The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 25, 1933, Page 6

Page Six “America’s Only Working Class Daily Newspaper” FOUNDED 15% Published daily, except Sunday, by the Comprou. volishing Od, Inc., 50 East 13th Street, New York Telephone: ALgonquin 4. "Cable Address: “Daiwork,” New York, N. Y Washington Bureau Room $54, Nationa. Preas Building, 44th and F. St., Washington, D. C. Subscription Rates: By Mail: except Manhattan and Bron 1 $6.00 % months, $3.50; 3 months, $2.00 my vi MamSatian, Bronx, Foreign and Canada yen: $9.00 mionths, $5.00; 3 months $3.00. By, Carrier: Weekly, 18 cei monthly MONDAY, DECEMBER A Defeat for Fascism Thru ’- World Mass Action! ioe 4HE Fascist Court at Leipzig has been forced to ad- mit the innocence of the four Communist defend- nts, Dimitroff, Tor; Popo and Taneff. cism, in this frame-up attempt stification for its seizure of power, agery and murder against the ass, has met with defeat. We, the v s of the world, by the might of our mass protest, have forced the Nazis to beat a retreat. In this battle between Fascism and Comfunism, it is Communism which emerges victorious and with every frame-up charge against it blasted to pieces, While Fascism stands forth dripping with perjury and falsification, its hideous face indelibly marked with guilt. The trial was to have demonstrated the Communist guilt and the Nazi innocence. Instead, the Leipzig trial has proved befo: ie Whole world that the guilt 4s.upon the hands of the Fascists themselves. Nothing that the Nazis can do can erase the unmistakable evidence of their own guilt in the Reichstag fire. The Communist Party stands forth as the leader of the German masses, untainted by the slightest evidence of adventurism, absolutely innocent of the slightest acts of individual terrorism, as the organizer of the Struggles of the whole German working-class against the Fascist dictatorship and for the proletarian revo- ution. ir it would be dangerous folly, it would be a ne against the German working-class, and t the four heroic defenda: if it were thought wrung from the Fascist frame-up ower of the world mass pro- less probing of Dimitfoff, lessens moment the danger of a Fascist murder of ‘cic comrades. Let us not forget our comrades are still in the ands of the Fascist judges. And, in every accent of tke summing up speech of the Fascist Judge Buenger, om the capitalist press is at this mom- ng for his “fairness,” there beat the very Same hatred of the Communist defendants, the very Same slander of the Fascist prosecutor — that the Party of Germany is guilty of the Reich- , that all Communists in Germany are, by token of their Communism, guilty of and legally subject to torture and execu- Ver'gason” tion. With —“teir"_Fosoist. Judge cloaked the perjury of the Nazi Witnesses, cloaked the obvious guilt of the Nazis, and insolent disregard of all the evidence, the ‘Fepeated, almost in the identical language of the Nazi prosecutor, the charge that the Communist Party still Temains the guilty agent of the crime! * Fascist press openly calls for the lynching of the Communist defendants. On every side among the Nazis, is heard Goering’s maniacal threat against Dimitroff: “Wait till you get out of this court.” The Fascist terror grows. Every day German work~- ers are found murdered by the Storm Troopers. Every day, hundreds of the best German workers are herded into the foul concentration camps, where they meet torture and death. At this very moment, 34 German Communists, some of them mere youths, await the Nazi axe, doomed by the Nazi courts. Comrade Thaelmann, Communist leader of the German working-class, is still kept in the Nazi dun- geons, in torture and isolation. The Nazi beast still rages. Leipzig verdict has been hailed by the capitalist #. press and various liberals, not only as a yindica- Mion. of the defendants, but as a greater vindication of the Fascist court. The New York Times, for example, states with grim complacency: “We are not justified in saying that acquittal »-. of the four Communists was due to the pressure of »-public opinion outside of Germany. It was rather verdict of the German judges courageously living “up to the duties of their high office.” » ~-And Arthur Garfield Hays, who was a member of “Mie very same London Commission that proved the of the Fascists states: “In view of the present judgment, I am con- _w#rained to state that this court has been fair.” What is behind this? ¢The capitalist press thus is striving to throttle that y same mass protest that wrung the present verdict the Nazi court! It is fearful that the mass S of the masses against Fascism will rise to ghts dangerous