Evening Star Newspaper, July 16, 1881, Page 2

GEORGETOWN IN $805 AND ’6. MUNICIPAL LEGISLATION OF THE PERIOD. OF THE RIVER CHA AN IMPORTANT stBseCT— OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION, ETC. ‘There was published in the double sheet Stan @ few weeks since some interesting extracts from ancient municipal records of Georgetown, in the early years of the present century, bring- ing a review of the municipal legislation of that period down to the year 1805. THE CAUSEWAY TO MASON’B (NOW ANALOSTAN) Ist. Continuing an examination of the records we | find that March 21, 1305, a joint committee was appointed relative to the causeway or dam to be erected from Mason’s (now Anaiostan) Island, on the Virginia shore, and a resolntion was adopted “requesting of Mr. Thomas Moore any plan or information he may be disposed to com- municate on the subject of the causeway or dam contemplated to be erected across the river Po- | tomack to the Virginia shore, and to lay the game before this board.” On the 26th of March a resolution was intro- duced in the common council that “Whereas it fis evidently of the first importance to the inter- ests, growth and prosperity of Georgetown that the navigation of the river Potomack, below the town, should be as opened and im- roved as to admit vessels of a greater raught of water to pass than can navigate the channel at present; and whereas it appears to be the opinion of many sensible and judicious men that the erection of a causeway or dam from ‘Mason’s Island to the Virginia shore would pro- duce the desired effect; and whereas Mr. Mason, in his letter to the joint committee, hath pro- Posed certain terms and conditions on which he will consent that the causeway or dam shall be focated, and it being the opinion of the corpora- tion, in consideration of the magnitude and im- tance of the subject, that measures should be aken without delay to place the work in a state of progression, therefore re- solved, that a committee of three be appointed, ‘one from the beard of aldermen and two from ‘the common council, who shall be fully author- ized and empowered to confer, negotiate and contract with Mr. Mason for the right to erect the causeway. making the terms and conditions Proposed in the letter of Mr. Mason's the basis ‘of their contract; instructed, however. to use exertions to obtain a relinquishment of the stip- Blation to keep the causeway in repair, which stipulation, it is conceived, ought not to be ex- acted.” Laid over for consideration. At the following meeting this was adopted, with an amendment that a stipulation should be added in the agreement with Gen. Mason that 4n the event of the causeway becoming a public Bighway without the consent of the corporation of Georgetown, and contrary to the meaning and intention of the parties, then the corpora- tion, and not Gen. Mason, to have claim on the = making the same a public highway for expense of its erection. A PROTEST AND RESIGNATION. April 12, 1905, the president of the council had before the board a protest and resignation as follows: “By the President of the Board of Com- mon Council:—Believing one of the articles of the rules of this board, to wit: that which de- prives the president of a vote, except when the council is equally divided, to be contrary to the rue intent aud meaning of the charter.—he, therefore. protests against said article. and makes this his resignation of the chair, and re- | turns to the board of council, for which he was elected,” and then he left the chair and with- drew. The board, in the absence of the president, Proceeded to the choice of a president pro tem., when Wm. 0. Sprizg was declared to be elected. The board then proceeded to con: the said resignation of the president, and this question being put, that the board accept the same, it was resolved in the negative. FUNDS FOR THE CAUSEWAY. The committee appointed to confer with a committee of the Bank of Commerce to know what aid the corporation might expect from the bank, if they undertake the causeway, made a feport “that the gentlemen who were appointed ‘on the part of the bank informed your commit- tee that the directors of the bank are disposed to aid the corporation liberally, if such a plan be adopted and such means engaged to execute ft as will inspire confidence; that the work will be performed in due and in proper manner, and ‘ided that the tax of one per cent., author- Feed by an act of Congress, and the faith of the eorporation be pledged for the reimbursement of Joans made as early as may be. April 13, 1805, a resolution was adopted that 80 much of one of the standing rules which de- elares that the president shall not vote unless the vote be equally divided be, and the same is hereby, rescinded. ‘The president then appeared and took his seat. ‘A bill was passed levying a tax on real prop- erty in Georgetown, and directing the erection of a causeway. THE OPINION OF PHILIP BARTON KEY. A resolution was introduced that the mayor be, and he is hereby. directed to obtain in writing the opinion of Philip Barton Key. esq., on the points raised by the president of the board re- Specting the restriction of his vote upon all ques- tions except when the vote is equally divided, and that the mayor be directed to lay the opin- fon of Mr. Key before the board as soon as ob- tained. ‘At the meeting of April 19, same year, it was ordered that Mr. borough have leave to with- draw the resc m offered by him relative to taking the opinion of Philip Barton Key on the construction of the act to amend the charter of Georgetown. At the meeting April 25, same year, a resolu- tion was adopted that the president be requested to address a letter to Washington Bowie. re- questing to know whether he considers himself any longer a member of this corporation, and to juest an answer in writing. May 6th.—The president laid before the board @ letter from Washington Bowie, resigning his seat as a member of the council, which was read for information. THE CAUSEWAY AGREEMENT AND CONTRACT SIGNED. Saturday, June 1, 1805.—The board of alder- men attended in the chamber of the board of | common council, where the agreement between the corporation and Join Mason, and also the agreement between the corporation and Thowas More (the latter for constructing the dam or med by the mayor in the court and by the order of the Corporation sitting as such. TURNYIKE TO ALEXANDRIA, AND THE “DAM” TAX. The 24 of June, 1805, Gen. Mason and Benja- min Stoddert were appointed a committee to join gentlemen appointed by the corporation of ‘Alexandria for making a turnpike road between Alexandria and Georgetown. Friday, December 13th, 1805, leave was given Mr. Morseii to bring in a resvlution respecting ‘the collection of “Dam” tax. Thursday, March, 6, 1806, on motion, “Re- solved, that the recorder (Mr. Francis S. Key,) be requested to furnish his opinion as to the right of the president of the board of common evuncils of voting on all questions which may come before that board.” THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE RIVER MORE IMroRt- ANT THAN THE ERECTION OF A TOWN HALL. At @ meeting April 29, 1805, Mr. Luffborough, from the committee to whom was referred a res- olution respecting the erection of a town hall and the building of an arch over the market house run: and to whom was also referred a bill from the board of aldermen