Evening Star Newspaper, January 25, 1889, Page 7

CHILDREN’S VOICES. The System of Their Training in the Public Schools. Famille Christina Curtis, from Harper's Magazine. Considerable attention is given in our public schools throughont the conntry to the instrue- tion of pupils in vocal reading, and fair results are attained by various systems. But it is to be feared that too little is being done toward the proper training of the chilfftren’s voices. The exercises and songs which they learn to sing by note are almost invariably sung ina quality of voice to which itis extremely dis- agreeable for a cultivated ear to listen. Why should this be allowed? Why should the fundamental idea of music be entirely ignored? Music implies sweet sounds. If there are no sweet sounds, where is the music? What sat- isfaction can # musical ear possibly find in hearing even unusual feats of vocal reading if they be performed in a voice which reminds one of the circular saws in a lumber mill? For my own part, I would rather listen to the saws, The noise which they make is only the result of the functions they are performing in their own natural manner (if the manners of a saw may be called natural); but the noise which school children make in performing the function which they call singing is the result of a very unnatural contraction of the throat muscles. I say an unnatural contraction, not because it is rare (it is nearly universal after a certain age), but be- cause achild that has not yet learned to scream in the street will, when unconsciously singing at its play, use a voice which is entirel different from this, and which is really musical ‘This bad quality of voice is heard more in boys than in girls. and among the latter it decreases with the growth of the children; but more or less of it is almost invariably heard when a number of children sing together. To make this noise (it is not music) requires such an effort, such as cramping of the throat; that the given pitch can rarely be sustained. Even when led by an instrument, such voices are constantly inclined to flat, Ido not mean to say that ho public school children ever sing well individually, or that so- called chorus singing is not sometimes heard. But where this is so, unless special care has been taken, the good voices can almost al- ways be traced to the larger girls. This terri- bly unmusical music is not confined to the pub- lic schools, where little pretense is made of training the voice. What a tax upon one’s musical nerves is involved in listening to one of those boy choirs that are made to strain their chest voices up to D and D sharp, and then, if a higher note should come, the only thing to be heard is a terrible break into a weak little head vyice! Must this sort of thing go on forever? Music is the youngest of all the arts, but she is cer- tainly old enough now to have leared the pro- per use of that first and most wonderful of all musical instruments, the human voice. The public taste is not so bad in regard to adult voices, The real circular-saw species of voice would not be tolerated im a chorus of grown people. Why, then, should this same public not only be satisfied with, but apparently ad- mire, these hideous noises when produced in the throats of little children who are supposed by the poets to have “voices soft and sweet?” The remedy is simple. ‘Train the voice down from the top. instead of up from the bottom.* . hb sweet tones at the ve these strained voices of which I ha speaking. which it is a positive relief to hear when they are actually reached, and cultivate that quality down, and the voice changes iis character immediately, and the high tones be- come strong instea low the middle about Fon the first space, the bi below which the voice is : an itis above that point, ity has long been called the hight quality the head voice. this is another break, to ntion is rarely given, but ortance in soprano voices. ks divide the voice into three re nowealled by the best author- above An octave h sufficient ch is of great These two bre parts, which ities the thi the thin, and the small regis- ‘The names chest and head voice are unfor- . They have given rise to erroncous ting the production of the voice. The chest and the head have nothing whatever to do with the production of a pure tone. Voeal tone is made by the vibration of the vocal chords, two-minute chords, or mem- branes, which are stretched horizontally across the throat in the larynx, or “voice box.” The iow tones and the high tones are all made in exactly the same place, neither in the chest nor in t 1, but in the throat. The cause of difference between the registers is this: the tones of the thick register are the result of the vibration of the vocal chords in their entire width; in the thin register the chords vibrate along their in- ner edges only: in the small register the vibra- tion is the same, but the change is made in an- other way. In the two lower registers the piteh of the tones is regulated by the tighten- ing of the chords, as the strings of a violin are tightened in tuning. while the highest tones, those of the smail register, are made by the shortening of the chords, as the high tones of a harp are given by short strings. These breaks are not noticeable in every voice. Where they are heard. the voice-trainer’s aim should ai- ways be toso blend the registers that no change shall be apparent. The registers overlap; if a lower register is forced too high, the change comes suddenly and the voice breaks; but « higher register may safely be carried down as low as it will go, and in this way the change is made gradually and smoothly. This is why the ordinary practice of making children sing seales up, or sing tunes which begin low. is productive of such bad re- sults; if they sing loud, the chest or thick