to Fascism everywhere. It is fear- that the working class, now faced with the evidence its own mass power will carry too far the struggle nst Fascist reaction right here at home! It is fearful that this great victory of world mass “chap that the tremendously enhanced prestige of ‘the Communist Party of Germany, and the story of jee rf heroic leadership of the German working class “f the Fascist capitalist reaction will bring too to home the revolutionary lessons of the Reich- trial. are thus striving to knife the mass protest. world at the most critical moment! eae aia J ‘our mass actions, we have in this battle beaten the Fascists back. But we must not let our joy i our Comrades are still alive blind us to the danger in which our comrades are. Now our ™ust be redoubled, must rise to tremendous sights for the safe release of our comrades from a Jailers. By the same method that forced the admis- ‘dim of their innocence, we can wrest them com- ‘pletely from the hands of the Nazis! We must go to our fellow workers with the lesson 298 our first victory, we must offer them eagerly the of United Front struggle against Fascism. Into fe shops, into the unions, {nto the A. F. L. locals, @ Boclalist Party locals, to all haters of Fascism, Must go with the message of continued United Struggles for release of the Leipzig defendants! fe must show them that it is mass actions that a. forced the Leipzig “not guilty” verdict, and that y our continued, relentless United Front struggles Socialist workers, A. F, of L. workers, all united firm yerking ciess solidarity, can force the fas- to grent our comrades safe release, to the next stop! For the immediate _Telease of the Communist defendants) f tape MR Eas D.' tLY WORK IR, NEW YORK, MONDAY. DEC EMBER ah; The Phila delphia Shee $ strike of 20,000 se tt has united na general mized by the betrayal of this voted against cont: ong their jemand cc ing of nine mem- should be broadened out ch loca. In this opportunity of ex- g body. strikers shou be drawn into mass r nd appeals should be made directly by the strike committee to all the other transportation work- ers to join the strike. By this means, not only will the main demands of the strike be won—for the taxicab drivers—but all of the workers involved will be able to force higher wages, better conditions for their own union members. For this end, also, the strike demands should be enlarged, being drawn up and discussed by the rank and file in the locals. HERE is no doubt that the National Labor Board, and the leaders of the A. F. of L. in Washingtcn will take a more open hand in strikebreaking. All workers should be warned against their trickery. They will threaten the strikers, as Tobin of the teamsters has already done, with the “iliegality” of the strike. But united efforts of the workers can defeat these threats. All of the proposals of the A, F. of L, leaders, working with the very National Labor Board that has permitted the bosses to defeat the workers and has urged against the strike, show. , be rejected. The workers should make their own de- mands and stick to them, winning behind their de- mands all of the transportation workers. There is yet some confusion among the workers about the N.R.A. They make a division between the original purpose of the N.R.A. and the manner it is working out. The N.R.A. was intended to do just exactly what the Philadelphia transport workers are experiencing. The N.R.A. is lowering wages. It is worsening conditions. Then it acts to break the strikes, and tries to divide the workers when they act. With this clearly in mind, the workers can meet every move of the N.R.A. (and the A. F. of L. officials sup- porting it) and defeat it. T THE same time, the Communist Party and the Trade Union Unity League, as the most devoted fighters in the ranks of the workers have the greatest tasks and responsibilities, Our task is to lead in the fight against the be- trayals of the A. F. of L. leadership. We have the duty of helping forge a real united front of all workers around the issues of the strike. For this end, the whole Party must be aroused to action. Especially the units and sections can show their initiative by discussing how they can help the strike and then taking immediate action to spread the strike, to make it 100 per cent effective among the drivers. Now, in the very midst of the strike, the Party should ask itself: “Have we done all we might to meet the situation?” “Are we performing our Com- munist duty of being the most militant, energetic and most devoted fighters for the unity of the workers and for the victory of the strike?” Future leaflets in the strike should