Evening Star Newspaper, February 4, 1882, Page 2

, 1882—DOUBLE SHEET. THE PROPOSED EXTENSION OF THE BELT RAILROAD. Official Correspondence im Reference Thereto. GUITEAU AND THE GALLOWS. The Scaifola Weady, Wf Required. A DESCEIPTION OF THE FaTAT. ENGINE—PREVIOUS EXECUTIONS UPON IT—THE LAW as TO EXSCUTIONS IN THE DISTRICT. COMPLAINTS OF THE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT OF THE DISTEICT OF STEZETS DAMAGED BY THE RAILROAD COMPANY, AND THE COMPANY'S ANSWER, Engineer Commissioner Twining, January 6th, sent The seatTold upon which the convicted aszassin Guiteau will be executed, if the motion of his communication to Senator Rollins, of the t committee, stating that at the request of over Morgan, who had handed him Sep- 49, to provide for the extension of the pitol, North © street and South Washington T.llwy, he therewith presented bis views on the propose extenston. COMMISSIONER TWINING'S PROPOSED AMENDMENTS 10 THE BILL TO EXTEND THE ROAD. He said: “Iu addition to the substitution of the words ‘9th street’ for the words ‘B street,’ in line ten, I recommend substitution of the words ‘B strvet’ for ‘Ohio avenue,’ tn line twelve, the object be prevent the Toad from cutting directly acruss the square formed by the Intersection of Tonisi=ni anf Onto avenues, which spice is now by law reserved for a general market for the sale of certiin specified products in bulk. see no objection to the bill in this form re it has work before. It was | © ution of James icted of the murder te be hnag June eonstructed in 1879 for Peyton, « colored man, ¢ of Jaco Dy: 2th, 1879; but on Ju sentence was life, and he t him. Peter Lewis, ini! Was trie! at thes. e rten years. APITATION PY THE ROPE. the new scaffold was used was i in itself, but T earnestly urge that no privi- bon hel Oe Soest ol nna, | lege. should be to this company Stone, April 2d. , and his head was | wot they shall have conformed to the require literally severed from bis body by tne rope Stone was convicted of the murder of his ments of the Commissioners in regard to their | tracks. ‘Their condition has been such as to cause | anuisance upon the streets which they occupy, wife (October 5th, ), and sentenced to | and it hus been my Intention to recommend to the be bung December 20th, 1879. While the ease | board that the work of repairing their roadways | be let by public advertisement to the lowest bid- was penili day passed, | dcr. and certiticates issued against the property of and the exe | the'roid tn rdance with liw. The company ed untii February 27th, sideat | his also, under a power of extenston granted by ted a reprieve until This be- | the last Co up the north end of 11th Ing Good Friday a further r “ for one week, and the cution took place ess, torn | stret without laying their tracks, leaving that | sireet fa an boininable conaition. hold that 1 e “1 | Stch conduct on the part of a company holding a Apri Scher p tN Spebbctgt dl ns Sypenuion | Sunabte franchise should debar tt irom favorable d to his counsel, Mr. AK. He, | consideration in the matter of further extensions , and pointing to | gnti the cause of compiaint shall have been re- is where fll stand, | mova. = Tis be did: but be ouestneNT WHETR, OF THE RAILROAD COMPANYS i heavy that the rope cut ead | cLars To HAVE COMPLIED WITH THE ORDERS off, and while the blood from his trunk was! op rae pisrRicr COMMISSIONERS. | “r he up! th acura fof on ecto and ne | In the letter-of Mr. Charles White, president of i tion took piace in | that railway company, to the Commissioners, of wale of the build- | the 30th of January, he states that his attention and there was com- | has been called to a communication from Major uber of spectators (uot | Twining to Senator Rollins, of the District com- | Bulttee, In Which he complains that the company {has been derelict in the performance of their | obligations as regards the paving and repatring | Of pavements, &c.; und states that he is not aware of ao fastance Of an oficial order or request emanating from the engineer department and received by the raflroad company that has not ing. by pat over 150) pr A DOUBLE HANGING. The last case of murder in this District in which the death sent was that of Joseph Neverson, alias Babe Bedford. Eaward Queenan and Sandy Pion, the three colored men | ben complied with, except. a conversation be- tia were couvteted off iaurder of George | teen Misett and Dr. Wallace, concerning the reece ereneeren 5° two squeres of macadam ploughed up and re 188. This case prub- t than any preceding | ting, pare Philip Hirth, January 7t! ably excited more inter trial for murder in this Dictri by the former superintendent of that com- lwhich are not by any means Impass- also states that the company fully intends to continue {ts track to Boundary’ streel ant he did not think {t necessary to replace an’ roll the street, as tt originally had been done. He Uinwks the Belt line road has come as near in the fulttilan nt Of its oblt S Other street ruil ¥ corporations hiv that the com- y ¥ Means a Wealthy one, and that lo the ut. times to meet upon { ¢ ive h have ne to the streets along chs. pa: these demands he and @s in the case of | t trial of the term. nineteen days were con H the jury ti ed on the Ist of 5 men, H. 1 dolph Cosle, (both of whe Q nd, as the records of U.S. aiforne the latter being one i-trict will show, there are now no claims by assistants at rs. T. FM the District government agulnst the road; and he M. Smith, J. F. Riley and J. A. Hayward fi ck mg that in future tt will be the otion for a new trai, which was arzued road to comply with any orders motion fer a new trai, errilesd, 4 and department. LIEUT. GREENE'S COMPLAINT OF STREETS DAMAGED BY { THE COMPANY. ; | _ This letter was referred to Lieut. F. V. Greene by | Major Twining, January 31st, and an answer was aext General | Teturued to the Engineer Commissioner saying: General Term. tl The macadam on 1th street, from V to Evorts | a ploughe! up without any notifiea- ends of the | vey last July con'tion before the rallroad company but Thy Liapassable and senate the statat m heari nt below wa de by ave the “r, \ud he sent word that he would lay and repair the road In about two weeks. other two, Bedford and Qo. uted | Some time l:ter] again called his attention to this, November 1th, 1880—the drup falling about 134 | and he seat word he did not intend to lay his track odock atall for the present. ‘This street has bee! aged to tie extent of about $500, Tillroad comp my should be required to repair it belore any (urther privileges are granted them. 2 Written “notice