reg- ister is sure to be strained beyond its legiti- mate place. orcing the registers is not the only fault, Nine-tenths of our children and the majority of grown people sing with throats more or less cramped. The larynx, as a whole, is capable of rising and faliing toa limited extent. [f the —— is raised, the throat cavity is lessened and the muscles are contracted; if in addition to this there is an arching up of the back of the tongue (which is almost invariably the case), then the voice is forced up through the nose, and becomes na: ‘The greatest of the mod- ern voice trainers, such as the elder Lamperti and the elder Wartel, have always inculcated the keeping of the larynx in the same low po- sition for all tones, high and low. The reason for this is apparent. The requisites for pure tone production are a wide open throat and a flat tongue. The voice itself is made by the vocal chords; the upper part of the throat and the roof of the mouth should act as a nding-board to render the tone full and i then to throw it forward, out into the The quality of a voice depends upon the ape of this sounding-board. If the passage through which the voice must go be free and open—that is, if the tone be thrown directly ot of an open throat through the mouth, wit the tongue flat at the back and out of the way then the voice will be pure and sweet; if this passage, and particularly the part imme- diately above the larynx, be contracted and cramped, the voice is either harsh aud rasping or nasal, or perhaps it has both these qualities, Now there is every conceivable variation be- tween the pure, open, smooth quality and the cramped, rasping quality in both trained and untrained voices. When the cramped, rasping quality is very strong, and the y, thick register is carried much too high, this combi- nation is what reminds me of the circular saws. Bat the throat can be cramped more or less even in the other registers. I have always no- ticed that the real circular-saw characteristic, when heard in its full development, is an in- dication of a particularly strong and naturally good voiee, often, though not always, excep- tionally high. The following is the reason for this: It is sapposed to be injurious for child- ren to sing very high tones; therefore their songs rarely go above D and E, and their exer- eises generaily consist in singi seales up- ward, beginning on middle rid e teacher urges the children to sing out, not to be afraid, to sing so that they can be heard. The effort to sing loud causes the cramping of the throat, and where there is considerable strength of voice a chest or thick tone is uced. (Very little children and those who have weak voices never make real chest tones.) When the singer hao begun ot the bottom of the seale and sings up as loud as he can, he contiues to keep his throat cramped, and to use chest tones if his voice is strong, up to acertain point, where he suddenly breaks into a weak small voice, sometimes omitting nearly all the thin tones. The upper of ier. eet. sominaae oni the voice is but it has en weakened by this forcin; point at which this tural ifferent individuals, and eve: the same individual it generally depends made. If the child lower n upon sings softl; than if he sin | toward effecting a reform. not = if evan speak of men’ " and children.) The | npr tec B an ares The ay con’ B, singing voice ie eydidferent xtend- voi aye x ing one and a half pif pot ny Say and the thick voice belongs only at the bottom of it. The two may be and should be blended together; but to accomplish this gros om ay is to begin atthe top and sit Publie-school singing at it ig all in the voice. Spotking and singing are different things, and fore should in different voices. scales down (never up), vi softly, with the mouth wide ‘ D, Then take each successive higher scale Not until have reached the smaller register will you perfectly sure of getting the right tone, and then only when the tone is given softly and very low in the throat. It is those scales that begin in the small register,on F and above, that are the most useful to practice. Some children will not be able to sing these high tones at first, and they must be told to join in on a lower tone. But most children can sinj F with ease when they do it properly, an: many can go much higher. As to the syllables to be sung. never begin with the old-fashioned ah, It is a time-honored custom to sing ah or la; but Inever do it with beginners, because on these syllables the tongue almost always rises at the back, and the toue, instead of com- ing out of the mouth, is forced up through the nose. Instead of this, make the children begin by singing a, like ain may. Tell them to keep the mouth well open, to sing way down in the throat, not up in the nose, to keep the tongue well forward. touching the lower teeth, and to sing very softly indeed. The tone must not be coufined in the mouth, but must come directly through the mouth as through a tube. Some people imagine that singing low in the throat makes a guttural tone. This is not so. A gut- tural tone is made when the tongue slips back into the throat and fills it up. To tell a person to sing low in the throat makes him keep hi ietynx from rising. Constantly urge the se ars to keep their throats wide open, to k P the tongue stretched forward out of the throat, and not to sing through the nose, After considerable practice on a, have the children sing 00, but be careful that the mouth be not too much closed. If it be, the voice will be confined in the mouth, and will be thin and poor, Generally when children play “steam cars” and say hoo, hoo, they thake a very good, full tone. The other vowels may be practised somewhat, but 4 and 00 are the easiest to make well. Ee makes a very good tone when prop- erly sung, but the voice is very apt to