for erecting a town hall and paving market square, made a report that the committee have attentively considered the subjects referred to it, and have no hesitation im saying that the measures proposed would, if perfectly carried out, be productive of much public good, but on taking a view of the funds of the ‘corporation, and the pressing demand for the omotion of other objects of itude, and which og eo e ‘attention, they have tion in saying that it would be n inexpedient at this time to appropri- ate the public moneys for the purpose of build- ing a town hali and improving the market square. As reasons for being opposed to these dnprovements at the present time and with the means contemplated, your committee are con- strained to observe that in their opinions every effort ought now to be made, and every spare dollar appropriated towards removing the ob- structions in tue channe! of the Potomac river wear this port, dirmly persuaded that the effect- fag of this object would be of more immediate and solid advantage to the town than any other that could be produced by physical or artificial Beuns. * * * The committee offered a res- elution *thet it is inexnedient at this time to make any appropriation for erecting a town hail or for improving the market square.” Seas Some of tie New Jersey farmers will to the legislature for protection azainst English Sparrows. They think that a bounty ought to be offeied for every dead sparrow. . The Star Spangled Banner. ROW THE STARS ARE PLACED IN THE NATIONAL FLAG. Colonel C. G. McCawley, commandant of the ine corps, inquires May 13, 1881, what rezu- on or order of the War department prescribes how the stars shall be placed im the national ‘faz. Captain John F. Rogers, military store. ver, U.S.A.,in charge of ‘the Schuylkill 1, Philadelphia, reports June 25, 1881, as ‘There are in the museum at this depot three | copies, believed to be authentic, of the Stars | and Stripes, labelled as follows: 1. ‘The National Flag adopted by Congress in 1777, with 13 stars and 13 stripes representing the i3 states.” 2. ‘Flag on tent of General G. Washington on the surrender of General Cornwallis at York- town.” 3. ‘National Flag 1795 to 1818." |. The first of these has its stars in acircle; | the second they are arranged in ogram with one star in the center thus: in eeee . . .« * «& os ee and in the third in three horizontal lines of five each (this latter flag has fifteenstripes.) Neither the act of June 14, 1777, creating the flag (Stars and Stripes), the act of January 13, 1794, modi- fying it to 15 stars and 15 stripes, nor the act of April 14, 1818, define the manner of arranging the stars in the blue field. The last of these acts is the one under which the national flag has been made up to the present time, and although it is silent asto the manner of displaying the | stars the correspondence and proceedings which led to its framing give support to the practice (followed in later scarey of placing them in | parallel lines. On Yeference to the subject in | Pages 251 and 258 of Rear Admiral George H. | Preble’s very exhaustive and instructive ‘His- tory of the American Flag’ it will be found that Captain S. C. Reid, who designed the flag con- templated by the act of April 14, 1818, suggested that the stars displayed on the’ unions of flags Intended for merchant vessels be formed into one large outline star, while those for ships of war be placed in parallel tines. ‘The omission which unfortunately exists in the law permits | the uniformity and simplicity of the flag to be | destroyed,’ says Admiral Preble, ‘by the conceits | of ship-owners and others.’ The surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the most important event in the success of Ameri- | can arms, was accepted under a flag whose stars were in parallel lines. The flag displayed by Commodore M. C. Perry on his landing in Japan, and subseqnently at the treaty of Yokahama, Mareh, 1854, a great and distinguishing event in the nation’s history, bore its stars likewise in parallel lines, viz: five lines of five stars each and one of four stars; and the Ha first hoisted over the palace in the capital of Mexico, at the close of our war with that country (1848), and which is now preserved in the State department, bears on its union twenty-eight stars in four rows of seven each—the rows being parallel with the red and white stripes. The weight of all these authorities 1s on the side of parallel lines and this coupled with the fact that it has been the accepted custom to so make the unions for many years past, may be Tegarded as establishing this form of arranging the stars as firmiy as it can be established in the absence of a Positive or explicit definement in the law itself.’ Death of the Inventor and Points in his Life. From the Pall Mall Gazette. A very remarkable career has just closed. Mr. James Starley, the inventor of the modern bi- eycle and tricyele, has this week been laid in his last resting piace in the Coventry cemetery. His career, which has been cut short at a compara- tively ‘early age, was a striking illustration of the strength with which inborn talent assert themselves. Born about fifty years ago in the village of Albourne, Sussex, the son of a poor farmer, he received but little education, and at the aze of nine was put to agricultural labor. home to seek his fortune in London, and, after some changes and vicissitudes he finally settled in Lewisham, Kent, where he married. The collapse of the Coventry ribbon trade in 1860 and the social distress by which it was ac- companied led to the introduction of new in- dustries into the city. Among the earliest of e was the Coventry Machinists’ Company, of which Mr. Starley was appointed foreman. His active mind was ever bent on inyentions and improvements on inventions, and during this period he produced many varieties of sewing- machines, some of which are in the market under names which he himself could not have recog- nized. Twelve years ago he began a study which was to prove aturning point in his life, titites his and which const chief title to Temembrance. A French bicycle was brought under the notice of the Cov- entry Machinists’ Company, who took up the manufacture of it fora Paris firm. The “bone-shaker” is a machine which the rider of to-day would more than disdain; it bears the same relation to the modern bicycle as a cart- horse does to the winner of the Derby. But the rude contrivance contained an idea which fell upon a fruitful soil. Mr. Starley first improved it, and then he improved it out of existence, by inventing a machine of an entirely novel con- struction. He first gave to the world the “spider- wheel,” which has wrought a complete revolu- tion in the wheel world, and which marks the commencement of the present era of ‘cycles. The first of the new style of machines was “the spring and step machines, or the Coy- entry model.” The superiority of this machine was self-evident, the old coach-like wooden wheels being superseded by wire spokes and shaped rim and india-rubber tires, a curved spring, and a small hind wheel near to the driv- ing-wheel. The Ariel, a light and ‘ful ma- chine that fully justified its name, afterward fol- lowed, and embodied the important improye- ment ‘of pivot-center steering. Mr. Starley’s ext triumphs were the Europa sewing-ma- nd the Tangent bieyele, by which greater th was