Evening Star Newspaper, May 20, 1882, Page 2

yr eee For Tre Evesine Stan. Sonnets of 7 Season, —Spring comes sailing in from the sea, with wet and bevy cloudsalls, and the misty pennon Of the E nailed to the mast.—Loxevai bow: I 1 Hast thou named al ©, be ms SON: = the binds without eRe teach uv E Driven by str The t They By May Perhaps By th And nd drizzling rains war, Nature wears the color of te spirit.—ANOs. Tet those who list Impstir Of skies Cerspread by a Of winds that now moat And word, and field, and ps rato, From all thes: things 1 ture's self me te = Chet tly omplatn of clout iow pleasure gain, to be prow > my soul b yeme Is val, Tlearn fr that she tyti ferent To what v or thint sufler: she Goes he VOY. Tor cyres What nath be ours. On us not her do oar Eelieities Depend: anit we our own vttectton see In ight ant shy flowers. + pte ts and gorgeous * During the post sonable and wnse voles 4 fellow bE SuomManse. Woods near Goorgetorn Mh A Frichste To the Exitor of ‘Tue Py J desire. throuch ty to call the atte \eisnace. wrAR. uum of your paper, Distriet Com Vir I cannot believe ofliciais, and parties can be awa at ers to the horrible gout from 4! to Ist street, whic! 1 nia avenue, possibie any of th their sani though | had been forth its conditions it do them the justice tol» fact. as it seems ha: er, to them, Tums e such is not the pestilent corruption to exist within the Capitol I could not have believed it did I colar and m believed possit 's laboratory toevoive, however well supplied with the raw materials; but I shall | never more doubt her cajy in this direction. The raiiroad company uxe this portion of the avenue unload their cars, and from twe've to twenty cars are unloaded here daily. In the op- eration the black oleaxine mud is kept con- Stantly stirred and churned up, and a fruitful €rep of poisonous exhalations permeat atmosphere, to the immine lately put ting below the t and ma nate: 80 cali the With a nanser and abeeint: fully apy Now will the Hon. Co: bet- ally cure the evil by paving this portion ? God knows it it, Do let w zard the citi f the 3 be- snsof A Crrizen. rht be well trict of Golumbia, sard for their own health, to ate this matter. a Washington Esthetics, of the Evexixe Stan. ie is reported to have found Wash- ington lacking in desin. He was mistaken No eity has more de a ground p B tilinear streets, crossing at right angles, are tolerated here only as a b extending in magnifi nating in imposing stru res, or vanishing in the soft horizon, give force and grandeur to every view. It was certainly unkind to ig only esthetic property, Tbe! tow possesses which is ly is for avenues, which ore the plan, the @, that Washing- > apex is easily pen it and for a the fieure, not ¢ , nor narroa is quite beyond u: wf ay or fine bi of wooden pos but this is evident thete who bas never Sign. As the trian; better to ad 8 boulevard model. 4 statue, suffice beyond is 0¢ examp! rate’s office, a pe or isoccupied by a store hay age; in any case, ihe de: rehase one « les and 1- eur tri to the Lon- News: “Without aspiring to the title of Dr. Pangloss, I believe I may say I have dis- covered a cure for sleepiessuess. To count in- sheep is a sort of wool-gath and coming home shorn of steep. To say the alphabet backward awakens so many dancing figures of wreat A, little a, and boun set my wits on ed: juste with poppies, Such praiseworthy processes of the mind requiresapplewienting bya bodily pro- fess. ‘This proud discovery is mine. Marry the mind to the body, as in healthy sleep, and the deed ts done. This {s my process: Think of if your mind ru: y , of snow, of daacin: among to pass by shelf after shelf of them, punetually turning their backs upon sue; the mere thought of the uncertainty of their pages would be fatal to my repose. Having set my fancy wondering, {take jhe forefinger of my right hand and describe a Circle; and thus tarning over in my mind booksand circles, it will go hard with me if the one does not pre- Sently melt into the other and the whole into a dream. I maintain sleep must follow ifthis pro- cess ix curried on with streasth of mind to stern- ly cheek ail quitting of those two great points, aconzenial walk for the fancy and persistence In deseribing circles. But the jade fancy must mot tnra aside, nor must the hand swerve. Circle must follow circle, book must follow book, like the strokes of a pendulum. Tae mind, Dr. Baird would say, becomes hypnotized, and gare and sorrow lose themselves in death's twi it, and memorials setting | < | would not contain ten thousand inhabitants. =| But they TO WHOM DOES THE CITY OF WASR- INGTON BELONG? Some Suggestions of Interest Upon This Point. To the Editor of the Evenrne Star. It will facilitate legislation regarding meas- ures proposed for the ithproyement of this city if members of Congress will definitely settle in their own minds one or two fundamental propo- sitions. To whom does this city 6f Washington j belong? By whom, with what purpose, and | for whose benefit was it established, and is it maintained? Is its improvement a matter of | national or local interest ? ‘These questions are | not difficult to answer. In an’examination of our | his on constitutional law no one would make ake In answering them. Thiscity BELONGS TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED | STATES, It is not an ordinary municipality bat a | Mationat capital. It was established by the | people of the nited States acting tfrough | their representatives in Congress assembled. its inhabitants are not an organized community. They are mere tncidents to a national capital. ‘There are no citizens of Washington, in the American sense of that term. Not only have they no peculiar or independent control of the city in which they live but they have absolutely | less authority and influence in its management | than a citizen of Maine or Texas who has a vote | for member of Congress. So long as a mere exercise of power is in question | NO CONGRESSMAN HAS ANY DOUBT as to the exclusively federal character of this | , city. When, afew years since. an extra tax of | | three per cent was imposed upon its property | Owners as a sort of punishment for alleged abuse | of authority by federal officers, there was no | | hesitation in asserting the national supremacy } without regard to the wishes or interests of the | Inhabitants. There are never any scruples about the disbursement by the National Lesislature of | the money raised by local taxation, nor in as- other respect, the most