be con- fined in the mouth. The tongue must be kept very far forward, and on the high tones the mouth must be wide open. If children do not open their throats well on the low tones, tell them to sing in a whisper. This almost always produces the proper result, 1f they have failed to understand belore. Not that you want them to give a breathing instead of a tone; but the idea of a whisper seems to give them the idea of open throat and open tone. But be careful that there be no breathiness of tone. This is a fault very often noticeable in weak voices, and sometimes even in strong ones. It is a sound hke the rustling of the leaves on the trees when the wind blows. It is caused by using too much breath, A subject which ought to receive consider- able attention is the manner of taking breath. Singers should use the lower part of the Inngs as possible, and not puff out the chest ‘aise the shoulders every time they inhale. This is not only awkward, but it has a tend to cramp the throat muscles, teach a class to breathe properly is to make them stand with their hands clasped behind their backs, with the elbows stiffened, andthen to tell them to draw their shouiders down and back. In this position it is easier to breathe low down and keep the chest from rising. Never urge the ahiis waeee long breath, and never allow them to take breath audibly. The singer who breathes so that he can be heard all over the room makes a great mistake. When it is desired to give the children songs to sing, do not choose low songs, as has always been the mistaken custom. Choose high songs always, and if possible those that begin above G on the staff. It is better for beginners not to have songs of great compass, and they ought not to contain many notes below F on the first space; but when the children fairly under- stand how to sing properly they can sing low tones perfectly well if they do not sing them too loud. But let me protest. Teachers should not pitch tunes or allow children to pitch tunes en- tirely at random. The result must often be that the voices are carried too high or too low. There seems to be no reason why all teachers should not be provided with pitch-pipes, so that the tunes may be set properly. Another very serious mistake made in schools is that of allowing and sometimes forcing boys to sing after their voices begin to change. This may happen at any age between thirteen and seven- teen. No boy ought to sing at this time; it may cause the ruin of his voice for life. Tam advocating a very radical change in the treatment of children’s voices. It is not original with me, though many will learn of it for the first time throngh these pages. Man: people have been unwilling to adopt this method because it seemed to them an innova- tion without correct foundation. One gentle- man, a well-known professional musici said to me recent “To make children sing high songs is a great strain for the voices; it is just as bad as making them play on the piano with cramped fingers; give the hand freedom of action, and you make playing easy and pleas- ant.” This gentleman’s own comparison sug- gests the answer to his objection. ‘Cramped muscles” is the text of the whole sermon that T have been preaching. If children are to go on singing with cramped throat muscles, then singing high songs is as bad as playing’ with cramped hands. Children who sing in this way always find the high notes hard to reach, and if they succeed in reach- ing them at all, it is only in a very weak, though much sweeter voice, which they have been obliged to break into. Of course in any method voices may be taken too high. No one should sing so high that he cannot make a good pure tone. There are women, and chil- ren too, who ought not to sing higher than D (fourth line); but either they are altos or else they have ‘very weak voices. Real altos among children are rare, though many may be edto sing an alto part. But the fact ought to be recognized among teachers is that children’s voices are at least as high as women’s voices, while very little children’s are apt to be higher. This stands to reason: the woman's voice is higher than the man’s be- cause the larynx is smaller; the child's larynx issmaller than the woman's, with the same natural result. The fact that little children are generally made to sing low songs is no proof that they have not high voices. On the contrary, this forcing of the low tones is the chi use of the great lack of musical voices among our children, : If it be objected that there is not time to train the voice in school, Lrepeat that it seems tome much more important than to teach yocal reading, for who cares to hear vocal read- ing ina disagreeable voice? Moreover, this teaching takes very little time. But if no time at all can be given to it, simply to make the children sing high tunes in a soft voice, instead of low tunes ina loud voice, would do much effec ‘The best Sunday school singing that I have ever heard was, the result of nothing but eful singing of high tunes. Besides the change in tone quality, the children would be able to sing in tune, which they now cannot do; the strain of singing at all constantly drags down the pitch. The question of the best method of teaching yocal reading has lately excited considerable interest. There have en several series of wali charts published by different le in America for the purpose of teaching the staff notation, and recently an entirely new system has been introduced into this country from England, called the Tonic Sol-fa meth: is a system of reading music, notation at all, which but by an entirely new notation, ci the letters of the do, re, mi, fa, ol, la, si; simple afd easy to op- spr in England as a foolish i ration; but its advantages hay dice to such ing of old musical syllables i M. let, French ‘minister, that