Evening Star Newspaper, February 1, 1865, Page 1

PUEBIGHED DAILY, (EXCEPT SUNDAY.) AT THR STAR BUILDINGS, Bow: kiwis corner of Pennsylvania av. and lsh sirect, | By W. D. WALLACH. pe EE ‘The Bran is served by the C4 and Dir P CE See cp is wae Paiom POR MAILING —Single copy. three cents; month seteniy Ate cen bi x pia. one dollar Ase rss * ste lollavs. Wo,papers ea thres (om the office Pai r. Tue Wavx.y Stan one dollar and akalf a year, TRAVELERS’ DIRECTORY. BALTIMORE & OHIO BB. CO. cream tA cammmason, lass peri’ 16, ESE Op and after Sunday, December 18, 1864, Passen- ger Trains between Washington and Baltimore will De ren ss follows: TEAINS MOVING NORTH. RISBURG TRAIN—Leare Washington 6-13 a % —Lesve Washington 6:15 4. M. Arrive at Baltimore S00 4m. Ng, 2-NEW YORK & PHILADELPHIA EX- PRes— ave Washingt n 7:30 4. u. Arrive at Phijadelphis 1:56 p_u., New York 5:30 r.™. No Baltimore tiekets sold No. 3—BALTIMORE & WESTERN TRAIN— = ashington ©.15 4 stopping at way ations, eonnecting at Relay the Mail Train r the West.and reaching Baltimore at.10:00 a.™, No. 4—NBW YORK MAIL TRAIN—Leave Wash- ington 11:15 a.m. Arrive at Baltimore at 12:45 ¥.., Philadelphia 5:37 Pp. u., New York 10:00 ?.M. No. 5—BALTIMORE TRAIN AND WAY STA TIONS—Le Washington 3:00 P. M., connec: ing at Rela th Frederick train, Arrive at Bal: timore 4:15 pu No. 6-BALTIMGRE COMMUTATION AND PHILADELPHIA TRAIN—Loeave Washington 4:30 r.u. Arrive at Baltimore 6:10 P.M. This train stops at Bladensburg, Beltsville, Laurel ana Annapolis Junction only. No. 7—BUsTON, ALBANY & NEW YORK EX- PRESS TRAIN—Leave Washington 6:00 P. m. Arriveat New York 4:00 4.™. Mails and Paseen- by this train connect with all the early morn- lines leaving New York for the Bast, North a West. No P feet Hd Sey or Baltimore ticketa no) by this train. which is limited in eapacity by Goy ernment orders to insure the mails. No, }- BALTIMORE & HARRISBURG TRAIN Leave Washington 6:45 P.m.and arrive at Balti- more §:25 P M No 9—NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND Wactsun SEATE Leave Waskingsas at 7:30 P.M; ing at Re'ay House fer Western passen- 40 take xpress Train for Grafton, Wheelt their sud- jers to 4 seribders in t for TWEuY AFD A HAL ‘arkersburg, and sll points in the West. Reac New York at 6:15 a.m. FOR ANNAPOLIS the connections will be made with the 8:15 a. M,and the 3 and 4:30 P. . from Washington, No trains to orfrom Annapolis on v. SUNDAY TRAFNS. THE ONLY TRAINS FROM WASHINGTON passengers on Sunday are the §:15 and 11:15 4.™.and 3 P. x. for Baltimore, and 7:30 P.M. for Baltimore, Philadelphis, and the West, and the 6 Pr. u. for New York oniy. THROUGH TICKBTS *o the West. as well as to Philadelphia, New York, or Boston, can be had at the Station Ticket Office at all heurs in the day, as well as at new office in the American Telegraph Building, Pennsylvania avenue, between'4>s and 6th str BAGGAGE will be checked at all hours. —also for through points, to save trouble and confusion at the departure of the trains. 2 = ALL PASSENGERS, whether soldiers or citizens, are politely but earnestly requested te respect the rules of the Line, established for the general ad- vantage. such as the keeping of one or more cars exclurively for ladies and their attendants, and the prevention of smoking in any but the smoker's ears, and a'ro to make a cheerfui compliance with the decisions of the nte or conductors im regard to their seats, tickets, etc.. especially in the burry of starting the trains. ‘W. P. SMITH, Master of Transportation. * ‘QL. M. COLE, General Ticket Agent. dec BEAT PENNSYLVANIA ROUTE TO TEE = NORTHWEST ANU SOUTHWEST. + Re ee See On after December 25, trains will leave Bal- timere from North Calvert Station, as foll Past Mail at. —-- — 9.20 urg Aceommoda’ Brie and Pittsdu Pitteburg and El 6.154, M. TRAIN FROM WASHINGTON pth ee the $20 A. M_ train from Baltimore for Pittsburgh and the West and for Elmira, Buffalo, Rochester. oo Canan- dalgas, eter fork city. lows : M. THE 430 P.M.TRAIN FROM WASIINGTON ith the 8P. M_ train from Baltimore Senses wilt Pittsburg and Erie. HE 6.45 P.M. TRAIN FROM WASHENGTON TConnects with the 10 P. M. Express from Balti- more and runs through to Pittsburgh and Elmira, without shange of ears. connecting at Pittsburgh for Cincinnati, Chicago, d 8t. Louis and at i for Buffalo, iyracuse, © NE THROUGH TRAIN ON SUNDAY, ¢ Leaving Washington at3 o’clock P.M, SLEEPING CARs ON NIGHT TRAINS, Sopixers’ Thoxets av Govenxwent Rates, LOW FARE AND QUICK TIME. WZ Por Tickets and any information apply at the Office of the Great Pennsylvama Route, cornar Penneylvaria avenue and Sixth street, under Naticual Hotel. and Depot House, No. 463 € st., wear New Jerrey avenue, Washiv vey in co. E. J. WiLKINS, Passenger and Ticket Agent. JNO. GILLETT, Passenger Agent, corner 6th street and Pa. ave. dec 29 tf HILADELPHIA STEAMERS. New Express Line nemai-week!: . ADELPHIA and ALEXANDR: BASHINGTON and GEORG. newamers Mayflower, Philadelphia and George Regular sailing days WEDNESDAYS and SAT- URDAYS, from No. 14 North Wharves, Philadel- phis. and No. 54 Water street, between Congress and High. Georgetown. Por freight ee OTN 2. DAYIDEOR, o. ater #tree! eor le Agent in