abso- | ¥ ver the city and itsinhabitants. Itis of the is appropriation of the mone: rninen! | seem to forg acter of such and justific | then br Ss respects its purpo: ion. The inhabitants of the city are | ht to the front. The matter is dis- | cussed upon the assumption that they are the | real parties in int t, and that such appropria- | tions are exclusively, or primarily at least, for their benefit. SUCK APPROPRIATIONS ARE TREATED AS QUASI DONATIONS, and opposed, criticised, and r There will be no intel of measures for theitprovement of the city wilsuch ideas are rooted out of the minds | of our national lezislators. ‘Who are the in- habitants of the city of Washington? It is not nercial cit. It is not a manufacturing ha isons Celre as an agricultural i capital, and is not and eis To realize how jeally this is true it is would be left of the city should it cease to be the seat of govern- ment. It is sate to say that in ten years it ‘icted accord- | nt considera- TTS POPULATION MAY BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR eLass First, the large number directly in the employ of the government. Second. the perhaps larger number unofficially engaged in and about the | conduct of the various branches of goveramental | business. Third, persons who having the | means have been led by their tastes to select the national capital as a place of resident Fourth, traders aud laborers engaged in admi istering to the wants of the three precedin: e It is easy to see that neither of these ishere for any other reason than that | this is the national capital. to see why either or ail of them shouid be charzed with the responsibility or burthened with the ing for the wants of It has become an a legislation that they are neither to be eh: | With or permitted any responsibility exce to payment of expenses, like that of other i { necks communi ‘est Tt is an It is also diMcuit pt as Nor is this population a consolidated, homo- nearly all. more or le nd basi . Close pas relations with the have come. In other haracter of its papu- erninent distinctively national. It is not acity uf and for its resideats, but of and for the people of the Uni rowth aad improveuent | the prosperity of its i f the nation. Lin the uccess of its resi- upon thee pr jopinent of the country Itis only by recogniz- i bearing them in inind a3 tt legisiation that questions respect- i iraprovement of the city can be fairly and wisely considered and determined. TUE PROPER INQUIRY | in reference to any proposed improvement is not er it will benefit the present inhabitants of | the city, but will it bea uational benefit. It is | only when and because it will ve for the benefit | of the people of the United States that a mem- ess is justified in appropriating for | the purpose money from the national Treasury. It is true that every improvement of the city benetits its inhabitants. Jt enhances to some extent the valve of private property. It adds to | the comfort, nealth and pleasure of residents | | who are not owners of property. ‘These consid- | | erations form a proper basis for local taxation. | re only secondai of themselves lation for sucl ip nents as is appropriate toa national capital. | ; They are proper considerations only so far as | ' they affect the primary controlling conside of na alinterest. The prime question then for the consideration of @ meimber of Congress is | M A NATIONAL POINT OF VIEW 2 It not desirable tha Id be a large, populous, healthful and jul city. Ido not propose to discass this | question. Whether President Washington and | | the contemporary Congress were wise in pla a city of this chai whether a! ious and attractive city, drawing to itself trou every part of the country a resident popu- | lation of ad refinement, | discharging pubiie duties; whether the ci | ofthe republic take an interest in its capital | and wiil receive with satisfaction and pride such | nt of its natural advantage: will , yof unrivaled beaaty, which it | inquiries ia respect to bers of Congress are like! ious which will not be changed by ars | ment. Lonly wish to point out the importance ,of forming “and having on hand for ready | use a and weil settied conviction, | oue the other, upon the gen- | above stated, The member #s who regards it as a matter of indit- eto the national goveriment or to the people of the United States whether or not the | capital consists of anything beyond the public pulldings necessary fur the transaction of the iness and residence aecomm: engaged in its transaction. will } cally refuse to vote appropria- | tions for other than’ these purposes. On the | other hand those who think ita matter of na- | tional interest, that the capital city should in | ali which makes a city admirable and attractive, | corresponk to the greatneas and wealth of the nation, will consider themselves in the per- | formance ofa duty attaching to thelr. position of @ national legislator, in appropriating from the public treasury for its improvement and ho entation. They will not suppose that in | 8e doing they are acting in the interest of the | present inhabitants of the city, and charitably | doing for them something whica they ought to do | for themseives. THE ELIMINATION OF THIS FALSE PREMISE | will tend greatly to simplity and give precision | to the discussion of measures for city improve- | ment. It is perfectly Just that those who reside | and own property in the city should contribute to the expense of its local government. They should be,”and I believe ate, willing to bear | their fair share of this burden and to cheerfully ; Sabmit to sueh reasonable taxation as Congress shall impose upon them for this this is a thing entirely disti im) ons | way | orange. blossom, blend harmonious! the national cap- | fi | BRINGS BACK | mine the fragt f iro or in controll! of its de- taile, thoy contribute largely one out the general plan of imptovement by the erection, mostly with means acquired elsewhere, of elegant and tasteful structures for private resi- dences and local purposes. These are an essential feature of a aational capital. They will peal Geet fos sominest een tectural in proportion as the city shall, in its general foatiiea, be made attractive. It is not my to discuss or make any Suggestion as to the amount of tax to be imposed upon the inhabitants of the city. That is a mat- ter for the discretion of Congress. If the present tax is too small, let it be increased. My argument concerns only the principle and pur- pose of such taxation. It is a tax imposed