go beyond the first leaflet already issued. The Party should strive to overcome all tendencies to underestimate the readi- ness of the rank and file workers in the A. F. of L. to fight. This involves the question of our persistent work within the A. F. of L. We must see the militancy of these workers, know how to work with them, to form a united front and give them the decisive lead- ership which only the Communist Party can give, * * * \' erase! concentrating all our energies on making the present general truck drivers strike 100 per cent effective, we should raise the slogan of spreading the strike to all transportation workers (street cars, sub- ways, etc.), in our agitation, appealing particularly to all P.R.T. workers to spread the strike. This necessitates a detailed agitational campaign against the Mitten Plan and the company unfon, proposing concrete means of organization and struggles for these workers. The real test of how the Communist Party lives up to its leadership and respohsibility will be shown by its future action in this strike. The Philadelphia strike is a symptom of the rising strike wave. It is on @ higher level than past strikes because it refuses to be bound by the orders of the N.R.A. It has the advantage of a broad united front in support of one group of workers. It opens the way for a great and effective strike of all transportation workers, The workers are fighting. It is now up to the Party to increase its leadership and to throw all its forces behind the strike to defeat the betrayals of the A. F. of L, bureaucracy and the maneuverings of the In 1,500 Cities r 1,500 cities and towns in the United States the special Tenth Anniverséry Edition of the Daily Worker wili be read by workers and farmers, Coal miners aria steel workers in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana ard Illinois will read the Anniversary Edition of the Daily Worker and remember that for ten years this fighting organ of the working class has been the long-range gun of the exploited coal miners struggling against the operators as well as their under- cover men in ‘he ranks of labor. In the South, gathered in a sharecroppers’ cabin in Tallapoosa, Macon or Chambers county, in Alabama, Negro toilers on the land will read their “Daily” and get a new sense of strength in the knowledge of the continued existence and growth of this powerful in- strument in their hands. In the Middle and Far West, farmers burie¢ by debts and threatened with foreclosure and eviction, will read the Anniversary edition of the Daily Worker and clench their fists in determination to fight for the cancellation of all secured debts, to give greater battle to the leeches who rob them—the bankers, the railroad pirates and insurance Rpegpenicn: ne tr Anniversary Edition of the Daily will be a popular edition. It will be informative, interesting and— above all—it will exemplify the FIGHTING TRADI- TIONS and unswerving revolutionary character of the central organ of the Communist Party of the United States, A minimum 6% 250,000 copies of this Edition will be printed, according to present plans, This means that 200,000 copies must reach the hands of workers not now readers of the Daily Worker, In response to the challenge by the Daily Worker, the Chicago district has put in an order for 35,000 copies. Previously Detroit had ordered 30,000 copies and New York 100,000, But Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh have not yet responded. Effective distribution of this special Anniversary Edition—which will undouliedly be the best ever pub- lished—can be accomplished only by’ the most exten- sive mobilization of members of the Communist Party end mass organizations for Saturday and Sunday, January 6 and” “TWAS THE NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS ‘US Reserves ‘Right’, of Intervention at Montevideo Parley MONTEVIDEO, ‘Dec, 24—The sham and hypocrisy of the fine sounding resolutions adopted by the Pan- American Conference, now nearing the end of its labors, was dramatically reflected in the cynical statement of Alfonso Lopez of Colombia today that “there is no inconvenience in making declarations of this kind, because they do not obligate any one and do not modify the policy of any nation.” The conference today gave its final approval to the intervention resolu- tion, which includes repudiation of in- tervention, provides that recognition should be unconditional and irrevoc- able, and promised non-recognition of territory acquired by force. The res- olution was offered by the Cuban and Haitian delegates under pressure of the anti-imperialist sentiments of the toiling populations