Philadelphia, WM. P, OLYDS, i¢ North Wharves. BOWEN sové-tf tween PHIL Agents in Alexandria, FLOWERS & No. 1 King st. DAMS EXPRESS COMPANY, _ Office 514 Pa, Avenuc, Washington, D.C. @REAT FASTERN. NORTHERN, AND jr ERN EXPRESS FORWARDERS, ios MERCHANDISE, MONEY. JBWELRY, VALU- ABLES, ES. sTOOKS. BONDS. &c., Forwarded with SAFBTY AND DIBPATO accessible sections of the country. T Bas agencies in the Principal Kailway NORTH, EAST, WEST AND NORT. Ita principal offices are WASHINGTON, B. C., NEW YOR PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMO CENNATI, BT. LOUIS, LOU __ VILLE, LEXINGTON, withiines faregraine to the CARRDAN ee toe Les forwarding to the and the BRIPIFH PROVINCES and other steamship lines to LIVERPOOL, SOUTHAMPTON and HAY 5 and therce by Eure pean expresses te all promineat eommereial towns in Great Britain and the Conti- went. Collection of NOTES, DRAF at all accessible part: of the Gaited Staten ane se C. 0. DUNN, Agent, Washington, D. 0. Wy 488 Naron CITY SAVINGS BANK inconronateD Magcu Sra, 1864" EDWARD STMMB. President and T. : BDW’D CLARK, Vigs President ‘aad Boaretary, DIREOTORS. MO . 2,3, COOMBS, NR. BLYANS, Y Wn i. v.winee: 7 @4HDNan, This Bi oP now Open for the receipt of De- NEW BANEENG HOUSB, No, $& Louisiana av.. under Simm’s New Building EDWARD CLARK, Becretary, EDWARD CLARK & 60,, BANEERS, the Savings Bank, No, 55 Louisiana avenue, DEALERS IN CHANGE, GOLD AND SILVER, And General Banking Business, Brward Crang, @ecl7-eo2rma Joum B, Exvays. JAY COOKE & CO BANKERS, Firvapara Braun, orrosirs U. 8. Tasasvay, Receive Budseriptions for the NEW OU. 8. 73-10 LOAN suthorized by the act of June Sth, 1964. ‘The notes will be issned ander date of August wo pominations of 0, 9100, $500, 81.000 and 85,090, Bevable te bearer or order, bearing interest at 1-10 per centum per annum, payable semi-an wally, and will be convertible the option of ‘the holder at maturity inte six pe cent. Five ‘Twenty Bonds, GOVERN MENT BONDS of all iemes, ‘FREASUBY NOTES, OBRTIFIOATSS OF INDEBTEDNESS, And OOIN, And poy the highest price for UABTERMASTES'S ORBTIFIOATE CHBOKS, tye JAY COOKE & 09, \. AMUSEMENTS. CANTERBURY HALL. MUBI( CANTERBURY HALL, AKD a raha {OANTEABUBY HALL’ TH waTES Lovs1a¥a AVENUE, 3EAR SIXTH STREET, Rear of National and Metropolitan Hotels, GEORGE LEA .........--.... ---.-...Proprietor Also of the Varieties, New York, and Canterbury Alexandria, Va. JOBH HART~......... . Btage Manager CONTINUED OARNIVAL OF MERRIMENT, of the greatest Standard VARIETY THBATER OP THE AGE, VARIETY THEATER OF THE AGE. VARIRGY THEATER OF THE AGE. VaRIETY THEATER OF THE AGE. MORE ADDITIONS MORSE ADDITIONS MOBE ADDITIONS To the slready overwhelming Combination of Ar tistes which, in point of numbers and professional reputation, has never before been equalled by any other place of amusement in theatrical history, ATTRACTIONS FOR TO-NIGHT. ATTRACTIONS FOR TO NIGHT. ATTRACTIONS £OR TO-NiGHT, First appearance of THOMPSON AND KERNS, THUMPSON AND KERNB, THOMPSON AND KEKNS, Who are, without the shadow ofdoubt, the DOUBLE 80NG ANB DANCE MEN Best DOUBLE SONG AND DANCE MEN BEST DUUBLE SUNG AND DANC& MEN in America, besides being Ethicpian Comedians of the very fret order, Second week of MISS MAUDE STANLEY, 183 MAUDE STANLEY, Miss MAUDE STANLEY, Whose sweet and pathetic strains in her Son, the Heart bold the audience spell bound. Stanley has no equal as @ Pathetic Vocalist Second and last week of Zl = JOHNNY MACK and LITTLE MAOK, JOHNNY MACK and LITTLE MACK, JOHNNY MACK and LITTLE MACK; The capital double act Ethiopian Performers, and who wil appear in their Great Act of = The Nerve.” |. BOWERS AND J. MULLIGAN. x BOWERS AND J. MULLIGAS The former from Hoolay’s Opera Mouse. New York, one of the greatest Negro Deiiceaters of the Age; the other too well Knows to admit of any comment, The great Contortionist and Acrobat, LTBR WENTWORTH. WALTER WENTWORTH, WALTFB WENT WORTH. We point with pride to our Leviathan Combina- tien of Talent, an LET TRE PUBLIC JUDGE LET THE PUBLIC JUDGE our ability te give anentertainment worthy of encouragementy® READ the names! REMEMBER where they psrform! REFLECT upon their merits! RESOLVE to goand see them! THOMPEON AND KERNS, ¥, BOWERS. JOHN MULLIGAN, JOHNNY MACK, LITTLE 31AC, TART. JOBE Ty, WENTWORTH, 3. 8, CLARKE, LOUIS SZ0LLOSY, CHARLES COVELLI, MISS MAUDE BTANLBY., LAUBA LE CLAIRE, JULIA ROBINSON, ELLA WESNER, ADDIE BLAKE, JULIA AUGUFTA, MARY WEBNER, MARY GARD} MAGGIE VERNON, LIZZIE WESNER: and an Efficient Oerps of Auxiliaries whose names never appear on the bills, EVERYTHING NEW TO-NIGHT, Including aNew Pantomime.a New and Beauti- fal Ballets a New Parce, New Dances and Songs by THE GRAND CONSOLIDATION COMPANY of the Canterbury, comprising the most Charming Ladies and Talented Gentlemen io the profexsion. MATINER ON SATURDAY, MATIN ON SATURDAY, MATINER ON SATURDAY, When a portion of the Celebrate? MARINE BAND, MARINE BAND, MARINE BAND, will perform some of After playing at the Lev: their most popular music. In rebeartal, a great new piece, entitled THE BRIGAND’S OATH, THE BRIGAND’S OATH, THE BRIGAWD'S OATH, RIGAND’S OATH, Replete with TERRIFIC OOMBATS, STARTLING BYFECTS. BBW SCENERY, dc. Preduced under the direction of Josh Hart. Eben WASHINGTON, D. C.. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 1!, 1865. > OFFICIAL, The First Cerps—Notice te Veterans. Heapeuaerers First Uorrs, . Wasuineton, D.C., Dec. 27, 1864. Veterans desiring to enlist inthe lat Army Oorpe, should report in person at the office of Col. GO. F. Johnson, Soldiers’ Rest, Baitimore and Ohio Railroad Depot, Washington, D.C. Any Veteran who has served two years, has been honorably dicseharged, and is physically quslified, may enlist in the Corps for one, two or three years. i Those enlisting will receive from the Goy- ernment a bounty of #300 as soon as they are mustered in, and, in addition, the regular in- stalments from the Government, in proportion to the period of enlistment, as follows: $100 for one year’s service, one-third paidon enij Ment; £200 for two years’ service, one- enlistment; $300 for three years’ service, ohe- third on enlistment. They will be credited to the quota of the district in which they or their families may be domiciled and eu, therefore, be entitled to local bounties, ™ Free transportation will be furnished them to Washington by any Provost Marshal. The best arms in the possession of the Government will be furnished these troops, and they will be allowed to retain their arms when honorably discharged. Headqnarters Major General Hancock :—158 F street, between 19th and 20th streets. Office of the Board for the Examination ot Officers :—Brigadier General John R. Brooke, president 183 G street, between 19th and 20th streets. By order of Major General Hancock. FINLEY ANDERSON, dec 27.tf Assistant Adjutant General. AMUSEMENTS. GROVER’S FHEATER. Pennsylvania Avenue, near Willard’s Hotel, SIGNAL BUCORSS GREATEST DRAMA OF THE Day, GREATEST DRAMA OF THE Day, ONLY CORRECT EDITION, by Clifton W. Tayleure, with the MOST OHARMING. MOST VERSATILE, MOST POPULAR ACTRE8S, MISS LUCILLE WESTERN, in that character which she hb itieally iden- titted with herself in which > TUcaly iden _ _... SHE HAS NO EQUAL, and in which BHE CAN NEVER HAVE A SUPERIOR. The Manager wou'd state that i¢ knoirs this to be the original and omly genuine manuscript of the play entitled EAST LYNNE,OR THE ELOPEMENT, which is given THIS (WEDNESDAY) EVENING, Feb. 1, 1385, with, igs Lueille Western, as Lene Lady Teabel and Madame Vine, RATES OF ADMI88ION. Parquette, 50 cents; Dress Cirele, 75 cte . Orches- tra Chairs, $1; Private Boxes, $3; Family Circle, 28 cents ; Colored Gallery, 25 ce: Colored Boxes, with cushioned seats, 5) cents. No extra charge for securing seats in advanse, Doors @pen at 6°; o'clock, curtain will rise at 734 e’clock precisely. Box office open from 9a. m. to p. m., daily. Due notice will be given ofMiss Western’s first performance of GEMEA, THE HEBREW MOTHER, FORD'S NEW THEATER. Tenth atrest. above Penasyleania avenue 5 ESDAY) EVENING, Feb. ‘ THis (WEDN. ex B ppehs feb. 1, 1565, ‘CON t local D: titled th. of the great local Drawn: curios shen STREETS OF 1 ofthe the trative of Tilustra’ vow ERCHANTS, RK POVERTY. and RE 8C. & be found ¥ MOONLIGHT; #ROM BROOKLYN; a VISION SEREET, anda FIRE ON THE FIVE POINTS 3 . LAST NIGHT BUT ON TO-MORKOW sbtin wounest T . E OF i reat character 0! who will appear inne re The ever popnlar Comedian. Mr. J. 8, CLARKE, will appear on MON BAY, February G@Pae> SACRED CONEERT in Aid of the GERMAN RELIEF ASSOCIATION. SUNDAY, February 5. at WS THEATER. VE Mr. SER, B. MIL sic Pianist, has been engaged. as+isted by eminent Vocal Tai- ent, and a large Orchestra under the direction of Mr. Koppitz. Tickets... To be bad at the Music Btore o i corner of lith street and Penn. avenue. jansl* E OXFORD HALL OF MUSIC AND saad UPINACOTHECA, Ninth street, fronting on Pennsylvania avenne NEW STARS! INCREASED ATTRAOTION! THELARGEST COMPANY AND THELARGEST NUSIC HALL IN THE COUNTAY! ; th First Weew ik KATE PENNOYRR, MISS KATE PENNOYER, the best Ameriean Danseuse on the stage PENNOYER, MARZETTI and ANTONIO, PENNOYER, MARZETTI d ANTONIO, carat a mere Best Dance ra of the Day. First Wess OLE MAZORT ARNOLD, M’LLE MAZORI ARNOLDT, the ener Formed Woman inthe Worl, in her eauatiane TGHERTY, RA . meMeRTIMER, ee aM8, MILLIE CREED, ar Pariorricrs Anat ao EVERY EVENING, | in their Great Challenge Programme, IES’ MATINEE NEXT SATURDAY, aos, CURRAN & NORRIS, Pro ing erent EDITORIAL CURRESPONDENCE. —————— Maryland and Futare asa Free Sta’ The Character and habits ef the N Greatly improved already—The E: 8 , its soil, climate, b sources—Emancipation in Maryland i rapidly solving the greatest problem in- ported in Emancipation throughent the euth, IN THE CHOPTANE, Dorchester Vounty, Md., Jan 28, 1965. It was stated in my last thatthe freed ne- groes on the Eastern Shore of Maryland are laboring much more industriously than was anticipated by those surrounding them, who opposed their emancipation. I ray justly add that they are also laboring far more intelligent ly than before; the incentive of wages not only having increased their industry amazingly, but also their perceptive powers; or, rather, their disposition to use the latter to the advantage of theiremployers. I have negroes in my em- ployment (farm laborers,) who are worth quite a hundred