Evening Star Newspaper, October 23, 1880, Page 2

DRAINAGE, SEWERAGE AND WATER PPLY. Report of Lieutenant Hoxie. Lieut. Hoxte, Engineer U.S. A., in charge of drainage and sewerage in the District, has made the following report to Major Twining, Coramis- sioner: WASHINGTON, October 15, 1850. Mojor:—1 have the honor to submit the fol- owing report of operations for the fiscal year, ending June 30, 1550, together with estimates for the ensuing year. The revision of the Special assessments has been continued tn con- formity with the acts of Congress, approved June 19, 1875, and June 2 and the rales adopted by the Commisstoners, a3 given ep = ure of work to com- e ri the prepa! 2 tabulated statements of revisious in tlme for n- corporation with this report. DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE. Work upon the large auxillary main sewers, now In course of construction, 1s progressing favorably. The New York avenue sewer Is com- pleted to 14th street west, and the Boundary sewer has reached 15th street east. Minor lat- eral sewers have been constructed in various parts of Washington and Georgetown. Details Of construction are shown upon the accon- papying plans. (See appendix No. —) ‘The general features of the present plan of drainaz2 and sewerage for the District of Columbia have been heretofore presented. iain fall agas* age are carried off In the same condatt, prop- erly constructed for tly J ‘pose, to deep Water in the Potomac river. Tae work now in pro- gress, besides extending the systew, 1s intended to fmerease the capacity to carry off storm — water; the cros3. ses tion of “the variable flow of dry weathe of flow fn Ul troduce the ained that this work ts necessary and can be used for sewerage ason_ appears for separating | the two 5 aid it be decided todo this, it will be necessary to add such Intercept- ing Sewers as may be required for conducting the sew to the pumps, and a separate sys- tem of sewers for areas drainiag below tide level, together with the necessary pump3 and | appurtenances, and a conduit from the pumps to the point at wiilen It may b> decided to locate the outfall. The present system now constl- tutes a part of what would be the new one, and would, in the new one, continue to serve a double purpose down to the level of high tlde. ‘The question for the future ts the necessity for the change of plan of disposition of sewaze, whieh would involve the a/iditional ex penditure. To every large city, adopting the Water carriage for sewage a simllar question is presented, but the circumstances of each must govern the deciston. In one the supply of w may be ten gallons per capita per diem, he source of supply distant and itmited, and | tue inland river flowing past the city may be an | important fishing ground as well a3 a source of | Water supply to other towns lower down the stream. ‘In another the supply may b2 one | hundred and sixty gallons per cipita per diem, | the source of supply near at hand and practt cally unlimited, and the river flowing past tho | city, an estuary of which the comparative | | already ex for drainage Volume of water defies injury to the fishing Interest, and the water {tseli is not used as a potable water by other towns lower down the Stream. In the one cuse tue Imited water Supply, when diseharged through the sewers, atter Its use for all household purposes, str: Washing and manufactures, bevo: concen- | poison which must be kept from contam- | inating the river. In the other case the copious | Water supply will dilute and neutralize in ee the poisonous mixture which may thea low into the estuary, harmless under proper conditions. In the former case the proper dis- il of the sewage is a crave problem of mod- | ern civilization. In the latter case the solution of the problem is easy. Between these two extreme conditions there are many degrees of comparative immunity from the troudies of the former, and many varying solutions of the Pprobiem. The first which sugvests itself fs the Femoval of the nuisance to some other locality where {i will not be offenstve to the originators, but unless some proper disposition can be made at the end of the route, this is a simple transfer | which does not solve the problem. SEWAGE FARMS, ‘There are sewage farms to which the flow of ‘the sewers Is conducted, and, by a system of tr- Figatlon, made to fertilize iarge crops of rye grass and other produce, waile the filtered water flows into the adjoining water-course. ‘The flow of the sewers 1s continuous, and the continuous use of the sewage compulsory. Tae Water supply of the town can only be increased aft the expense of diluting the sewage and Io- creasing the embarrassing surplus. AS lizer, concentrated in a meager water ‘the sewage ts worta about one cent per tol it can be sup; 3 @ disposed of; Yestigation shows’ that It been used In Irrigation a farm has also to contend judice azainst the use of deep-seated aversion to the farm. Where thes: se ith an watversal pre the produce, the proxiay’ farms an €O72- Sidered an imporiant factoria the disposal o Sewage, it 13 found by competent sialtary au- thority that they are tnoxious and compira- Uvely inodorous, and the produce therefron a Proper food for man and beast. In tne of the local government board of Gr for 1516, it 1s stated: “Ti catgentinny meadows were made the subject of an exais tive maquiry by the War Deparir * during the Ume that Lord Macaulay was member for £iin- burgh and parliamentary secretary for that d- Partment. Complaints were mad? that the proximity of the irrigated meadows and the emtavium from them produced disease in excess emong soldiers quartered in the petgnbortag barracks. Official tuquiry was made by army medicai officers, who took the returns of heaita aud mortality for twenty years back from bar- Yacks situate in different parts of Great Britata where troops similar in numbers and perform- ing similar duties had been quartered, and tuese Feturns were tabulated, the resul's obtained Proving that the barracks adjoining the Eilin- gh sewaced meadows had the lowest Sick and death rate in the lst, so that a the — Craigeationy the ground.” Neverthe- . this case, which IS one of the iusdst crude and primitive irrigation, is by Impit admitted (6 be a butsance, though not Inj; heaith. It may be stated, that the contents of the ‘sew Offensive at the outfall, however are not 133 mate this may be. We have a less offensive, natural sew- aye farm on the flats wht er this elty. ‘The trrigation ts intermittent and seanty by the | Spread of the tide, and the produce a rank | natural growth of tail grasses. This will b> obliterated with the extension of the proje: canals todeep water. When the se too fast for the farmer, tt can be the help of expenst Utilizing the sewas doped. “It land in kind or quantity for the purpose can able condition chanteal and ¢ Still greater exp: t of these methods clarity . All are expensive and ut a I rprise assc v “Ing 4 unsuit i bs had and the ine: lealion remains, mo ¥ ¢ .ondon has been to outfalls in the “am, between the bh. Here it is ows from the carried by interce s ‘Thames, lower down the towns of Woolwich and turned fnto the river just as tt sewers, having been for liver along the water Sto stualler tow y Ude of the Thames at London Bridge has erie and fall of about seventeen feet. “At Yantletr Creek it 13 “fourteen f Weir four feet. It fills a reservoir between the v: and high tde, con of the river and the sea twice each day. The daily flow of the river isan tusiguiticeat pro- 1 ton of this ebbing and flowing votume of | T water, Which comes therefore, mainly trom the Sea, ving back the river water and Its con- tents, which oscfllate up and down the stream. ‘This ‘was the principal feature attending the discharge of the sewage along the river front Of the city, which determined the location of the present outfalis. are so far down the river that sewage discharged at the proper Stage of the tide will not return to London on the food. The sewage ts necessarily tm- Pounded tm reservoirs until the time for dis- charge and, becoming more offensive tm such confnement, the accuinuiated miss 1s prectol- ail al once, into tue river, under the WOrst Possible conditions for assimilation by the river water. In a recent paper reid