came in from his apartment upstairs. and joined the party await- | ing him. He looked very sad and was quite taciturn. When he spoke it was in a low tone and with huskiness. e oath was administered by ChiefJustice Chase inthe slow, solemn intona- tion of one in deep grief. Gen. Grant’s Inauguration. Gen. Grant's first inauguration day, March 4, 1869, opened with rain, but the weather cleared Vermont. These gentile- | army and militia. President-elect Cleveland in one carriage, ac+ ccompanied by Senators She: Vice-President-elect Hendricks in another carriage, accompanied by Senator Hawley, ieft the White House at 10:30 o'clock’ for the capitol. They were escorted by the first division of the great inaugural cession, consisting of troops trom the When the presidential party reached the Senate end of the capitol, they made their way. quickly into the building through the basement entrance, giving the crowd on and about the broad front steps the slip. The Senate chamber was crowded im every part long before the hour for the inangu> ral ceremonies to begin. Among the distin- guished persons present were Gens. Hancot« and Sheridan, Hon. George Bancroft, the his- torian, and numerous members of the diplo- matic corps. The presidential party entered the Senate chamber shortly after 12 o'clock, and both President Arthar and President-elect ] Cleveland were greeted with applause as they peared. Vice. Hendricks was sworn in and soon ¢ Senate to order in extra session. The n rs were swora in, and the process formed and moved to the big platform erected at the east front, where the new President was to be sworn in. Mr. Cleveland was very silent throughout it all, and answered such estions as were ade dressed to him briefly and ja a low tone, At 12:30 the President and President-elect appeared. on the platform, and were greeted with tremen- dous cheering and applause. As Mr. Cleveland arose to deliver lis address the cheering was re- newed and kept up for five minut Mr. Cleve- land delivered his address ina voice so strong and clear that even those on the outskirts of the crowd could hear much of it. At its conclusion later. The decorations of the city were nota- | he took the oath of office on a little Bible given " ve him by his mother when he lett home as a young pe espetiican an Stirs man. He then returned to his carriage. which crowded with visitors, the number being esti- mated at one-thira greater than at any pre- vious inauguration. Question had been raised as to whether the retir- ing President, Johnson, and the President-elect would ride to the capitol together. Asa compro- mise it was proposed that the President and Grani President-elect should ride in separate car- riages, to be driven abreast. But President Johnson declined to accept this position in the procession, and his carriage was omitted. Brevet Maj.-Gen. A. 8S. Webb, grand marshal, arranged the procession in eight divisions. The surviving soldiers of the war of 1812. thirty in number, were seated in an omnibus drawn by six horses. The mini- ature ship Constitution, full rigged and equipped, and manned by youths in sailor cos- tume, was drawn in acar by six richly capari- soned hoi This ship had figured in the in- auration of Buchanan. There was the usual crowd in the Senate chamber and about the inaugural stand at the east front. The President i his inaural in a clear but low voi The procession the President the executive mansion and then broke ranks. Second Inauguration of Grant. A blizzard struck Washington on March 4, | 1873, the day on which Grant was inducted into office a second time. The temperature became very low and the wind was bitter cold; neverthe- less the gaily decorated streets were thronged. ‘The procession formed under Generai William F. Barry, grand marshal, Among the notable bodies which participated were the Old Guard of New York, the Washington Light Infantry battalion, the Corcoran Zuaves, the Washington Grenadiers, the Washington Light Guard, the Philadelphia City Troop,the Washington Graysof Philadelphia, the State Fencibles of Philadelphia, } Territorial Guards of this city, the 5th Maryland regiment, the veterans of the Mexican war, the Washington schuetzen_verein, the Columbia | varner verein, and the Washington fire depart- | ment. The customary scenes took place in the Senate. The oath was administered and the inaugural delivered on a grand inauguration stand at the | eastern main entrance to the capitol. The plat- form accommodated about 300 persons, and was j draped in American flags. The reading of the address, owing to the hizh wind, was inaudible avenue was illuminated on inauguration even. ing, and there were fine displays of flrewors