per centum more to me new, than when I was paying their late owners—nort themselyes—their hire. 1 find, too, that I am net, as then, being constantly plandered. When slavery existed in Maryland it was taken for granted that nearly all the negross would steal, and that all would refuse to give any information they might possess relative to thefts of others of their class. This was a source of greatloss tothe Maryland farmer: Of much heavier loss than farmers in non- slaveholdipg communities experience from thefts. It is already piain that emancipation is curing this crying and shameful evil, which was but the natural result of an almost exciu- sive system of farm labor without wages; often on what a white laborer would conceive to be short allowance of food and clothing, and with the laws and the influence of society making it penal for the laborer (slaye) to attempt to acquire the knowledge and intelligence of the white man which caused the latter to consider thieving a crime. 1 venture to assert that, since the emancipation of the negroes of the Eastern Shore, thieving among them has won- derfwily decreased, though many thousands were suddenly turned neck and heels out of doors, and for the time being hardly knew where to procure @ mouthful of food. There gre & large number of originally free negroes in Dorchester county, to whose credit be it said, that they freely shared their pittance with those freed by the adoption of the new constitution. Of course all citizens who ap. proving the policy, voted for the measure, did their share also in preventing it from cre- ating momentary distress and embarrassments- So, after a week ora fortnight at most, from the day the new policy went into operatien, the epponents of emancipation ceased to talk of hordes of idle and ignorant negroes in their Midst, and, instead, began t@& bewali the fact that farm labor was about to become exceed- ingly scarce, as the able-bodied negroes were nearly all hiring out to cut wood, by se cord, They were offered $10 per woath to work on farms; and, by the wooed getters, from 75 cents to 81.10 per cord (seeding themselves) for cut- «ug wuvu. Uf course most of them embraced the latter offer; as cutting two cords per diem is but a fair day’s work there. This business of wood cutting (only prosecited in the win- ter) has long been one of great pecuniary im- portance to the Eastern Shore of Maryland Before the war firewood was worth there, hauled toa landing ready for shipment, from €2to £3 per cord. Now, the demand cannot be supplied at trom #4 to #5. The county ot Dor. chester alone, has received, perhaps, mil- lions of dollars in the aggrega'e for firewood shipped to Baltimore, Philadelphia, Wash- ington, New York and eleewhere, and there yet remains standing in its iimits millions of cords that must be cut before the county canever take its proper placeinMaryland’s approaching race of agricultural and mechanical progress. What I am here writing of Dorchester county holds good with reference to Somerset and Worcester coucties, situated lower down on the Eastern Snore peninsula. A super-abund- ance of fire wood easily accessible to water transportation, has greatly retarded their agri- cultural and mechanical development through- out the last thirty years, in which period the non-slaveholding States haye made such as- tonishing agricultural and mechanical pro- grees. 0, too, has their possession and the accessibility of vast quantities of valuable ship timber greatly interfered with the deyel- opment of their resources and facilities, which for agriculture and horticulture are unsur- passed on the North American continent. The landholders of “The Shore” haye found pur- chasers for their ship timbé® by the single tree at high rates, and as they generally knew little indeed cf the philosophy of progress as it has been developed by the necessities of seciety in regions of the United States less favored by nature, they contented themselwes with the proceeds of the saleof their tlre wood and timber, rather than to venture upon the (to them) unknown sea of agricultural and me- chanical improvement, which, besides, in- volved an immensity of real hard labor, to which their slaves were almost as little accus- tomed as themselyes. Nature—their magnifi- cent bays, rivers, navigable creeks, and for- ests—fed them im great part on the finest ATCHES, JEWELRY, &0. LARMOUR & Oo., Light street, Baltimore, in- vites the attention of purchasers to their choice stock of No. 1 WATCHES, DIAMOND JEWELRY, &c., BILVER WARE. PLATED WARE, OPERA GLASSES, SPECTACLES, TABLE CUTLERY Se ee ai tacel ired in the best man sand Jewelry repaired in thi - net by the best workmen and warranted, Jan 2-t/ ENDELL HOUSE LADIES’ AND GENTLEMEN'S DINING SALOON AND RESTAURANT, 495 Seventh Sraeer, KING & ENGLISH, Prorrizrons, Having refitted and renovated the House for- merly known as the “Hop Hestaurant,” we respectfully inform our friends and the publie thst we are now prepared to serye up all the celicacies of the season ina style that eannot fail to please the most fastidious. Oar nie LIQUORS and CIGARS are of the most choice brands. DINNER and SUPPER PARTIES served in the highest style