was sent RIPT The scaifuld is now i building, wiv SCAFFOLD. ling in the north Was last used in from the Conmissioners’ office, November 4, since | 1881, to repur the impasssble weoden pivement between their 11th st b en N trac ant O, within Aft to this ‘oattentio: s been de sets. Spechal Deen made in November of the of the track on P. street, hada ation made of the whole that over 4,000 coacreta n> of this ards Of cobble and if were Tequired to I submitted to you on > dule of the wors, with re tiken to have it done. ¥ promptly the b’ he unter Dis Tepair of two fect outside of tt aving inside of Its tracks 1s worse ad auiple dred before ound ia p At the bottom iz Tope pa enced ol GO An Eloquent oe fora New Road to the Jail. | To the Ea cs | es an improvement to one pproach, which has been Pert it me to su | Certain De Erected in the very worst locality in the Dis- | a ea i wader ord DEADLY Maiti making them about the triet te a. HOW iet of Colum! very impo The United States Jail, rtant Department. it has now been x Vv & attended with greate dif- To co the y by ail Pedestrians on account for use it is necessary th t Impassible Roads that must be and the hin. ‘vuch, net over, on account of mud |& mire. Six years, and uot a single street tor and | Stated to that point. It is not by any means smeter ad | ay unimportant matter to oar Citizens and ‘tom here, a5 | Business men. and I Earnestly pray for and 80- licite your aid throwzh the Colléma of your aper, to have something done. through the ssioners, in regard to haveing at least a t walk made to the U.S. Jail. The fature is Continually filled with Dread and fear stai aninch in It isnot the ci the jal here Int fact, with ofthe manufacture of rope the iron the structure has been made in t building. There are ov hand now several ropes purchased for hanging purposes. ‘ok to the author of your faith, and several have been received at the pitying glance at the poor low sal- Uted by persons anxious to have th: yees of th 1 & work-house, who Guiteau. When it is m ary to | Is vainly trying to gild the By Exposing seaifold, a rope will be man’s knot will be may of the who is quite an expert at Thea it will be Fun through the center hole of the cross beam, thence to the side, passing down one of the Sto acleat on th re it will be lack is four to six the knot the rope is | vith suxp, j Where | their very lives by plodding to and from that | Isolated Department. there is a few building: in the city of our Capital, that are magaifficent structures, and fully answer all Expectations with beautiful streefs and Avinues. But what {a Contra: ntiful and Masnificent what a picture it represents or from afar. like Every other place re are a greate Disparity between the In some p easily a of the | high ana the lowly This indicates that Disparity. or other grease is used, but | There are always a dark side to all such lavish and his associates prefer lexance as Washiagton Displays. and this is soap. There is also on hand a the Dark side. Let a street be graded through— supply of small rope to nse in | from th st East. to 19th say A, B, or C streets ms and legs of tiv vie nis £ before the drep a bay of s: eet-cars will at once lay a track, jandrun their Carrs to that point. Let this be shed and our lives will not lay in Dif- | ferent Weighing from 30 to 50 per cent. more t ee: Crrizexs. doomed wan. Never hay with -| Rae deut or mishap ina har migration. n this test a4 alivost us | To the Editor of Tux Evers: a It is to be hoped no such travesty on Ameri- principles as distinguishes the House bill 40), reported by Mr. Page, will be for a mo ned by either heuse of Congre The billis in direct “conflict with the treaty pro- ela haf October last, aud its introdu being allowed. , time to aliow fifteen or tw vices prior tu the tr: thirty min should would still be gmple t in the matter of Chinese to prepare and rig an- Geer twe b reemaee | mnoring the conditions | } mn pas. v sist- TUE DISTRICT LAW As TO | cat the Gee gard to the Di of the bull, 5 How is it possibie American Congress seriously to consider as (made applicable only to Chinese), repugnant to the concession ({n tele) ou our part to these people of “all the rights, privileges, immunities and are acoorded to the citizens the most favored natien.” of Congress would dare propose tions and odious requirements of s a or German de: 4 to return from t to bis own country? How is it possible to acile the imposition of such unheard of provisions with the 2d article of the treaty, | which provides thatthe “Chinese laborers who | are now in the United States shall be allowed to | go and come of their own free will and accord.” | As the provisions of the bill may readily be 1 by any Chinaman embarking trom ot | p for our country, there would be but little practical result from the passage of the act, but itis to be hoped Congress, out of respect to ur country. will not for a moment do more than reject that of which the discussion should bring a biush fo the cheek of every houest American. Twould be iad to Know where the brilliant California statesman finds authority for “the Secretary of the Interior” (see. 4, iine 1), to con- ‘custom honses,” and executions in c at but a limited rmitied to view d in the Con: and is as bia is su Bumber of spectators them. The law is to fou dated Statutes of the District, lows: See 1,093. Persons adjud shall be prison in tl closure where. Sec. 1,094. It shall he th oF ope of his de prigon, const the warden or Proper, to atte: Bee. 1,005. T Invite the distr er. two or more p Fespectable citizens te be execution, and, at the be executed, shall al atives, and any ininisters « than three. to be present See. 1,096. No persons tioned in the two prec person whatever under ti Years, shall be allowed to w cution. f the gospel, not 1 | 1 y-one | ness AUY such exe- | { It ls evident that the bill has been rather to tiekle the fancies of Califor- t politician han in the expecta— tion of its approval by res ‘he members of the eo: tee who approved the report can ve but little regard ior admiration by their { descendants. 