The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 14, 1933, Page 4

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: ix months, $3.50; 3 months, $2; 1 month, Ta, New York City. Foreign and Published by the Comprodaily Publishing Co., Inc., daily except Sunday, at 50 Fe sth St., New York City, N.Y. Telephone ALgonquin 4-7936. Cable “DAIWORK.” Address and mail checks to the Daily Worker, 50 E. 13th St., New York, N. ¥. & Page Your Dail Sy Mail everywhere: One year, $6; excepting Borough of Manhattan and Bronx, fi : orker’ a settee te Reporting the Struggles of Labor Thruout the U.S. By LABOR RESEARCH ASS'N ERE the importance Worker in v struggles of have examined the national the Daily for on tober and found, during this ports on a total of 6 these, five w as those of tl other 63 were more than half of them i York district, a of cloth: niture, metal and bi ‘These figures do not, clude the reports on other forms of struggle involved .in local hunger demonstrations But these tota ceverage do not ¢ idea of the character a: of the reporting on strikes and struggles ustrate from the y taking just five typical exa that show the indispensability the Daily in the major campaigns and struggles of the year. The re- porting of these events was made ‘possible in part by the loyalty and competence of the local wor! sorrespondents. WENTUCKY STRIKE. A front page streamer Daily announced the strike in Har- jan and Bell counties, Kentucky, dan. 1, 1932, For two months there- after the strike was featured. Every angle was covered—conditions of miners and their families, relation of the mine operators to the local Officials, the arrests, jailings, trials, trame-ups and general terror and xdllings by operators’ agents. Es- pecially did the Daily concentrate sts reporting on the big job of rais- ing and delivering relief. ‘The Daily labored under the most extreme difficulties in getting it; reports through. Vern Smith, its correspondent, and eight others were arrested, January 4, charged with “criminal syndicalism”, and | lodged in the county jail at Pine- ville. Yet the Daily managed to | give uninterrupted reports of events | even when, as happened on Jan. 24, the miner who was smuggling out the dispatches had to go to a city 50 miles away beca gun thugs him” at the Pi fice from wh: ally sent 'HE DAILY’S effectiveness was seen i Bell Count handed Vi me time, the ted Press Co! seciion was Hern- ner mine o ry who was one of the mob which beat up the Waldo Frank, and Allen Taub, attorney of the In- ternational Labor Defense The Labor Research Assoc hhas prepared an exhaust lysis of the reporting done in © strike, which exposes the ut prejudiced and distorted accow appearing in the “reputabli Es Times and » Herald-Tribune. The need for the Daily was never more clearly illustrated than d ing this strike. The Daily Worker was that don Evan: the only Letters from Our Readers ASKS ABOUT COMRADE FOSTER’S HEALTH | v York, N. Y. Worker Editor of the Da ‘Dear Comrade Ever since the announcement of Foster, fol- the illness of Comrade lowed several days late to the slan of Party, there has be Comrade Foster's tion. who are con inquiring about Comrade Fo: health. Being as equally in the dark on this matter as those who asked me, I have not been able to give any information. Can it be that the bourg More concerned with its leaders than we are? When some leader of the boss class takes ill y health bulletin: blasted the news) Unfortuna our Daily Worker dors no’! 0 | taink + the W ap- | port our Party ously concerned with or of one of its outstandin eadiers, need be keut informed yy I suggest that at least a weekly health bulletin should be Prominently displayed in the revo- lutionary press containing a sum- mary of the progress or lack of progress of Comrade Foster’s re- covery. I genuinely wish for Com- rade Foster’s speedy recovery and | that he speedily returns to his leading role in the revolutionary movement We agree absolutely t more frequent news on Comrade Foster should appear in the Daily Worker. The last statement on Comrads Foster's health eppeated on the | first page of the Deily Worker, is- | sue of Feb. 3.