obtained in the wheel. Re- Fi the bieyele as practically perfected, he now began the study ofthe trieyele, the machines of this name hitherto in use not being particu- larly remarkable for lightness or beauty. The Coventry tricycle was the first fruit of this appli- cation; in due time came the Salvo quadricycle, which Mr. Starley regarded this as his magnum opus. Mr. Starley patented a number of his in- ventions; but he had little commercial keenness, and, speaking broadly, his inventive genius was freely given to the world. He has left behind him no fortune, though latterly he was feeling his way to a competency. es See POKER IN A LEGISLATURE. The Report a Citizens’ Committee of one it Back. From the Detroit Free Press, In the years gone by a certain representative in our state legislature was supposed to have been “seen” on a certain bill, but as he kept his own counsel no one could get any proofs against him. He had been elected as an honest, upright man, and when his constituents heard the rumors against his Integrity they were amazed. A delegate was appointed fo go down to Lans- ing and hear his side of the story, and when this man returned home he was invited to make known his researches before an meeting. “My friends,” he bezan, “I went to Lansing with the determination to sift the matter to the bottom. I found-that S. was living high and dressing like a lord!” A groan went through the meeting, and men shook their heads in a solemn way. “He sports a gold watch and acane,” con- tinued the delegate, *‘and he was talking of buy- ing a five hundred-dollar horse to home with him. You remember he went away from here a poor man.” “Then he sold his vote!” shouted one of the eomen.. “Teconfess tt looked that way to me at first,” replied the delegate, ‘‘but when I came to tackle him personally he explained everything as clear asday. He had not sold his yote. He had not forgotten that an honest constituet was be- hind him, and no money could have bribed his conscience. No, my friends, there is no stain on his reputation.” “Then how did he get his money?” asked three or four at once. “Well, I don’t know as I can explain it as well as he did, and I am sorry I didn’t write it down. It seems that the members don't have anything to do evenings, and instead of reading novels or attending the wicked theater they gather in little | crowds around the table and the one who has four of akind or something or other rakes in something or other called the pot. I don’t know where the money comes in, but it’s somehow or other, and somehow or other our esteemed rep- resentative always has more of a kind than any one else. This is as near asIcan remember, and I suggest a vote of continued confidence in cur member until he himself returns to explain what the ‘kinds’ are, and what the pot has to do with it.” Scene: Summer cot Jol a lovely city. Mary—¥. I. John—Oh, youhare been there, have you? Mary—No, I have John—On which Mary—On my side. In 1846 or 1847, while still a lad. he left! ] story OF THE POTOMAC. STORIES OF THE EARLY VOYAGERS. FROM CAPT. JOHN SMITH TO LORD BALTIMORE. A NOBLE RIVER—THE RED MEN THAT LIVED ON ITS BANKS—THE ADVENTURERS WHO FIRST EX- PUORED TT—GREAT INDIAN TOWNS—WATERS FULL OF FISH AND Woops FULL OF GAME—THR HEALTHFUL SITE OF WASHINGTON—STRANGE ADVENTURES OF AN ENGLISHMAN WHO WAS CAPTURED BY THE INDIANS THAT LIVED HERE— THE ONLY HOME OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IX THE WORLD ESTABLISHED—INTERESTING FACTS FOR RIVER EXCURSIONISTS,ETC. The excursion season is now in full blast, and to those of our people who seek relief from the heat of the city by trips more or less extended ou the beautiful river whose waters flow past their doors, the following account of the stream, and the scenes om its banks, as seen by the first European explorers nearly three hundred years ago, may not be without interest. It is com- piled from the writings of Smith, Bozman, Scharf, Neill, and other sources not accessible to the ordinary reader. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH’S PRAISE OF THE COUNTRY HERB-ABOUTS. Prior to the year 1606, some feeble efforts had been made by the English to establish a settle- ment in lower Virginia, and on the 19th of De- cember of that year, a squadron of three small vessels, one of twenty, one of forty, and ono of @ hundred tons burthen, under the command of Captain Christopher Newport, and bearing one hundred and five colonists, set sail from Eng- land, entered the Chesapeake Bay, on the 20th April, 1607, and came to an anchorage in Hamp- ton roads, at a pace to which was given the name of Point Comfort. Among the colonists was Captain John Smith, a bold adventurer of varied experience in Europe, Asia and Africa, who seems to have been charmed with the as- pect presented by nature in this new region, for in @ histor fterwards written by him of “the ‘Sixt’ Voyage” he says that the country “is not mountanous nor yet low, but such pleasant plaine hils, and fertile valleys, one prettily cross ing another, and watered conveniently with- fresh brookes, no less commodious than delight- some”: that the land “is fruitsome and delight- ful” and that “for large and pleasant navigable rivers, heaven and earth never better agreed to frame’a place for man’s habitation.” HE DESCRIBES THE POTOMAC AND THE TRIBES ON ITS BORDERS. Smith in open boat explained the whole of the Chesapeake Bay, and penetrated to a con- siderable distance from their mouths, the prin- cipal rivers emptying into it; these he found in- habited by numerous tribes of Indians, whose names he gives with the number of their fight- ing men. Of the Potomac he wrote as follow: “The fourth river is called the Patawomeke, 6 or 7 miles in bredth. It is navigable 140 myles, and fed as the rest with many sweet rivers and springs, which fall from the bordering hils. These hils are many of them planted. and yeeld no lesse plentie and varietie of fruit. than the river exceedeth with aboundance of fish. It is inhabited on both sides, first on the south side. at the very entrance is Wighcocomoco, and he hath some 130 men, and beyond them Sekacaw- one with 30. The Onawmanient with 100, and the Patawomekes more than 200. Here doth the river divide itself into 3 or 4 convenient branches. The greatest of these is called Quiyough trending northwest, but the river itself turneth northeast, and is still a navigable streame. On the western side of this bought (bend) is Tuaxenent with 40 men. On the north of this Secowocomoco with 40. Somewhat further is Potopaco with 20. In the east part is Pamacaceack with 60. After Moyowance with 100, and lastly Nacotchtanke with 80. The river above this place maketh his passage down a low pleasant valley, overshadowed in many pl: with high rocky mountamnes, from whence distil innumerable sweet and pleasant springs.” HABITS OF THE INDIANS. The habits, customs, apparel, diet, religion. implements of war, &c., of the Indians, are de- seribed at considerable length, and the present generation, although of a different race, inhab- iting the same shores, in view of the coughs, croups, pneumonias, ‘and other troubles, aris- ¢ from atmospheric causes, may profit by a hint from Smith as to the manner in ich the Indian mothers treated their young. “To make them hardie, in the coldest mornings, they wash them in the rivers, and by payntins and oynt- ments so tanne their