2 GUITEAU's cers Guiteau was for two me confined in the cell in which Bedford paxsed his last moments — | Queenan being in the adjein one. After the assassin of the President was shot at by Ser- Geant Mason September ith iast, he was re moved to the ceil which Stone vcenpled for sev- Vtg ne before bisseseegrion. on the a —— witty, east sic, directly apse ee Make Somebody Giad,” urges a recent poem. Hundreds of young mea can comply with this y bidding her ost night two J ‘The street was in | to wus company | sts an indecent haste in | ect theeolivctors of | cae soc, bs sir teen, wed se bse THE CITY’S POOR. Less Suffering this Winter than Last. , WHAT THE POLICE AUTHORITIES SAY ABOUT IT— ‘TRAMPS SAID TO BE DISAPPEARING—THE PROS- PECTIVE WORK OF THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES— TRE LIMITED FUNDS AVAILABLE ¥OR THE RE- LIEF OF THE POOR—SOME REMARKS ABOUT STREET BEGGARS. The comparatively mild winter weather thus far has been greatly in favor of the laboring classes aud the unemployed poor of this Dis- trict. Although there is much destitution and suffering growing out of the dull business of last summer and scarcity of employment the present winter, yet it is true the pinch from want in its varied forms has been as nothing in comparison with the suffering one year ago. The praiseworthy efforts put forth by the be- nevolent societies throughout the District has led a Star reporjer to make inquiries as to the extent of distress from want felt among the poor. From information furnished by the police it does not appear that there are many extreme cases. The past, however, may not be a criterion. for the future, and cold and want may yet abound among us. The efforts put forth by THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES to mass all charity funds and all information re- garding cases of distress, with a view of a more intelligent distribution, so as to reach the meri- torious cases, has some good features about it and should receive a practical test. By some it has been spoken of lightly as an impractical and visionary scheme. but when it is considered that much relief has heretofore been bestowed upon unworthy objects of charity, while the worthy ones have been overlooked, no one should dis- courage any good plan of reform in this direc- tion. The efforts made at the public meeting about one year ago at Willard hall resulted in raising a fund which was disbursed by the major and superintendent of ft poser This fund was as satisfactorily bestowed, perhaps, as has any situilar fund ever been in this District. FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR GfMARITABLE PURPOSES, No such call has been thus far made this year upon the citizens, and there is no pubiie fund from which relief can be procured for worthy | cases, except a small balance in the hands of the District Commissioners, known as the market house charity fund. The $15,000 appropriated last_ year by Congress for charity embraces the market-house fund, which annually amounts to about $8,000. This appropriation has been nearly all expended in the payment of salaries for the physicians to the poor, for the purchase of drugs and medicines for the Central Free Dis- pensary, and the purchase of food for the sick poor, when prescriptions have been given by the | physicians. * A monthly contribution of #100 bas been made to a benevolent association of Washington | and one of $30 per month to a similar associa— | tion of Georgetown, leaving a very small mar- | gin, which has been from time to time allowed. to the superintendent of police for the relief of | cases of great emergeney. This appropriation has to cover the fiscal year ending June 30, 1882. The night lodging house has heretofore come in for a small contribution from this fund, but owing to the scarcity of money this disburse- ment had to be discontinued this year, and thus far the lodging house has depended solely on private contribution for support. WHAT THE CUTEF OF POLICE SAYS. Major Brock stated to a reporter yesterday that there are a great many cases of application to him for relief, but he is compelied to turn all | away unprovided for, except in extremecases of | want, where sickness prevails. He has had but | $700 since July last from this fuud, which has been laid out in the purchase of food and fuel. The lieutenants of the several precincts have also been instructed to give orders upon grocers and dealers in fuel for yery limited amounts in | extreme cases of destitution. In some of the | police precincts there has been considerable des- | titution and suffering, especially for the want of | Tood and fuel, but the officers state that the | pineii has been’ nothing in comparison with last | year. In South Washington, and some other Sections, where the colored people mostly con- sregate, the suffering is most apparent. THE DISTRICT COMMISSIONERS ate that their only hope ofreiief for the poor is in the appropriation asked from Congress to complete the filling and grading the low grounds south of the Capitol—about $21,000. This bill is now pending in Congress, and members are in- clined to look with favor upon it. The Com- missioners believe it will be passed, and if the money is made available at once, worthy poor men will be put upon the work immediately in | working parties under the proper superiniend- ence, as has been heretofore dune. DISATPEARANCE OF TRAMPS. Tt is a fact worthy of meution that the class of worthless tramps who. for several years have infested the police station houses and night lodging house, have nearly all disappeared, and those who apply for lodging are of a better class, embracing mechanics and laborers looking for employment, and ex-soldiers and sailors looking after their claims before the government depart- meats. The station house lodging rooms have not been filled as formerly, and a much better state of things prevails among the poor than in recent years. THE NIGHT LODGING HOUSE ASSOCIATION, | finding that no aid was likely to come trom the | poor fund as formerly, opened their lodging house on the 8th of January, depending for funds upon contributions from the generous public, and so fur hve managed to keep the pot boiling. The average number ot applicants have thus far been twenty-six. A supper of soun and bread, and a breakfast of good coffee and bread, are furnished, besides bath and lodgings. The heaith officer has furnished vaccine matter, and each inmate after bath has to submit to vacei- nation. Upwards of fifty have thus far been treated free of cost. THE STREET BEGGARS | are plentiful, and appear to be mostly confined | to small boys and girls, both colored and white. The police say that many of them are profession- als, and are seat out by their parents, who in many cases are drunken or otherwise vicious persons. sa rule, it is perhaps better not to | give them money, but food if hungry. There is another class who beg from door to door. These are becoming quite numerous. So.e of these are deserving cases, and should be relieved when frazments of food or cast off garments can be spared. It i always