of these two coun- tries, which have been especially vic- timized by U.S. imperialism. Secretary of State Hull, head of the U.S. delega- tion, re-stated today that the U.S. ‘approved” the resolution only with reservations, AUS. proposal asking a general in- terpretation of the most favored na- tion clause, and aimed at British trade with Argentina and other South American countries under this clause, was referred to a sub-committee with- out discussion. Gen. O'Duffy to Be Tried by Free State DUBLIN, Dec, 24—A summons to appear béfore a military tribunal was served yesterday on Gen Xoin O'Duffy, leader of the fascist Irish Blue Shirts, who was freed by a Dublin court several days ago on charges of violating the Free State ban on the blue shirt uniform, FactoriesAre Complete | Worlds Forming Great System of Socialism This is the first of a series of articles by Vern Smith, Daily Worker Moscow correspondent, on the “Soviet Factory—Center of Socialist Life.” Tomorrow's ar- ticle will desrcibe the ultra-modern ball bearing plant in Moscow, “Sharik,” with its living and cul- tural facilities for workers, * 8 6 By VERN SMITH Dally Worker Moscow Correspondent MOSCOW, U. 8. 8S, R.—A factory, wherever you find it, is a unit in a modern social system, If that system is capitalist, your factory will in government reports, be part of the war department's imperi- alist reserves, will be represented on chambers of commerce, will be part of the whole scheme of exploitation, with a fringe of gunmen, bought judges, special police details, blue eagles in America, and perhaps with @ company town of shacks, or a few frills in the way of company unions, company “charity,” etc, In such a capitalist factory, the worker will be a fool if he thinks of it as his, or takes any pride in it, The worker is just driven through |: such @ factory to sheer him of profit for the employer; he has little to say about this social unit, he is a worker, and the unit is capitalist. Class war rages in such a factory, the worker uses his union as a weapon and quite eorrectly fights for | wages, not for production, When the Workers Own the =. Factories The whole situation alters once the capitalist 1s deprived of his con- trol: ‘Fhen the factory becomes one of the bricks in an edifice of social- ism, the worker in such a factory knows that he owns his share, not only of that factory, but of the whole socialis; commonwealth, | Such a worker nattirally seeks to group around his place of work all the other forms of the new society he is building, even as the capitalist at- tached to the capitalist factory all the appurtenances of exploitation. In the socialist factory the worker has @ direct interest in every gain j F.S.U. Convention in N. Y. Jan. 26-28) ' NEW YORK—The Friends of the Soviet Union, 799 Broadway, in a statement issued yesterday pointed out that the increasing activities of the enemies of the Soviet Union since recognition by the United States has made the coming con- vention of the F.S.U, in New York January 26, 27 and 28, of greater importance. ‘The organization also appeals to all readers of the Daily Worker to be sure their organization is rep- resented by delegates at the con- vention. Nazi Sterilization Courts to Be Ready for Action by Jan. 1 BERLIN, Dez. 24—So speedily is the Hitler government arranging to put into effect its latest “sterilization law,” that it is expected that 84 medical courts will be ready to designate the victims of the sterilization procedure by January 1, it was announced to- day by the Prussian Government. Over 400,000 German men and wo- men are expected to be seized by the German Nazis and subjected to the sterilization process. This sinister move, disguised as a measure of “medical eugenics” is di- rected mainly as a measure of terror against revolutionary German work- ers and Communists. Nothing could reveal this text more clearly than the fact that among the questions that the Nazis can ask a proposed victim to determine his ‘mental fitness” are questions directly related to the pres- ent political situation. The Nazi ex- aminers are empowered, for example, to question any one regarding his Chinese Red Army in Brilliant Victory Over Nanking Foe SHANGHAI, Dec, 24—Admission by Nanking officials of an important victory for the Chinese Red Army on the Fukien-Chekiang front was ac- companied today by announcement of the receipt by Nanking of 8,000 air- plane bombs from the United States for use against the Red Army and the troops of the Fukien secessionist re- gime. Nine Japanese warships are reported approaching the Fukien coast. During a fierce battle yesterday, the Red Army executed