skins that after a year or two no weather will hurt them.” The tribes on the Potomac and the Virginia rivers explored by Smith were mostly subordi- nate to the Powhatans, although frequently em- broiled in wars with each other. The common enemies of all the lower tribes were, however, (as Smith learned from them, the powerful na- tions of the Monacans, the Mannahoacks and the Massawomekes, the former* two having their habitations at the head of the Virginia rivers, and the latter (who were most feared) dwelling “beyond the mountaines, from whence isthe head of Potawomeke, upon a great salt water.” The Massawomekes were a great nation, and very populous, “having so manny men that they made war with all the world.” Some of the lower tribes were very importunate with Smith to free them from these tormentors. He states that in his explorations at the head of the bay he met seven boats full of them, with whom he had conference by signs, and that in “targets, baskets, swords, tobacco pipes, bowes, platters and everything they shewed, they much ex- ceeded them of our parts;” while their dexterity with their boats, in his opinion, “argued that they were seated upon some great water.” STRIFE OF GIANT RED MEN. At the head of the Chesapeake, Smith also found the Susquehannock tribe of Indians, of whom he says: “Such great and well propor- tioned men are seldome seene, for they seemed like giants to the English, yea, and to the neigh- bors, yet seemed of an honest and simple dispo- sition, with much adge restrained from wor- shiping us as gods.” Ona map of the bay and its tributaries ac- companying his narrative Smith gives a picture of one of them, “‘the calfe of whose leg was three-quarters of a yard about, and all the rest of his limbs so answerable to that proportion, that he seemed the goodliest man we had ever beheld. His arrowes were five quarters long, headed with the splinters of a white christal-like stone in form of a heart, an inch broad and an inch aud a half or more long. These he wore in a woolves skin at his back for his quiver, his bow in one hand and his club in the other.” The Wighcocomocos, of the Potomac. on the other hand, Smith describes as being very small. “Honest and simple” as the Susquehannocks appeared to Smith, they were described by Alsop about sixty years afterwards (1686) as “a most noble and heroick tribe of In "and of “Jarge and warlike deportment,” with “voyces rae and hollow as ascending out of a cave, their gait and behavior strait, stately and ma- Jestick, treading the earth with as much pride, ‘contempt and disdain, to so sordid a centre as can be imagined from a creature derived from the same mould and earth.” When prisoners fell into their hands by the des- tiny of war, he says, “They treat them very civilly while with them abroad, but when they once return homewards they begin to dress them in the habit for es putting on their heads and going before and the rest behind at equal distance from the prisoners, bellowing in a strange and confused manner, which is a e destruction to their presage and forerunner of conquered enemy.” FRIGHTFUL CRUELTY OF THE SAVAGES—SCALPING AND BURNING. The common and usual deaths they put their Prisoners to was to bind them to stakes, making a fire at some distance from them, then one or other of the captors who delighted in the art of dissection, cut the outermost skin of the brow witha aarp knife or flint, deep enough to en- able them to take a firm hold with their hands and nails, then with a sudden and rigid jerk, tear the skin and hair from the head at one pull, leaving the skull as bare as that of a skeleton. Having torn in this manner from the head its ordinary warm covering of skin and hair, for fear that it should get cold, they immediately f hot coals and em- bers to keep it warm. This did not exhaust their diabolical ingenuity in the line of torture, for he says that then, in the most cruel and bar- barous manner, they would sear each part and lineament of their prisoner’s bodies with red Bie Son, en ec eee ded vic- tims were yet ive Wol pieces ma ‘Dodles and eat it raw before their ENOOUNTERS WITH THE INDIANS. # Some of the voyagers with Smith give a fart ther account of the incidents of one of the trips up the “Patawomeke.” After being some days out a few became disturbed by fears that they would be lost -‘in these unknowne large waters, or be swallowed up in somé stormie gust.” Smith essayed to calm their fears, and exhorted them to regain their spirits, saying thathe would not return till he had seen “the Massawomekes, found Patawomeke, or the head of this water you conceit to be endiesse.” This account states that on “the 16th of June we fell with the river Patawomeke, feare being gone and our men re- covered, we were ail content to take some es to know the name of that seven-myle Tiver, for thirty myles sayle we could see no inhabitants; then we were conducted by two savages up a little bayed creek towards we mainent, where all the woods were layed with ambi , to the number of three or four thousand salyages, so strangely paynted, grimed and disguised, shouting, yelling, and crying as so many from heil could not have showed more terrible. Many bravados they made, but to appease their fury our captain prepared with ‘as seeming a willingness (as they) to encounter them. But the grazing of oar bullets upon the water (many being shot on purpost they might see them), with the ecco of the woods, so amazed them, as down went their bowes and arrowes, (and exch: hostage), James Wat- kins was sent six myies up the woods to their King’s habitation. We were kindly treated by these saivages, of whom we understood they ‘were commanded Powhatan. The like encounters we found at ‘Patawomeke, Cecowonee and divers other piaces. But at Moyaones, Nacotchtant and Toags the people did their best to content us.” Having gone as high as they could with the boat, they met divers savages in canoes, well loaded with the flesh of bears, deer and other beasts; “mighty rocks were found growing above the ground a3 high as the shrubby trees,” and in some places “where the waters had falne from the high mountaines they had left a tinct- ured spangled skurfe that made manny bare places seem as guilded.” SEARCH FOR A SILVER MINE. { which report had reached them, and procuring guides from the king of Patawomeke to conduct them “up a little river calied the “Quiyough,” they prosecuted the search, going as high up it as they could, then leaving their boats they marched seven or eight miles, and finally came to a great rocky mountain, wherein the Indiahs had dug a great hole with shells and hatchets, from which they procured a substance highly prized by them, which was sold all over the country and used in painting their bodies and faces and their idols, and which made them “look like black-moores dusted oyer with silver.” It pecree to be of no value, however, to the Eng- ish. TRYING TO CATCH FISH WITH A FRYING PAN. Beaver, bear, mink and martin were found, and, says the account, “in divers places that aboundance of fish, laying so thick with their heads above the water, as for want of nets (our barge driving amongst’ them), we attempted to catch them with a frying pan; but we found it a instrament to eateh fish with. Neither better fish. more plenty, nor more variety for small fish had any of us ever scene in any place so swimming the