before | turned ‘t | the Taboratory of nature. tion, @: is renewed with nd the old controversy payee m be it {nto the riter, @ nearer point of discharge answer the purpose remote from other towns. It ts cauaby clear that when a system has been adopted, like that of water-carrlage for sewage, at it expense, Supplemeatary methods which may tend to embarrass its ry jon should not be hastily decided upon. ie enoceen of the London plan depends upon a free use of water, and the outfail sewers are made of sufficient sizeto carry it. Their cost Was Over $20,000,000 in addition to the cost of the city sewers and drains, but this Hberal ex- penditure, while it accomplished only the transfer of a so-called nuisance from one point to another, was necessary, in order to_ impose no restriction upon the use of water. The sys- tem was devised about tweaty years ago, and contemplated the use of covered reservoirs at the outfall, and a possible defection of their contents by lime or other chemical agent / the fertitizing contents shoula become commercially valuable. Gen. Scot's supplementary plan as- Sumes a first cost for tanks of $500,000 and a ‘Small profit thereafter upon the process of ciar- uleation by the sale of resulting fertilizers. The daily dry weather discharge of the sewers 1s 120,000,000 gallons,a large quantity to deal with, aud such enterprises have, heretofore, been uniformly commercial failures. More taan this, the artitictal clarification proposed Is of greater cost_ with a free use of water and tends to dis- courage it, and the clarttied water still contains seven-eights of the salts of sewage. THE WASHINGTON SEWERAGE SITUATION. The water supply of London ts about thirty gallons per capita. That of Washington and Georgetown is five Umes tals amount per a and there is here but litte trade refuse. Other conditions here are much more favorable, besides the great . of population. The ise of the tide is three feet Instead of seven- een, and the average dally flow of the Potomac is greater than that of tue Thames. The edd and tlow of the tide In the Potomac will fill and empty twice each day a reservoir three feet deep, the upper end of which Is at the Little Falls. This reservoir, above the Aqueduct Bridge, will have an area of about 10,390,000 sq. ft. Below the bridge ‘and opposite the new water front of Washington Georgetowh It will have an area of about 44,000,000 sq. ft. The untted tidal capacity of these areas {3 about 164,000,000 cu. ft. This is less than the mean dally flow of the Potomac, so that, the tidal ac- cumulation, occurring twice each day in this part of the river, is, ordinarily oae-haif com- | posed of the down-streain flow of pure water. With a low-water sectional area of 24,5:0 sq. {C. Ube river channel, opposite the new water front will contain about 537,000,000 cu. ft. of water. The mean daily flow of the river will displace | and renew this whole volume of water in three or four d: ‘This is a condition of affairs far better than that of the city of London In the same respect. If then, that city is still debating the question whether the crude sewage of London may be vith impunity into tue Thames, not with sry to possible injury to the city of Loudon, but injury to the river and the dwellers on its banks where the ual outfall of the sewage Is, and the Metropoiltan Board ts on the iriiative side of tue question, We may prop- postpone the question of a distant outfall | here. PURIFYING POWER OF WATER. Here, as at London, the success of the present plan depends upon the thorough assimilation of the sewage by the river water and the action of the sphere upon it. No other agents than water and air are employed for rendering the age Innosfous. The problems submitted to Opponents of the plan contend that water hasno purityiag power, no power of neutralizing sewage; but thelr the- orles are controverted by the stubborn logic of tacts. Water oes purify itself, and in a mar- velcusly short ao of time. Whether it de- stroys the impurities contained tn it, or ex] them to destruction by the oxygen ft contains, or by animal and vegetable organisms, it 15 hone the less the powerful agent of purification. This is too well Known to requlre argument, 10 the ease Gf running water, but I have seen it stated that the water of the Tuames, olf Lon- don, 1s shipped for drinking water for long yoy- and while barreled up destroys the tmpuri ties contained ft in, and becomesswees and clear. In the auxiliary methods of a distant ou:fall with its pumps and (fercepting sewers, and the Sewage farms or supplementary tabks aud chemicals for clarifying or purifying, economy Of cost ts proportional to economy in the use of water, so that these devices involve a great ex- Penditure for methods which handicap the original intention, or abandon 1% also- gether, Clearly it is good judgment to make use of every avallabie expedient to en- sure the best conditions tor success uniter the present plan, and to exhaust every expedient before changing front and abandoning tue pria- ciple, or emuarrassing 1ts operation with other devises. We must solve the problem of wnat to do with the sewage before we caa tel waether itis nesessary to Cake it aaywaere fof the pur- OSE. Io the meanwhile, the proper disposition of Sewage isstull eagagiug the attention of able 1 localities Where the pressure of popu on luntted natural resources advan: ont s chimera of Lagtio muy yet be hare like Cther phavto ain, Lo human totf; but, as yet, sanitary stumbling on the thresaoid venience. The local government Britain, in a report presente’ to 1876, after an elaborate following conclustons: aard of Great ameat in ton, give tae “That town sewaye can best ani most ‘aply be disposed of and purltied by the pro- cess of land irrigation for agricultural purposes, where local conditions are favorabie to lis ap- plication, but that the chemical value of sewage is greatly reduced to the farmer by the fact that It must be disposed of day by day through- out the entire year, and that its volumes gea- erally greatest when it ts of the least service to the land. S. That land irrigation is not practicable in all cases; and, therefore, other modes of dealing with sewage must be allowed. 9. That towns, situate on the sea coast, or on tidal estuaries, may be allowed to tara Sewage into the sea or estuary, below the Line of low vater, provided no nuisance 1s caused; and that ch nod? of getting rid of sewage’ “may allowed and justified on the score of economy. 8 long as Loe precautions to be taken preveat the creation of a nuisaace, so long may we postpone the costly conveyance of u refise to other and distant points, to be utilized at a loss upon sewage farms, or Ueated by arutlclal pro- $ Of doubtful ‘results. It will not be an asy matter to overcome the prejudices of a elghborhood in the location of a sewage farm, and the simple transtar of the river near Alexandria will never b2 accepted by lexundrians a3 a satisfactory solution of the problem. ‘THE SEWAGE OF WASHINGTON AND GEO RGETOW:! at the ural outlets of the s2 on the Potomac froat, whe of the corresponding drainage areas has The boundary tnvercepting sewer ts to ordinarily, no ge whatev Itt se Ui of ifs drain- 3 at the storm four nto which the se overtlow in tne ot storms. An ing sewer along the ern Branch, ‘ows for storra water, will ¢ y rilow of the se’ uous drainage areas to bridge; and a similar intereapting sewer along + basin below the Long Bridge will turn the ouding dry weather tow Into the James anal. Under this plan, each of the prin- cipal main sewers, foliowing the line of natural Grainage, discharges through a broad and dsp channel ‘Into deep water at tatervals alonz the waler front. ‘This is advantageous in dif- fusing the sewage Unrough the Water tn the main channel The sewage 13 checked for a ‘ime in the outlet canals by the intlux of the tide, which dilutes, while the eftiux diffuses tt. ‘The action of the James Creek Canal, the out- let of Tiber sewer, which fs nearly completed to deep water, may be cited as an illustration of the present worktng of these canals. Tae canal is 7.450 feet long, and should have a depth of Six feet at low Ude, but has been silted up to much less than this, and requires dredging. he Ude makes up into Tiber se wer, above