upon them by the representatives of the people of the United ites for the privilege of living in the national capital, and for the protec- tion and advantages ofa local government created and controlled by national authority. For these purposes any tax which Congress sees fit to impose is legitimate. But it is not a legitimate purpose of such taxation to raise means for car- Tying out a scheme of general improvement for the national capital. The execution of such a scheme concerns the people of the United ‘States, and in respect to it the inhab- itants of the city have neither authority nor responsibility. It is an abandonment of the whole idea of the establishment and mainte- | nance ofa national capital to assert that the condition of the measure the purity of its atmosphere an the beauty of its surroundings shall be wholly on partially dependent upon the ability of its residents to contribute a proportional part towards the expenses of its improvements. To the extent of their ability, and in just proportion to the advagtages derived by them from such improvements, let them pay taxes into the na- tional Treasury. But there is no reason why the placing of this capital under conditions worthy of the nation by which it was estab- ished,—to which it exclusively belongs and by which it is exclusively governed and con- trolled,—shonld be limited or made to depend upon any such accidental factor as the tax- ing ability of the small fragment of its pop- ulation, who have chosen it asa place of resi-. deace. H. its streets and avenues, of its water supply, For Tar Evenine STAR. ‘The Music of the Flowers, A scientifle-writer, treating of the influence of certain perfumes, states that there are octaves of odors like those of music. Certain odors blend in unison, like the notes of an instrament. For instance, hetictrope, almond, vanilla, and \v. each pro- es of a similar impression. The citron, lemon-verbena and orange-peel form a higher octave, which blend in the same man- ner. Tien, there are semi-odors, such as the Tose and rose geraniums, for the half notes, and soon. If this is true, and I believe no one has risen to dispute the statement, there is more to be admired than we lave heretofore known in the flowers we love so well. Let us assume, for the sake of a little mental exploration, that it is true, and see where in the real of the ideal it may lead us. If the odors of the flowers are analogous to the notes of muste; if, peradventure, they mi be arranged to represent melody and harmon; the flowers, according to their tones and sem tones, being the notes, or portions of the chro- matic scale, how much music there is shut up in the wonderful mystery of sweet perfume Songs grow by the wayside! Symphonies, ui heard except perhaps by the angels, are in the fields and in the trees, and whole operas in ci servatories and gardens, music that might e: rd by human ears! intimated a belief in RHYTHM OF FRAGRANCE, though none have ventured tar into the unex- plored reain. Shelley says in one of his little poems that the hyacinth flung from its bells “Music so delicate, soft and intense It was ‘elt like an odor within the sense.” The language of the flowers would, indeed, have higher and holier meaning than ever yet understood, if it could be translated and inter- preted in music that all could understand, as all do understand the music of any language, thonzh the words themselves may fall upon un- ecars. How much, in addition to ty and delicate fr bouquet. would the beholder, if he unde sweet sound the flow according n his mpositi awaken the most delightful *enrotion By the magic of this seientiic formula, melodi ¢ to hear, st F please and 4 misic to which the world pays deft and homaze, would become visible: We cou!d see it, not as ordinary black and white musical ters, but as we see the sky at sunset the eye would revel in the beautiful while th ear would be enchanted by song! WE MAY GO FURTHER in this line of speculation, and fancy that the the heiiotrope, the hyacinth, tits, the mizaonette and other fragrant flowers, in varied combinations, represent the sweetest of sweet songs, while the ailantus, the dai: he dandelion, the garlic and others of low degree, in union, perhaps, with higher perfumes, stand fer comedy, negro melodies, the airs of “Pinaiore,” the ‘Pirates of Penzance,” and the like. Tie blended perfumes of the violet and the e for example, may give us the air Sweet Home.” Possibly the jimpson ed, with the wild pium, or some other neutrs ne@tone y represent “Yankee Doodle The dog-fennel, with some odorous bark, may ‘tand for “Oid Dog Tray.” The melody of the st Rose of Summer” may come to us in its ‘ance. The fleur-de-lis of the royal insignia of France may baye its own interpretation in the soul-stirring air of the ‘*Marsellaise.” And how do we know but the sweet melody in Men— deissohn’s Wedding March is the fragrance of the orange blossom, which la made a symbol of the holy ceremony. me Where My Love Lies ming” and ** 3 Lullaby” may be the ‘ance-tones of the lotos-flower and the ‘The “Drinking Song,” we may well ented by a piteher-plant. jome till Morning” is a nizht- and “¥ South in nolia. Some bright flowers, the score of “Hail may give the air of ily, that 80 loves the restless tide. may represent ite on the Ocean Waye,” and the strangely beautiful lower, with its solemn and hallowed be the melody of Slabat Maler to Thee.” x illy-defined the theory may be. certain it is that the fragrance of certain flowers, ned ne ALMOST FORGOTTEN STRAINS OF MUSIC, olden memories and incidents that otherwise wontd fade trom the tablet of the mind. I never inhale the perfume of the locust without at the same time hearing the tones of a bell that have lingered long In my memory. To a friend of ‘ance of the honeysuckle brought to mind the old song ‘Allan Percy,” because he once heard it sung while he sat on a porch overgrown by the woodbine. To many the odors of the tube-rose, the violet and some ger- aniuins produce sadness, because they revive the soft and solemn dinges of the grave. This may be the result of association, and again it may come from the vibration of hidden strings | touched by the sweet fragrance or the flowers repeating the melodies that sometime haye been | heard and left reminiscences of song. The written notes, the mere characters on | Ines and spaces, are of themselves simple and vaimportant things; but, arranged by a Mozart, a Beethoven, an Offenbach, or a Stranss, they become the symbols of entrancing