Great Britain not two of the ‘ongway islands, as reported. There was considerable excitement on the yesterday, to the fluctuations in the testa beget shares, which declined from 665 francs to 647, closing after many fluctuations at 655. The smoke cloud that London is sane et rds ve a pales the damage to bhildings at $: - a year. M. T. Barry, a “young Ireland” leader of 1848. died in Cork the other day. Mr. Arthur Hugh Smith Barry, M. P., will shortly marry Mra. Arthur Post, who is well known in New York society. Aconsistory will be held at the vatican on February 11, The infant king of Spain had a reception Wednesday, which was attended by 2,000 guests, including foreign diplomats, officials, and army and navy officers. Isaac Holden, member for Keighley, York- shire, is the *:chest man in the house of com- mons, As ayoung man he was an ill-paid schoolmaster. While teaching chemistry he dis- | covered the —— on which lucifer matches are made. But out of this Mr. Holden made no money. Later he began to devote his mind to the study of machinery for the carding of wool, and a machine was invented which revo- lutionized the whole system of wool-cardin; From the patent rights in these valuable m: chines Mr. Holden receives every year some- thing like $1,000,000. Mr. Holden is two years — than Mr. Gladstone, and is quite as ac- ive, Dr. Von Schelling, who is a conservative, succeeds Dr. Friedberg as Prussian minister of | justice, and Herr Von Puttkamer, under se: tary of the department of justice of Als Lorraine, replaces Dr. Von Schelling. Gen, Von Scheliendorf remains in office until the | war estimates are passed. The King of the Netherlands has gradually sunk into a state of apathy, sleeping most of the time, and it is thought that the end is near. M. de Lesseps states that the meeting of Pan- ama canal shareholders, announced for the 26th instant, will be duly held, although the shares represented may be short of the requi- site number. and that the provisional adminis- trators will present a report. pale wi ‘aaa Serious Riots in Ireland. AFTER A TUMULTUOUS OPENING OF HIS TRIAL, MR, O'BRIEN ESCAPES FROM THE COURT-ROOM. The trial of Mr. Wm. O'Brien on the charge of conspiracy began Thursday at Carrick-on- | Suir, county Tipperary. The government had | issued a proclamation forbidding any demon- stration, but despite this 20,000 person gathered, While Mr. O'Brien was striving to ass through the crowd to enter the court- Bouse he sae seized by a police inspector and | dragged 30 yards. The people were maddened by this treatment of Mr. O'Brien and pressed forward to rescue him. Six hundred policemen charged the crowd, using their batons freely, and repulsed the crowd. Mr. Timothy Healy, who will conduct the de- fense, and who had stepped forward to aid Mr. O’Brien,.was met by a bayonet leveled at | his breast, but he was not injured. A number of reporters were maltreated, Mr. O’Brien complained to the magistrates that the police were attempting to inc! » loody riot. When the case for the crown had been pre- sented Mr. Healy, on behalf of the defendant, applied for subpenas for Lord Salisbury and Mr. Balfour, both of whom, he asserted, had made speeches similar to those of Mr. O’Brien. The court refused to issue the desired sub- penas. The spectators received this decision with murmurs, and the magistrates ordered the galleries to be cleared, While this was being done Mr. O’Brien exclaimed, “I'll clear out also!” and started for the door, The mag- istrates shouted “stop him,” and a constable grabbed Mr. O’Brien. After a sharp struggle Mr. O’Brien, with the aid of some of the spec- tators, managed to reach the street with no worse damage than a torn coat. An immense crowd escorted Mr. O’Brien through the town. Tne police used their bat- ons without mercy upon thi ople, who re- sponded with stones and sticks. During the melee Mr. O'Brien was struck violently in the breast with a rifle-stock. Sgores of persons were injured. The court issued a warrant for the arrest of Mr. O’Brien and then adjourned. Police with fixed bayonets are patroling the Pweg the town. The excitement is fever- Ish. Twenty persons received bayonet thrusts, and some of them were dangerously wounded. At least forty others were more or less seriously injured by the batons of the police. Father McCarthy, charged with inciting boy- cotting, was arraigned at Clonakilty yesterday, The hearing was adjourned. A large crowd which gathered was charged by 200 policemen, and many persons were injured by batons and bayonets. The crowd used stones and bottles against the police, thirteen of whom were injured. One will probably die, and three others are in a dangerous conditio: Editing in Turkey. Ahmed Arifi Effendi is the name of the new director and censor of the press at Constanti- nople, and the following are some of the rules in a circular which he has sent to every editor in the Turkish capital: “Article 3, Do not publish scientific or liter- ary articles too long for completion in a single issue. Avoid the notice “lo be continued,’ which causes an uncomfortable tension of the mind. “Article 4, Avoid blank spaces and sugges- tive dots in the body of an article. They tend to raise suppositions and disturb the tranquil- ity of the reader’s mind, as was lately seen in the case of the Levant //eraid. “Article 5. Avoid personalities. If anybody comes and tells you that a governor or a deputy governor has been guilty of embezzlement, maladministration. or any other blameworthy conduct. treat the charge as not proved, and say nothing about it. “Article 6. You are forbidden to publish the petitions in which individuals or associations complain of acts of misgovernment and call the sultan’s attention to them. “Article 7. You are absolutely forbidden to ublish a word about attempts on the