a brilliant man- euver, penetrating to the rear of the Nanking troops, threatening their supply lines, and forcing the retreat of the rumerically superior enemy on a wide front. Describes Ghastly sae ase of 6 Workers by Nazis | 7" COMMUNISTS DIED CHEERING WORLD REVOLUTION, DEFYING WORKERS’ FOES TO THE END ‘Wor kers’, Peasants’ ‘Deputies in Latvian ‘Parliament Jailed /Gov’t in Mass Arrests of Electors Denied Representation RIGA, Latvia (By Mail),—The six | deputies in the workers’ and peasants’ m in the Latvian Seim (par- nent) were arzested and held “for investigation” following the action of the Seim, on\Noy. 21, in voting to rip the whele workers - peasants ‘action of parliamentary immuniiy, and deny representation to 170,000 electors. Immediately after the vote, the six deputies were expelled from the Seim building and turned over to the po- lice, without even the formality of certifying the decision of the Seim to the proper authorities, The deputies, Gulbis, Ruhtyn, Matisson, Lapin, Bitte and Berg, met the fascist de- nm of the Seim with shouts of Down wiih fascist government! Long e@ the gcvernment of workers and sants!” and left the hall singing e “Internationale.” During the following days, the po- lice conducted mass arrests of all those who had “maintained contacts with the workers-peasants deputies.” The bourgeois press is now consid- ering how the Mex! candidate on the list of the workers’ and peasants’ fraction can be prevented from tak- ing their seats in parliament in place of the arrested deputies, while at the same time maintaining the “demo- cratic” forms. The Socialist leaders, which have taken part in various bourgeots coal- ition governments, supported the ar- rests behind the scenes, while pre- tending to defend the workers’ and peasants’ fraction in words, These leaders have rejected the slogan of the united front of struggle against the fascization of the Latvian state, ee ae NEW YORK.—An appeal was re- ceived in this country yesterday from the International Red Aid, urging fra In an effort to counterbalance the effect of the Red Army victory on the workers in the Nanking territories, whose sympathies are with the Chi- nese Soviet Republic and its heroic Red Army, the Nanking clique claimed an “important victory” against the Red Army on, another sector of the front. Martial law was tightened in Sha: ai in fear of a working class uprising in that city, which is only a few hun¢red miles distant from the Fukien-Chekiang front. Mass police raids on working class and student or- ganizations are being carried out. Results of the fighting between the Fukien 19th Route Army and the Nanking troops are not yet known, but Nanking scout planes report that a fierce battle is in progress, marked by many aerial engagements between Nanking and Fukien planes. of Germany.” Questions of history, politics, morals are permitted by the latest Prussian decree. This hideous act of terrorism opinions of the “present political State | against the German workers that his factory makes; there is no basis for war between boss and worker, manager and union. All these relations and many others are profoundly changed. Tf you want to study life under socialism, then study first of all its basic unit, the little world which is the factory. You will find it is quite a complete little world, too. Out on the southeastern edge of Moscow, lies one of its sections, dis- tricts, or boroughs: though here they call them “rayons,” which is named “Proletarian Rayon.” In this rayon are the huge A. M. O. automobile and truck works, some other fac- tories, and among them, “The First State Ball Bearing Factory—named after Kaganovich.” It is usually called just “Ball Bearing;” the Rus- sian word is “Sharikopodshipnik,” and that too is sometimes abbrevi- ated to “Sharik.” Now, it is this “Sharik” with its 13,000 workers and all their institu- tions and the relations between these institutions that I wish in this and several other articles to analyze as a sample of the basic unit of socialist production, and of the social system and way of life of the work- ers of the Soyiet Union. oman niente in Tenth Anniversary Edition, Jan, 6 “Sharik” is good for such analysis for sereval reasons: its size, its his- tory of, “making something where there was nothing before” which is the theme of many a Soviet indus- try, its key position In a basic line of production, and its battles, typical again, to fulfill a norm of production that floats constantly higher, For another thing, it is not an eid capi- talist factory adapted and renovated, but is completely Socialist construc- tion, a pure type of what the Soviet proletariat