music. char- acters that, once fixed by the master hands, are neyer forgotten, representing melodies that in- spire the human heart, and lift it into a heaven of delight. If by toucb divine our eyes were made to see, athe great composers saw before voice and instrument awakened the strains that were in their souls, what beautiful music of the flowers to us now unwritten and unexpressed might be made known! What grand sonzs and choruses we might get from large conse! tories! What oratorios from the blooming fields! Whut beautiful solos and duets from along the streams and on the hillsides! After all, it may be but a passing tancy, and yet it Is pleasant to give it play—to think ‘that the birds get their inspiration, may see the scores from which they sing so divinely in the woods and in the fieids, where the tlowers bloom, and where there are fnfintte types of har- mony and beanty. of science Is based upon the truth, so thet a pescect a bed of rOry, Tight of spring and sum:ner. may have for usa steater element of interest in these. ole ambrosial Toses, an elaborate conserva- PNEUMONIA OR LUNG FEVER, Its Definition, To the Editor of Tre Evaxrve STAR. Pneumonia and lung fever are synonymous terms, and mean an inflammation of the lungs. This disease is not only very common, but rapid and exceedingly dangerous. Its of the utmost importance to have it recognized as early and promptly as possible, in Order to institute that care which will insure a correct and rational treatment of it. An idea of what the lungs are can be readily attained by an examination of the lights of the hog or calf. They present an exact resemblance to the human lungs. The outside of the lights presents a shining, smooth and glistening ap This outside ap- pearance is the pleura, meaning the skin or membrane covering the lungs, and an inflamma- tion of this covering constitutes pleurisy. If the lights are cut across their length, anda look is taken at the cut surface, what is called the substance of the lungs will be plainly seen. An inflammation of this inside or substance of the lungs is what is called pneumonia or lung fever. When the outside coat and the substance of the lungs are inflamed at the same time, pneumonia is caused, and is an inflammation of the pleura and iunge going on at one time. DIBEASES MISTAKEN FOR PNEUMONIA. How a mistake can be made in not recogniz- ing pneumonia seems almost impossible; but it is a lamentable fagt that other diseases are fre- quently mistaken for it, and treated in a man- ner that none of ite symptoms either warrant or indicate. The diseases most often mistaken for it are billous, typhoid and typhus fevers; and it isan astonishing fact, not commonly known, that pneumonia is often taken for an ordinary case of billous fever, and in the most tatal man. ner pronounced and treated as an attack of ma- laria. It always begins with chilly teelings, or a decided chill; and the occurrence of these chilly sensations, or severe signs, explain why it Is liable to be taken for and treated ag mala- rial fever. It is common in winter or cold weather; but may, and does frequently, occur at any season of the year. Its cause is “catching cold,” or suddenly checked el ria and in summer it is often produced by sitting or sleeping in a cool draught while the clothing is wet with perspiration. “It is essentially an inflammatory disease, and 1s as much so as an inflamed eye, hand or limb, and fulfillsall the nature and char- acteristics of an inflammation in any other part of the bod It may be either bold _or insidious. in its invasion. Its beginning is often sudden; but now and then it follows in the progress of an ordinary cold, and does not prostrate until @ ‘fresh cold has been taken. ‘The inflammation is sometimes deeply seated, or situated in the center of the lung; and then, for days, it often remains masked, or disguised, giving no otlier evidence of its existence than a slight occasional hacking cough, accompanied by chilly sensations, general feverishness, cold feet and impossibility to keep the body warm. Sometimes partial sweats occur; and when this is the case they are. usually cold, and the slight- est change of temperature causes the body to Shiver and shake. This condition is apt to be taken for the effect of malarial poison, and qui- nine makes it worse; and it does not yield until the proper treatment for inflammation of the lungs has been instituted. 17S SYMPTOMS, Pneumonia, like all other inflammatory dis- orders, may be sudden or slow, severe or slight; and may continue for six or pn weeks, or de- stroy life in twelve or twenty-four hours; but for- tunately, its mortal suddenness is by far the ex- ception, and not the rule of its conduct. It has definite symptoms sufficient to render its recog- nition and detection easy, and a well-marked ease cannot be readily mistaken for any other for it genera disea: onl, ithout, but. ning is denoted by a chill, or seyere shivering. his chill or shivering usually comes on after going to bed not fecling ag well as customary. In afew hours after this chill or rigor, fever, headache, pain in the side and limbs, with a short cough and dificult breathing, loss of ap- petite and sick stomach make their appearance. The breathing becomes rapidly increased, and at the end of the first twelve hours a long breath caanot be made without severe pain iu the side. The pain is generally felt. Just. below the nipple in the side over the lung inflamed, and is ometimes so acute that questions cannot be wered without frequent efforts to hold the h. If aneffort is made to take a long an expr&sion of pain is manife: and ‘a feeling as though the air did not go more than half way down the chest is experienced. The pulse is full, freqnent and hard, and the skin hot and dry. ‘These are symptoms of the ; and at the expiration of {iis thne more positive and characteristic ‘The individual now lies upon his back. He cannot lie upon his side without greatly increased discomfort. His face is anxious and flushed, tending to a blueish tinge, and the tongue is moist and covered with a eream-like coat. The breathing is short and accompanied with Increased activity of the nos— trils. It is usually performed with the mouth ‘Open, ‘anda long’ breatis enanot be. tocar without the excitation of a stich in the side. The cough continues short and frequent; and aiter repeated painful efforts at cough- ing, @ tough. round bit of expector is expelled. This expectoration is charac of pneumonia. It is thick, tough and sticky, of a