best to ascertain the true situation at their homes if possible, which can many times be done without niuch trouble by visiting or by inquiry. The police state that some are too indolént to beg, and prefer to take their chances at stealing, knowing if caught they will be more comtortable in jail, where they Zet plenty to eat and warm fires without working. WANTED TO GO TO JAIL, Afew days since a colored man, in the sey- enth preeinct, stole ham in open day from ‘ocery store, and coolly walked out with it not n attempting to run away, giving th owner aiple time to send for a policeman. The | otlicer arrested him with the ham in his posses- sion, and took him to court the next morning, whi he got a comfortable free ride and ninety days free board at the jail, This will bring him | out bright and in good eonditien next spring, when he will be ready for pienies and river ex- cursions during the summer. There are scores of such both in the jail and workhouse. WHAT THE POLICE LISUTENANTS SAY. Lieut. Austin, of the seventh preciact, says there isa great deal of destitution in his pre- cinct. The scarcity of fuel just at the present | time is a great source of distress. He states that the applications for relief since the snow storm are much more numerous, the greater portion being from the whites. ‘Thus far he has given orders on grocers, to be charged against | the small balance in Major Brock’s custody of | about £40. Lieut. Johnson, of the second precinct, em- bracing the county, states that nearly all the fences in the cody show symptoms of the ft of fael, as they have been atvipped of rails aml boards for miles aix | fuel. Ail the coal ash hi are pelag: | over for scraps of uncousumed coal. some rties have been saving these seraps of coal for months, ‘and are now keeping small coal | yards of thelr own and selling their stocks of cinders at prices much under the regular deal- | ora. Lieut. Johnson states that many colored | men in his precinet are too lazy to work, and ip the sumer time refuse offers of fair wages from the farmers'to loaf around the elty and spend what they can get in going on pienics and excur- sions to circuses, &e. Lieut. Greer, of the sixth precinct, whose station-house is on usetts avenue, be- tween 9th and 10th streets, states that he has had fe help thi _ pared with It peat Several hata eed to ‘where the associated charities e city for use as | raped | Acting Lieut. Swindells, of the third precinct, Georgetown, says they have a charitable organi- zation, called the Union Benevolent, composed of thirty-one members. Thii sustained by contributions fromthe benevolest anda monthly contribution from the poor fund by the District Commissioners. This tion have the Women's streets. ‘Gay. house, on K, between 20th and Sist streets, says he has man: uiries from the suffering poor ‘as to whether lice are to disburse any need in cases of actual starving. He states that he nothing to give. Ina very few casea he has given or- ders for food on oe to be paid when there are any funds. is 1g only imcases of destitu- tion where there is sickness. Lient. Boteler, of the eighth precinct, East Washington, states that he gets many applica tions for tood and fuel from the colored popula- tion across the Branch, where there ap- Pears to be considerable suffering from want; also many appeals irom poor white persons in the eastern section of the city. Many of-the latter are from poor white women, whose hus- bandshave had no employment for many months. He states that had the major of police had $5.000 piscetl in his hands to use in the distribution of food, fuel and clothing there would have been very little suffering this winter. A GIRLS’ REFORM SCHOOL NEEDED. Ina conversation with Major Brogk and Cap- tain Vernon about street beggars they stated to a Star reporter that what is sorely needed in this elty is a reform school for girls. They state that little girls not mach above twelve years of age are going about begging, and worse than that—enticing prostitution; that fifty or more of these girls could be arrested almost any even- ing on Pennsylvania avenue, but there is no place to send them. In some cases their par- ents have knowledge of their vocation and do not exercise any authority over them. In all of his annual reports Major Brock has urged upon the authorities the great and growing necessity for having a reformatory for girls. In his last report he states: ‘There are in Washington, as in other large cities, a number of young girls whose moral tendencies are bad. There are others who, through some cause, have made an erring step and are on the downward road. Many of these could be rescued from the life they are leading, and become respectable mem- bers of society, if there was only some institu- tion in which they could be placed and where they would be surrounded by good influences; where they could be guarded from temptation and their higher interests cared for. I but re- peat what [have said in my previous reports when I recommend the establishment of such a reformatory institution in this city. It is neces- sary, It is due te the city, to the unfortunate girls and to humanity. Its lack is working harm; its establishment could not but be pro- ductive of good. Ail those consigned to its protecting care might not be reformed, but Iam sure that the proportion wovld be amply suffi- cient to justify any effort which might be made in this direction.” THE COMMISSIONERS IN PAVOR OF IT. The Commissioners state, in reply to a ques- tion by a SrsR man, that they have recom- mended to the congressional District commit- tees that such an institution be erected in this District, and are heartily in favor of it, but can- not recommend that it be built out of the Dis- trict revenues. The reform school for boys was erected wholly ment and the District pays its annual share in the current expenses of running it, but the Dis- trict is in no condition to expend money for the construction of such an establishunent, a ae LETTER FROM WASHINGTON TER- RITORY. THE GLORIOUS CLIMATE AND WONDERFUL PRO- DUCTS OF THE TERRITORY—THE COLUMBIA RIVER—THE SALMON FISHERY—LUMBER PRO- DUCTS—WANTS TO BE A STATE. Correspondence of THE Evenixe Star. Wania WaLLa, Wasiincron Ternirory. January 20, 1882. } Your correspondénf has been in this young and flourishing city of the far northwest since the 1st of December, 1881, and has found the climate as mild and beneficent as it is on the Atlantic coast at this season. We are on about the same parallel of latitude with Montreal or Quebec, in Canada, where there is perpetual snow and ice for six