at the white lot and at the capitol grounds. The Inauguration of Hayes. The 5th of March, 1877, a cloudy, damp day, witnessed the inauguration of Hayes, which was attended with a good deal of display de- spite the short time given for preparations. | The dispute regarding the election, it Swill be remembered, was not settled until almost the last hour. Still the city was well decorated, and great crowds poured in | on Saturday the 3d, at | least 50,000 coming | from New York alone. Hayes took the oath ot office quietly on the 3d Haves The procession on the | 5th was under command of Brevet Maj. W. D. Whipple, grand marshal, and was in six divi- | The procession escorted President Hayes back | to the executive mansion and broke ranks at | 18th street. In the evening there was a grand torchlight proces: Fireworks, cal- | cium lights and Chinese lanterns also w streets brilliant. An inaugnral recept held at Willard hall under the auspices of the Columbus Cadets. Garfield’s Inauguration. Snow fell on the night of March 3, 1881, and the early morning of the 4th, but. notwithstand- ing, the inauguration of Garfield was 4 brilliant event. Gen. Sherman was marshal of the day and with the first di- vision, com; of the regular troops and miti- tia companies, met the A. Arthur, at tne White House and eseorted them to the capitol. President Hayes rode in the same carriage with the President-elect. ‘The Ganricio ceremony of swearing in the Vice-President oc- curred in the Senate chamber. Gen. Hancock, the unsuccessful democratic candidate for Presi- | dent, was conspicuous in his uniform of major- general of the regular army among the dis- tinguished personages on the floor of the Senate. An immense crowd had gathered in front of the platform which had been erected at the east front of the capitol, and here Mr. Gar- field was sworn in by Chief Justice Waite and read his inaugural address. The procession, which had about 25.000 men in line, then marched down Penusylvania avenue, when it was reviewed at the White House by the new President. The throng of spectators was great. In the evening the inauguration bail was held in the National Museum building. which had just been completed. Ear'y in the evening an elaborate display of fireworks was given at 15th street and Pennsylvania avenue. President Arthur’s Quiet Inauguratio: President Garfield died on the 19th of Septem- ber, 1881, from the effects of Guitean’s pistol shot, inflicted on the 2d og the on in y is unfortunate that there should be so gr horror felt on the part of unmarried women and the final triu takes 2 great deal of courage to stifle th rations of womanhood, to banish the dreams of | abnegation and saci took its place in the procession and returned to the White House. That night a grand inaugural bail was given in the new pension butiding, and Was attended by an tmmense crowd. OLD MAID. A Kind and Philosophical Vindication of the Spinster. THE From the Detroit Free Press There are few people that have not looked into the dictionary especially who know how the term spinster originated. We often find it in Shakspeare and other of the classics, but it is used to define the spinner. This is its specific meaning. Its general significance is wider. There was an old practice, in the years agone, that a woman should never be married until she had spun herself a set of body, table, and bed linen. It is not difficult to see how easily the term became applicable to all unma: Women and finally became a law term and fixed. It is not the fashion among lawyers nowadays to specify the maiden by the word spinster, Single woman is the phrase employed in its place, and perhaps with more satisfaction, be- cause there is something about the word spin- ster which is objectionable. It is associated with acerbity, wrinkles, moroseness and gen- eral disagreeableness. ‘The term spinster is decidediy objectionable to an unmarried wo- man. It occupies a close position to old maid, which is certainly and always resented with scorn and oftentimes with indignation. Really there is NOTHING REPROACHFUL IN THE TERM old maid, provided, of course, the maiden Indy is well on in years. To call any woman old when her face is not puckered up into a lot of wrinkles, when her eyes are bright, her figure Bue word erect and elastic, is an unpardonable sin, the term fills the bill, Around the maiden cluster most of the fancies and lections of youth. To most people a maid ike dream of adolescence. To apply the term maid derly spinster would be bination of beauty, blithesome- ness, buoyancy, and youth. Hence, if the term maid is to be used in connection with one well ars, the adjectival qualiticator old must be employed