red color, varying fromadeep pink to the color of prune fuice. icks closely to the side of the cup in which it is spat, rans together when a number of expectorations have been made in the same vessel. and looks exactly like brick dust mixed intimately with mucilage of gum Arabic. When this rusty expectoration is present, no other symptoms is necessary to tell the existence of pneumonia. If the ear be placed against the back over the inflamed lung, acrackling or crepitating sound will be heard with each act of breathing, and the sound so heard is precisely like noise made when a lock of hair is rubbed between the finger and thumb near the ear. The mind is usully clear, but in Severe cases there Is wandering during the day, and delirium at night. This disturbance of the mental powers is owing to the imperfect purifi- cation of the blood by the inflamed lung. Dur- ing the existence of these symptoms the pulse continues quick, and the skin, hot, dry, and pungent, feeling acrid to the touch, and shows ing no healthy moisture until the inflammation begins to subside. PROSTRATION OF STRENGTH. From the yery beginning of pneumonia the prostration of strength is appareatly positive. ‘The eppression about the chest is so great and the interest in getting the breath so intense that very little movement of the body can be made without assistance; but this early and de- cided prostration of muscular power does not arise from the depressing, but from the oppres- sive influence of the disease. It is often mis- taken for weakness, and leads to the disastrous error of giving wine, quinine and opium under the delusion of relieving it by such means. The prostration is not like that which arises from xeessive loss of blood, or from the exhausting discharges of cholera, but is like the oppression caused by an unbearable weight placed upon the chest. The blood accumulates in the lung just as it gathers in an inflamed eye, or ina felon, and the lung can no more be used with freedom of action than can an eye or finger be exercised when inflamed. That the prostration 1s more apparent than real is fully confirmed by the fact that much of it instantiy passes oif as soon as twelve or sixteen ounces of blood are drawn from the arm or quickly taken from the back by wet cupping; and if this loss of blood be followed to a snilicient extent by those medi- cines which depress, and not stimulate, the sys- tem, the inflammation will soon begin to yield, and the lung to slowly resume its natural functions. Pnenmonia usually attains its height about the fourth day, and, when properly treated, recovery is perfected between the seventh and Rabat aed days. If left to itseif, improperly treated in the beginning, or treated as malarial fever, recovery is very rare; but, fortunately, it is a disease easily recognized, and one for which experience and science have long since devised an almost certain and fitting treatment; and, under the auspices-ot an early recognition, and auhcousiate management, its mortality will iy reach ten per cent. A summary will show that pneumonia, as a rule. is sudden in its invasion or attack, comes on with a chill or ehivering, followed in an hour or two with fever, heotarse. pate in the side, sick stomach, short cough; h 5 rasty expectoration; and when an individual suffers these symptoms, he should immediately suspect that he has an attack of umonia or tung fever, and ly see that It is at once properly J.B. Jonxson, M.D., »j, 822 New York avenue. fleld unfolding its blooms in the sun- | °P UNTRAVELED WAYS IN THE CUM- : -BEBLAND RANGE. Forests, Mimes and Scenery. VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY LANDS—HOW WE GOT TO POUND GaP. Correspondence of Tax Evenine Stan. Povnp Gar, May 10, 1888. A glance at any good map discloses a large extent of mountainous country in eastern Ken- tucky and the west side of the Virginias. No railroads traverse this region, and to the out- side world it is largely a “‘terra incognita.” Es- pecially ts this true of the Kentucky side of the mountains, Having received a commission to try, im company with a very able young lawyer of Chicago, we found it difficult to learn the best route. Raflroad guides and experienced travelers were alike at fault. No public con- Yeyances penetrated its depths from any of the well-known lines. Abingdon, on the whole, Seemed to be the nearest railroad station, so we embarked for that place. The Midland road, admirable in its perfection of track and excel- lent management, takes one to that point by early bedtime from Washington. The ride was a delightful one beat the great Valley of Virginia, with its magnificent swelis of rich oil, noble forests, and grand mountains rising in¢he distance. At early morn we were up and in- quiring our way to the UNKNOWN REGION OF KENTUCKY. We were directed to Pound Gap as the most Practicable route. With a good team and stout spring wagon, our journey began. We soon suspected that our driver was as ignorant of the Toad as ourselves. So we turned about and examined him on his geography quite pointedly. His answers were about 4 satisfactory as those of the average graduate of the Washington high schools taken off his guard. Then we went back to the livery man and had Noe (that’s our driver's name) “crammed” for the occasion, after which he refreshed himself and mounted the seat. For aTew miles we had a good road leading along up to the mountains, amid pleas- ant farms. The soil Is a stony red clay, and excellent for wheat, grass and corn. ' The orchards are also very fine, and some vineyards show what might be done in viticulture. ye soon enter the mountains and begin to realize the answer of our driver to my friend's Temark that “the horses w not y fast.” “Fast enough for the road, I recko! was the sententious response of Noe. We found it about so. Indeed, the great trouble now was to hold them back. ‘Up hill we went slow enough, but When we came to d nd poor Noe, gentle and docile as his own team, but innocent of ali skill in driving, let them have their own sweet will. ‘The brake was out of order, and the average in- clination of the hills fifty degrees. It was often a matter of serious doubt whether the horses or the wagon would get down first. The high grades were not our only difficulty; rocks, from the size of a man’s head to a bushel basket, often filled the roads long unused. “PULL Url PULL up!” was the oft-repeated shout of my companton, but Noe had not been taught to keep his horses weil in hand, and down went the whole