The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 15, 1933, Page 1

& dn Give a Fellow-Worker Your ‘ Is the Daily Worker on Sale at Copy of the ‘Daily’ When You Your Union Meeting? Your Are Thru With it. Discuss r Club Headquarters? the News With Him! b Central O (Section of the Communist International) ist Party U.S.A. WEATHER—Probably showers and warmer; southerly winds. Vol. X, No. 169 Po NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JULY 15, 1933 CITY EDITION ‘Price 3 Cents ot ter te rat zh ad 3 ks i 6 a- j “ | Greetings, Marine Workers! | °,PaysWithout Food, : * an (Fear Children Would | ‘ or ’ Student of Medicine SCALE ejects ACtLON Starve Drove Negro | Q e nity of : CONVENTION of marine workers is always important because of a | | 2.8, | a the strategic place of water transport in the economic scheme of Coll Week on Street ry | M oth er to Suicide ° ag things. Now, when the world is in transition to a new round of wars | SYRACUSE, N. Y., Jul: eae e NEW YORK.—Last Tuesd the: | 20, and revolutions, such a convention as that of the Marine Workers’ In- | Charles Rothschild. 23, ‘- Sia nN o o @ te 5) an police found the Stent at" Mary | OT ers ga ns | dustrial Union, opening tonight in Irving Plaza Hall, is of tremendous at the Universit of Sa ania | Thomas, Negro mother of five chil- &, significance, not only for the marine workers but for the whole working Medical School, < oe ae ii = ry ry | dren, lying on the street in front of | b class. ‘ spoglie n& lo~ her Harlem home, t ‘ cal hospital recovering from a col- | | The laconic: ent the blott t Workers on the ships and on the docks have seen their standards lapse suffered last ni | | e laconic entry on rag lotter g) of life beaten down to apalling levels under. the combined assaults of | nie of ood: BEVERY Deve nse \f | i eae house was: “Fell to Vv T 3! the government, the employers and their agents at the head of the re- | _ Rochschild was reared in an or- | fs ere ag BER & | Yesterday, through an investiga- | Parc aaa A ABA MINCE it a3 2 fi Sate man ik ied eT mek et tee nn | BERNE sisaeemsntoen, Fs. Prial Says Will Pay|/Unemployed inChicago| tion of the Harlem Unemployed | Unity of Workers to Force Recovery of Rights a! struggle, have not surrendered. sl | ie left college last month in ‘ ° ‘ ° * | Council, it was revealed that she | : eae ee * , action their determination to defeat the fierce hunger program of the | serch: of ees! and hitch+hiked ee ee aoe Demand Rescinding had leaped to her death from her | and Decent Working Conditions Main i employers. The fact that this convention is being held, with delegations ere from Buffalo, He had not ‘ami ie: rey nt poverty stricken home, driven hy- | : :. . from all important ports in the United States, is proof of this determina- | €aten for five days. od of All Cuts sterical by fear her children would | Objective of United Front Conference . tion. It is proof that the most advanced sections among the marine a NTE ONN YORK. — An an- tS = bi | 4 a BrERG ST Ae Ke CRUE tara: 5 p ie workers are not fooled by the hypocritical pleas to postpone action with Raita ge made yester-| Sy gap in Ro lly oouyen a rs aA SASS Se Re | NEW YORK.—Announcement of a trade union conference the expectation that the Roosevelt administration through its industrial be, : against the drastic retrenchment | of outstanding importance was made yesterday with the pub- »*, SOR Tere On et sobs etc Od aroma Laine Toc Seen day by Acting Comptroller) program adopted by the board of | | lication of the call signed by leading representatives of work- * * * Frank J. Prial that $1,500,000) Spo ns organized today. | | ana’ Geganigationdl of sary ite political affiliation 4 o ws 7 = idget calls f I | | ers is y e ° ' OW effectively to fight the Roosevelt “new deal” is one of the foremost will be on hand Monday to pay) {ne junior high school svatec: ang [ee re ee eS yah Coen eaeae da ania er tasks of the convention. all who are on the unemploy-| eliminates 1,400 jobs and cuts | | 9¢ held in Cleveland on August [° Every detail of this slave labor legislation should be laid bare before ment relief payrolls. Families $5,000,000 from the school budget. ALL OUT TODAY IN| ai a ei z a the marine workers. This involves not only an exposure of the tricks Bodine and-warlmeict ahead cate are | | |26 and 27 has as its main ob- of the government and the employers, but necessitates the unmasking of the traitors to labor at the head of the reformist unions who are helping to put over the industrial slavery act. But such exposure should be accompanied by