water; but they were not to be caught with frying pans.” MOSCO—A LUSTY SALVAGE. Among the Indians of Wizhcocomoco, on the “Patawomeke,” was one, Mosco by name, “a lusty salvage,” who developed a special fondness for the whites. Mosco was noticeable among a beardleas people for being the possessor of a thick biack bushy beard. He brought them wood and water, and with some of his couutr: men, helped thei to row against wind and tide, until they reached Patawomeke, where he re- mained until they returned from the head of the river. In sundry contests with the Indians on the Rappahannock. Mosco was of good service, and wus rewarded with a present of captured canoe: d arrow Iu one of these encounters an in- dead, but upon having his wound dressed recoy- ered sufficiently to converse with them. He was asked why his tribe attacked those ‘wh eame to them in peace and to seek their love he replied because they thought the white: were a people “who had come to take their world from them.” The race of Smith who came to the Indian, “in peace,” and “to seek his love” has proven t bea selfish and- remorseless intruder. It has transmogrified the face of his domain by methods which the red man could not master, and introduced conditions and rules of existence to which his nature could not become accus- tomed. His forests, his canoe, and Simple wig- wam of saplings and bark have disappeared. aud the farm, the steamboat aud more lasting habitations have taken their place. But little remains to him of his original world ‘that littie is rapidly growing less, and the Indian himself will soon cease to exist ex- cept in the pages of history. PRESENT NAMES OF THE LOCALITIES VISITED BY CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. The branch of the Potomac, which Smith calls Quiyough is now called Acquia Creek. Poto- paco is almost identical in sound with Port To- bacco, its present name. The Onawmanients are supposed to have been located at Nominy Bay. The Patawomekes had a town with in- habitants, estimated at from 600 to 2,000 souls, located on a petiinsula, in Stafford county, Vir- ginia, formed by the Potomac river and the creek of the same name, at what is now called Marlbor- ough Point. Coan river, in Northumberland county, was the seat of Cecocawanee; the Moya- wanees were located about Broad Creek in Prince George’s County on the Maryland side of the river. The Nacotchtanks a short dis- tance below the mouth of the Eastern Branch, and the Toags somewhere about the great bend in the Potomac, at Maryland Point. Tuaxen- ent was near Mount Vernon; the Tessamattuck near Oxen Run, on the Maryland side in Prince Georges: county. The Cinguactack at Piscat away; the Monanauk on the Maryland side of the river about 18 or 20 miles from its mouth, on the same side about four or five miles above Acquia Creek was Nussamek, and above this at Mattawoman Creek, Mataughquamend. The names of some of these Indian tribes and towns do not appear in Smith’s narrative, but are given on his map. INTERPRETATION OF THE INDIAN NAMES. The following interpretations were given to Dalyrmple by a Jesuit missionary who had been the northwest, whose language was a close dia- lect of the present language to which that spoken by the Maryland Indians belonged. Potomae—‘River full of swarms of small fry. Where fishes spawn in shoals.” Piscatawaye—“One who has his hair plaited or twisted up sideway and backwards.” Chesapeake—“‘A sheet of water opening more and more-wider.” Another authority makes it mean “Great Water.” Anacostan—“ One who self-defence—to resist an af Potopaco—“Tobacco leaves.” WHO THE MASSAWOMEKES WERE and what became of them must remain a matter of conjecture, as there are no authentic histori- cal data which afford a satisfactory solution. Bozman inclines to the belief that they were the Mingoes or Mengwes, by the French called the “Troquois,” and by the aad “Five Na- tions,” who at the time explored the Chesapeake, were located on the small lakes in northern New York. He met them at the head waters of the bay in what hecalled Will 1b} river, now Bush river, in Harford county, Md., and if tl saci ret MACS Bozman considers it probable that they had descended from their own country t] the back (me of Pensa ae an oe the Chesa- pas jush river with a view of taking the ‘ockwocks and Susquehannocks in the rear, or of Creer their depredations on other In- dians along coast of the bay. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH AS A POET. Smith closes his narrative with the following verse: ‘Thus have I walked a wayless way, with uncouth pares himself for yet no Christian man did ever trace; But yet I know, this not affects the minde, Which cares doth , a8 that whicheyes do ie. THE VOYAGE OF THE TIGER—A TRIP TO THE SITE OF WASHINGTON. We now come to the year 1621, in the fall of which the ship Warwick and the Pinnace Tiger, left England with supplies for the Virginia planters, attacked by the whom on by carages, ‘they repulsed _ @APTURED BY THE INDIANS. ‘Those on shore were either killed or made prisoners, and among the latter was Henry Fleet who became one of the prominent asso- to betray us by direction of | The object of their search was a silver mine. of n was wounded, who when found lay as if | § for thirty years among the Odjibwa Indians of the | ciates of Governor erry’ in establishing colony of oa at a later day. Fleet mained with Indians a number of years, learned their language and aimost forgot his own,—was finally ransomed and returning to England regaled the people with remarkable stories about his captivity. He stated that he had been within sight of the south seas, had seen the Indians besprinkle their paintings with powder of gold, had seen rare precious stones among them and plenty of rich fur. He induced some London merchants to engage in the Po- tomac Beaver trade, and on the 26th May, of 1682, with a pinnace of twenty tons he reached the Indian town of Potomac or “‘Potawomek On the Ist of June he sent the pin with a load of corn and proceeded to Piscataway the residence of a powerful chief, and from thence visited the Anacostans by whom he had been captured several years before. THE HEALTHFUL AND PLEASANT SITE OF WASH- INGTON. On Tuesday, the 26th of June, he anchored two leagues below the falls of the Potomac, in the vicinity of the present city of Washington. Of this locality he wrote as follows: “This place without alf question is the most healthful and pleasant place in all this country and most con- venient for habitation; the temperate in summer and not violent in winter. It abound- eth with all manner of fish. The Indians in one night will catch 30 sturgeon in a place where the river is not above twelve fathom broad, and as for deer, buffaloes, beares, and turkeys, the woods do swarm with them, and the soil is ex- ceedingly fertile, but above this place the country is rocky and mountainous like Counida. The 27th of June I manned my shallop and went | up with the flood, the tide rising four feet at this place; we had not rowed above three myles | but we might hear the falls to roar about six | myles distant, by which it appears that the river | is separated with rocks, but only in that one place far beyond is a faire river.” POPULOUS INDIAN TOWNS IN THIS SECTION. From this point Fleet's brother, with two In- | dians, went on a journey in which they were seven days going and