months of the year; but here we haye the Chinook er warm winds from the south, which melt our heaviest falls of snow ina few hours. The thermemeter has not indi- cated a greater descent of the mercury than 20 degrees above zero this winter. The farmera have been ploughing for the past two months, and fruits and flowers are gathered from the or- chards and gardens, rich aud fragrant. Such large and luscious apples and pears 1 have neyer seen before. Indeed, all kinds of the choicest fruit are found here in superabundance. Washington Territory is 350 miles long and 200 miles le, extending from the Pacific ocean to Idaho, and from British Columbia to Oregon. It covers an area of 69,380 square miles, or 44,706,000 acres of land. Nearly one-half of this magnificent domain is covered with timber, whilst most of the remainder consists of open prairie lands adapted to the culture of all the cereals. They will yield to the acre from 25 to 40 bushels of wheat, corn, rye, barley and oats. The wool in the Walla valley commands a pre- mium in the market, and the water is here in sufficient quantity to turn all the spindles of the world. The Columbia river, one of the grand- est rivers on the globe, runs through this Terri- tory from north to south, and is navigable by the heaviest iron steamers as far up as Portland, Oregon. The scenery along its banks is bold and picturesque as the Hudson, and it is con- sidered the great salmon fishery of the world. The present population of ‘this territory is estimated at 110,000. dts productive resources are simply immense. Duriny ihe past year she has exported 100,000,000 feet of lumber, besides the large quantities used for local improve- ments. Her exports of coal have amounted to 200,600 tons, and of wheat 100,000 tons. And it must be remembered that these vast resources are just in the infancy of their development. When the Northern Pacific railroad and other lines now in the course of construction are com- pleted, the elements of wealth and_prosperit Will be rapidly multiplied. Great fortunes will be amassed here in a few years. The bill for the admission of Washington Territory into the Union, which Mr. Brents has in- troduced into Congress, is universally approved by the people. Mr. Brents ia popular among his constituents, and has fine prospects for the future. When this becomes one of the great states of the American family there will besome brilliant maneuvering for the spoils of office. An army of men will rise up Teady to serve their beloved country, and, of course, without ever considering the honors and emoluments she has to bestow. Patriotism, you know, is the ruling prineiple in candidacy in ourday. "W. eee. = AFFAIRS ON THE VIRGINIA SIDE. ‘airfax County—Railroadl Expecta: tions of Falls Church Viliage. sorrespoudence of Tz Evexmne Sar. — Fauts Cuurcn, Va., Febrnary 2, 1889. The extraordinary dry summer, followed by the equaily extraordinary—if not more so— wet, late fall and current winter may increase the faith of observing people in the adage: “One extreme follows another.” With the almost unprecedented large rain-fall this winter, what will next summer be, regarding the rain-fall?_ 1 have read somewhere that the amount of rain-fall isabout the same each year. It the usual amount. falls in the winter, what shall we do next summer? : There is, I understand, some little agi- tation among the people of Alexandria county with respect to annexing that county to this, leaving the city alone ia its glory. They couldn’t form a better partnership. I have seen it stated that that portion of the ten miles square ceded by the state of Virginia to the United States government, belonged to Fairfax county, and bow that it has been retroceded to Virginia, why not give the county portion back to Fairfax y We have had two days very good sleigh- ing, and sapere we shal have to a I be content with that, this snow. The people express much satisfaction over the sale of the Washington and Ohio railroad. “Now they expect direct communication with your city, and “a throuch route” westward, and ‘business. We hope by its efieet to enlarge our borders in- toa town of — local importance. “Yes,” he said to his confidential friend, “I gm engaged to her and I suppose I ought to be very happy, but somehow I em worried about a former attachment of hers. There's that infer- nal blackguard, J: who"—- “Why, bless x iin like iow, sh bes: Blo oft tan ™ at ine i sone re a ae by the United States govern- j JUDGE STRONG UPON THE CONSTI- TUTION. Enteresting = by a Qualified mthority. s The second of a series of lectures upon the Constitution of the United States was delivered by Judge Strong on Saturday evening before the ‘students of the law school ot Columbian Untver- ity. The constitational convention and its labers constituted the main topic of the lecture. The problem before this body, sgid Judge Strong, was that of establishing a general government, sufficiently strong, yet so limited, as not to en- danger the local governments. To it the diffi- cult task was entrusted of providing for one territory and one peeple, two governments, each powerful in some respects, powerless in mae working together without friction. While it was necessary to give strength to the general government, it was also important to take into consideration the popular idea of the dangers of centralization. The people favored the greatest freedom to individuals consistent with good government. They were accustomed to that self orhome government in domestic af- fairs, which is the best preservative of liberty. Two preliminary points in respect to the con- stitutional convention may be noted. First, the call for the convention recognized the continu- ing force of the articles of confederation, by setting forth that its sole express purpose was to secure a revision of these articles. But the convention transcended its powers. It framed an entirely new instrament, submitted it to the ene not to legislatures or states, and provided that ratification by the people of nine of the states should be sufficient as be- tween them, though by the articles of confeder- ation the consent of all the states was necessary to any change. The adoption of the instru— ment worked a peaceful revolution. Secondly, the statee were not at this time, nor had they ever been. independent sovereiznties in any other than a limited sense. Prior to the Declar- ation of Independence they were subject to the crown. The Declaration was not an Instru- ment of state sovereignty. It sprang from the united action of the united colonies, through their legislative