lives of foreign sovereigns, or acts of sedition in for- eiga countries, for it is not good that such things should be made known to our loyal and peaceable po ulations. “Article 8. You must not mention these regu- | lation in the columns of your journal, because | they might provoke criticisms or draw un-! pleasant observations from ill-conditioned minds.” see — Mrs. Rawson Tells Her Story. HER THREE VENTURES IN MATRIMONY—-PROUD OF HER LOY, WHO SHOT THE BANKER. Mrs. Mechie L. Rawson went on the stand in i her trial for shooting Lawyer Whituey, in Chi- cago, yesterday, and told the story of her life. At the of thirteen years she became a teacher in New Orleans, of which city her father was an old resident. At fifteen years she was married to John Slaymaker, a Red river ss towhom she had ‘been engaged since she was eleven years old. She lived with him six years. Charles G. Lee, her second husband, she married at the age of twenty- three. She lived with him very happily part of the time, as he was the only man she ever loved, but he was dissipated and once had deli- rium tremens, After living with Lee a year anda half she secured a divorce from him. Her next matrimonial venture was with Banker Rawson, of Chicago. She said she was not des- tely in love with him, but tried to make ‘im happy. ‘One trouble = of religion. I am 3 i : il! § : F E : j af fl &S8 ff I He i | Dreakfust! : é | bave called a most presumptuous and impu- -| started home to array himself in purple and | silk, made Mother Hubbar« | sleeves and bottom flounce, finished the novel The attitude of parents toward their chil- dren has changed much since our fathers and mothers were little boys and girls, Then the parents were feared more than loved. and. though they controlled their families admira- bly, we doubt whether their system was in the long run the best one for the child. Pa- rents did not make companions of their chil- dren; they did not put themselves enough on a level with them to win the confidence of the little ones, consequently the children looked upon them as persons to be respected and obeyed, but did not consider them their friends. The familiarity between parents and rare would not — to vba boston other—the strict of our ent at Ey need. It is ible to retain all dignity and not hold from the children. The trouble now does not come from the fact that children are so much freer with their parents, but from other things. “Honor thy father and thy mother” is some- times an impossible thing to do in the heart, though that does not excuse us from doing it in action, but parents do not make it so hard for your children. Command their honor and respect by being so consistent that they will be forced to give it. THE SADDEST THING IN THE WORLD is to see a conscientious child trying with all its might to preserve the right attitude toward its ents, but being constantly foiled by acts of inconsistency in them, A little girl said to me the other day: ‘‘What shall Ido? How can ibe a Christian? I cannot honor mamma and papa.” She went on to tell me how that morn- ing her mother had, in narrating some little incident, exaggerated so much as to make it appear cntirely different from what happened. This was only one case. In a thousand little things she showed the same weakness and inac- ‘The child is naturally very truthful, h the clear-sesing eyes of childhood sees all these little faults and condemns them. Is it any wonder that she sometimes reproves her mother im what our grandmothers would dent way? Of course, as she grows older she will learn that there is much to be borne on both sides, and that her mother is only human and she must at least show the same forbear- ance toward her as toward other people. But it galls to be obliged to see glaring faults in the ones above all others it is our duty to love. IT 18 QUITE A COMMON THING to see parents reprove their children severely for some act that they have never becn taught the wickedness of, and when they do not make the men and women they wish the children have all the blame to bear, though it is proba- bly the fault of the parents, It is almost im- possible to counteract the habits formed in childhood, and most parents do not begin early enough in their training. One family I have especially in mind. The girls and bo are nearly all grown now, and they are remark- ably bright and intelligent, but ‘they lack the little refinements and do not pass for their worth in society. Their parents did not give these matters enough attention; they did not b gin early enough to see that their children were forming habits that they would be ashamed of in maturity. Now they are disappointed in the result. e father is a studious man, and left the management of the children to his wife, who is a good woman, but not ® woman who plans and works with system to carry out her plans. Swe allowed things to drift too much, or took her training notions by spells. She sees the defects now and blames the children. She sees others erior in real worth taking their places ahead, becanse they had better training, and ‘wonders at it. IN SPITE OF PRINCIPLE and a noble endeavor to discharge their whole duty in the matter there will always be in the hearts of these boys and girls a bitterness to- ward their parents that no knowledge of the oodness in other respects can quite annih fe, They will always feel that justice has not been done them. that their parents have not discharged their whole duty. Their social life is limited, they cannot choose their associates, they are obliged to take a lower rank than they deserve. But these parents are happy com- pared with those who have themselves to blame for some great moral taint in their chil- dren. If parents will make it - their aim to see that their children can have nothing to re- proach them with they