to note the distinction in age. It a : men oe toward this epithet—old maid. There is this | procession wes reviewed bet Pens: Tee | to be said of the old maid, She has an invi- procession was reviewed by the President. The | viduslity of her own. the hes a mame which is vital. It is symmetrical, She does not hide her light under the bushel of matrimony. She is not absorbed into another's legal existence. In fact, she has just as much personality as any man, Everything in this world is based upon THE LAW OF COMPENSATION. And in this fact may be found the compensa tion for the unmarried woman. If she has roperty she can do with it as she pleases with- out consulting a man, who possibly may be stubborn or selfish or mean. If she has no property, but has to work for her living, she is not compelled to spend a portion of it on a hus- band who is too lazy to work, or if he is able and willing to work is not able to earn enough to support two in reasonable comfort. These are compensations which are not without great value. Inthe mind of every one that has a kindly nature the unmarried woman of mature ears is clothed in peculiarly bright attributes. ‘ue, there are some mature maidens whose | minds are so contorted that to them the world is turned upside down and every man, sions. ‘President Grant and President-elect | Woman, and childis their particular enemy. Bat Hayes were in the fourth division. The Senate | these are the exceptions, and it has often been was packed when the President and President. | said that the ¢ ceptions prove the rule. Not elect entered arm-in-arm at 12 o'clock. The | long ago a woman killed herself because, as she oath of office was administered for a second | confessed in her ante-mortem letter, she hai time and the inaugural address delivered at | not the courage to be an old maid. This wo- the inaugural stand, cast front of the Capitol, | man was one of the foolish virgins, The old maid becomes in many cases a hallowed char- acter. Her pure aud kindly face, unmarked | by a single selfish impression, is significant of bee has ph of » the struggle tha carried on within tover matter, It aspi- youth, and to settle down to the life of self- which maidenhood im- poses. THE MATERNAL LONGING is strong in the breast of every woman. Nature has implanted it there. She who is without it is not worthy the name of woman. And in ex- tinguishing this longing there is a great burden of sacrifice. But this has its reward, too. There shines out of the eyes of nearly every unmarried woman who has reached the old President and Vice- maid period a light which speaks of gentleness President-elect. James and perfect serenity within. There are few old A. Garfield and Chester maids who, if they originally had lovable char- acters, are not really beloved by a wide circle of friends. She is more than esteemed. She is loved by every one that knows her, And, better than that. évery one is ready and willing to show her those litde courtesies and atten- tions which are so prized by all womankind. There seems to be a desire on the part of every thoughtful member of socety to contribute as much as possible to the comfort and happiness of theold maid. There was a time when the womau who was forced to live a single life was looked upon with a sort of pity. Butthat time has passed away. Spinsterhood is not now looked upon as discreditable. How can it be, when there are so many beautiful, charming, and lovable women, not to say heiresses, who are included in its ranks? Some women remain OLD MAIDS FROM CHOICE, are fearful of the quicksands of matrimony. Others because their ideal has —- come to them. The reasons in each one these in- stances is not only creditable, but honorable. Some one has said that every woman, whether Society should honor the beautiful and lovable woman’ who, rather than throw berssif . hat for that Atha took the gt of | mats Tatoos Sh office as President at | tion, is begeft of maternal joys and his in| New | because her affections are true to one that York. On the 22d he| no more? In whatever we look at the old President ia the Vico: | hocacaim Nepinstors ore ‘provided thay hove ts as in we President's room at the chasuoter toes esteem and confidence. The eer ay eons does saat eaakes pry ey ot Nevada aad Gen. Saher sien.” Aatun —— oy ee} Wass ut office, accompanied by Ji Harlan and rom the Linesia Journal. Tersahrra, guiered the room and without farther Merchant (to clerk)—“William, mark up the After he had taken the oatn the President drew sep earahe> rees eee from his pocket the manuscript inaugural, Which he proceeded to read. It short, | “Yes; Soing to advertise « grandsacrifice a a cabinet, ‘members ‘From the