representatives. Under the articles of confederation the states had not soy- ereignty, in the sense of complete supremacy, since there was a general government con- cae their foreign and some of their internal irs. The convention assembled at Philadelphia, representing all the states but Khode Island, contained many of the ablest and most distin- guished men of the day. It was soon perceived that nothing less than a strong national govern- ment would besufficient. Shay’s rebellion had its effect in producing this conviction. The labors of the convention were long and thorough, each phrase being carefully considered. When its task was completed, it used the Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation as a means to effect the introduction of the new government. When the Constitution had been ratified by the people of nine states this Con- gress was to fix a day for choosingelectors, etc., in Seeoraance with the provisions of the instru- ment. From a letter addressed to this Congress by the convention, in explanation of its labors, it appears that the object mainly kept in view was the consolidation of the Union, in which was involved felicity, prosperity, and, perhaps, na- tional existence. Within a year after its sub- mission the Constitution was ratified in eleven states. not by states as political entities, not by legislatures, as the Articles of Confederation had been adopted, but by the people through conventions. The reasons fora subinission of the instrument to the people are set forth in Madison's reports of the debates in the conven- ion. Madison recognized that the new govern- ment was not a league, or a treaty, or a com- pact. The idea of a confederation of states has | no solid foundation in the history of the times. ‘The conventions in the different states adopted the Constitution as ‘delegates of the people, = * * in the name and in behalf of the peo- ie.” Judg® Strong then discussed at length, the theory which, he said, seems to have been held by Jefferson, and was certainly held by Calhoun, that our government a mere league of states@founded on a con: tract between bodies politic. He quoted the Virginia declarations, and the Kentueky resolu- tious of 1798, and said that if they wer “pted s stating the true doctrine, the United States were held together by a rope of sand. Nuilifi- eation and seceasion were lawful, not revolu- tionary. But our government is zot a conteder- ation of states. The constitution in terms pur- ports to be the act of the people of the United States. It was ratified by the people without regard to local governments. ‘he instrument and the laws in pursuance of it become the su- perior law of theland. By it a court was cre- ated with powers inconsistent with the idea of supreme power in the states. This court was made the sole final arbiter of the extent of the powers of the general government,by the par- ‘ties, whether people or states, who adopted the constitution. The doctrine, then, of the Kentucky resolu- tions that, viewing the constitution as a com- pact, the states haye no arbiter. and each has a right to Judge when there is an infraction, is un- true; for the instrument itself provides an ar- biter. The Supreme Court early repudiated the idea that the Unio a mere confederation of states. Chief Justice Marshall was quoted, and other references on this topic were given, and it was shown that when the constitution was rati- fied a national government was established operating directly upon the people and inde- structable by state action: and that this general government is as truly a government of the peo- ple of the United States by themselves as are thé®&tate governments. In conclusion, Judge Strong gave a summary of therules which should pone the student in construing the Constitu- tion. ——+e-_ LETTER FROM FLORIDA, Among the Orange Groves—Visit to an Ex-Washingtonian—New Railroads in Florida—Everything Lovely Ex- cept the Musquites. Burravo Biorr, Fua., January 30th, 1882. Correspondence of Tux EVENING STAR, This point is about twelve miles south of Palatka by river, but only about five miles in a direct line, on the east bank of the St. John’s. It is the residence of Mr. B F. McGraw, for- merly of your city, whose hospitality I have been enjoying for the last ten days. He has a fine grove of orange trees, and, ashe ships his fruit direct to your city, it will be agreeable for your readers to know that they can obtain them, through his agents there, fresh from the trees, which makgg quite a difference in the flavor of the fruit. house is very beautifully located on a bluff of the river, surrounded by large live oaks, several of which shade a diame- ter of 300 feet, and, hanging with gray moss, with the cabbage palm and orange trees, pre- sents a very picturesque appearance. There is a post office and steamboat landing and quite a settlement near, and just south of it is the large Hernando grant, a fine body of timber land, which in time will be cut up Into small tracts and planted in groves. The Palatka and Indian River Railroad, now being surveyed aud constructed by the Ameriean Construction Company, will cross the St. Johu’s river at this point by a large draw-bridge, and rups thence in a southeasterly direction to Titusville, on Indian river, a distance of about 100 miles. As the road will have branches to several other points east and west of its main line, it will open up and give facilities to a large tract of country now without shipping facilities, and be of great advantage te a large part ef the state. Some of the finest land and handsomest lake sites are on the line of this road. aud if built, of which there seems to be no doubt, it will be the first really first-class road in the state, four feet eight inches standard guage and heavy rails. That the company means business, it is suflicient to say that over one-half of the line has been surveyed, a number of miles locaed, and quite a force of men are now en- ed. conetraatny the road-bed at this point. ‘e have had only two days rain since my last, but as the gardens needed it, a wayfarer like myself should not object; for while. you in Washington have been shivering with the ther- niometer below zero, we are enjoying real sum- mer weather, I ate some fine ripe. tomatoes last’ week, raised by Mr. McGraw, and he has strawberries now in’ full bloom; in fact, in leas than a week expeots to haye plenty for the table. The plum trees near my window are in blossom, while the maples in the wood are ited with their bright bioom, and the only thing te mar the pleasure is the lively musquito, who always