the head of the canal. about 5,000 feet. "The sewer 4s an elliptical arch of 39 feet span, on sidewalls Uhree fees high, with a plank floor which, in the lower part or the sewer, Is horizontal and about three feet below mean’ high tde. It 1s not of Troumt construction, asd may require moditica- 01 About 3,000 feet abovethe ne: bars of sand and gravel form ae Onin shane curves in the sewer, and while these bars remain, mud, consisting of fnd sand and clay will accumulate. With the removal of the bars the mud cosappears. Some the canal, but a large pro| here ts sand which 1s up and used for building purposes. The ordinary tlow of Tibar creek through the sewer is losiguiticant, put of itis arrested in rtion of the deposit the Soetety of Ar ., Gen. HL. Y. D. Scott u “Tt is true that, inasmuch Yow discharged tnto a larger poay as the sewage ts core ‘Giata Siren great center of population. the eviletens ton ‘ably mitigated, Dat they ara ‘in kind * * * “The Metro a ‘. ou sne other hand, contend that the dis- © of the raw sewage 13 neither damag- xe river nor the health of the dwellers on «wks, and Sir Joseph Bazalgette matn- i at the Institution of Civil Engineers: ‘.. the bed of the river had tmproved of late; i" (he improvement was not due to syste dredging, and that the mud banks were ‘ormed by sewage. * * * * Gen. 1 .amformerly, and at a pois 1 'y the Ee demiee Wage, By chemical and mechani. cles, the io omni ff doing £0 Letore dischargin; it into Thame: Weer appears to have received Marked atten the storms are of great violence and bring dowa large quantities of coarse detritu3. Sand and gravel are taken from the sewer and from the canal in large quantities, and are perfecily in- off-nsive when taken out for some time after a Storm, or after afew days exposure to the air at any time. It igall used for buliding and poring, and its value for this purpose more Pays the cost of removal. The dredg of the mud in the canal will be all outlay. but it ts prevented from entering the river, and can be conveniently ai The ample water Way of the canals lowers the flood surface of hetehen Syohee sewers by ough the low grounds, an forms to the best advant ving ready exit at ail umes per- proceeds to show what can be done to | Bél. arresting sant the office of a set- Renner oe rd os ‘and gravel of the streets. ee ee WHERE VENTILATION I8 NEEDED, ‘The James creek canalis apparently, quite Loffensive from one end to the Other, but the Ulng tank for the | is to be turned Into deep water of the Potomac, i accumulated gases escaping from the mouth of ‘Tiber sewer, at the headof the canal, and which have been generated within it suggest their own remedy in failing to appear throuzh- out the open canal. Ifthe arch were removed trom sewer, this trouble would disa) r ith it, The for the arch to tate space. At present sewer has very little ventilation. doubtless be advisable to isolate the system of ventilation of the tidal portions of the main sewers, arresting the motion of tha gases at the upper limit of the tide, and turning them into a ventlating shaft; introducing at the same point some mechanical device for inducing the assimilation of the sewage and {ts aeration by mechanical agitation. Grated openings at shore intervals along the line of the arch will Sere eg rarily answer the purpose of ventilation. The motion! of the tide, driving back these gases at the flood, has been thought to be a disadvant- fe, but it is quite the reverse. Any agent which induces motion in these gases can be teken advantage of to withdraw them from the Sewers and replace them with fresh air. The | rise and fall of the tide Is such an agent and requires only intelligent control. It is just here that such an agent is needed, for It ts probable that nearly all of the sewer gas, not due to de- fective plumbing in houses, is generated in the Udal sectiong of the sewers. Above the tnilu- ence of the tides, the sewers have, all, a con- stant outtlow and a size adapted to’ storm water. Their oval shape concentrates the dry weather flow of sewage in the invert, and the ge air-space above this 1s favorable to a prompt oxidation of such gases as may form during the short time occupied in flowing to lide water. The grated manhole covers, at short intervals, effect a perpetual renewal of the air. ATR AND WATER CURE. Water is liberally provided by the present rate of water supply, but is not, now, well dis- tributed through the clty. Owing to insufficieat head im the mains, the higher leyels have not an adequate supply, but this will be remedied with the introduction of the new water supply for the District. The principal main sewer of Georgetown furnishes an example of the suc- cessftil working of the system upon which Lon- don still depends—air and water cure—without 4 Gistant outfall and with very imperfect sewer construction. is Is a large semi-circular sewer on vertical side walls, with a flat wooden floor. It is more than fifty years old and requires constant repair. It follows the bed of the orivinal water course, and Is of a size to carry the storm water, draining the greater part of the most thickly-settled district of Georgetown. The fall is very rapid—about 150 feet in four-fifths of a mile. In its lower part the stream becomes a cataract, which plunges under the water-wheels ot two large mills and receives the waste water troin the tall-race of the mills, before rushing over a rocky into the river channel, where the latter has a depth of thirty feet. The outlet of this sewer presents no evidence whatever of its character. The sewuge disappears forever without 4 sign. T attribute this result to the copious admixture of pure water in the sewer, the large size of the Jatter giving access to plenty of air; to the rapid conveyance of the diluted sewage into an unlimited quantity of pure water; and to (he thorough assimilation of the sewage by the water and its aeration in transitu, induced by the mechanical agitation which it receives. Wherever the same conditions can be attained, 1 is reasonable to suppose that the same results will follow. WATER CARRIAGE FOR SEWAGE. With the adinixture of a sufficient quantity of pure water, sewage becomes so diluted and diffused asto be harmless. At some point of dilution the scruples of even the opponents cf water carriage for sewage must disappear. The fact Is recognized in all such systems which provide for Its conveyance to remote localities condemned to its special reception. The lon ines of intercepting sewers and the outt: conduits are only of limited capacity, and are made to overflow at every conventent point, into the nearest water course, whenever a moderate rainfall dilutes the sewage and in- creases Its bulk beyond the capacity of the con- duit. As long, then, as suflicient water can be provided for the purpose at jess expense than the cumbrous and complicated system of distant transfer to sewage farms and filtration areas, it will be better to provide the water. For the next twenty-five years an additional supply equal to five’ tmes the pre- sent one would probably suilice. It can be brought in by a conduit one-half the length of that required for asewage farm. The capital- ized cost of the pumping alone, for the distant removal of sewage, predicated upon a future Water supply of 4.000.000 gallons per diem, would be about $1,300,000, This is the estimated cost of the new water supply, including an ad- ditional reservoir and extensive land purchases, and having an available capacity of 125,010,000 gallons per diem at 140 feet above tide. ‘Taere can be no question as to which expenditure should precede the other. RECAPITULATION. ‘To recapitulate, the work now projected, and | in progress, contemplates the reclamatica of the tats along the water-front of Washington, end the rectification of the channel of t: jiver. It provides for the effective drainage of Washington and Georgetown, and the adapte- | ton of the system of dratnagé to sewerage as well, providing Iu such manuer for tae possible eparation of the systems, at some future time, hat while the combination of the two shall be sade {9 the best possible aavantage, all cf the rik dove tn that direction shall bz applicable parate systein of sewerage. It contem- as the incispensib te of any ater earsiage, and