will find in the main that they will not be disappointed in their children. een ae Mr. Scannell’s Stockings. HE DARNS THEM WITH STICKING PLASTER AND GOES LAME IN CONSEQUENCE, From the New York Graphic. George Scannell is one of the many good fellows employed in the surrogates office and is possessed of no small amountof inventive genius. The other night Mr. Scannell had an important engagement for a ball He couldn't afford to miss it on any account, so he made all the necessary arrangements, even going so far as to buy a new pair of black silk stockings for himself. Thus armed or rather footed, he fine linen, Finally when he had donned his new black socks he discovered to his horror that just above the top of his darting pum there was a hole in the left sock about an ine or more in diameter. He was rattled; it was impossible to buy any more in the neighbor- hood, and he had made up his mind to wear black silk stockings or die in the attempt. He becamo reckless in his predicament, and seiz- ing a strip of black court plaster it took but a minute to clap it on and the surface under the hole was as Biack as the stocking. Then he went to the ball and danced. Some time be- fore breakfast he came home. It was cold. Having removed the stocking he attempted to remove the court plaster. But it wouldn’t re- move worth acent. The warm ball room and the exercise had made the plaster settle down to business and it stuck closer than a brother. George got mad andalso got a grip on a corner of the A tes shut his teeth and jerked. Then he yelled and everybody in the house woke up. He had to explain, and the absence of the strip of skin that came off with the plaster is what | makes him limp around the surrogate’s office | and swear on all the office documents that he | won't darn any more stockings with court plaster. ———_+oo—_____ In Nuptial Black. A BRIDE WHOSE LINGERIE WILL BE ENTIRELY OF SOMBRE HUE. From Fashion. Just x little startling to old-fashioned ideas of bridal outfits is the modern idea of black un- derwear. Black hosiery and petticoats are a fixture; night robes, chemises and drawers soon will be. Forming a part of a unique bridal set made in one of the large cities for an ex- | pectant bride are some of these sombre-hued | garments, The black nightrobe is of China | A short, shirred yoke is drawn up with orange ribbons, these to be removed at mepbing. A coat sleeve with a puff at the top, black lace frill at the neck and garment. ‘These black night robes are startling, but they grow on one. They are well adapted for | traveling, for sleeping cars and for possible ac- | Pi cidents. They neither catcy dust, wrinkle nor advertise their use. To be mashed up in that sort ofa garment would be no humiliation. ‘The black night robe is a garment of destiny. The chemise to match is a low-cut, sleeveless [ar trimmed with black silk lace, through which runs orange ribbon. At the waist line | runs « shir, through it the orange ribbon to tie | it down, The bottom of the chemise, finished with lace ruffles, makes the underskirt. The drawers are also of black, and the trimming curves upward on the outside seams, where the ribbons meet in little fluffy knots. eee “He was so bad I had to whip him before he would mind,” said the iady sitting next me. She had been sewing upon a dainty piece of lace, but stopped a moment and looked at me when I asked: | reserved AUCTION SALES. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. = Raaine i FIGHER FLA Fv ee. ae. ‘out of T NOS. ‘ee. 421 Oth at. Un ‘er and by virtne of two ‘heeds of trast = ae a oun FP oe =| PIANOS AND ORGANS. eee hes a ot PIANOS! MUSIC! PIANOS!!! g198. 4 ler supeue Z =m 1] iS 2s. re FD Soong» Day OV JANUARY AD. ro akon ecame aligblly injured. Wer offer thee ak «aS Mey ened ae hale AR Ratage | erty rice ye oe ieee we ae Boner riyeaiddacdn of ru ~~ | e231 Music Store, Sui dub ei. below F. seription of will Tead at sale, sane in of a of and domble harness: horee ‘Sanketa, ‘ay ncts howe | Saxpens & Sranax. ‘collars, dectr bottle wagons, platform w: na Dayton Sinta Soe eee Siar | pBRCRES REN, ween, Erect xerer Sofdie washecm a six aeet of = | Special attention called to our uew style — isining to the bottling bushuess ‘carHied ca at sald ESTEY ORGANS4 Two four thousand (204,000) Estey Terms of The property will first be made E a as hole and ifwo advantarcous offer i rectved ferred organ for Hise ‘Charch, had ang Seid FENDALL E. ALEXANDER, Trustee, | Monthly payuouia” Callan eaantne 2 a | ES are, HANCERY SALE OF VALUABLE TRACT OF TSN Charice st Bak mas EY IGHT WOOD, IN DISTRICT OF . Cc MBIA, FRONTING ON PINEY BRANCH | 38? 1317 Mais ot. Richimond. Va OAD AND SEVENTH STREET ROAD. ee By virtue of a decree of the Supreme Court of the BRE PURCHASING ELSEWHERE SEF THE District of Colambia, in equity cause No. Krakauer Pianos, the Pease Pianos and Bu pe tet a popes Heirs of Lizzie M. 3 at 407 ef G. H. KUHN, ns, deceased, a Practical Piano Maker, General on FRIDAY, the TWENTY-FLFTH DAY OF JAN: ™ 7 2 UARY, A.D. 1889, at HALF-PAST THREE O'CLOCK —xk ah a — a BML, offer for sale, at public wuction, on the pre: Ex Thi A > F mises, al the estate, right, title and interest, legal < nun AL bee he and equitable, of the to said cause, and of x eee ah BS FE rich ould Ltkaie M- Adame died scised and posseesed. K NNN A A BEB EER wine trac : “e Hee ining atone in Sa line of 14th street wi at ms 8 a : hortheast corner co | UNEQUALED IX TON (ORKMANSHIP With ould toed orth 5A east 52.40 feet oe AND DURABILITY. ce nol lexrees cant 52 5 3 ir “New ‘ad 7 tetees cout Sig degrees cast 85.40 feet to the HiGHEST DECURATIVE ART. 4 for rea! § SECOND-HAND PIANOS. — A lanre assortment, thence with said lot north 89% degrees west 339 feet | comprising ost every well-kno make in the to the line of said Nichols’ land, thence with suid