machine, leaping from rock to rock, wagon and team in a mad chase to get into the river first. It was an honest wagon, anda broken reach was the only serious result. We looked for something to mend with—no hammer, hatchet, or nail aboard, and no house for miles. So we turned to the harness, meager enough certainly. The check reins, which I esteem an effete bar- barism, with our good friend Bergh, were tied round the broken reach. and enabled us to go on. Thereafter we walked up hill to save the over-taxed strength of our team. Then we walked down hill and held on to the tail-board of the wagon to keep it from falling on the horses. This arrangement worked well, and was continued tilMhe horses refused to concur, when we struck and parted company, some days later. At noon of our first day we had made fourteen miles. We struck a bright flashing stream and followed its narrow valley for a short distance, emerged into a lovely little nook of choice farm lands covering a few hundred acres. Here lives a fine old couple named Han- son. They treated us to some nice fresh butter- milk and brought outa pan of Abram apples well preserved. They had lived here many years, but had two sons in Iilinois, whom they had visited. Fine fields of wheat and grass gaye evidence of good soll and good farming. On again, over the rocky roads for miles, rise, steadily following the valleys of streams. The hardships of the trip are forzot- ten in the choice bits of scenery which contin- ually surprise us. Now we come to grand for- ests of oak, poplar, and other hard wood trees. Dense groves of hemlock, with bireu and maple at intervals, in full foliage, recall to us the northern woods of our boyhood. Now and then afresh sparkling stream comes dancing down the mountain side, fora few moments delights our eyes with its beauty and our ears with its music, then disappears in. the forest depths. Beetling crags, hundreds of feet high, hang over us: below, precipices awful to contemplate, and our road often cut in the hillside, so narrow and badly gullied that no one will risk the ride. We encounter at last A LEVEL TABLE LAND covered with good soil. It is two thousand feet above tide, and splendidly timbered with hard wood. A waterfall of such Picturesque beauty that it can never be forgotten greets us as we descend from this loftly plateau. At night we found good quarters with a hospitable mountaineer. Sweet milk and fresh butter and egas with honey and fruit made our corn bread and soda biscuits go down very easy and set well. ‘The clear cool mountain air and long March days gave appetites that might have caused a panic at a fashionable boarding house. Crossing the Castleriver, a bricht pure stream to dream of in summer days, we rise along the slope of a lofty range of mountains, our road often coming back upon itself in its serpentine windings to gain the summit. The prevailing rock are shales or soft slates. here and there intersected by masses of granite, slenite, and trap rocks. Heavy beds of sandstone now come in, We encounter also vast masses of pudding stone conglomerate. These are rocks made up of little pepbles cemented together. The peb- bles are almost entirely of milky white quartz. Extensive chestnut forests, the finest I have ever seen. are here encountered. Beech, hard maple and hickory, with tulip poplar are also yery fine. The rocks are less annoying now in the road, being softer and more easily removed. They have been powerfully disturbed by up- heaving forces, and are seen rising in regular fstrata thousands of feet in the mountain archi- tecture, often highly inclined. We come soon into Wise county, Virginia, and pass through Gladesville, the county town. Here is another expanse of level land 2,300 feet above the tide, and reminding one in its gentle-undulations of the billowy prairies of the west. Some tine and well cultivated farms lie in this charming moun- tain retreat. It is scarcely possible to realize that we are on the top of the lesser range. Here we find coal in seams from two to four feet thick and of fair quality. North of this, in Buchanan county, GEN. BUTLER HAS RECENTLY BOUGHT 100,000 ACRES of forest and mineral land. A Mr. Henderson, of Pittsburg, is buying largely in Wise county. The price of land ranges from one to ten dollars per acre. Capitalists are seeking these lands for their minerals and fine timver. We called at Mr. George Kilgore’s, an intelligent gentleman, long residing here. We saw upon bis farm a great variety of fruits growing in perfeetio1 and the crops upon his farm atiesten aad ot the best quality. Every condition seemed pres- ent for peee physical existence. But the iso- lation is complete. The mountain walls close in round it, and seem to imprison the few Yeo- ple who live there. Still tl is only apparent; y and contentment were attested in the comfort around these fiomes and the healthful and cheerful faces we met. re examine a large tract of land lying in that coun-., Richmond and Western has its parties in the field seeking an eligible route to the blue grass country, and to RE its way out by the timber and minerals. le says much ansylvania capital is quietly coming into these mountains in advance, a fact quite apparent and an evi- @ence of wise forecast in the iron and coal men of the Keystone state. Leaving our pleasant friend with regret, we ascend another mountain—masses of heavy- belted sandstone, usually light gray ana stained with iron, abound. In some we observe very distinct and beautiful fossil plants. They are the Impressions of tic reeds, clubs, mosses and other ancient tropical plants which formed the coal of this geological period. In some cases these impressions are scaley and resemble huge fishes as they are at times supposed to be. The rock is often dull of these plants. When Tailroads reach this region the collectors of Zeological wonders will find arich field here in fossil botany. COAL,I8 SEEN OUT-CROPPING in a cut by the wall side beneath the sand-rock- We know that these formations, now nearly 3,000 feet above the sea, were deposited under its waves. The sand-stone came from the wear- ing down of granite and other rock. The plants grew on the adjacent shores. They were washed into the sea and buried by the accumulating sands Just as masses of driftwood now accumu- late in the delta of the Mississippi. By chemical changes their substance is converted into coal more or less perfectly. These sand-stones, with their enclo: stems and impressions of scaly bark, represent sunilar