five returning. In de- scribing to Fieet the Indian towns which they had seen, he says “they all did aftirm that in ove palisade, and that being the last of thirty, there were three hundred houses, and in every house forty skins at least, in bundles and piles.” The Indians chose one hundred and ten of their | Rumber to ascertain whether Fleet's party were friends or foes, and what their intentions were. These were laden with beaver to the extent of “4.000 weight,” and accompanied his brother about half way on his return, but being met by the Nacostines, who told them that the whites intended to destroy them, they went back. Fleet says by this “invention of devills” the life of his brother was greatly endangered. On the 10th of July some Indians came to the river bank, and being treated kindly, went away and presently returned laden with beaver. They came from a town called Usserahak, where there were seven thousand Indians. These Indians were at war with the Nacostines, who always laid in wait for them, and interrupted their trips down the river. On the 11th of July he was visited by seven lusty savages, in strange attire, from another place. Their language was hauzhty, and, says Fleet, “seemed to ask me what I did there.” They called themselves Mostikums, but he after- wards learned that they belonged to the Herec- keenees, and lived three days’ journey beyond the Mostikums. “These people,” says “delighted not in toys, but in useful commodi- th e back e reported several populons places in the vicinity of the falls, governed by four kings, whose towns were named Tonhoga, Mostikum, Shaunetowa and Usserahak, with ‘upwards of 30,000 inhabitants. THE ¥. F. v's. Returning from this trip Fleet was appre- hended off Piscataway by the Virginia authori- | ties for illicit trading and taken to Jamestown. It seems that he purchased immunity from pun- ishmment by sion of his profits with Goy- and others. Neill says the London | merchants found the Virzinians of that day | and were ready to endorse the he Dutch Captain De Vries, who | ped at Jamestown on hi a Dutch colony i f i re very hos- re not proper persons to trade t lookout when you trade with leceive anyone they account 1t roman action. The m their language We played him an English trick.” SEEING FLEET'S ADVENTUROUS CAREER. Fleet is next heard from in connection with the colonists under Calvert in 1634, on the lower Potomac, with whom he remained for several years, and among whom he was a man of con- erable consequence. He, however, became jimical to the Marylapders, returned to Vir- ginia and was a member of the legislature of that province from Lancaster county, in the year 1652, and Neill says the old and hardy pioneer may have last lived at Fleet’s Point on the Potomac. LORD BALTIMORE'S COLONY. The next adventurers to the shores of the Po- tomac were the band of Maryland pilgrims, by whom the foundations of that state were laid, who sought a retreat in the New World from a land of persecution, aud under whom, says Ban- croft, “religious liberty obtained a home, it’s only home in the wide world.” On the 16th of June, 1632, Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baron, of Baltimore, a Roman Catholic nobleman, obtained from the English King a charter giving him the territory extending from Watkin’s Point, on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, northward to the 40th degree of north latitude, and from the ocean to the Po- tomac river west, containing more than 8,000,- 000 acres, to which region was given the name of Maryland, in honor of the Queen Henrietta aria. TRis grant was claimed with apparent reason to include the whole peninsula between the Delaware and Chesapeake up to the 40th degree of latitude, which crosses the Delaware a little above the city of Philadelphia, and embraces all of Delaware and part of Pennsylvania. At- tempts of the Marylanders to locate patents from Lord Baltimore, on the Susquehanna, within the present limits of the state of Pennsylvania, were resisted by the colonists of Pennsylvania, and led to what was called THE CONOJACULAR WAR. Jacobs, in his “Life of Cresap,” relates an amusing incident of this war. Colonel Thomas Cresap, the father of the subject of his sketch, a man of herculean frame, obtained a Maryland title to 500 acres of land near Wright's ferry, op- posite where the town of Columbia now stands, and removed to this place from “Hayre-de-Grace; others set up claim to the land undera Penn- sylvania title, and a battle took place between the contending factions at Peach Bottom, in which the Pennites were defeated, some of their number being wounded. Receiving reinforce- ments, they renewed the attack, and Cresap was besieged in his own house, from which all efforts failed to dislodge him. Cresap sent his nine- year-old son for assistance, but he was CAPTURED BY THE ENEMY and brought into their camp, where, seeing their powder in a handkerchief, he seized it and nearly ucceeded in throwing it into the fire. The be- siegers finally set fire to the roof of the house, and the Colonel was taken prisoner. They tied his hands behind him, put a guard on each side of him, and pushed across the river. Cresap, at @ favorable opportunity, elbowed one of his into the Se % =— peers was Cresap attempting to escape, fell npon the man in the water with poles, and he received To treatment before the mistake was dis- finish e jol gether and ok him a tremendous blow, which brought him to the ground. In Philadel- phia the windows, , and doors were crowded with people to view the monster, and he, in order to farther irritate them, exclaimed: ‘Why this is the finest city in Maryland.” After had an eventful his- his release he removed to the upper Pot where and family tory. - ‘TWO SHIP LOADS OF CATHOLICS. For the new colony there set sail, on the 224 November, 1633, from Cowes in the Isle of a two vessels, the Ark of about 300 ant ihe Dove of about 50 tons, having on b about two hun gentlemen mostly Catholics and their servants, and on the 27th Feb B 1684, they reached Point Comfort where they remained some days and another nace, on the 8d March they set ‘o- tomac river, to which they gave the name of St. Gi they gave the same name to the it at ite mouth, which ts now called Smith's Point and to the northern point now Sake they gave the name of St. ‘THR POT: Father White, (one of the eolonists) in a mar- rative of the voyage says: ‘Never have I beheld re- | river we observed the natives in arms. w | quantity of beads to be given her on the day of | and the maid rises aud serves dinner, first to her midst of the trees, Just at the mouth of the night fires blazed through the whole country, and since they had never seen such a large ship. messengers were sent in all directions. who ported that a canoe like an Island, had con with as many men as there were trees in the woods. THE FIRST LANDING j was made at one of the Heron Islands, (s0 called from the tmmense number of these birds) to which they gave the name of St. Clement's Is- land. This Island seems to have been at the | mouth of St. Clement's bay, and has almost been | washed aw: What remains is now Known as Heron's Island. The Islands then called the Heron Islands are probably those now called Blackiston’s Islands. St. Clement's Island bebe | described as containing about 400 acres, abound- | ing in cedar and sassafras trees, and