line | country, in thorough repair, will be closed uxtt at ve F wwost 104 feet to the besiuning. con- | Jow figures. SPECIAL SEMENTS tered oth 21" acres of land, and improved by a frame | in prices and i terms.w need on "tod also a trick dwelling eneeted partiy ou the | MONTHLY INSTALLMENTS wher, teeised. eacribed land and parily on the land of James WM. KNALE & CO, "but only so mich of seid brick dwelling | 46 17 Market Space, will id asis situated upon the above-descri land. “The property will sold eubsjoct to the undivided half ‘of an incumbrance of 26,000, to wit: $3,000 with interest from June 1, 1883. Torms of sale: $1,000 casti, balance in one and two years, with interost at G per cent; the purchaser to ive his notes for the deferred payments, secured by fie retention of the ttle to the property. niitil patd : or all cash on day of sale or ratification thereof by the court, at the option of the pu ALLET & DAVIS’ PIANOS; SUPERB IN TONE: perfect in workmanship; elerant in styles ; low in . Fine stock preparatory to the Holiday litthst ow BL BO A, Agen’ TALL PRICES FOR © A plat of the property can until the day of | I until changed, are us sale ut the offte of Busimell © Curusl, No. 1008 F White Ash Stove, per, ton of 2, street northwest, and ut the premises on the day of Exe, Nat + Broken, Shamokin Stove, ee Ege Red Ash Stove, Lykens Valley Stove, S. & S. Pine Wood, per cord. bd Oak Wood, = Special prices for lange onicha.” JOHN Pa. av.h.w., 1020 L4thstr-w. 8, Cap and Ist Coan ! Coxe: Wooo: JOHNSON BROTHERS, Wharves and Rail yards, 12th & Water sta. Southwest. fe. $250 down at time of sale . ‘EUGENE CARUST, Trustee. enue northwest. Aucts, jall-dtda, 486 Loui WALTER B. WILLIAMS & reetenere THIS EVENING. Wetter B. WILLIAMS & CO., Auctioneers. E OF BOOKS, commencing this evening and continuing till all are sold. Books at private sale during the day. ‘This ssi ve, to cover advances xnd freight, ‘and affords a good opportunity to fl up Your Ii les at your own price. Auction sale eaoh evening at 7:30 3222-6t ‘R, do8 jak-3m m, _TO-MORROW. /HOMAS ING, Auctioneer. 1202 F st. n.w. 1515 7thst. n. w. Lor basis anor ees unk! Steen 1740 Pa ave:n. w. WEAR, &c., AT AUCTION. 1112 Oth st. n.w. 413 10th st. n. w. Exclusive agents in the District for the sale of some of the best coal mined. Supply more fauilies than any retail yard in the United States, HONEST MEASURE, FAIR DEALING, PROMPT DELIVERIES AND REASONABLE PRICES ha made our business a success. nei ‘TO-MORROW, SATURDAY, JANUARY TWENTY- SIXTH, 1889, AT TWELVE O°CLOCK M., within my saicaroomis, I Will sell, without reserve, ot of fine rwear. 2 Dozen White Shirts, Lot Linen Collars. 167 Pieces Underwear. Lot Hosiery and Neckwear. lik Muftlers. Lot Silk Handkerchiefs, &, 4 ‘These are all good good: vill be positively sold. __MEDICAL, &. __ Terms cash. RLEON, - Its THOMAS DOWLING, Auctioneer. ‘The Oldest Established and Only Reliable Ladies’ WALTER B. WILLIAMS & CO., Auctioneers. | Gan be consulted daly 4 Cat. between 434 and oth sta. 2. w REGULAR, SATURDAY SALE Prompt treatment. Correspondence and consulta- tion strictly confidential. Separate rooms for ladies, Othe ways Open. dw ME. DE FOREST, LONG-ESTABLISHED AND reliable Ladies’ Physician, can be consulted dail er residence, 901 T st. nw. Office hours from m. with Ladies only dy18-7m"* HAS NEVER BEEN CONTRA! Dr. BROTHERS is the oldest-est sician in thia city. Ladies, youcan confidently consult Dr. BROTHE 206 B st. s.w. Particular sttention paid to ull diseases peculiar to mari = RNITUE in BOOK CASE INGKAL DOLE Terms cash. it ss WALTER B. WILLIAMS & ©O., Aucts. — TEYHOMAS DOWLING, Auctioneer. REGULAR SATURDAY SALE OF HOUSEHOLD EFFECTS, IRDAY, JANUARY TWENTY- NCING at N O'CLOCK A. or single. At my salesroom: Forty years’ experience. SIXTH, 1589, CC - Ms couprisiuie pets. Stoves, Mirrors, Chamber and Dining ‘urniture, Meat Rack, Bench, Tools, Aixtures of a Provision Store, ‘ALso, at TWELVE M., Horses, Carriages, Harness, & MANB0up BESTOr ED BY USING A BOTTLE Dor two of Dr. BROLHERS’ Invigorating Cordial, Will cure any case of nervous debility and loss of Rerve-power. Jt imparts vigor to the whole system. Male or ferualé 906 B st. s.w. Ja3-lan* EAD AND BE WI5E—DK. BROTHERS, 906 B ST. se appeared before iue and made oath that he is the Gidest Established Expert Specialist in this city, aud will guarantee a cure ib all cases of private diseases of men and furnish medicine, or no chance ; cousulis- tion and advice free at any hour of the aay Sub. scribed and sworn betore ime by Dr, BROTHERS, SAMUEL C. MILLS, « Notary Public, in and for the Di oat Columbia, this tuird day of July, 1855, ar DMOrTg FRENCH POWDERS ARE THE Standard Remedy for all blood diseases, causii throat, nasal, or skin troubles < in forty-eight hours. | Pric r. DODD'S NERVL iN entrap BROS., Auctioneers. ‘RUSTEE! E SALE OF VALUABLE UNTMPROVED LATE ON FOURTEENTH STREET ED AND SPRING STREET NORTH- By virtua of a deed of trust dated November 10th, 1888, and dnly recorded in liber 1348. folio 356, &c., land records of the ct of Columbia, request of the party secured thereby, 1 will tion in front of the premises, TURS- FOURTH DAY OF JANUARL, A.D. ¥-PAST. P on the north side of Spring street, at with 14th st. extended, being known as lots one, two, three, twenty-two, twenty-three and twenty-four, and ts of lots 1 to twenty-one inclusive, (except lots aud teh), aud twenty adjoining lots, all ‘bein for- ;, urinary I per box. permanently cures ervousdebillty, &ey ¢ ¢ Holmead ‘estate, “Pleasant Plains,” | &. $1. Sent sealed by niail. For sale at tobe boid os ‘Der plat, which canbe seen at the ses. | i931 STANDIFORD'S, cor. thr and F nw, tioncer’s, _———— — Terms: One-third cash; balance in one and two nraretel years in equal pasments with interest at @ per cent PROFESSIONAL. per annum, payable semi-annually, and to be ‘secu = = y deed of truston the property. A deposit of 8100 will ME. BROOKE TELLS ALL THE EVENTS OF be required on euch parcel on the a of sale. If the LIFE. All business confidential. Ladies and ms of sale are not complied with in ten days from of sale the property di il be resold at the risk and cost of defaulting party after five daye, public potige Uemen 50 cents each. 408 Lst., between 4th an: sts, now. set 4-18 ~ r ROF. CLAY, WON GIFTED © mena ee Prorat, Astrologer aud myitual Meditia Bora 5 with second and veil. Every hidden my Ga jal4-d&ds C. M. ARMSTRONG, Trustee. Yes ie ere Ieat toledo ayeiery re t#~ THE ABOVE SALE IS POSTPONED ON AC* m treasures. Gives lucky numbers. ses apeedy count of the inclement weather ett THURSDAY, | Te .