of the art, either im the public sa- Joon or private apartments. ja3-eodim ns ABLE MILLINERY AND DRESS F ae OR ING ESTABLISHMENT, Mra Darley. late of Baltimore. would re- spectfally inform the Ladies of Washington aad Vicinity, that she has opened at her rooms, 514 7th tt, opposite Intelligencer Building, a Faucy Millinery and Dress Making Establishment, where she intends keeping constantly on hand the Latest and most Fashionable cuts and styler: alse, to man- ufsetore to order every de*cription of the latest ntroduced. Bonnets and Dress Pattern Paris, London, and New York. 4 ASH WEIGHTS 5 at mannfacturer’s prices, Also, all kinde of CASTINGS done with neatness and despatch, at WHITE & BROS., No. 25 Maine avenue. ja12-}m* near Armory Square. Isii AUTIRRE’S RESTAURANT. a. mewbers of Congress, and <tran- apes A residin, + thie city ‘for the win ry. and wish to be entertained. will find suites ef PRIVATE ROOMS alwaya ready for private Din- Der and Supper partioeat _ 0. GAUTIEW’S, de 27-1m 252 Pennsylvania avenue. A’ THE CHEAP GROCERY AND PRODUOB Store, 334 D t, just received splendid pew Buckwheat, fres itter, pure for fam- ily use, superior Oheese, Cranberries, &¢., £0., wa jeand retail, 334 D street, near 10th st , ope door east of it, ja 27-8t* ‘eyo am gare Ra as Pear Bers, Photogran! trations of Ohateaubriand Piale. e Bleepi Piney Get oe Photograph aan PRANOK TAYLOR, delicacies known—oysters, hard and soft crabs, all varieties of salt water fish and ducks, geese, &c., and the choice game of the American woods and flelds. The “damned Yankee” paid them thousands, tens and hundreds of thousands annually for the privilege of cutting their ship timber, and for their fire wood. Providence gave them a soil and climate in which more in the way of ce- reals, fruits and vegetables are producea with- out real hard labor than any where else throughout the United States with an equal amount of care and work. Slavery, in making manual labor a mark of social inferiority ameng them, has been an incentive to idleness, and, consequently, to popular ignorance. Living in great part upon Northern expendi- tures for their ferests’ fire wood and cereals: (for they sold nothing whatever except a few slayes to the South,) the existence of slayery among them caused ‘the damned Yankee” to be hated, as elsewhere in slavehoiding com- munities. So, too, have popular education and diversification of labor been generally frowned down there, as being but emanations of “damned Yankee”-ism. The current war is at length to a ccnsiderable extent epening the understanding of the people of the region of which 1 am writing te a proper realization o¢ their own and their State’s true interests and just affiliations; and the Eastern Shore of Maryland consequently offers a field for agri- cultural and other industrial enterprise such as is no where else within reach of all whoare seeking for such opportunities. Slavery in keeping the lands held in large bodies, and cultivated to but a@ tenth of their capability, and in repressing their improvement, has kept down their price at far less than their true value in hands that will cuitivate them gen- erally as they should be tilled, and will wisely avail themselves of the. numerous advantages incident to their location. All salt water lo. calities of the Eastern Shore of Maryland are as healthy 8 any other region of the Union. Upon the fresh water courses the ague and fever and musquitoes in- cident to nearly all undrained and un- cleared new lands of the United States pre- ‘wailinthe fajl. But wherever considerable tracts have been cleared up and drainedin such localities, there those pests have gradually dis. Star. — N°. 8,720. Sppesred; as in Indiana and Illinois. The lands bordering “Tne Shore’s” fresh water courses are held at very low prices—at from $5 to $20 per acre—and ninety out of every hun- dred such tracts will yield to Northern indus- try, skill and enterprise in the saleable fire wood and ship timber upon them as muchas their cost in fee simple and the expense of their proper drairage. It costs less to drain on *The Shere” than anywhere else within my know!l- edge; as there is no rock there, and the soil is light, in eome localities sandy, and in others a clay loam; all witha clay subsoil. I do not know a single farm in Dorchester county sita- ated than six miles from a river, bay or creek, Hot navigable for vessels freighting a hundred tons. Most of the county is within less than three miles of such waters, which pene- trate it inall directions; the land forming na: row peninsulas or necks between them. Thus in the lower part of Dorchester the sail canoe rather than the buggy or carriage is the family vehicle, hundreds of them being seen moored around their camp meetings in the fall, in place of the carriages and wagons of various descrip- tions one is accustomed to see bivouacked ground such gatheringselsewhere. Of the great advantages incident to the existence of such water courses there, I shall, however, write hereafter more at length than I might venture #0 near the conclusion of this letter. I desire now to point out the fact that emancipation in Maryland is already solving the gravest