—Edltor’s Note. DBJECTS TO CAPTION, “LOOKS LIKE A BOSS” | New York City. Worker, Hditor of Dail; to find the Dails resorting to such a petty caption as “Looks Like a Boss,’ over a picture of Norman Thomas in one of its recent issues Why wasn't “Betrayer of Work “ts,” “Bosses’ Friend,” “Boss Pup- rat,” “Work Themy,” or any , y States ed the % United RIVER STRIKE. be e Te ported in the Daily the following day Reports on the tinued until it ended or ATIONAL ER MARCH. Daily gave magnificent sup- » the national hunger march to Washington. As early Oc- ir a map show- routes to be taken umns of the march. hen on came day-to-day re- preparations and pro- gress of the ma and, on No- vember 4 and 5, ps of the routes idual columns were to take. i , on the other and mis- resented the marchers and their Doses, ut reported only the tions” such as “clashes with indi the police”, and the propaganda of the government and its officials who wi attempting to prevent the From November 15, the y the Daily reported the start of column No. 1, it gave daily and adequate factual descriptions of the whole movement. Still more important, the Daily smashed the lies and libels of the capitalist pre Bill Dunne’s ar- ticle, December 8, effectively ex- posed the vicious fabrication by the New York Sunday News of an al- leged speech by Herbert Benjamin, march leader. ATTACK ON SHARE-CROPPERs. The few reports in the capitalist press about the attack on Negro share-croppers in Tallapoosa Coun- ty, Ala., December 19, have been brief and fragmenta: They have obscured the issues, the extent of the conditions against rs were struggling, and white farm- savage terror they the Daily, on the other of this event occupied most prominent position on the front page from December 21 to January 2. Besides, there were edi: torials and many articles, includ- ing a special series by Nat Ross. To this day the ing the would be practical- ly unknown if workers had to de- pend on the capitalist press, or the led “labor press”, jon about this impor- events, and countless others e same kind, show clearly the ice the Daily performs in day-to-day struggles of the the workers, bd ‘The Daily Worker will not be able to continue to perform this service unless werkers everywhere answer its call for the funds that will enable it to live. Save the Daily Worker.—Editor. number of other descriptive phrases that a r more definite in their used? Why ” used whi the ability and phrase- ike clear, ringing blows nd its adherents? ology at cay a |A FARMER WRITES US FROM KOOSKIA, IDAHO} Kooskia, Idaho. Worker, ent in my last dollar for your paper. A good many farm- ers read the Daily Worker, as I pass it on so do they. They all like the paper but none have any money The Daily Worker is the only paper for farmers and workers re- gardless of color, sex, age, creed tionality Daily” doing splendid to be Commu-~ I wis add and Also the Comradely : of the ed dirt! tricks ever any urkers Thi the 2 of ssed by ng the sud izure of the hinese seamen brought here to man the Dollar Line ship President Johnson and the Panama Mail Uner Sante Lucia. ‘These men were brought here, thinking they had positions guar. anteed them. The letter they wrote to the Union indicates they believed the companies had @ law- ful right to hire them. Yet, when they came h Andrew Furuseth, president of the American Sea- q 's Union, could only condemn the poor Chinese instead of con- demning the rich shipping com- panies that brought them here. Furuseth complained that the Chinese seamen were going to work for #% @ month. But he made no ‘The Growing| Fight Against) © Imperialism By E, P. GREENE 4 bts it number of the Anti- Imperialist Review (Vol. 2, No. published in Berlin by the In nal Secretariat of League Against Imperialism, is now available ‘in this country. The leading article, “National | Reformism-in the Present Situa- | | tion,” by Safaroy, is a penetrating analysis of the theory and role of | national reformism in the colonial countries, especially in China. It ably exposes the position of the leadership of the Second Interna- tional on the colonial question. “The Egyptian Wafd as a Party of National Betrayal,” by J. B., is @ concise account of the history and role of the Wafd from 1919 to the present. The Wafd is the na- tional reformist. party of Egypt, which there plays the role of be- trayer of the masses that Gandhi | does’ in India. The article also | | Clearly exposes the imperialist | policy of the British labor govern- ment in regard to Egypt. Gear and the Pacifist Vari- ety of Imperialism,” by Saklat- vala, former member of the British Parliament, is a smashing attack on Gandhi, on the vinists who. support the “liberal” regime of Lérd -Ir- | win, the former viceroy, most vici- | ous of all: the British tyrants ‘who haye governed India. The