most carefully con- sidered organizational measures, which will lead to the creation on every ship, on every dock of democratically elected rank and file committees of action to take the lead in beating back the bosses’ offensive. Such committees of action are the starting point in building the Marine Workers’ Industrial Union as the fighting union of the masses of marine workers. The strengthening of the militant opposition inside the re- formist unions should also receive most careful attention, with the aim of quickly achieving united action of all workers in the industry. * * * R more than two years, munitions and other war material have freely passed from American ports. Only sporadic attempts have been made to stop such shipments. This imposes a big responsibility upon the convention. The every day struggle against wage cuts, speed-up and the stagger system should also serve to rally the marine workers to resist actively the shipment of war material and the preparations for war. Special anti-war commit- tees, able to initiate special action on the docks, should be set up. The struggle against war and for the needs of the workers should go hand in hand. We are sure that workers who so effectively stopped shipments of arms and munitions from Seattle to the white-guardist Kolchak forces in 1919 can be depended on to take the proper action at their convention. Workers everywhere will greet the opening of this convention, and those in New York will carry greetings to the public meeting at Irving Plaza Hall tonight. “He Who Laughs Last” IE COMMUNIST PARTY published this week its Open Letter to 1 Party Members, in which the short-comings in the Party’s work were fearlessly recognized and analyzed before the eys of the workers, and in which the steps by which they will be overcome were carefully detailed. Naturally, the capitalist press, the press of the class which never dares to make open self-criticism, is now gloatingly announcing that “the Communists admit their failure.” The capitalist newspaper hacks can read the English language, but they seldom understand the meaning of what they read. Neither do they N.Y. TONIGHT Baltimore, Norfolk, Phila. Delegates Arrive Today 4 CHINESE DELEGATES Longshoremen Also Are Sending Their Representatives NEW YORK.—The Second Na- tional Convention of the Marine Workérs Industrial Union will open with a banquet to the delegates to- night at Manhattan Lyceum, 66 East Fourth Street at 8 p.m. sharp. Earl Browder, Secretary of the Communist Party, Jack Stachel of the Trade Union Unity League, and Ben Gold will be a few of the speakers who will greet the dele- gates and hundreds of other are expected to register their support with the Marine Union. Delegates arriving from the vari- ous ports are reporting the in- creased militancy of the marine workers, The National Office yes- |terday was advised that a large group of Negro longshoremen, who | were formerly affiliated with the I. L. A., have sent a delegate. The Union has no contact with this port and the longshoremen learned of |the convention through seamen on ships which called at the port. go to their respective offices and demand to be paid in full Monday morning. The request for an immediate} special session of Legislature voted by the Board of Estimate will be denied it is reported from Albany. So far city Officials have shifted blame on the state and the governor in turn blames the city. Between the political bickerings of the Tammany politi- cians—state and city—a million peo- ple remain without assurance of aid. Governor Lehman uses the excuse that it would cost $75,000 to convene @ special session for one week. Unemployed workers without relief are not remaining silent. Fifty workers, led by the Down- town Unemployed Council, told by the Home Relief Bureau at Spring and/ Elizabeth Streets that it had received no instructions to issue relief as) Mayor O’Brien had promised, sat on! the floor of Commissioner of Public | Welfare Taylor’s office until he ar- rived and forced him to admit the mayor had lied. Four hundred cases of needy fami- lies were presented both at the Re-| lief Bureau and at the City Hall be-/ fore the workers went to the commis- sioner's office. A delegation of workers from Har- lem were promised by Taylor that | “relief would be given.” The lower West Side Unemployed | Council presented nine cases with the } demand that rent be paid. The Home | Relief Bureau paid the rent for all these families living at 190, 192 and | 1 Bleecker St. Similar actions in| every part of the city will force ac- | tions from