operations of an ancient river flowing through tro) forests millions of years ago. That river flowed from lands to the westward into a sea that then stretched over the sites of Virginia, eastern Kentucky and Pennsylvania. So these rocks onthe top of the alleghanies tell thelr unmistakable story to-day to the intelligent questioner. They bear in their own strata the clearest evidence of these mighty revolutions. But the key of these hiero- glyphs must be learned to decipher them. Geol- ogy gives that and restores the past to us, re- placing these forests of oak and poplar and all the modern flora by a wealth of strange and gigantic forms such as the tropical forests only now present in their most perfect development. Like the modern peat mosses, gigantic aquatte plants formed the body of the coal on low-lying lands which were sunk by vast subsidences be- neath the sea. And these changes of level and successive growths are recorded by unimpeach- able evidence in the existence of a thousand feet or more of sand-stone slates and seams ot coal. Each seam of coal shows a surface above the sea and growing aquatic plants. The beds of sand-stone with broken plants throngh it show a period of violence and subsidence of the land. The slates are only hardened clays or fine mud deposited in still water, and show th period of rest. So the grand succession is corded here which fills the intelligent mind with wonder. We descend into a quiet valley and find a farm-house and a beautiful flower garden. Here lives Mr. J. T. Chase, who came over the mountain from Tennessee when a young man, who has been a merchant and is now a farmer. He is a regular ANDREW JACKSON LOOKING MAN, having a wonderful resembiance to old Hickory in style and character. We were well enter- tained there. Mrs. Chase presides at the table with a grace that would excite admiration any- where. Leaving Chase's we crossed the stream which waters the litt!e valley and begau the ascent of the Cumberland range at Pound Gap. A few hun- dred feet ascent brought us to the summit. We stood on the top of the Cumberland mountains. Here, also, we are on the line between Ken- tucky and Virginia. Upon the smooth sides of two large rocks which rise above the summit some artist has inscribed in bold script ** Ken- tucky Virginia.” We climbed these rocks, baited tne horses and indulged in proper reflec- tiona. There is, properly speaking, NO GAP HERE AT ALL, There is a practicable road over the moun- tains, but no peak, with lofty walls, as at Cum- berland Gap. Moving forward a little over the level summit, with its stunted trees, a magnifi- cent panorama suddenly unrolls before us. We are upon the precipitous wall of a tableland,and so high as to seenre an unobstructed view as far as the eye can reach;in vast waves of billowy green stretch away to the horizon the magnifi- cent forests of southeastern Kentucky. We are three thousand feet above the sea, and the view is impressive and grand beyond description. No sign of man, nor of his works breaks the ma- jestic solitude. Here and there, above the ocean of sott verdue, with its varied tints of green, rises a sharp peak, in rugged contrast with the repose around it, and two immense eagles are soaring over our heads. Into these mysterious forests this wilderness of mountains, our path leads. When we come out we will tell our friends what we saw there. E. B. SSS ee The Sunset Route, We leave New Orleans at noon, if we are going to Texas by the Sunset route, and if going through without stopping, ride steadily westward the remainder of the day and all night, to reach Houston at seven or eight o'clock of the following morning. There, if we are going on at once, we make close connec- tions, again push on all day long, and reach San Antonio at night. I did not go through thus directly, but I mention the arrangement of trains and the time required in order to con- vey some Impression of distances In that part of our country. I think, however, that no one can have an adequate idea of the vast extent of the state of Texas without travelling through it. From New Orleans to Houston most of the country is low and flat. The water is nearly everywhere brackish, and in every door-yard you see a huge cistern, or wooden vat or tank, ve #round, to receive the rain-water from the roof of the house, for domestic use. Very often the cistern is nearly as large as the house. The cabins of the negroes in western Louisiana are roomy and comfortable; they are mostly, in- deed, small framed houses, all of them having outside chimneys, built of sticks and clay. These are cheap, and, when well constructed, durable and safe. Much of the land near the coast.is very fertile, aud, when dry enough for tillage, produces excellent crops of sugar-cane and cotton. Where the land becomes higher the live-oak is abundant. It is & very handsome tree, usually growing with alow, spreading top, and looking much likea greatly magnified apple- tree. This resemblance half domesticates the appearance of the rolling, open pasture-lands where it grows.—June Atlantic. A Monster Telescope. The principal bequest of the late James Lick, of California, was $700,000 to be devoted to the purchase of land and to putting upon tlie same a telescope, superior and more powerful to any yet made, besides all the necessary machinery, together with a suitable observatory conn therewith. In order that ite made useful in the promotion of astronomical research, it was stipulated in the will of the deceased philan- thropist that upon its completion it should be transferred to the state, to be known as “The Lick Astronomical Department of the Univer- sity of California.” The contsact for the construction of the achromatic astronomical object glass, having thirty-six inches clear aperture, was let to the firm of Alvan Clark & Sons, of Cambridzeport, Mass.. in January, 1881, for the sum of $50, 212,000 of which was paid on signing. The lass is deliverable at Cambridgeport on or be- fore Novemberl, 1883. The definition of the glass shall be, in all not inferior to that of the telescope of twenty-six inches aper- ture of the United States Naval rey: at what two rays or portions of the solar spectrum shall be Exit tovehe tems Uy Gan cheotioen action of the ses, or failing to do this, the contractors may fashion the curves of the giass so as to give the most perfect athromatism. eas died satinfact a ugh discs in two actory ro Jnol ty ihe constractars. ‘THE LOUBAT-TURNBULL ScanDAL.