will do wherever and whenever it can, though it may have to work for a while in some other places with older, inherited equip- ment. The Sharikovodshinnik is the new thing, just like Magnitogorsk, Stalingrad, or Dnieproges or any other of the new industrial giants in the U. 8. S. R. It is new and full of hope, but its foundations are laid triumphantly over something old and horrible, above a history of slavery and death. This is no mere figure of speech. When they made the first excavations |” jor “Sharik” in, 1930, in what was then a despised section of town known as “Bitch’s Mudhole,” they dug up skeletons and chains, shack- les. Research among the records showed that in this evil swamp had The revolutionary workers of Germany, struggling against bloody fascism, have transmitted their greetings to the Daily Worker, central organ of the Communist Party of the United States, on its Tenth Annt- versary. Signed by Fritz Heckert, member of the Central Committee of the Communist: Party of Germany, the: greeting hails the Daily Worker in its struggle against the Roosevelt “New Deal,” spearhead of American fascism, The greeting in full, will appear in the special 24-page Tenth Anni- versary Edition of the Daily Worker on Jan. 6. The same issue will also contain stirring greetings from the Commu- nist Parties of China, Cuba, other countries. Philippine Islands, Great Britain, and Sixteen pages of the Anniversary Edition will be printed in supple- ment-magazine form to enable readers to preserve it for permanent reference, The Jan. 6th Edition, 250,000 copies of which will be printed, will contain a large number of vital, informative articles as well as outstanding cartoons by Robert Minor, Fred Ellis and Jacob Bure> Hard-B oiled Prison Official Shocked by Nazi Crimes COLOGNE, Germany—An_ unbe- lievably barbarous and brutal scene is descrived in a report of the execu- tion of the six workers in Cologne with a hand axe on November 30th, to the illegal German Red Aid (I1.L:.D.) sent by an official who was an eye~ witness. The report, describing the sadistic orgy of the drunken execu. tioners follows: “Late in the afternoon of November 29, it became known in the Klingel- putz prison that the order had arrived from Berlin to carry out the death sentence pronounced in July by the Cologne Court of Assizes, “Late that night, the condemned {men were told in the presence of the son director that the execution was | fixed for the next morning. The con~ demned men, especially Hammacher and Mortiz, protested vigorously against the carrying out of the sen- tence, and again declared their in- nocence, They again stated that they were the victims of perjury on the part of the Nazi witnesses, and that they had been the parties attacked, not the attackers, on February 24, 1933, and that both in the preliminary inquiry and at the final trial, the actual situation had been reversed in the testimony. Their protests were disregarded and the men urged to ac- cept the services of a chaplain, but all six, as convinced Communists, re- fused to do so. Nazis Decree Death by Hand Axe as Most German “On the spot in the courtyard where @ scaffold with gillotine was usually erected for executions, stood only a scaffold with block and bench, as the execution was to be carried out with the short hand axe. (In the country bordering the Rhine, where the code of Napoleon has hitherto been valid, death sentences have been carried out with the guillotine, even under Prus- sion rule, up to the time of the “na- tional revolution.” The Nazis have discarded the guillotine because of its “foreign origin” and its use in the great French revolution; the guillotine is “un-German,” and ‘executions all over Germany are with the hand axe immediate mass actions and protests against the fascist move of the Lat- vian bourgeoisie. The appéal points out that 800 political prisoners. are at present in the Latvian dungeons for no other reason than their work- ing-class activities. It states, in part: “The arrest of the fraction depu- ties is a link in the chain of the ever-increasing white terror in Lat- via, and was preceded by the in- troduction of a new penal code. According to this code prisoners may be put into heavy chains for a period of three years. For ‘in- corrigibles’ (that is, those who re- fuse to renounce their ploitical con- victions) this term can be length- ened. The new penal code further- more introduces compulsory labor for political prisoners. According tq the new laws, another ten years can be added to the terms of im- prisonment for every political pris- ener. Even the tsarist hangmen did not acquire the villainy of the Lat- vian legislators who make even 12- year-old children responsible before the law.” The Factory As A Socialist Unit in Soviet Union New Ball BearingShop or by hanging now.