the officials. No Pay. ‘The 75,000 employed on Work Bu- reau jobs remain unpaid. In the mag- CHICAGO, Ill, July 14—A city- wide hunger march, called by the| Federation of Unemployed organiza- tions of Cook County, will take place on July 26 to fight against the con- tinuous slashes in relief in the past| few months. The Unemployed Coun-} cils, which have initiated the move-| ment, point to the fact that since March relief has been cut five times, besides the reduction suffered as a result of inflation with a consequent | rise in prices, In the beginning of | this month a 10 to 20 per cent cut| in grocery orders was made. SECRETLY. AGREE ON CLOAK CODE I.L.G.W. Union Heads Accept Bosses’ Plan of Piece Work TO CALL FAKE STRIKE Daily Freiheit Exposes) Meeting Behind Closed Doors | NEW YORK.—An agreement has | been concluded behind closed doors) choose. between the International Garment Workers’ Ladies’ | PROTEST AGAINST OPENS TODAY soviers ENEMEs Hundreds Elected As Delegates to the Conference PLAN SIX-POINT AGENDA at Avenue A. and 7th Street NEW YORK.—The workers of New York, at the call of the Friends jof the Soviet Union, will demon- |strate in protest against White Guards, Fascists, and all enemies jof the Soviet Unjon. The demon- |stration will start at 1 p. m, at the Unions Conference opens | Avenue A and 7th St., will continue today at 1 o’clock in the after- |" # parade through the East Side, noon at Webster Hall, 11th St,|and end up again at the starting near Third Avenue. pooner. A. F. of L.. Trade Union| While the Soviet Government, be- Unity League, independent unions, as|cause of its consistent peace policies well as fraternal organizations, are|is gaining more and more the con- | sending delegates in response to the|fidence and support of the workers | call issued by the Provisional Com-|in capitalist countries, thus forcing | mittee of the A. F. of L,, T. U. U. L.|their governments to..sign non-ag- To Map Struggle for Right to Strike NEW YORK.—The Defend |and independent unions to take up/8ression pacts with the Soviet Un- f the defense of the/ion, the White Guards are intensi- ba Waited i |fying their vicious attacks on the | Soviet government. Hundreds of delegates have been} elected by local unions, shops and| The mass demonstration and par- fraternal organizations. The prob-|ade will be the answer of the work- lems to be taken up at this confer-|ers in New Yor!: to these war pro- | ence are embodied in the following points. | 1. The defense of the trade unions) The Harlem Branch, F. S. U. is as fighting organizations of labor. eee yee ae ne ae 9 in ariem for a prel inary protest Pete do are deganieaton: thee demonstration at 13ist St. and Len- . | ox Ave. From there they will march |down in a body to 7th St. and Ave. For the defense of the fur), The Red Front, Band will lead vocations against the Soviet Union. | 3. Demonstrate at 1 p.m.,) |jective the task of uniting all workers and their organiza- tions regardless of political af- | filiation who are ready to rally jaround a real program against Roosevelt-Wall Street policies. A series of demands to be con- |sidered at the conference have been drawn up. To achieve its purpose, this his- |toric ‘call which aims to bring Jabout a real fighting! unity of the workers for the preservation and |recovery of their rights and condi- tions, must reach hundreds of |thousands of workers throughout the | country. | (The call in full, including full | demands to be taken up at the conference, are printed in page 3 of today’s “Daily Worker.” STRIKE TAX BUT NO STRUGGLE, IS ILGW HEADS’ PLAN Cloak Left Wing Shop Chairmen Barred from Meeting NEW YORK.—A tax of $1 a day for a strike in the cloak industry, |but no concrete action for a real |strike to enforce the cloakmakers’ overwhelmigg referendum for week work—this was the measure jammed through Thursday night at Beeth- oven Hall on 5th Street, at a packed meeting of shop chairmen carefully f verb: “1 | . Union officials| workers against the attacks of the|+;; “ selected by the reactionary officials pata AE Oe ae! O10 Dever ae ip eure leet Aeuane | The Baltimore, Philadelphia and eee oe Cea ane ae and the cloak and suit manufactur- oases pales! ACF. of Land iat Wha cranes ee aaa of the International Ladies Garment Two years ago the Party had 8,000 members; today tt has more than | Sy "oun (elegates, numbering over was forthcoming today. Mr. Cohen, | Simo wien sone te. Wont agin | Socialist lenders. cists. All shop chairmen who were 20,000. Its influence is penetrating all sections of the country; it leads | °°? Will arrive this afternoon. In-| paymaster, informed the workers at! workers as proposed by the manu-|, 4 To oust the racketeers from the |known as favoring week-work in hundreds of struggles. eae ormne these seleeates will the chiet magistrates otic, 300 ml facturers’ code, it was revealed yes-| de unions. | | opposition to the attempt of Dubin- * ® . L.A. igshore- try St., that ere is no money ant thei vis .