problem inyolyed in the policy of abol- ishing slavery throughout the Sonth. Every man in the loyal States who is opposed to it for a reasen other than his direct and palpable sympathy with the rebellion, is op- posed to it almost solely because feartul that the freed negroes will become a curse to the Jand—idle, vicious, worthless and expensive to society. In a single twelve-month all will know well that the freed negroes in Maryland are contributing vastly more to the wealth of the community than when in slayery. That no legislation or other interference of the State has been necessary tomakethem doro. That they are rapidly improving in honesty, handiners and intelligence, and may be relied on for the most part to do a fair day’s work for a tair day’s wages. They are already fast demonstrating that we may not properly deduce conclusions with reference to the character and capabilities of the American negro as a class, from experi- ence in emancipating the West India negro. The latter, when emancipated, was but one generation, or at most two, removed from the barbarism of Africa, and had learned little or nothing from immediate individual contact with the white race in large masses. The American negroes of to-day are all from six to ten generatiens removed trom their African progenitors. All of them know infinitely more than the mass of the freed West India negroes knew, (when emancipated,) by and through attrition against the white race in whose midst they are. They are not situated in a country where nature will supply their absolute wants absolutely without labor, as generally in the ‘West Indies; nor is property and business so held and conducted here us te make little or no competition for their labor; and that little at to- tally inadequate rates, when one takes into con- sideration the importance of stimulating their industry. The large estates of the South will necessarily divide into much smaller farms and plantations. Th’ white man emigrating thither will carry with him non-slaveholding- The terms on which he will get the lands, (though unconfiscated,) and the opportunities, and the fecundity of the soil will enable him to pay high wages for such labor as he requires to hire. The compe- tition for labor on comparatively small farms ang plantations growing out of the immense emigration thatis not long hence to ponr into the State methods and modes, Sonth will offer such inducements to the negro to be industrions, faithful and inoffensive as will make him eo, past peradventure, judging from the way he is conducting himself as a treedman at this time in Maryland. Because the war has paralyzed for the time being all organized industry where it has liberated the negrces at the South, preventing such northern emigration from setting in there and denying to the negroes a fair chance to labor quietly for Jair wages and under good treatment, is no rea- son whatever that he will not speedily avail himself of the altered condition of things that is soon to come to pass. « Whenever the white man can conduct plant- ing and farming operations as safely and quietly in Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama, as at this time in Maryland, the labor of those States will at once take adyan- tage of the new era, as it has done in this State, to the amazement of the opponents of emanci- paton here. This will come to pass gradually, commencing in Tennessee and working its way South as the authority of the Uniced States becomes £0 re-established over the States in rebellion as that tbe vurméil and insecurity of war will give place to the renewed dominion of peace with its pursuits, advantages and bleesings. The State may wisely keep its hands off the subject matter. It will be best for both white and black to be left solely to the influence of free-State institutions and to the immense competition for labor on small farms and in various other callings which are so marked in- cidents or features of the institutions and pur- suits of society in this country where slavery was long since abolished. W.D. Ww. Rebel Peace Commissioners. {From the Baltimore American | A report has been current on the street since Mondzy evening to the effect that the Richmond Sentinel announced the departure of three Peace Commissioners for Washington. The effect on the gold market was such that it rap- idly fellin all the principal cities. Up to this time we have no official confirmation of the rumor, though the assertion was varied yester- day by an equaliy positive announcement that the commissioners, consisting of the rebel Vice President Stephens, and Senators R. M. T. Hunter and mpbell, had arrived at City Point, and were expected at Annapolis. They &re not spoken of as commissioners represent- ing the rebel government, but as citizens repre- senting the peopie, on their way to Waahington to confer with President Lincoin on the subject of peace, precisely in the same capacity that Mr. Blair visited Richmond. ‘We have nothing positive in relation to the reliability of these rumors, except the following dispatch, received from our Annapolis corres- ondent : FSpecial Despatch to the Baltimore American.) ANNAPOLIS, Jan. 31, 12 m.