of onabie condition or health and comfort istent with modern civilization, the intro- ne of a literal water-supply at a sufiictent Vatlog. vy ‘Ob WATER SUPPLY. In my last annual report I submitted esti mates for extending the conduit from tae dle tribut'ng reservoir to the high grounds north of Washington, and for laying a four foot tron malu thence to re-enforce the present malns. ‘Phe necessity for this work is increasiug, and the complaints of scarcity of water ou the higher levels cannot be quieted by any tem- poring policy appited to the distributic inalis. "While The result of tntroductug larger maips into the permanent distribution system will be an ultimate advantage, the pre effect Is only a meager addition to the supply one locality at the expense of that of another, and satistes nobody. ‘The level of distribution Of the necessaiy supply of waier Is rapldly fall- ing with the Steady increase of the quantity consumed. Any measure, like the application of meters, which will restrict the consumption, will raise this level; but with the tree use of water the level must be sustatued by increased conduit capacity or by pumping. Pumplog 13 uot justitlable, except as a temporery = dtent. for water consumed below the level of a ible gravity supply. ‘The Georgetown bish- service pumping districé ts above thls level, and Wil hbaveto be maintained. The Washington this level, and its spedient to nasist in nt of creation 15 a temporary eking out a scanty supply of water. ‘The works belong to the high plateau just Berth of them, and which they are intended to supply. They are unable to per- form the duty now Imposed upon thein, and while diverted to the supply of uorthern Wash- ington, they cannot be of any service to the elevated district to which they belong. The cost of pumping the supply so diverted, cap! lalled at 6 per cent, ts xbout $122,000; Wwhere- a3 the cost of transportation to the city should sufice for the whole area of Washingion now supplied by pumping; exc aps, a few houses in the inity of the = pumps. To ques tion of pumping a basis for comparison with a gravity supply I assume | that the present supply of 24,000,600 gallons per diem, which Is inadequate, should be increased 00,000, ‘This amount can be bro’ the city by the prcaent mains, and {8 thé Umit cf their capacity for partial distribution by pumping. ‘he case 1s, therefore, the most fay- orabie one fer the pumping plan, requiring no outlay tor condult pipes to the pumps. Georgetown would continue to be suppiled as at present, Washington would be divided into a high-service and a low-service district by the coutour Une, sixty feet above mean high tide. For the eid of the low-service district the lzinch and 36-inch pipes would be used, and would deliver, with a pressure equivalent to a head 100 feet above tide, at the foot of Capitol Tull, the center of the low-servic2 district, about 20,000,000 gallons per diem. This gives 40 feet head at the highest part of the low- service district (60 feet above tide). Tne s ply would be suilicient for many years. ‘The pumps for the high service would be located at k Creek on the line of the 30 inch mata, and at an elevation of 45 feet above tide, ‘This main would deliver to the pumps about ‘27 ,000,(00 gallons per diem. which raised by tne Fuinps 100 feet, would be supplied to the higa Service district froma head of 145 feet aout Mde—the level of the present distributing reser- soir. The supply would be suflicient for miny years, _ The cost of lifting 1,000,000 gallons of water 160 feet _high cannot be safely estimated, for sunning expenses and interest on capital in- Vested, at less than $12, One million gallons Per dlem—365,000,000 per annum—will cost an- Faro $4.200, Capitalized at 6 oe cent. this rep- c 73,000. If 9,000,000 gallons are pump >4 per diem, the caplialived cost will be i This cost will give a gravity su; ply of 50,000,000 galllons per diem, at an elevation of 40 feet above tide.’ In the one Case, the limit of supply to both high and low Service 18 30,000,000 gallons per diem, and in the other case the possible supply, at an elevation of 135 oe above Ude, is 173,000,000 in the one Of pumps for the high service, and in the other the'solld assurance stare ni inthe ear condult of masonry iid 1 27,000,000 gallons avatlab\ to the high service, the capitalised eoaP ares $1.971,000, and the limit of and low services would per diem. Additional reservoirs woutd be equ 2 283- sary under either plan, and “tne cot Won eS the same, if these were located batween the source of supply and the site of the pumps. 1 | year (1Si9) Its contents included 374, | the ne: located beyond the for the use of the RELIGIOUS NOTES. , | REMINISCENC OF WASHING- high-service, an q aadiuonal large ‘main would \MPROVEMENT OF THE WASHINGTON HARBOR. fon ner pete adlens eye in tenga, — Rey. S. 8. Mitchell, formerly of the New | contract AWARDED—HOW THE woRK 18 TO Rg | Stephen A. Douglas and Daniel From the foregoing it that the us: of | York avenue Presbyterian church, and latterly | DONE AND WHERE THE DUMPING IS TO BR Webster in Tyler's Time. mps, a8 Compared with a wity supply, for | of Brooklyn, has accepted a call to the leadiag MADE—NOCTHING TO BE DONE IN THE WAY OF General Jackson bad been enlisted in the an- Washiny mn. 1s more ‘expensive, more ard- | Presbyterian church in Buffalo, N. Y. SANITARY IMPROVEMENT. nexation of Texas, and as an acknowledgment ous, and of far less extensible capacity. The | —It ts stated that most of the Rev. Stopford | _Tollowing the recent advertised proposals by | Of Lils Services the friends of ieee oy ahead pla’ proposed tn. commend the eite | Brooke's congregation tn Liverpool will follow | the United States engineer department for the | STs Passed a law refunding a fue of oue thous for the amell tecertoir. therein to be | Rim out of the church of England. improvement of the Washington harbor, bids | Judge Hall, at New Orleans, twenty-five years secured at once. In this plan I have suggested | _— Mr. Talmage says: “Wherever in the Bible | have been received by Col. 8. T. Abert, engineer | before. li was for a contempt of court, a retus- the possible conversion ae the steep, rocky val- | you find aman who has more than one wife, n charge, which were opened September 11 and | ing to produce, in obedience toa writ of habeas ey of Rock creek into a great at some | you find bia up to his neck fa trouve.” the award mage en Monday last to the lowest | C°7P"s, a citizen arrested by his orders under future time. The site is shown upon the ac- || —The Roman Catholics of East Baltimoze the martial law which he had companying drainage map. Within the limits of the District of Columbia, the whole drainage area of the creek wou'd be acquired by purchase 2 protect the reservoir from any deleterious in- low, GIVING A NATIONAL PARK, ] atout three miles square. Outside the District the drainage area of Rock Creek 1s about forty square miles, which would either be acquired by purchase for the same purpose, or controled by proper sanitary regulations under appro- priate legislation. Such a project is beyond the necessities of the present, but not of the future,. and there are many considerations which commend tt to present attention. Very reepectfully, a R. 1. Hoxie, ‘Lieut. Engineers, U. S. A. To Major Wm. J. Twining; Corps of Engineers, U.S, A., Engineer Commisstoner D.C. ABOUT THE CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY ITS ORIGIN, HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION— ITS ENORMOUS GROWTH—CONTAINS ALREADY 375,000 VOLUMES — NINETY THOUSAND Vol- UMES UNSHELVED—NEED FOR NEW QUART#RS— REPORT OF TRE COMMITTEE OF ARCHITEC TS— NO ROOM IN THR CAPITOL—ANOTHSR BUILDING NECESSARY—TUE TWO SITES PROPOSED. ‘The Congressional Library is an institution as Well known to Washingtonians as the Cor coran Art gallery, but few of those who fre- quent Its alcoves and reading room are aware of the vast number of books, periodicals, ch arts, maps, etc., contained in the Horary. Tae foun dation of the library was laid eighty years ago. One of the provistons of an act of Congress re- | moving the U.S. government from Philadelphia | to Washington, appropriated $5,000 for the pur- | chase of “such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress at the city of Washington.” | ‘This act was pasced on the 2th of April, 1800, | that wes the beginning of the present | did Ubiury. At that time Washington city ined than 500 inhabitants, re were not more than three public itbrartes in the United States embracing over 5,000 vol- umes. In January, 1802, Con; passed an after considerable discussion, making $3,500 available for books for the library, regulating tbe use of books, creating the joint committee on ubrary, and giving the President the author- ity to appoint a librarian, Until 1815 the clerks of the House of Representatives were the libra- nabs of Congress,” Since that time there have been but four lbrarians, viz: George Watterson, appointed by James Madison, served 14 years; John 8. Meeham, appointed by Gen. Jatkson: served 32 years; John G. Stephenson, appoint by Mr. Lincoln, served 3 years, and the present tncumbent, Ainsworth FE. Spofford, appolatea ir. Lincoln in 1864, who bas served over 16 years. When the British forees burned the Cap- itol,in 1si4, they destroyed the @lbrary, which then contaied but 3,000 volumes. PURCHASE OF THE JEFFERSON LIBRARY. When Congress convened in special session in September, 1S!4, there was nota book of the jlbrary left. Just when Congress was puzzled 4s to the best means of beginaing a restoration of the library a letter was received from Thomas, vetferson offering his valuable collection of books, Which 1t cost him fifty years to gather, to the government upon its own terms. Tae Senate pomply passed a Dill authorizing the purchase of Jefferson’s library, but it was bit- terly antagonized In the House: some of the members holding that the collection contalaed more books than Congress had any use for. ‘The bill, however, finally passed the House by a vote of Si yeas to 71 nays. Then there were delays and discussions in Congress over the question as to where the books should be set up. ‘The collection remained in the post office bulld- ing for Unree years, was then removed to the Capitol, and in 1524, opened and set up in the piesent location of the library. Meantim> \he annnal appropriation for the purchase of Locks had been increased from $1,000 to $2,050 rer annum, and tn 1s24 it was raised to $5,000. In i851 a fire from a defective tlue destroyed 35,000 volumes, leaving only 20,000 rematning with which to again start ‘the’ lbrary, Con- gress was aroused, by this fire, to the necessity ot colug. something for the library without de- lay, and an sporopration ot $72,500 was made or the repairing and restoring of the library, and of $59,000 for the purchase of books, OTHER ACCESSIONS. The next steps in the way of improving and building up the Mbrary were the construction of the two wings in 1865, and the immediate Ni ling of each with 75,000 volumes—15),000 in ihe two; the acquisition of the great Smithso- ulen Worary ia is66; the purchase of the iy Ferce historival collection tor $100,00) in 1st and the enactment of the copyrigh: iaw in 1s70, In 1864 the library contained $6,414 volumes, Dut it has grown with each year since until last 2 vol inn Inshort, it has beca more than quadraplei tar ing the Ja3t sixteen years, and st Mess ford became librarian. Ib 13s now the tenta lection of books, in size, in the wor! NINETY THOUSAND VOLUMES PILED ON T¢E FLOOR. At present the library contains more than 375,000 volumes, and in the space asslyned to it | there is only sheif-room for 250,000, leaving 90,000 to be piled In heaps on the floor or in the alcoves or on the shelves behind other books. In addition to the books there are 120,000 pam- phiets, 6,000 bound volumes of newspaper tlles, embracing more than a century of American since 179 of the Moniteur nearly all English reviews and magazines. Two newspapers and American from each state, representing both po- litical parties, have been taken for maby years and are kept forreference. There 1s an’ immense accumulation of maps and charts illustrative of the chartography of this country In every stage of its development. Tne librarian is required by law to preserve the record of copyright and to receive copy: publications for the United States. In 1579 there were more than 15,000 entries of copy- right publications and for each euiry two copies of the pubilcation are required to be posited In the brary. The vaiue of the jaw books alone deposited under tits law is estimated at over $8,000 per aunum, During the ten years of the ‘operation of this law au immense umber of prints, engravings, chromos and photographs, some of them of seat size have beea received, and there {3 rap- idly forming a collection, which will make a most instructive gallery of the arts or design in America, ‘There 13 not room in the library tor Lhe proper setting up of even the books, and all these other things, perlodicals, maps, ctc., have to bundled up and pile in heaps. ‘There fs not_room even for ing and unpacking, without using space intended icr readers aud visitors. EVERYWHERE PILES AND STACKS OF BOOKS rect the eye. For six or seven years the lora- lian has been urging Congress to provide addl- tonal accommedations, and while all the mem- bers of both houses recognize the importance, essity, of Unts, differences of oplaton a3 ‘oa Site for the proposed new library bas pre- vented final aclon. At the last session of Con- giess an act Was passed authorizing the ap- pelntment of three expert architects to consider abd report upon the question of increased i:brary accommodations, ‘The gentlemen s2- iccted were Messrs. Edward Clark and John L, Smithmeyer, of Washington, and Alexander R. Esty, or Boston. They have had severai meet- ings during the summer, and bave agreed tibanimously, upon a report, which will be sub- titted to Congress at Une coming session. This report 1s to the effect that while the Capitol can be enlarged without injury to the architectural harmony and beauty of that edifice, no such en- largement, COULD POSSIBLY GIVE THE NEEDED ROOM tor the great and rapidly growing Itbrary. Tae Joint committee of Congress on the Mbrary will Toeet in Washington soon after the November election to receive the report of the architects and consider it. They will make such further recommendations as they May deem necessary and sebmit the report to Congress early ia De- cember, Even a casual visttor to the library must observe the painfully crowded condition of the contents and admit the pressing necessity for early action by Congress. The labors of Congress, so greatly aided by the incessant use cf .nis collection of authorities must be serl- ous!y inj at no distant day, unless the remedy be applied. All the copyright collec- Ucns and the maps, charts, engravings, et:., are ey inaccessible tor want of roo n In which they can be exhibited. LIBRARY SITES PROPOSED. One site for 8 proposed new brary building that is favored by many members of Congress, is the Judiciary Square, eer) 19 acres in the heart of the city. Others have proposed ere a building on the ground just east of the Capitol, but, as a matter of course, no! can. ‘where CS Creed 2 ae rt of the architects - With the r ft project of 80 wnodate the 88, it will bably abandon the Snare tne Capit ‘as to accom: Ubrary in that building, Votes and Kisses. — ¥ rd yor miss, Asians ety afore cane ‘corruption is terribly strong, And be ‘to repent it ere long. What becomes of the kiss? Since the voter dared earn ation "Il be made to return it. In justice one hopes he'll le as eer be troubled with a bark is now on the Bernhardt is said to cough, in which case her ae have opened a new building fora lyceum. It bears the name of Carroll Hall, and cost $30,099. —A conference on disestablishment is to be held in Edinburgh this month. Several mem- pes of Parliament are expected to taxe part in —It 1s rumored that at Harvard College morning prayers will be abandoned at theclose of the year. This will be shocking to many of the orthodox. —The Spanish government proposes to “warn” preachers who indulge in political ser- mons. It Is well for some of our brethren that they do not dwell in Spain. — About this time expect casual references 40. the sermons of returned ministers, “As I was ascending Vesuvius,” or, “Standing one day be- heath the dome of St. Peter's.” —A junior was heard to remark on a recent