| 5. Against the use of police and eee i sky id Nagel to get a vote for ee Ye Oe He eee Wi Ts. Wie Tue. Open Leber “emiphstioally | mat. One ef the main points of the|nrobably Sayment will be made! creme re Sretnelt, Jewish were | a eee a ee acmocrey ta the NOTICE iodo gece a ar. declares that the Party has not succeeded in responding to the favor- able situation for growth of the revolutionary movement; that the Party must make a decisive turn to root itself in the broad masses. Can it do so? The Open Letter is the best proof that it can; and it shows why, and how the most devastating crisis of history, and the inability of the ruling class to find a “peaceful” way out, furnish the soil on which in- ey tably grows the revolutionary movement. ment, the mass actions of the unemployed, of the ruined farmers, the The surging strike move- | convention will be working out a sell-out agreement when the pres- ent agreement expires in Septem- ber, Four Chinese delegates will be | present, and’ a number of delegates |from foreign ships now in port. The convention will last four program of action to defeat another | “sometime next week.” At the same time they were informed that effec- tive Monday, the pay rate will be $4_ a day for 10 days a month instead | of the $4.50 heretofore, Mayor O’Brien announced a public | works plan approved by the Board | (CONTINUED ON PAGE !'wo; | ment are piece work for all workers ers’ paper, from sources known to be authentic, Among the conditions of the agree- except cutters, sample makers and examiners; a 40-hour week; salaries ranging from $14 a week for ship-| ping clerks and 45 cents an hour for| finishers to 75 cents an hour for| coat and jacket operators are to be) trade unions. | 6. For militan: struggle in defense of the interests of the employed and unemployed workers | “S9S9-F 1LEUAITEAA ‘oun Aue 4B ‘qTVo qo “9$ peord OFT 7 worUQ [ey “SNPUY SI9YIOM SULIT, Oy} UT yono} uy 403 Ajazerpeurmy pynoys Syq3m May JO} Seperuoo uw | dn ynd uvo oym siayIOM [TY “ST Ame ‘Aepanyes SZuyuuygeq pepoau 2q ITA Suoepoururos9y “u0}}UaA -WOD 53} 04 SazeSayap UMO0}-Jo-7n0 | ARREST NEGRO LAUNDRY STRIKER | NEW YORK.—Robert Mitchell, Ne-| gro member of the International La- piece work, were excluded from the meeting. Even Kaplan, left wing |member of the executive committee jof the IL.G.W.U., was denied ad- mittance. Only those with special | blue cards, given out by the right |wing officials, were admitted. Police Patrol Neighborhood. | Police patrolled 5th Street and First and Second Avenues to make ; FORCE SALVATION ARMY TO 4 ; 4 é mational La-' jo aquinu aazey & 10j suonepomt | |cure that no workers who did not stirrings among ths petty bourgeoisie—all these signs are discussed and | days, and the delegates will have REMAIN OPEN once cuer® are, to cTecelve91| bot ‘Detense,. was arrest ie erGaY | |-moooe Sudaas amoas nut uoyuq | |/have Dubinsky’s blue cards got near their significance analyzed in the Open Letter. the task of working out a program | NEW YORK.—Action by the East!“ 1 wac also revealed that the work-| coe while active in the laundry! |ieaysmpuy s12410M ue ayZ, | |Becthoven Hall while the meeting * * * of action around which the mass of |Side Unemployed Council forced the ‘was also revealed that the work- ; a a ———— |took place. Truckdrivers specially yc Open Letter is no admission of defeat. It is a weapon of struggle. Unlike the bourgeois and social-democratic parties, we carefully point to our weakest spots, in order to eradicate them. This estimate, in which is concentrated the revolutionary determination of the Party, is not a portent of failure; it is a portent of greater, better aimed struggles, lead- ing toward victory. .The task before the Party at this moment is to heighten each mem- ber's consciousness of the difficulties before him and the means to over- core them, through earnest discussion of the letter in the sections, in the units, in the fractions, applying its analysis to the concrete struggles in v.hich they are engaged. marine workers can be mobilized to defeat the starvation program of the shipowners, Also, one of the main points on the agenda will be the struggle