flowers and herbs, for making all kinds of salads, and as providing a wild nut tree which bore a very hard | it with a thick shell and a smail, but delicious ” 7H FIRST MASS ON THE POTOMAC. On this island they celebrated mass for the | first time, in this part of the world, and after- | wards erected a great crosa, hewn out of a tree, as atrophy to Christ, the Saviour. This place being too small for a settlement. | they left the ark at anchor and went up the river | with the other boats to a city which was called | Potomeack. Here Archihau, as guardian for the | young king, was the ruler, and he, when in- | | ; | formed (throt Fleet, as interpreter) that they | had Ache make war, but out of good wiil towards them, expreased himself as pleased with their coming. They went from this place to Piscatawaye, where all the inhabitants flew to arms, and to the number of 500, stationed themselves on the | shore with their king. Signals of peace were made, and the apprehensions of the savages be- ing allayed, the king came on board the Pinnace, | and when he heard of the friendly disposition o! | the visitors he gave them permission to dwell wherever they pleased in his dominions. Another account states that the Werowance, | or king, when asked if he would be content if the visitors should locate in his country, an- | swered “that he would not bid them goe, neither | would he bid them stay, but that they might use | their own discretion.” | WHAT EXCITED THE WONDER OF THE SAVAGES. While a portion of the colonists were making this voyage those remaining at St. Clement's Island kept watch day and night to guard against sudden attacks. The savages, at first distant, began to mingle freely with them. They admired everything, and especially wondered where in the world a tree had grown huge enough to be carved into a ship of such size, supposing it to have been made after the manner of their canoes. The cannon sounding like thunder filled them with astonishment. The colonists concluded not to seat themselves at first so high up the river and returned to | ithin four or five leagues from its mouth. The leet to a river to which was given the name of St. Georges (now St. Mary's), and up which he went about four leagues.coming to anchor at the town of Yoacomacoe. Being hospitably treated by the Indians, and finding the place to be a commodious situation for a town, it was de- termined to locate there. The Indians freely left their houses and surrendered half of the town to the English. Mutual promises to live | friendly and peaceably together were made and | on the 27th of March, 1634, the governor took | Possession of the place and named the town St. Maries. Here they were visited by the gov- | ernor of Virginia and by several Indian Chiefs from the vicinity. One of them expected the Yoacomacoes to keep the league with the Eng- lish, saying, “I love the English so well that if | they should go about to kill me, and if I had | but so much breath as to speake, I would com- mand the people not to revenge iy death, for I know they would not do such a thing except it were through my own fault.” THE INDIAN WOMEN were described as chaste and beautiful, obedient to their husbands with whom they lived lovingly and peaceably. The marriage ceremony was simple; he that desired to wed treated with the father or person | took care of the maid and agreed upon a | marriage. The friends of both parties meet. at the man’s house, each bringing presents. The man sits at the upper end of the house and the maids friends lead her up and place her beside | him, then all the company sit down upon mats | husband and then to the rest of the company, the remainder of the day is spent in singing and lancing. The attire of the Indians—made of deer skins —was decent and modest. They were temper- ate in eating gud drinking, and were never known to rob or steal from those of their own nation. The English found them very trust- worthy and treated them considerately. CLAYBORNE CAURES TROUBLE WITH THE INDIAXS. The whites and Indians lived in amity until the year 1642, when through the machinations of one Clayborne, who had a trading-post at Kent Island, and who was very hostile to the Marylanders, a war was luced which lasted some time and caused colonists great ex- pense and distress. Clayborne refused to reoog- nize Lord Baltimore's ge early in the 1635 a vessel called ng Tail, belong- ing to him, was captured by Captain Thomas Cornwaleys, one of the Maryland commissioners, for being a Virginia vessel trading in Mary- land waters without a license. in retaliation he fitted out an armed boat; put it under com- mand of Lieutenant Ratcliffe Warren with thirty men from Kent Island, and directed him to seize any vessels belonging x) the govern- ment at St. Mary's. Governor Calvert fitted out two pinnaces, the St. Margaret and the Helen, put them under command of wskeedoer ged who left the Potomac and met Warren's vessel on the 23d of April, 1635; and a naval engagement fol- lowed, the first in American waters, in which one of Cornwaley’s men was killed and three of the opposing vessel, including Warren, where- upon it surrendered. In 1645 he had his revenge, for in connection with other rebels, he overturned Calvert's gov- So and destroyed the public records of the colony. HOW STRONG DRINK AFFECTED HIM. Bearing with Equanimity Affronts that Be- fore would have Wounded him Sorely. From the Providence Journal, The barkeeper was about to close up. He had said so several times, and had put out all the lights but one. Only a stran, remained— a dark, saddened man, who sat demurely on a stool and kept his thumbs revolving around each other like white mice turning a wheel. When the coast was clear he stepped up to the bar and said softly: “May I whisper a word in your ear?” “You may, mister, if you'll be quick about it,” replied the drink mixer with his hand on the lamp screw. “I want you to fill me a flask of your best whisky for family sickness,” said the stranger drawing out an ancient wallet with twenty fathoms of leather string wound around it: a well worn wallet that looked as if all the wayes and billows of bad luck had beat upon it, gone over and through it, and flattened it, and washed it out clean. The bar man filled him upa t, shoved See Suen tomer A y che air is getting’a little .”