Sanday, after Prof. — had preached an elo- qnent sermon: “That was a splendid sermon. Gad! 10S single gestures and thirteen double.” | —In several Ritualistic churches tn London, cna recent Sunday, the congregations were re- quested to pray for the repose of the soul of the Rey F. Lowder, late vicar of St. Peter's, Lon- don, who was an entreme ritualist. — The Minnesota Methodists have voted ‘at thetr state conference that they will do what they can to discontinue Sunday papers and ex- pressed the judgment that chureh notices ought not to be published in a Sunday issue. — Twelve of the larger foreign misstonary so- cteties, of which six are European and six American, gained last year upward of $509,000 in receipts over the vious year. Over $800,000 of this amount represents the gain of the American socteties. The Ptesbyterians appear to have taken 4 So contract to convert the Mormons from the error of their way. Sixteen women have recently gone to Utah to labor as missionaries and teachers, and the denomination now have 30 teachers in different parts of the territory. —Sunday-school children are no longer taught to believe that Lot’s wife was turned into'a pillar of salt; but, inthe “International Bible Stu * for Sunday-schools, it 15 said that she was caught Ina storm, which “sufTo- cated her, encrusted her, and possibiy burned her to a cinder.” —A temperance preacher other day during the conference at Syracuse: out of the White House too soon. What will follow 1s not yet _Koown. Christian men and women should not allow wine to be introduced there again without a vigorous protest.” --The Suffolk West Assoctation (eastern Massachusetts) has decided that _a positive be- Mer in the cndiessness of future pualshment is not absolutely necessary tor admi=ston to the rauks of Congregational ministe: each case inust be decided not according to ab- stract principles, but according to its individual merits. —The Christian at Work suggests that Dean Stanley's projected vistt to this country 4s to gather statistics and other Information re- garding the working of the Episcopal church when dissociated from the state, which may be useful to Mr. Gladstone in the inevitable move- ment for the disestablishment of the Anglican church now looming up. —The*Passion Play” at Oberammergan has proved unprecedently remunerative this year. Up tothe ist of September a net profit of about $110,000 had been secured. Besides this, the amount of money spent by the tourists in the village It Is incalculable, so that the promoters ofthe “Passion Play” ‘have literally been re- warded for discharging what has been always deemed a duty by them witha harvest of gold. — Some of the Baptist churches of California Tefuse to meet with the San Francisco asso- ciation until it_ has rid itself of the Rev. I Kajloch. The First Baptist church of Sto notified the officers of the association that It would not entertain the association, because tt would be in the hands of those who sustain Mr. Kalloch, for whose “irregular practices’? oe desires to hold “no responst- y. — Complaint ismade by the Rochester Er- press (Rep.) that owing to the Methodist. Epis- copal Conference changes, Garfield will lose in the state of New York about one hundred votes of clergymen. The Erpress wants relief “by special iegisiation for this large class of men, who are al least of equal respectability and tm- portance as compared with soldiers, sailors, students and the convicts of our jails and peni- \cnuaries, for whom special provision 1s made.” — Andover Theological Seminary has de- clded to lengthen tts term of study for prepara ) for the ministry from three years to four. his step ts round desirable because of the ne- Cessity lor more thorough preparation on the part of tne young theologues, Skepticism and i Naelity are giving the churches more t-ouble now then fora long Ume hitherto, and yre- senting objections which ministers must be able to meet, if they would do a successful work. — The Revised Bible, now that it is almost cone, secms to find scant welcome anywhere among religious bodies. Although it ts the wcrk of the united scholarship of the churches and has been carried on under the initlatton ard auspicesof the church of England, the Eplscopa church convention, in session at'New York, bas developed a strong opposition to It, and the recent Presbyterlan council only pointed to its charter provision forbidding it to adopt any revised scriptures. —A new and scientific definition of con- sclence was presented at the late Norfolk con- ference in Campello, says the Congregationalist, by a stranger who declined to give his name. The gentleman said that he didnt read the Bible much, but he opened it the other day and saw the word conscience and {t impressed him. He had studied Latin a few weeks, and though he didn’t know much about it, it had let him into the meaning of that word conscience. Science, and con, ‘to pore over, to study; con- sclence, to study science! —A strong petition was offered in the Egls- copal Diocesan convention. In New York, pray- ing for the abolition of special rights to pews in churches, The petitioners belleve that the practice, never prevalent until within a few years, of renting pews and seats in advance smacks a great dealof sharp busiaess. They claim that every church should belong as much to the poor as to therich, and that’a man’s spirit, instead of his clothes and his m should determine where he may sit or kne —The Michaelmas Day celebrations in the ritualistic churches cf London were even more elaborate than they usually are. At the church of Saints Vedast and Michael, Cheapside, a brass cross was on the’altar,and there were two tall lighted candles and about forty un- lUghted (apers, Between the candlesticks were Tumerous vases of flowers. The celebrant was. dressed precisely as a Roman Catholle priest 1s at celebration of mass. The choir sang a ver- remarked the ton of the M ‘Mrs. Hayes 1s going fitted English translation of the Roman Catho- / throat Miss Etynge has ittic orno neck aud lots llc eucharistic hymn, “O Salutaris Hostia.” —The Duke of Argyll, by a recent speech at Ballachulish, has thrown the religious world of Seouland intoa ferment. The Duke stated that Episeopalianism in Scotland 1s “an exotic,” and the phrase seems to have been generally interpreted as a term of vituperation. Ali the sects—Presbyterian, Catholic, and Anglican— have been wrangling over it ‘ever since. The Bishop of Donkeld has delivered a solemn charge against 1t, and the controversy ha3 now degenerated into a dispute about the primitive organization of the christian church. —Bishop Colenso, of Natal, well known by bis udvanced views on the Pentateuch, lives very quietly at his residence near Maritzburg, - where he 1s not often seen except on Sunday, when he conducts services in the church. He isdescribed as elephantine in appearance, be- ing almost seven feet high and of massive frame. He wears a wide-brimmed stovepipe beaver hat of the old-fashioned cut and a lon; coat of thin black material He ts regard with awe and reverencé by the natives, who salute him as supreme or great chief. The Bishop is now 66 years old, but retains his vigor of mind. One of bis daughters acts as his amanuensis, and Kafirs are his printers. —The Archbishop of Canterbury sald re- tly that there were few intelligent students of theology nowadays who saw any inconsis- ney between the teaching of approved geo- logical science and the great central truths re- specting God and man’s nature as communt- catea to us in the Mosaic records. No doubt a view of these records somewhat different from what we were accustomed to in old days was implied in this change of thought, but neither in respect of the earliest work of Scripture nor of any portion of what the church had re- ceived and handed down as the Word of God was there any change in the reverence at- teching to that teachi ng by which the Spirit of God intended these works to gulde the soul. —An episode of the missionary meting at well last week: Dr. Clark spoke of woman’s a yt the special 1 and most hopeful nt era. The woman’s pose for the women to gather S “Rome of mu for father up. ‘women present thought the food doctor thet have found the collection of easier most Chadbourne of