lets you know when he is around, I was surprised the other day to see the little steamer Arrow, which used to run to Mount Vernon, under the PHOBOS AND DEMOS. Mneown—Hecent Obscrvations made by Prof. Hall. For ages it was believed that the planet Mars was moonless, The inhabitants of that planet, which presents In many respects, so far as tele- ‘scopic observations go, a striking resemblance to the earth, it was supposed knew no luminary at night, except the stars spanzling the hemisplere. The Martial newspapers, never it was thought, were guilty of stale jokes about corporation moonlight, and the Martial poets lacked material for embellishing love-sick bal- lads. The popular error in this respect was, however, corrected a few years azo by Prof. Asaph Hall, of the Naval Observatory in this city,who discovered that Mars,instead of having no moon, was fortunate in the possession of two particularly lively little satellites. This discovery was made in August, 1877, when it happened icularly favorable oppor- tunity oe erearten was afforded phe fact that the planet was near _ its op- position, and its perinelibn at the same time. Observations were then sus- pended until the planet came again in opposi- tion, in November, 1879. The recent opposi- tion of the planet has afforded further oppor- | tunity for investigation, which has not been neglected by the astronomers. The existence of these satellites, whose discovery is of such comparatively recent date, is of course as well- known now as any other scientific fact among students of astronomy, but as it is not a matter that is apt to affect the markets or the sie situation, it is not generally known among other men. THE GREAT DISCOVERT has been celebrated in exhaustive memoirs, and pamphlets filed with columns of cabalisticsigns and strange figures, and the astronomers of the world have testified to the scientific importance of Prof. Hall's discovery by aiming batteries of telescopes at Mars wherever that planet appears | 5: in opposition. The discovery was made on the night of An- gust 11, 1877. when Prof. Hall found a smail object about 80 seconds east of the planet. Prof. Hall observed it several nights before an- nouncing his discovery, first satisfying himself as to the motions of the body. While obsery- \ _ That Abominable Shed. To the Raitor of Tax Evexiwe Stan: ‘The beautiful grounds south of the Agricni- tural building, situated on Bstreet between 13th. and 14th southwest, are gone. and before the Commissioner commences to absorb those in front of the building, I want to protest. Inthe rear of the building are stables, shops, a eugat refinery, stills, and horrible dictu, now Mr. Loring has becun an immense shed—out of old lumber at that—on the corner of Band 12th as asymmetrical equipoise to the National Ma- seum in the oppesite grounds. The citizens on the beautiful drive, B street south, as pretty as any in the city of Washington, built their neat homes there, confident that these publie grounds Would always be open in front to them, and if public butidings were placed upon these parks, at least something not so offensive to and taste as stables, stills, and old sheds wi be erected. wooden tenements endanger our property from fire, and the law forbidding the citizens to erect frames, ought to apply to Commissioner Loring. I do not expect this to meet his eyes, as he is “off on a tour acain,” but Ido hope that the Commissioner of Public Grounds, or Mr. Neal of the District comm! may read and take a ride and look at this Wrong to people in South Washington by the desecration of the Agricultural grounds. Let the buildings be removed and the grounds turned into a park to correspond with the grounds adjacent. B Srreet 8. W. WASHINGTON CITY POST OFFICE, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1883. SF-To obtain any of these Letters the ap mourt ADVERTISED Lerry IST OF LETTERS REMAINING IN THE or "Ens," id gave the date of FP-1E not called for within they: y to'the Dead Latter Ofces = ne monm they will be gen LADIES’ LIST. Ret! m Beatrice lerson Lula res Priscilla Mire iy Mrs Anne Berry Agnes Brown Bell Ber: Manuel! i mma Mason Lizzie Monren Louies Rryau Emma Bowie Hattie Bourbridve Hattio Jane Mahorney Mise Mary. ahorney Mixa Markelboragchs M Miller at Mr x wh Brown Mrw M Burdett Move ing it he discovered another similar, nearer the | fact. Wr za ae Planet, which proved to be a second and inner | round Mre satellite. These bodies are rated as the small- ers nee est heavenly bodies as yet Known. their most | Brown Mee TE ance extraordinary feature is the proximitpof the | Bishop Mes Sarah inner one to the planet and the rapidity of its Carroll Alice Prescott Mrs CM revolution. It rushes around the planet in 7 | ("ansc\ee Pincaty Mes Grace hours 39 minutes. The outer one makes the , Che-ter Mra DC Pinn Mrs Julia Journey in 30 hours 18 minutes. poeta hd, | es sia THE §1ZE OF THE SATELLITES. ° ae) Pin Miss suger In the large telescope these bodies are seen | (Jatke liz Heed Sire tee, only as points of Nght, and the only datum on | Cx Kedtaond Mew which an estimate of their size can be foundedis the amount of light they give: From this it has been calculated that the diameter ofthe outer satellite is [rom 6 to 10 miles, and of the inner and brighter satellite, from 10 to 40 miles. The bodies were christened very Soon after their dis- covery, the inuer one receiving the name of Phobos, and the outer one the nawe of Deimos. Mars was in opposition again just before the be- | ginning of the present year. Prof. Hall caught sight of the satellites first on the 15th of Nuvem- ber, and continued his observations until Janu- ary Jith. One result of his observation was a practical verification of the ephemerides of the Satellites, calculated upon the material fu nished by the first observations. In 187%, when he renewed his observations, he found the two bodiesalmost exactly in the same spot in relation to the planet, as he had predicted. This expe- rience Was repeated during his recent observa- tions. Owing to the smail orbit and rapid mo- tion of these bodies, of course, it requires very nice calculations to determine what will be their | relative positions at some given day and hour in the future. WHAT PROP. HALL SAY¥s. “One of the most important objects to be gained in Prof, Hall to a Star reporter, “is the deternd- nation of the mass of Mars. observations have been directed towards detect- ing the difference in the planes of the orbits of the satellites. Their orbits are practically on the equator of the planet. The earth — was almost in the plane of the equator of Mars, so that the orbits of the satellites as seen ite the earth would appear to be lon ing it easy te detect the variation in’ their ; planes.” “Yes,” continued the Professor, “the rapidity of revolution of Phobos is wonderful. The satel- lites cannot be secn, of course, against the surface of the planet. 