_ solilo- ‘ized the “Would you have any ob- ie tomy taking alittle refresher from my He filled the tumbler quite full, took it as he in the days of his infancy, and ends in their trandles, you had better put m: bottle away on the upper shelf, and when Pho- ‘bus Appollo to canter his golden prancers natty, predicate age ane I will call for it, and you may then assess me ap- amount of di S e barkeeper sprang over the bar and began Be aay Vi ake id ou. me after I have drank? Don't you know better than that? Kick me with both feet—I cannot feel if fist at me you — bare but now I scorn the oe Before I took that but shook wounded me—hurt | one hundred boarders, ar spoonful of an; appearance in Long Branch ts the electric illumination of the Ocean Hotel and grounds. tracts crowds of count er my try people who stare availing themselves of the opportunity to enter. THE SUMMER RESONTs COOL. BREEZES sr — Cape May is about half fall, and t bas been warm there. — Deer Park and Oakland he weather ere crowded last Sunday. it is very quiet and dull The great Fort William Her boarding houses are well A new hotel called the Tremont has been established at Sea Girt, N. J., which isa very Superior seasid sort, and every successive year grows in th pubt — At all the w pes are te be found overdressed mammas and shabbily-at ed chil- drea, The little ones are of sms account in fashionable life except upon particular ocea- sions. —Cranston’s Hotel, West Point, under the Rew management, has materially advanced in bile opinion and ts fully deserving of the ex- it am hly good patron thus far received.) °°" Patronage it has — The quality of the people who annually visit Richfield has always been of the best, and this year is no exception to the rule. At last ac- counts the Spring House and the American were rapidly filling up. — It ia useless to deny the fact that thos far the watering place season has not met expecta- tions. With the exception of Long Branch, no place fs well patronized, and the hotel keepers, while not alarmed, are a tritle il! at ease. — They tell of an allleged iady at one of the Long Branch hotels who gave asa reason why she kept her little girl up-stairs that none of the other children ia the house were good enough to associate with her. It subseqnently trans- pired that the girl had only one dress to her name. All of which may possibly account for some of the milk in the cocoa nut. — Saratoga is not as full as it was expected It would be at this time. — Still another seaside resort has been sud- denly sprang upon the public, Tt is called Haw- thorne Beach and is located on the sound near the town of Port Chester, f. — Sharon rejoices over the arrivals of many “select and exclusive families” who hold forth at the Pavillion Hotel, which, if all accounts are true, was first opened to the public in 1343! —The two pug dogs belonging to a woman who is boarding at one of the Long Branch hotels are brought to the table in nurses’ hall three times daily and fed with the best of ba thing from silver plates. This disgusting it the unfortunate nurses and maids have to sub- mit to in silence, since the woman who owns the dogs is rich, and at Long Branch, as at all other places, money will do anything. —The display of private carriages at Long Branch this season is larger and finer than has ever before been seen. Between 4 and 7 in the afternoon is the fashionable riding and driving time, and Ocean avenue is fairly crowded with every variety of equipage. —There is lively competition among the sev- eral hotels up in the Catskill region, and the agents of the caravansaries tell visitors upon their arrival on the dock a great deal that is the exact opposite of the truth. Meanwhile, the season progresses, —Among the guests inthe Masconomo House, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass., is John C. Ham- ilton, son of the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. —Some remarkably elegant costumes have already been displayed by the ladies at the United States Hotel, Saratega, but there is a decided tendency to what may be called fashion- able indecency. Immodesty in dress is tolerated ever—however unfortunate the xtreme of fashion in this particu- lar will no doubt be reached at Saratoga before the summer is over. Then somebody will be suddenly sbocked, there will be ‘hirlwind of gossip and scandal, °% p propriety and decency will’ be mixed we fashion again. — Last Sunday morning ell the “help” in one of the new Catskill hotels “struck” becanse of a new rule enforced by the manager, and it was hard upon noon before breakfast could be served. — All the Long Branch hotels of the better class are well filled, and this resort leads all others in the number of its summer visitors. ‘This is what the Jersey bonifaces are now crow- ing over. — It is ramored that the waiters at the Coney Island hotels have combined for a grand strike about the Ist of August. The hotel-keepers are — of it, and have made preparations accord- ingly. — Everybody is asking what is the matter with Coney Island this year, because of the vastly reduced patronage of the hotels and the much inferior quality of the people who fre- quent the place. — Bathing is not gencral at any of the northern seaside resorts. The water has been and is still too cold for comfort, and the - erality of people prefer to look at rather walk into the sad sea waves. — Alleged gentlemen at Newport subject themselves to a great deal of criticism by their peculiar conduct in the streets at night, when all good citizens are supposed to be in bed, if not asleep. — There are few sights prettier or more in- spiriting than that of evening parade at West Point, and small wonder it ix that the hotel peo- ple regularly turn out as if their lives de- pended upon their presence at the military cere- mony. — Tourists should bear in mind that the city hotel at Niagara from which a full and complete view of the Falls can be had is the Clifton House, which, located on the brink of the river, commands the finest views in each and every di- rection. — The West End Hotel, Long Branch, has an excellent orchestra of twelve musicians, whereas no other hotel has half as many. The result is that “everybody” goes to the West end in the evening to hear the band play and to see the young people dance. —Reports from Long Beach are of a thor- oughly satisfactory progress of the season, of numerous “distinguished” arrivals, and of fine weather. The daily concerts are a great attrac- tion, and the various pieces are often demanded over and over again. — The news from the Adirondacks is not very encouraging, for thus far tourists have been very few and far between. she cuides stand around all the day idle, swearing, and the sand flies, pe- culiar to the SE are very mad because there is nobody to s . — Will the Long Branch pier ever be com- pleted? It is aramshackletooking affair as it stands to-day, covered with derricks and lumber, and the last place in the world for a pleasure menade. Fat people hesitate a long time fore they venture to walk on it. —— Many people wonder where those bird bath tubs come from in which vegetables are served at summer hotels. . They hold barely a tablo- ing and are of very comical it of fat people, who ave sup- tohave a good and healthy appetite for « with th Ihe food of modern life. — Divine service is held every Sunday in the parlor of the Surf hotel, Fire Isiand, and the singing of the voluntary choir is oftentimes very Best is seldom—any collection taken up. What seems to please the congregation the fact that there is never—that is very night scenes at The brilliancy at- wide open—the local flies —“Vot yon sharge py der veek for dose hysical ishment. hre'stood on the on the sidewalk that you have kicked me again. | ®, Papier R ntegar ty anny “So!” ex- You should remember, my irascible ioner. “I dinks it vas petter at the dear ok poct sald Fate canbot ara vot 1 go bardnership mit dose Hiltons and me ne fo" le a have drunk to-n oon taverner! | _—St. James’ church, Long Branch, wiere How ate te = firmament looks = = residents of the hotels worship, is & far-off a Farews Tate per gouiaier™ church, supported wholly and entirely by Se ee ee Rev. Mr. DENNIS Kearwey prefaced the resolutions of | tion last condemming the assault upon the | shou.d be in which he mingled his the Sand Lots excellent eer rooms?” he asked of the clerk at the Quaker City Hotel, Long Branch. “Six hundred dollars