against imperialist war. Salvation Army Canteen at 30 East 29th Street to remain open after the officials there had announced they would close permanently, forc- ing the 200 women receiving its relief to go to the city camps or walk the streets. “He Didn’t Ask For More”, ers will be maneuvered into accept-| ing the agreement through the call-| ing of a few days’ stoppage in the} industry by the International offi-| cials. The stoppage is to be called) a “genera! strike.” The public an- | nouncements of President Dubinsky) of the I. L. G. W. U., in which he| pretends opposition to the minimum | ‘wage scales, are looked upon as only} part of the trickery by which his| officials and the manufacturers plan to coe the code they have worked out. Copkin Paid $5 a Hole for Golf, $3 a Week to Workers CHICAGO, Ill. — It isn’t the ployees. money, with Benjamin Sopkin, it’s Before the strike, hundreds of the principle of the thing. Sopkin,| girls were ‘working 54 hours for mobilized by Dubinsky’s clique were given these blue cards and packed | the hall to give the meeting the jappearance of a mass gathering. | Cooper, however, manager of local 9 of the I.L.G.W.U. finally got into |the hal, and forced the chairman to |sive him the floor to present the |militant program of the LL.G.W.U. |for a real strike for week work. Cooper pointed out that while the overwhelming referendum forced the |right wing officials to pretend to be So Vet Starved to Death faced by a strike of 1,600 Negro|Sopkin for $2 and $3 a week. for week work, they were at the “Socialist” Blessi A “Socialist ssing 1 pees ‘THOMAS, leader of the Socialist Party, came down Thursday to hear the Board of Estimate deliberate on the relief situation, while & million people are going hungry without any visible prospect of help. What did the Board of Estimate decide? It decided: To accept no responsibility for the situation. To ask 2 special session of the state legislature for the purpose f doubling the state sales tax, and of taxing the transfer of stocks and bonds. > To ignore the demand to endorse the Workers’ Unemployment Insurance Bill, What did Norman Thomas say to that? He said: “I have been advocating an appeal to the Legislature since March, 1980. I am always glad to see the Board of Estimate move so close to a Socialist position.” ‘Whose interests does Norman Thomas serve with this “socialist” bles- sing? In approving the action of the Board of Estiiél!g: Thomas approves the criminal irresponsibility of the Tammi, ; he approves the plan to double the-tax on what the workers buy; he pre- tends that this action is a socialist action. In the face of this situation, the workers of New York must reject Norman Thomas’ servile endorsement. They must realize that neither New York nor Albany wil! do anything for them unless mass pressure forces them to act. The workers must broaden and intensify the struggles around the Home Relief Bureaus. They musi prepare to exert the same pressure on the state legislature that they are excrting on the Board of Estimate end the Board of Aldermen. Thy must place the demand for unemployment insurance at the expense of the government and employers in the forefront with their demands for immediate relief. « OMAHA, Neb.—‘He didn’t ask for more!” This was the excuse given by tHe head of the county relief commit- tee, when Edward Fritsche, unem- ployed Spanish-American War vet- eran, died of starvation. Fritsche, with a 13-year-old daughter and a sick wife, got $1.50 a week in gro- ceries every three weeks, “He didn’t ask for more!” The Workers’ Unemployed Coun- cil took the story of Fritsche’s death to the thousands of unem- ployed Omaha workers facing a similar fate on the county starva- tion ration. The county relief com- mittee became alarmed, A mass fu- neral marched\!/through Omaha’s streets, exposing the fact that men and women were starving while the county commissioners had sufficient funds to pay all relief bills. The county relief committee hastened to clear itself of responsibility for Fritsche’s death, Mrs. Monsky, head of the committee, said: “He didn’t ask for more.” The Workers’ Unemployed Coun- According to the plan, after the} calling of the “strike,” a Recovery (Slavery) Act mediator will be sent) in. With the code settled the union| Officials will announce that the work-| cil began preparations for a State Hunger March; called a statewide and white workers in his sweat shop |dress factory, fought back with|ant manner, drives around in aj every weapon he could use to pre- vent the workers getting a few | Sopkin, short, dark, with