— cm pod 7 14 THIBTY-FIRST SANUABY, A.D. 1880, at eame hour | jn business, Removes all femnily troubles s nd ov tn of others, Judge not all alike, as the Professor can con- Vince the inost skeptical. Strauers frown other cities M. ARMSTRONG, Trustee. cte.__2b-dkds_ | will savo time and’ disappointment by calline oo the ©. DUNCANSON BROS,, Ante! ja! yLIN meer. only genuine clairvoyant in this city, as he succeeds eS where all others fall, and atvertines onl it he can ™M SILVER PLATE. Go. Sittings, Se. es pa on receipt Speclal male of stock “af Quadruple ‘Silver Plated | $1. Name: Tock ot har, dave of Hours 9 to & ‘Ware, &c., comprising about 300. pieces latest desi: pet 9 ari aaie i tobe sold at ny anita ers MONDAY, | a20-tolfe 421 9th st. mw. ANUARY TWENTY-EIGHTH, 1880, commencing i | a hag at ELEVEN O'CLOCK A.M. ould be Taney attended, as the goo are Doxr Temz Wir Your Exes. d will be sold without limit ju24-3t YEW TWO-STORY BRICK DWELLING, . F Dr. 8. GALESEI'S Opiical Offices, 925 F st.n.w, ep afiords you the opportunity to have your 4 wiae eee oe amined free of charge, and if required hace wuch Glasses adjusted to your eyes as will be proper to cor- rect eye optical defect, no matter bow seemiugly severe. Iustrated catalosue containing useful hints regard- ing the care of our eyes free to any address upon ap- plication. the preihises, PART OF LOT 16, SQUARE 898, fronting 22 feet 1.144 inches on Sth streeteast near East Capitol street, and improved by a new well-built two- story and cellar brick dwelling, eight rooms. ‘Terms: One-balf cash; balaice in six, twelve, and eighteen months; notes ‘to bear interest and to be se- cured by deed of trust on premises sold. or all cash, at ion of purchaser. A deposit of 8200 required at Conveyancing, &e., at purchaser's cost. Terms complied with in ten ys, otherwise the richt Tod, fo, ronal at the rink aind cost of defaulting purchaser after five days’ publie notice of such resale i ished in Washingt c. F_ LEWENBERG, M. D.. Manager. TAL INFIRMARY.—TEETH FILLED REE DE and artificial teeth in some newepaper public jon, D.C. neerted without charge, except ‘Abstract e. cost of material, at 1325 H st. n.w., Dental Depart- ‘ANSON BROS., Auctioneers, ment of Columbian University, from 1 to 6 p.m. y. x —— — = except Sunday. Extraction ‘free. open | lmpalcaaconmntee BROS., Auctioneers. from October I to June 30. 4-3 “ CER :. . R. ‘ARR PARSONS, DE! IST, STH ST., ASSIGNEN'S SALE OF STOCK OF GENTS bee Ente, Allnye weprcalay Theta coi j e Without pain by pain-killer applied to gums. Artifi- cial th inserted, aching tecth saved; hours ¥ to 5. mb? &C, CONTAINED IN | J). DUKE, DENTIST 5 14TH N.W. TEETH AND IN FRONT OF 2 PENNSYLVA- extracted without pain by aid of local application NIA AVENUE N.W., A TION. prepared and nsed ony by me. Teeth filled, #1.. Per- By virtue of a deed of dssivnment made to meon the | fictftting sets artificial “Teeth. Operations sunt: 19th day of January, 1%: by Chas. L. Ulrich & Co., I | anteed. 2 ell at public auctio ihe above-named store on. will Mo DAY, JANUARY TWENTY-EIGHT, 1889, AT YCLOCK A.M, all the sto goods, &e.,cou- taiued therein and partly mentioned above, to which I invite general attention. THOS. J. LUTTRELL, assignee, ‘Cor, 20th and Pa, ‘The assignee will receive pr fixtures in bulk: wp to day of cS 26 DU ‘ANSON BROS., Aucta, UNCANSON BROS., Auctioneers, os RECEIVER'S SALE OF HORS! CARRL HARNESS ko Breas AN INVIGORATING TONIO, CONTAINING PERUVIAN BARK, IRON, ano PURE CATALAN WIRE. Mira Indigestion Fever & hve, Loss of estion, Fever appetite, Porness of Bland, Netralgla: be, 22 Rue Drevet, Paris. E. POUGERA & 00., Acents for the U.S, 30 NORTH W! ST., N. ¥. By virtue of a decree of the’ Supreme Court of the Districtof Columbia, passed in equity, in Era 1, we will sel af public anctio WENTY-SIXTH DAY OF JAN TWELVE O'CLOCK M. siproperty ahd partnership elects of the ond ersonal property an nership effect e n of Olcott & Go. consisting of eix horsea: five riages, three harness, bianke' further partic: ‘aii een y can be — on the FILL jal4-a rpuomas DOWLING, Auctioneer. USTEES’ SALE. B yret a of trust in liber 124: ‘sod at the written request of the bolder f mest of the hens secured thereby, we VES JANtARY TWENTSNINTH, at EIVE, OCLOCR ML one cole of the und tor folio 464, Columbia, the notes PAPERS. In presenting THE EVENING STAR in its new Gress anti improved form, attention is called to ite Peculiar merits as a news and family paper, as well as to the extraordinary advantages it affords advertisers. aligh professional authority—which in this tm Stance only expresses public sentiment—has de clared that “THERE IS NO BETTER EVENING NEWSPAPER IN THE UNITED STATES” than THE Stax. But even more than this may be justly claimed for it, In all that relates to the composi tion of a first-class journal, devoted to news, bust ness, family and local affsirs, it takes rank with the very best in the world, and in the special qual ities named it is not surpassed by any. 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