—Ool. Taylor, of the 24 Maryland, who arrived here this morn- ing from City Point, says that on Sunday last Mesers Alex. H. Stephens, R. M. T. Hunter, and two others, whose names were not ascer- tained, requested permission to come within our lines near Fort Hell, but were refused by the picket officers until the return of General Grant, who was absent at the time. When Col. Taylor left City Point on Monday morn- ing nothing further was known on the subject, and he does not know whether they had ny allowed to enter up to that time. Yours, &e., Mac. A-second despatch from our correspondent, dated at 10 o’clock last night, states that no boat had, up that hour, arrived from Fortress Monroe or James river, and of course no peace commissioners had come. In connection with the report that Mr, Ste- phens is at the head of the expected peace eom- missioners, the follo paragraph from the Richmond Sentinel of Saturday has some sig- nificance: «It was a matter of pleasant remark yester- day that the President and Vice President had been engaged in along consultation on public affairs.” Movements ef Generai Grant. Forrress z, Jan. 30 —Lientenant Mowz0! General.Grant arrived here to-day on the gun- poat Rhode Island, frou Fort Fisher, NO wr CONGRESSIONAL. In THE SENATE yesterday after the ciore of our report— The resolutions authorizing retaliation upon rebel prisoners were taken up, amended so as tocontorm to the usages Of war @s practiced among civilized nations, and passed. In tue Hovee— The discussion of the Onnstitutional amend- ment abolishing sjavery was resumed. Mr. Kalbfleisch was op id to the preposi- tion, on the ground that all our national diif- culties were attributable toa disregard of the Constitution. Apart from the question of pwer, this was not the time to attempt an Amendment of the Constitution in the manner propesed. He denied tha: the resnit of the ‘residential election was in tavor of abolieh- ing slaveryeverywhere No such issue was made in New York Mr. Ashley demanded the previous question on the motion heretofore made by tbat gentie— man to reconsider the vote of last session by whic the amendment was lost for want of the reguisite two-thirds majority, T. Stiles moved that the motion to recon- sider be laid upon the table. ‘This was decided in the negative—yeas, 57; nays, 121. The question was then taken on the motion to reconsider, and it was decided in theafirm- ative—yeas, 112; nays, 57. Mr. Maliory raised the question that of two-thirds was requisite to reconsider; the Speaker overruled the point, saying aj) mgvone of this Kind were governed by the Tules Mr. Mallory suggested & postponement of the vote until to-morrow, saying that several gentiemen who desired to record their names Were absent. Let the time for taking the ques- tion be fixed, so that all could have fair warn - in fir See See it had been universally understood that the question was to be taken to-day. He had consented to the extension of the debate even against the protest of his friends. It came with a very bad grace to ask a@ postporement of the vote, considering the courtesy he had extended to the other side and ube fair notice given. Mr. Brown, of Wisconsin, teked the gentie- man to give way, in order that he might effera substitute. Mr. Ashley said he had one himself, which he preferred to the Seuate’s proposition, now before them. Mr. Eldridge —Why do yon not offer it? Mr. Ashiey.—Because I will not protract the proceedings. The question was then stated on the adop- tion of the following Senate joint resolatiwon, eubmitting to the legislatures of the several States a proposition to amend the Constitation of the United States: Be it resolved, by the Senate and House of Rep- resentalives of the United States of America, tm Congress assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses concurring,) That the following articles be pro- posed to the legislatures of the several States @s an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which ratified by three-fourths of said legisiaturs shall be valid, to allin- tents and purposes, as & partof the said Con- stitution, namely: _ ARTICLE X17. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary eervitude, except asa punishment for crime, whereo! the party shall have duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to en- force this article by appropriate legislation. There was much confusion throughout the proceedings, amid which the Clerk proceeded to call the roll on the passage of the joint reso- lution. The Speaker said, call my name as a member of this House. The name was according called, when the Speaker answered to the name of Schuyler Uol- fax, aye. Applause followed this response, as well as during other parts of the proceedings. The Speaker, calling to order, expressed the hepe that a better example would be set to pre- serve the decorum of the House. ‘Several members on the Democratic side said that those on the other were alike noisy as per- sons in the galleries. Mr. Canin: who had voted no on the quee- tion of reconsidering the vote by which the joint resvlution was heretofore lost, now voted aye;and Messrs. Radford and Steele, of New nom changed their