Wil- ethodist | | bidder, the ional Dredging Company, ofice at No. 1420 New York avenue, In this city. This work —— the widening of the Washington channel between the northeast end of the Long Bridge and Greenleat’s Potnt, or the United States arsenal, where the Eastern Branch enters the Washington channel; and it is the purpose to expend the available amount ($55.00) Of the appropriation made Lhe last ses: ‘on Of Congress ($50,000) for the widening as stated, the depth of the channel, when com- pleted, not to be less than 15 feet at low tide. The present channel along the wharf front between the points named is 200 feet wide, 75 feet next the wharves being 15 feet deep, and the remaiving width 12 feet deep at low ude. ‘This was the condition of the channel last fall, ai the completion of the dredging contract with Messrs, Fobes & Co., which expired at that time, and which was fully de in Tae Stax, ‘The work already done has been of immense advantage to the commerce of this District the Pp _SUseasor, enabiing many heavy-draft vessels «employed in the ice and coal trade to enter and depart the channel with freedom at auy stage ot the tide, The specifications accompanying the preposals named two localities for dumping the ma’ertal to be excavated; onepn the Potoma> Nts anywhere from one totwelve miles below, the permission of owners of lands fronting on such flats to be first obtained for damping such deposits ) and the other on the harbor flats b-low te Lorg bridge. The bid of the National Inedging Company was 14 cents per cubic yard depositing the material to be excavated upon : Pyromac ilats, and 21 cents per yard for de- stihg on the harbor flats. The former bid of i4 cents per cuble yard ts the one accepted by the chief engineer, he con- | py) siruing the act making the appropriation to e reference to the improvement of the ha: , and not especially to its sanitary improv ment. TRE WORK NOT IN THE DIRECTION OF SANITARY IMPROVEMENT, ‘The fearfully flitby condition of the river flats both below and above the Long bridge ts weli known to all, and anything to be done looklug to its sanitary improvement ts a matter of great interest and importance to the citizens of Wash- ington. ‘The hope has been general that this appropriation would be expended in the drei 1ug and improving of th bridge, Compariug the condition of the below with that above the bridge, 1t is apparent to all that the latter needs the first attention, the Fecelving as It does, upon its surface, great bulk of debris from the fresh as sewer deposits from the 17th- outlet, and situated nearer to the more Ly populated portion of the city, is therefore most offensive, ‘The appropriation expended ta this way would be in entire harmony with the plan preposed by the Commitiee of One Hundred Citizens some years ago, and which was ‘bse- quently adopted by the District Commis toners ater belng semewhat modified by the engineer the In c-rmmisstoner, and probably would most views and wishes or this entire communtt con’ tion between the chief enyineer, ¢ I. G, Wright and Tuk Stak reporter, tue 1 stated that the appropriation having been made i the regular way in the act for river aud har- bor improvements, it could not be diverted to carrying out plans other than those best cal- culated for the improvement oi navigation and commerce in the Washington harbor, and that in fature appropriations of this kind 1t wouid be well for the District_ government authorities to see to it that such appropriations should be special in thelr character, and not in the river abd harbor bill. The work will be commenced 5 soon as the contractors have finished a job in progress in the Delaware river, and the appropriation will be expended during the present fiscal year, A NEGLECTED RIVER. While Congress has made large appropriations 22 nually for improvements of rivers or harbors: iu all the states, it isa singular fact that not until lest year has there been a dollar appro- priated for or expended on the original Wash- ington Channel since the year 1792, when the city was first ald out. At the same tme the sole title and ownership of all the wharfage rights on the river front south of Water street is SUll retained by the United States, the dredg- ing out of cocks, basins, «c., ing always been done at the expense of the local govern- ments, the authority for the same having always been included in all the corporation charters granted by Congress. The number of cuble yards to be excavated is not given, but those who have practical know edge of stich work, state approximately, that It Wiil not be far from HOU, ‘The process of Working upon such jobs 1s quite interesting, great Improvements having been made tu the appliances used within the last. few years. The old scoop bucket attached to dredging machines has been discarded, and 1n place or itis now used what is termed the “clam shell,” formed or two ponderous jaws made of boller-iron, which, by the heavy ma- chinery, is made to plunge rapidly to the bot- tem, close Se and bring up five or six cabic yardsot mud,which fs carefully disgorged upon Jarge wooden ‘scows placed at convenient di lance from this animated mud-eating skeleton, called a dredging machine. When the scows are loaded they have to be towed to the damp- ing place, sometimes at considerable distances from the place Of excavation, and just here is where the cost and trouble comes in, the tow- ing off and depositing, requiring a much longer time than the di macaine does in lifting out the material from the bottom of the river to the decks of the cows. The working capacity of these machines is from 300 to 500 cuble yards per day when the place of deposit is at a con- Vepient distance. ‘The Stage Dresses of the New York Actresses. The leading actresses and beauties of the American stage are not disposed to permit Sara Bernhardt to get the better of them in Nine dressing at least. The sprightly Beatrix, of the New York Mirror, thus speaks of the rage for maguificent tollets that has taken pos- session of the New York stage: “At the present moment at three New York theaters can be studied the most extravagant costumes of mod- ern construction. That which “Our First Fai ilies” left undone at Daly's, we, through Fanny Davenport, accomplished at the Fifth Avenue, until Wednesday evening, when Eile Wilton and Rose Etyngé grappled with the great dress question, and gave u3 a genuine surprise. After the gorgeous apparel exuibited up town, ii was lett for the litle Park to reveal the further possibility of the New York dressmaker whca Feally put to her mettle. Rose Etynge is too ponderous about the Waist, and too short about the legs to do splendid costumes entire justice. Her frst Giess Was one of baltled beauty, though she ap- peared to best advantage in’ it. A walking Costume of royal purplish wine-color, with too purplish a tint for claret and too reddish a hue for plum, this over-dress was draped high at one side oyer a rich brocaded saUn skiri. A Cavalier hat, with shaded feathers and a uiticent parazol, completed a pleture of weil- dressed buxom’ beauty. In succveding acts Miss Etynge wore an evening costume of bla Tulle, protusely adorned with wide golden em- broidery. The pufls of illusion were too stu d gave the lady acroupy effect about the ot shoulders; the flattest trimmings plainest cut waists are most becoming. In the car¢-playing scene she appeared in a neutral. tinted siik, into which V sbaped pieces of gold apd dark’ striped material were let on the and old man. I do belie out of umbrellas. eekly Hest provocation. They were found at the nD wor t e corsage, back ‘and front, at the top of the sleeves, and’ at frequent intervals all over the dress, In this gown, with a tlgat pair of white gloves, the lady sat down ‘to swindle ber host at cards, and found she had all she could do to hold the pack and deal a perfectly square game, after the fashion of a pair of children playiog “Old Maid.” In the last act, clad in funeral weeds, her duty was rformed—a — one it would seem. ‘ing that of hol ng poor **Wilton’s” meg | barbered head into a hemlock pert ame it out, whispering loud and wicked wo! into it, and putting it right back into another bush. Miss Wilton, ever elegant, on this occasion was too swell for earthly use. She