—Ed.) “On the same spot where these six political prisoners were beheaded to- day with the axe, the notorious mass murderer, Kurten, was beheaded with the guillotine in 1931, In this same courtyard, shortly after the war, I was, forced to be present at an Sercueeny with the guillotine—a double cmon tion of a man and a woman, But even this frightful event fails utterly into the background in comparison with the horrible scene which we were obliged to witness this morning. “While the death bell tolled, the condemned men were fettered and conducted down to the courtyard singly by prison officials, accompanied by especially strong guards of police constables and Storm Troopers. In the courtyard were the presiding judge and members of the Court of Assizes, the jury, and the prescribed 12 members of the municipality. The executioner and his assistants stood behind the scafforld. Besides this, a number of high officials were present, including some from the secret, police, physicians, clergymen of both creeds, and a special deputation of Storm Troopers. Policemen and Storm Troopers formed a line from the building to the scaffold, and from the scaffold to the table of the officials. Behind a table covered with black cloth, stood the public prosecutor and Replaces Ruins of Feudal Torture been a convict station on the long, long road to Siberia. Built on Ruins of Feudalism Then when they dug further for the foundations of Sharikopodshipnik they unearthed fragments of armor and the lines of old fortifications. Re- search again discovered that battles of the feudal period and of the time of Ivan the Terrible had been fought here, So we have sheer poetry to start with: the new Socialist construction rising on the ruins of slavery and feudalism. Also, within one year this new So- cialist unit performed an act of lib- eration; it freed the whole tractor and automobile industry of the Soviet Union from depedence on foreign (capitalist) ball bearings. » Ball bearings, it may be mentioned for the benefit of non-mechanical readers, are the arrangements by which the spindles of rapidly re- volving wheels in machinery are sup- ported on sets of little freely turning balls or rollers, Heavy loads and high speeds are quite impossible with- cut them. The ball bearing is made separately, and then placed into the machine where it is used. Extreme accuracy of size and durability are the chief necessities in a ball bear- ing. Sizes of certain parts of a ball bearing must be accurate to the tenth part of the width of a single hair, The auto fie tractor industries of the ee ion are Cpr Y idly: is year they 00,- - 000 ball bearings, and Sharikopod- shipnik will provide them, Next year they will need for these two indus- tries and for aviation and others, some 24,000,000 ball bearings, and “gharik” will furnish, those too, for it _is growing likewise. Last year, its first year of produc- patie were working in 1931, 16 pro i = duced 1,200,000 bearings. In the sec- juarter of 1933 alone, opSasiinnii wed Soviet industry 5a 2,237,000 gold rubles, or about half that many dollars at the value of the dollar before the Roosevelt in- flation. This money would formerly have gone as profits to foreign capi- | hesital the recorder, “The ‘prisoners’ heads had been shaved and their clothing laid back from their necks. They were led fet- tered to the table of the public pros- ecutor. The public prosecutor in a loud voice then read the verdict to them again, and then the order: ‘His Excellency, the Prussian Prime Min- ister Goering has decided not to make use of his right to pardon’. Drunken Executioners Miss Blows “The condemned men, who had ob= viously suffered severely from their imprisonment chains, and the strain of the trial, replied to the proclamas tion of the public prosecutor by give ing a cheer for the world revolution, But at once the executioner’s assiste ants sel the first of the: victims _ and dragged him to the scaffold, was scarcely strapped head was cut off by a 1 of the axe, ered with a and third 4 one blow in the same when the fourth victim was spectators were aroused frightful pitch of excitement inhuman spectacle. ° “As a result of this’ frightful stroke. “This mass execution of abate a eee eoet frightful ence we undergone . Sie vic have unten sa spite of the 40 million fon the new system, there many who do not know at stake. If the could have seen with how six of their brothers ally slaughtered in of November 1933, i to thetr be OS le al pave)