—Mesars, Loubat and Turnbull are iy RELIGIOUS NOTES. THE WORK OF THE WEEK—PASTORAL CHANGES— REVIVAL RESULTS—THE QUESTION OF SUNDAT TRAVEL TO CAMP-MEETINGS, £0. — Of the 194 students at the Richmond Insti- tute this year 63 have the ministry In view. —Rey. Father Spencer, of St. Dominic's church, hag gone west, and Rev. Father Collins is officiatin® at that church. —The death of Rey. A. Campbell, for forty years an itinerant minister of the MF. charch in the Troy (N. Y.) conference, is announged. — The Methodist Protestants propose to erect ‘a mission home at Yokohama, Japan, for which Py Ae raising the necessary funds—about — Mass for the repose of the soul of Rev. Father Royle, late of St. Matthew's, was cele- brated at ‘St. Patrick's church, Baltimore, last Tuesday, —The Rev. De. Wm. J. Reid has Just com- pleted the twentieth year of his labors as pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church of Pitts- burg, Pa. seph Cook is expected to arrive in San Francisco avout November Ist from his round-the-world trip, and will resume his lec- tures in Boston next winter. — Rey. Dr, W.H. DePay, for twenty years past assistant editor of the New York Christian Ad- vocate, (Methodist Episcopal), sailed on the 13th instant for Europe to visit bis daughter, and will return in the early part of July. — J. N. Darby, the founder of the sect known as the Plymouth Brethren, in England, died re- cently. This is the sect that Rey. H. Grotton Guiness and giev. J. Denham Smith, of Dublin, united with some years since. —The Rey. James Smith, an English Baptist missionary at Delhi, in speaking of the progress of the Gospelin India, says: “Thirty years ago we used to have aconvert every two or three years, Dow We count them by scores annually.” — Rey. Winfield Scott, known as the Baptist apostle of Kansas, Uolorado and California, isin the city and preached in the Metropolitan Bap- tist church on Sunday. Dr. Parker, the pastor, baptized six converts on Sunday night last, — Kendall chapel, in South Washington, in which a Sunday school of about 300 Is now located, is about to have some altera- tions and repairs made, costing about $1,000, for which the school asks assistan —Kev. Father Fulton, ot St. Aloysius church, | has returned from his northern trip. He has been absent on a collecting tour with a view to the further reduction of the heavy debt on the church, and will go away again next week. — Rev. R. D. Roller, rector of Trinity Episco: pal church, Martinsburg, W. Va., has received a call to St. John’s Episcopal church, Mobile, Ala.,-one of the largest aad wealthiest congre- gations in the south. —The members of the Y. M. C. A. have ar- ranged totender a reception to Rey.Geo, A.Hall‘ state secretary ot New York, and Thos. K. Cree, secretary of the International committee, Mon- day evening. Mr. Hall was formerly general secretary of the association in this city, — The General Assemblies of the Presbyterian charch are in session this week, the northern body in the west and the southern body at Co lumbus, Ga. While there isa strong feeling for fraternity between the two great branches of the church, organic union finds but little favor, — The statistics of the M. E. Church South, the general conference ot which is now In ses- sion at Nashville, Tenn., show a large increase, the membership being now 860,687, the Increase during the past year being 13,000. ' The Increase in missionary receipts for the past four years has been $111,436 over the preceding four years. —The Rey. John P. Morris, pastor of St. Mary's Cat holiechurch, Plainfield, N.3., suddenly resigned his charge Thursday. His resignation isthe result of dissentions in the church, aris- img from dissatistaction on the part of a few members with his financial management in con- nection with the erection of a church building a few yeafs ago. —The Sisters of Notre Dame, who have change of the large parochial school of St. Aloysius’ parish, In which about three hundred girls are daily taught, have organized the anuual May procession inhonor of the Biessed Virgin Mary, and it will take place to-morrow afternoon at usually for fair weather. — Rev. Dr. Bartlett, the new pastor of the New York avenue Presbyterian church, will en- terupon his daties on the first Sunday in June, Dr. Bartlett’s salary at Indianapolis was precisely what the New York ‘avenue church is to pay him, and his church in Indianapolis made a strong effort to hold him there. He, however, came to the conclusion that there was a larger sphere of usefulness for him in this and he accepted the call. — Sixty-five ministers of other denomina- tions have, during the past two years, it is stated, bren ordained deacons or advanced te the priesthood in the Protestant Episcopal church: thirteen Congregationalists, eleven Presbyterians, one Lutheran, two Second Ad- ventists, seventeen Methodists, twelve Baptists, three Universalists, one Unitarian, one Re- formed Episcopalian, one Moravian, and oue Hebrew Rabbl. — Rev. Father Alig, of St. Mary's church, In this city. is again quite low, and a few days ago the last sad rites of the church were adminis tered to him by Rey. Father Walter, of St. Pat- rick’s, in the presence of some of his clerical friends. Rev. Francis Tewes, recently town, Md., is officiat said that in case of succeed to the pastorate of St. Mary's. — St. John’s Episcopal church, Hagerstown, Md, is to be consecrated Tuesday, June 6. Mr. C. C. Baldwin, who donated the handsome me- morial tower, recently erected, together with representatives of the New York clérgy and officers of the Norfolk and Western and ville and Nashville railroads, will be present. The church edifice, as it stands completed, rep- ‘resents an expenditure of 250.000. —The Rev. Dr. Tully, a Presbyterian, of Oswego, preached at the Spiritualists last San- day. He said there were some people in Oswego on the brink of insanity from thelr belief mn the delusion. He wanted the mediums tested asking them where are the murderers of Lord Cavendish and Mr. Burk before t ph offered £2,500 forany medium who wonid report the news from the Old World to the New, with- out meeting with successs. —At a recent meeting of the Woman's Foreign Missionary society of St. Louls, a mils- slonary told of the difficulties of learning the languages of India. A change of accent made a great difference. The missionary that tried to tell the Hindoostanee audience that “In My Father's house there are many mansions,” in- formed them that “In my Father's house there is much butter.” And a most learned minister