1 have seen Phobos on one side of the planet at its eastern elongation and on the same night, four hours later, observed it on the other side. To an observer on Mars, Phobos would subtend quite a large angle—perhaps appear as large or larger than our meen does to as. There is another singular thing about these satellites. Phobos revoives around the planet from west toeast,and Deimos from east to west. Phobos is less than four thousand miles away—about the distance BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND VIENNA. If the satellite was inhabited, with such a telescepe as ours an observer on Mars could tell it, and could see the cities.” The existence of the satellites and their ex- traordinary relations, furnishes a fund ef mate- rial for some imaginary writer like Verne. To the people of Mars, Phobos moves across the sky like a fiery dragon. spanning the whoie heavens, | in @ little more than three hours. The prox: imity of the two moens to their mother planet. and their rapid revolutions, make eclipses fre- quent, but of short duration. The relationship between the motions of the satellites is similar to that discovered in the oases of the planets Jupiter and Saturn. The inner ene revolves in | very uearly one-fourth the period of the outer one. The satellites will not be observed again until the planet again comes in opposition, in January, 1834. ——<— THE FINANCIAL VALUE OF LIFE An Article by John W. Guitean—A Young Man’s Chances of Gaining a Competence. . In the last number of the Insurance Times appears an article, written by John W. Guitean, on “Interesting Facts about Mortality Tables,” | together with a long article from the editor of the paper, expressing the high regard felt for Mr. John W. Guiteau by insurance men, and their sympathy with him in thecalamity brought upon the family by his graceless brother. Mr. Guiteau’s article, whieh was written, of course, from the stand point of an insurance man, | said: “Ait 18 shown by this table that out of 100,000 per- | } song living ab age 10, more aan lilt attain the age Of G1 years; out of 95,285 ving 35, more than haif, or 49,341 attain the age of o Out Of 92.6% living at age 0, more than hall, Or 47,361 attain Che age of 66; out of 49,002 living at 45,291 nttain the age or | 67; out of 85,441 1h ge 20, more than half, Or 48,133 attain the oge Of 68; Cut of St,882 living at age 35, nearly half, or 40,890 attain the age ot 69; Ott of 78,106 living ab ge 10, vearly half, or 38,509 attain the age 01 70; out of 74.178 living at age 45, nearly half, or 36178 attain the age of 71; out of 69,804 living at age 50, neariy half, or 33,780" attoin the ago Of 72: out of 64,063 living At age’'S5, noo rly half, Or 81,43 stain the age ot 78; out'of 57,917 living at age nearly half, or '23,738 atlin the age of 74; ‘out of, 49,541 living at age 65, more than ball, or 26,287 attain the age ®, more than hal, ¢ @ Of 7; OUb Of 33,569 Living at 78, more than half, or 21.350 attata in as eee ‘out of 26,237 living at age 75, more than half, or 12,383 fy OF age Of 81; out of 14,474 Living at a 80, more than halt, or8,68 aitain the age of Bo; Sate avabe grass senate atbiln the w ou at 2 9, more Vian half, or 216 kttata the ay ote out of 249 iiving at age 92, more than half, or 79 attain 5 OF these Only 21 live to be 94, and e the 100,000 starting at ten years of age, dle during the ‘minety-lirth Fear of age. “For a general statement it may then be said, ing at any Insre- beyond sixty-five. The etotetaee ‘The Mary more bere bey of those Ityi able age will live to.an ty roductive observing these satellites,” said | Owing to the posi- | 5 tion of the planet during the recent opposition, | pees, mak- | goa Mee SM aMevGenARZ Roderick Rowe B . n Alice * Mrs Thomas, Dailey Mrs D Rameon Aunie Dolandson Lizzie Suinder Anute | DeVarbins Maitio Simonds rs Adel | Davi- Martha Sueil An: ic Symonds Mrs Caroline Stevenson Mrs Bi Ssudecs Mre FA Sweet Mos Eile Fuew | Eioou Minx data Eva Bishe 8 Mie Wa Mrs AM Shorwood Mrw Exnily Ty | Prout Rua SY r MIKA Tae | Ford Sirs Dowisa ul Gray Alica sven Mre H Garner Hannah M | { | | Horus bettie | Hormson Alte Jane arden Jane Hall Mea Myra | Holliday Marcha Henson Mury Rutt n Moitie Renderson Mrs Rose Thomas Mins Mt Jackson Mes Audcow 3 Priscilla ehieon Ann ar Misa Jones a: onl Charlotte Fi tins EV ford Mrs Weather Hester Mrs Harriet Warsen Mrx Jobusen Katie Weils deunie Wathins Laure L Witkes Mary C White Mary Waters Mrs Sarah Young Mrs Rowe "8 LIST. MeCormick Patrick MeLure RP Bowser Dennis Buckoer HAward i David ms Fe0 S aN Porter D Perteo Phi | | L Parsous WE Pentland Wa Thos ‘werman Henry Q | Belt Join Heiaison it | chants C Heroes ; Kiky FB Bievins Jerry O Kadivan Ha | Banke Seldive Richardson tas | Boyd W locke K - Rowen J W Kidweley Jno W tives Charley _ 7 Klockweil Siuart Chae Snuthe £4 R Sinton Frenk Stribling DK anes His Duncan 3g wens RF | Everett Geo B | Evans Kdward Etter $ Fitzpatrick John, 2 ‘rbaui | Pelix 0 | Gray David Gidings JnoT eer te tevens Binaliwood Samuel Bile W G2 Bott Win F Shelley WO Bite ewart Win F aylor AW ‘cele 4 Tyler GL. Tomas Jno 3 : Thomas JM | Kone Deinit Taylor Janes Kimball IC ‘Tileman Jao Kenyon Geo H ‘Thayer 3 Kel'y Jno Hon Thowsron Jan B Tailor Paul Trombull RL * Webb Alfred Winteld Bey ood Eliphalet Wood F 4 Walliamn FAward de dC Wellien John Walsh Jatues, eree Morgan Isaiah B Miles. Mahone Matons SHIP LETTER: Campbell Kobert, ch Kate G Robinson: Jameson sch C @ Crammer; Pitt 1 ¥, Soh C G Crammer, letom MOA, ec Loins Sut smith Jaume, rol ley. MISCELLANPOUS.—Faitor U 8 Register; 1018 st; Manson Motor Co; Petey & Coy Lutcrustional Ook ech Joe Bra: eoting Agency. UNCLAIMED yr RS EE al TN East 5 a Fasavacr 4rn, 1992. LADIBS' List. B Mi Lewis Abnira Bewry Mrs Ellen Porry Joue Green vac Emme GENTLEMEN'S List. Hart a F Leed Solna Bich'd Robinson Bens LIST OF LETTE: NING IN THE GEORGBA 5 RS REMAI! rm TOF EDN D.C.) SOnT OF TION, Sarurpax, Feuuuaaxy dre, 1882, LAD, 1.187. Green Hennie, orm: jo - Mre Elvira CODRU Sinks ure Gare Boddin GENTLEMEN'S LIST, foie h Ad io iad D. B. AINGER, VET CASH. Monts act tut Acta ie %. Bente acts Ancties, best LP, Men's tity ¥ and See fui aay ereum Boy's Rubber Boota, rixe 1 to 6, Men's Best Quality; size 6 to 12, BL SELBY'S. Vv LENTINES. VALENTINE CARDS,