dazzled the house first in a dress of blue velvet, court train, embroidered in every shade of blue, over an em- broidered white satin i and stomacher, with an Elizabethan collar about her gracetul neck, and the family diamonds, more numer- ous and more beautiful than ever. Further acts brought forth a lovely white brocade tollet and le, an open-work costar one of opal brocade, front of pinks and blues, and intricave arran; ments in the way of wad over a pet"icoat of white, which had about the bottom a shell- fl. unce of the white silk lined with blue. Pretty Jo.ephine Baker's slender figure showed to ad- vantage in arobe of inserting apd narrow put- firgs, the entire dress belng composed of em- broidery and muslin. jous Drauggist. The druggists apprentice during his master’s absence became again voluble to the customer. Said the apprentice, half in narrative, “The These crazy. He is we | | | Aud smail, dwarting what otherwise w: | cider vine agg Stephen A. Douglas, who just entered Congress ss one of the seven representatives from Lilihols, was prominent in procuriag the passage of the bill refunding the fine, and when e afterward visited Une Hermitage he reoelved seneral Jackson's earnest thanks. “I felt cer= tain in roy own mind,” sald the general, “th 1 was not Fay of violating the constitution. But I could never make out & legal jasufication of my course, nor has it ever been done, sir, until you, on the floor of Congress, established At beyond the possibility of doubl. 1 thank you, sir, for that speech. ‘This Was the first move made by Mr. Douglas in his canvass for the presidency, but he was soon prominent in that class of candidates of Whom Senator William Allen, of Onio, sald, “sirt they are going about the country like dry- goods drummers, exhibiting samples of the wares.” Always on the alert to make ne friengs and to retain old ones, he was not on| a vigorous hand-shaker, but he would throw his arms fondly around a'man, asif he possessed (he first place In bts heart. No statement was too chary Of (rath in {is composition, no partis: n uoeubre was too openly dishonesi, no politt- PalhWay was too Gangerous, aa opportu. Murded for making nt for Doug Hie wes ladu tng his Driliant tdeas In ener apguage, and Standiag lke a Mon at op posed, Mr. Douglas bad a herculean fram>, wi exception of bis lower limbs, which w et emphatte bay when tho short have nd he was popu- bern a conspicuous fgui arly known as “the Litie Giant.’ Mts larce round bead surmounted a massive neck, and 18 features were symmetrical, aithou: bis small nose deprived them of digatty. dark eyes, peering from beneath brows, gicained with energy, mixed with au expression Of slyness and sajactty, and his full lips were generally stained at the corners of his mouth with tobavco-juloe. His ¥ Y neither musical nor sort, and his gestures bot graceful. But he would speak for hours in clear, well-enunciated tones, and the sharp llinots attorney soon developed into the states- man at Washington. Dantel Webster continued to pass his winters at Washington after he left the Depariment of Siate, attending (o his large practice before the Supreme Court. He had been coldly received on his return to Massachusetts, after having been the recognized premier of John Tyler's ad- ministration, and he spoke to a friend with some Uitlerness of some of * solid men of Boston” u projecting as “sixty-day fellows, with thelr three days’ grace.” In his mind's ese be doubtless some of them wondering whether certain prom- issory notes upon which they had pul their Lames Would be paid by Lim or by them. Nor Would he admit that because of the pecuniary given him, he was modestly to retire into Tear rank, and let a wealthy cotton-sptaner nd foremost among the whigs of Massachu- setts. ‘The most t Webstar was He spoke for three days, but be tle arguments of ‘Messrs, y eTegeant. the ablest lawyers of elphia, who Gefended the bequest and gained the sult, Mr, Justice Story, in deliver- ing the opinion of the court, said That the case had been “argued with great learulng and abil- ity Mr. Webster entertained a great many vis- 1 and lis demeanor in his own house was delightful, Naturally generous and hospitable, he welcomed his guests “like a tine old ‘sh gentleman,” and had for each a pleasant word, or areminiscence of the past. Sitting at the head of his tabie, Mr. Webster always carved Uie principal dishes with the dexterity of an auatomist, seasoning the repast with wittt- 5 v4 anecdotes, and quotations.—November Atlantic, e CRor.—The picking of apples for winter is about completed, and thou- Sands Of barrels are being exported aud as Tany placed in storchouse for home consump- Ucn. The season may be considered as ended, el tens Of thousands of bushels remain un- gathered on the ground. Such an abundant crop will not be looked for in several years egain, Apple butter and apple jelly properly made wilt keep for years, Of course, elder and ‘gar will be largely manufactured, and New Jersey Will not go Short on apple jack.— ¥. Sun, When Spotted Tall writes a letterto the Sec- heck for ° TY Of the Interlor, enclosing a fo be used for certain legal expenses, i say the red man cannot be civil’ m Herald, ——— IST OF LETTERS REMAINING [N THE Li ihuiscroe eit POST OF FICE, Saturday, October 23. 1880. f2-To obtain any of these Letters the applicant must call for “*ADVERTISED LETTERS,” aud sis the date of this list. een one mouth they will be 08. wi £971 uot called for feut to the Dead Letter 01 LADIES’ LIST A—Atwater Ada C: Anderson Catherine; Allen ¥1 ya: Ahearn Hannah: Appleton Nannie a. 3S—Brooks AC Mrs. ‘Brooks Oeny: Browne Car- rm jnardinan Catherine; Ba! Elmira; B; tlen: Blakely Puitra: Bese Bila: Basse Jane, Mana Bid Mamie, Barttoe hath v1 sire a iraxte id Ue Barrett Mary; Baker Mary dane er Mary Ja) —Coner Annie: Collins Abbie Coston J M Mrs: Crutchfield Jennie ;« ; Cously M. lary E. Cotta Mary ; Colbert Martha ; ©. Mary C; Cubit Susan : Cook S J Miss. D—Duvn E Mes; Debois Elizabeth; Davis ary Mre; Dean Mary E; Mi Bf Draier 7 Devine, Ma : Mary; Doll Mamie; Duvall 4.0 Mrs. vane Hattie. Evers Jane: Etwlish IO Mra. pic Any Mise: Furr Allee, Frasier: Gunma: eiicn Jno Atrs; Freuch Mary L. Fore Bebe Fenwick Rallic. sie metaes Goode Dickey; Grimes Corneille: Goodwin Grabam HE’ Mies; Goudy Kate; Gordou Kets V, Grey Emma; Gorelau Martha. M—Har.iscn Dora: Hill Garnet Mrs; Bayes H B Mrs; Holeman Hattie: Hill Ids 0: Handoiph Jorephine: Hillard Louise; Ball Mary; Hamilton Mary J: Hall V A Mies. nson Fannie; Jones Olive; Jones Sarah: Jsckson Veni Kimble A M Mrs: Ketchem HS Mrs; Knapp 3s — Kir SF Mra; Kemper W P Mre. Ar lesis Lavinia: Lamborn Mre; Lemmons Lile Taos Mr. Mairson A Mrs; Murray Catherine: Mad eth; Mitzin HW Mrs Florence; Metzgar Mi 3 ali erson Margaret. N—Nelson Ed) Norse Een. Norman Fannie. meted V H Mra. ce H Mrs: Polen Hannah; Primer Maris Yawley Mary; Fool Mamie; Porter 8 Emily; Pry allie. 3#—Rosch Elien: Bicberdson Ela; insaell Ettie: Reed Levee! Kisemouth Miss; Keed Susan; S—Xentcles Chas Mra; Slaw Hoettie: Suapp Ost- tie; Stoiode Clatne; thaw Hattie; Seldere Hannal snied Jape W; Selman Josephine. Scott Jessie; Rorrell Lizzie; ‘Spencer rs, Smoot Maxie; r Rif Mre: Sim jorep! F ith Sareh Mrs; Sr »: Towles Anna: ¥; Zhomas Fani P tie; Tasker Martha; Turner Tomes Nancy; T Sarah; Tolewan WC V—Vanghan Mahala roline : tie; Wood Heeta A: “Williams Jatia! apg Lucy: Webster Lucy: Wat Lou. Whe ie L; White Maygie: “Williame Martha: Wil liams Marion; White M Mrs; Washington Mattie, Willian s W RM. i ’ \—Young Sopt GENTLEME! List. A—Arncld Bion J; Anderson 0: allison Paward Anderson #atthew; Abrams Trueman; Auuan W G, B-—Bolling Bartlett: Brandis Carl; Boss E; Brown Ba: 4; Baker W; Boliey John C—Oarter © arkson Georwe Cox John W; Clark J oe, MF, 2. e. Fich liarry C; Brey R 3 Fin 3 Frey Filps Wintield. . race Jan H. ©; Hayectt Hiram Hy nderson, ist ; Hume T, 2. J—schs son Kdward; Jobneon James: Johnson Jas Es Josce John D; Johneon JH: Jackson —Kese Jes Hi Kerney JW. Krone Jas Ow Bing Jas ¥; Knowies Jus T; Kirby Jos; Kemp N Kerk Patrick. L—Lewis "hee B- Lane Wr. M—Merrick C1; Meyers Chas: Mertz DF; Mves EG: Miles Jno E: Miles Jas A; Moyer & Dedrick Mitchell Robt Gen; Mershall Wm G, ary; Pierce Isien J; Fivmumer Jos H: Pet 2rd Wai U; Patterson W