votes in the same particu- jar. These changes gave rise to applause, which ‘was promptly suppressed. The utmost interest was manifested tnrongh- out the roll-call, and strict attention was paid by Many gentlemen to the response; for, on the previous vote to reconsider, two-thirds of the members present had not voted in the afirma- tive, but a large majority of the members pres- ent had carried that question. It was, there- fore, somewhat doubtful as te whether the pending joint resolution would be passed. Upon the announcement of the yote—yeas 119, nays 56,—the immenee throng in the gal- leries, and many on the floor joined ina deaf- ening shout of applause, ladies waved their handkerchiefs, members rushed from side to side ot the hall with congratulations, and the cheers again and again broke out intermingled with exclamations of ‘Hurrah for Freedom,” glery enough for one day,” &c After the tumnit had subsided the crowd hastily dis- persed, no one seeming to have any interest in other proceedings. The following is the vote by which the amendment was passed: Yras.—Alley, Allison, Ames, Anderson, Arnold Ashley, Baily, Baldwin of ‘Mi Baldwin of Mass,, Baxter, Beatan, Blaine, Blair, Blow. Bout- ¥ell, Boyd, Brandegee, Broomall, Brown of West Va..Clark A. W.,Olarke F , Cobb, Coffroth, Cole, Colfax, Creswell, Davis of Md.,’Davis of N.Y¥.. Dawes. Deming. Dixon, Donnelly, Driggs. Da- ckley, Elliot. English, Farnsworth, Frank, Garfield, Goceh. Grinne]l Griswold. Hale Higby Hooper, Hotchkiss, Hubbard of lows, Hubbard of Conn.. Hulburd, Hutchins, In- gersoll, Jenckes, Julian, Kasson, Kelley, Kellogg of Mich., Kellogg of N.¥., King. Knox, Little- johns Loan, Longyear, Marvin, McAllister, Me- ride, McClurg, McIndoe, Miller of N. ¥,, More- head, Morrill, Morris of N. Y.,Myers A., Myers L., Nelson, Norton, Odell, O'Neill of Penn's, Orth, Patterson, Perham, Pike. Pomeroy. Price. Radford, Bandall of Ky., Rice of Mags., Rice of Me. Kellins of N, H., Rollins of Mo., Sca enck, Be field, Shannon, Sloan. Smith, Smithers, Bpaldi Starr, Steele of N. Y., Stevens, Thayer. Thom: Tracy, Upson, Van Valkenburgh, Washburne o Il., Washburn of Mass,, Webste Whaley Wheeler, Williams, Wilder, Wilson, Windom. Woodbridge, Worthington, Yeaman—119, > Nays.—Allen James ©., Allen W. J. Ancona, Bliss, Brooks, Brown of Wis..Chanler, Glay, Qox, Cravers. Dawson, Denison, Eden, Edgerten, El~ éridge, Finck, Grider, Hal! Hardin Harrington, Harris of Md.. Rarris of Minois, Holmaa. John: ron ef Pa., Johnson of Obic, Kalbtieisch, Ker- nan, Knapp, baw, Long. Mallory , Miller of Py Morris of Ohio, Morrison, Noble Perileton, Perry, Pruyn, Randal! 5 ron, Rosa. Scott, Steele of N. J., Stiles, Strouse Btuart, Sweat. ‘Townsend, Wadsworth. Ward: White'C., A. White J. W’, Wintield, Wood B Wood F—56, pe aie FROM HILTON HEAD, 5S. C, The Advance on Charleston—Porter Rein- fercing Dahigren. New York, Jan. 31.—The steamer Eric: has arrived trom Hilton Head. ooh Her arriyal confirms the capture of Salxe- hatchie, the rebels skulking off on the adyance of our troops trom Pocotaligo. It is thought the rebels will make a stana at Ashepoco. A portion of Admiral Porter’s fleet has joined Adwiral Dabigren in Charleston harbor, Heavy fegs prevaiied at Port Royal. a The new gunboat Savannan has arrived ere. ie aestaat January 31.—On mo- jon of Hon. Reverdy Johnson. Hon. Edwar Stanley, of California, was admitted an to torney and counsellor of this court. On motion of Hon. T. J. D. Faller, John 1. Deavitt, Esq, of Vermont, was admitted an attorney and counsellor of this court. No. 374. Robt. W. Simpson, claimant of the steamer Florida, &c., appellant, vs. The Uni- ted States. Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. On motion of Mr. Ashton, Ae- sistant Attorney General, this appeal was docketed and dismissed. No. 117. The Levy Court of the county of Washington, piaintiff in error, vs. Thomas Woodward. The argument of this cause was continued by Mr. Bradley defendant in error, and concladed by Mr. Cox for the plaintiff in error. No. 118. John B. Murray, etal, plaintiff in error, vs. Richard P. Larner. This cause was rgued by Mr. Oarlisle for the plaintiff in er- Tor, and by Mr. Bradley for the defendant in error. No. 119. Andres Pice, appellant, ys. The United States. This cause was argued by Mr. Gillet for the appellants, and by Mr. Wills for the United States. Adjourned. EXCITMENT AMONG THE OANADIANS.—The St. Lawrenee river being trozen over, the citi- zens ot Kingston and Brockville, Canada, have become excited over apprehensions of raids from our Northern States, in retaliation for those ef the rebels from their province across the border. 1t is said that Justice the Montreal magistrate who set the St. Albans raiders at eee received from the Cana- dian Goyernor General the order suspending bim from duty as presiding officer of the Uourt in airy which ie atts made wating — it judicial conduct in that affair, 7 ORDER FOR THR RELEASE OF CoLowEL Nogtu.—The Was addressed on to Mr. William P. Wood, Old Capitol prison: ha toon by be: he was of War directs that he be mediately re! from confinement. Re- port ee receipt and execution of this order. Teepectialy i. TOWMUEND, Ac. @.