a pleas-|yery moment permitting workers to erate on winter garments on a |piece work basis, thus undermining the strength of a strike for week |custom-built Lincoln that cost him $7,000, He likes plenty of room, so conference for unemployed relief July 23; redoubled its efforts to or- ganize the unemployed. The city was stirred. The day after the funeral the papers told about another unemployed worker who dropped’*in the street. He hadn’t eaten for five days. He was taken to a hospital. The Workers Unemployed Council began forming new branches, Churches invited the WUC leaders to address them on ers cannot fight the government and will then attempt to force the cloak- makers to accept the slavery condi- tions. Another possibility is that the Recovery administrator will prom’se to “adjust” matters and the sirike will thus be betrayed. News Flash |more nickels a day wages and some | amelioration of the intolerable con- | ditions in his shop. He was forced |to pay move, and he’s paying more. If he could have beaten the work- Jers out of their pay incrcase alto- | gether, he’d have done it. He tried ‘hard enough — with cops’ clubs, strikebreaking thugs, the organized jstreagth of all the cnployers in | Chicago, the newspapers, and the | when he goes away for the summer jhe takes a suite that is intended | for four persons, and pays double |rates for himself and his wife, say about $100 a w -li’s a jovial |erowd at the Barron Hotel, South | with his patronage, Golf, poker—at Haven, Mich, which Sopkin favors $10 a card—and they say Sopkin is \a good loser. | Sopkin knows what's what in | ready assistance of Oscar DePriest,| food. Here is a sample Sunday din- work even before it begins. Must Be Tax for a Real Strike ‘zc opposition, Cooper pointed cut, is not opposed to a strike tax. But it must be a tax for a real strike, and should not be collected from workers now operating on win- ter garments, while a strike to en- force weel: work has not yet been called. Cooper proposed a $25,000 loan now to finance the strike, with a tax of $1 a day AFTER the strike, for a period of two weeks, on the the situation; liberal and civic or- ganizations suddenly realized. men | were starving to death in Omaha. | Fritsche, singlehanded, weaken-| Fascist Kill wealthy Negro reformist Congr man, who stabbed the strikers the back. But Sopkin doesn’t mind separat- in} jmer at the Sopkinses: basis of the gains made by the Pate de foie gras, chicken broth,| workers. He also put forward the artichokes, roast chicken with truf-|demand for rank and file participas |fle dressing, potato souffle, endive |tion in the strike, with shop chaire ed by months of semi-starvation and rapidly dying of hunger, couldn’t get more food—and died. Turned away many times, like hun- dreds of others, he “didn’t ask for more.” But the unemployed work- ers of Omaha, organized and led by the Workers Unemployed Council, are asking for more—demanding it. And hundreds of workers that were | refused relief before have been given grocery orders, L. I. Worker ASTORIA, L. I. — One Italian worker was killed and at least three others wounded when Khaki Shirts of Philadelphia opened fire on anti- faceist workers at Columbus Hall, | Hoyt Avenue and 3ist Street, here | last night, at 11:15, | salad and ice cream. Add up the dinner check, for Ben- jamin Sopkin and his wife, his son and two grandchildren, and include ing himself from money—but not to workers. He’s a free spender, an easy giver-up, a good fellow—when he’s not fighting tooth and nail to keep his payroll a few notches|the special dining room for the below starvation level. children, the special waitress and A. $5 bill is Sopkin’s smallest) governess to see that the young change. He uses it for tips. He) Sopkins learn their table manners, plays golf at $5 a hole, He boasts/and the tips to the orchestra, and that he never paid less than $5/the total would meet the pay checks for anything he bought. And never | of perhaps 50 of Sopkin’s exploited took change. Except from his em-| workers for a week. “DEFEND THE UNIONS” CONFERENCE OPENS 1 P.M. TODAY, WEBSTER HA |man on the strike committees, who |were to meet once a week, and with |mass meetings of all workers twice {a week. | All these proposals were rejected |by the packed meeting of the blue ane shop chairmen and_ trucke drivers. They also rejected Coops jer's proposal to strengthen the un- ‘ion membership, on the eve of # {strike, by readmitiing the thousands lof unemployed workers who were |six months to a year in arrears on ‘dues, on the payment of $5.35, is