article makes it vety.clear that the British capitalist class is fully aware that | Gandhi is their best and surest tool in India. The article on national reform- | ism, “Will The Democratic Party | Grant Filipino Independence?” | deals mainly with the Philippine | Civic Union, a national reformist | organization which supports the | } Democratic Party in the U.S.A. | The article proves conclusively that the Democratic Party in the past | has, when in power, carried out the wishes of its Wall St. masters | | just as efficiently as the Repub- lican Party. e Ee are two articles on Latin America: “The New U.S.A. Treaty With Haiti,” by Leiva, and “Foremost Tasks of the Fight Against American Imperialism.” | The latter article, besides contain- ing some errors, (Le, it speaks of | general and not well coordinated. | Only a small part of it deals with | specific tasks. One of the most interesting ar- ticles. is “Imperialist Expansion and the Natives of Australia,” by Gof- | lin, which shows how British im- | perialism has literally exterminated | the aborigenes of Australia, and | refuting the lie of the apologists | | for imperialism that the aborigenes have “become” extinct. This same policy of extermination was used by American capitalism against the Indians, and is today being used in many parts of South America against the native Indians there. “The Revolt in the West Ukraine,” by Michailenko, tells of the mass | uprisings of the peasants in East- ern Poland against unbearable conditions, and of the brutal sup- pression of these uprisings by the butcher Pilsudski. oe ‘S number of the Review also | contains very informative ar- ticles on the role of the Interna~- tional Red Aid in the anti-impe- rialist struggles in the colonies; on the trade unions in Indonesia (Dutch East Indies); and on the Meerut prisoners who have only now been given vicious sentences, after having rotted in jail for al- most 4 years. Yearly subscription to the Anti- Imperialist Review, six issues, $1. Single copy by mail, 18 cents; 15 cents at office of the Anti-Impe- rialist League, 799 Broadway, Room 536, New York. “SOUR SOUP” MARTINS FERRY, O.-—Among the many well deserved complaints of the baskets of food given here for relief, one of the strongest recently was the complaint of “sour soup.” Health Commissioner John Dono- van, purported friend and promoter | of the pure milk campaign, came on the scene after the sour soup charge had received wide-spread publicity. He pompously and sneeringly made } | & Sweeping denial of the charge and | dismissed the whole matter officially | by saying that those seeking relief | had presented “unclean buckets.” Worker Correspondent, { accusation against the companies , | that hired them. In fact, one of | the companies, the Panama Mail | Company, was not brought into the controversy. This Panama Mail Company, when the furore vose over the Chi- nese seamen, abandoned them en~- | tirely. Tt never even sent an agent | eter Seen eee eae | t them. | APPEAL TO MWLU. The Chinese seamen appealed to the Marine Workers’ Industrial Union because this union sup- ported the 90 Chinese whom the Dollar Line held prisoners on the Johnson last year for several months and forced the conypany to grant their demand to be sent home. The Chinese were held incom- municado, and the letter never reached the Marine Workers In- | | | | | ® Naval reVolt in Salvador) is too | | dustrial Unjon till after the ship hag wailed, Nevertheless, the tn~ Contral Orga Porty USA ON MARCH 4th! Lers BEATIT, eELano! | ony LIKE THAT quyy —You don’t remember me, do you, Mr. Roosevelt!” The German Social- Democratic Betrayal tL By MAX BEDACHT HE ascendancy of Hitler to the Chancellorship of the German Empire brings toward a close a cycle of development which the treachery of the Social-Democra- tic Party of Germany inaugurated. | At the beginning of this cycle stood the liquidation of the German pro- letarian revolution through the re- establishment of capitalist rule. At the end of the cycle will stand the liquidation of capitalist rule by the re-established proletarian reyolu- tion. Fascism is the logical result and the last phase of the action of the social-democrats in 1918. It is the highest and last phase of their policy of saving German capitalism. But the revolutionary forces also present, themselves today on a higher plane’ than they appeared in 1918. ET us first consider the forces of counter revolution. ‘The rising revolt of the German masses in 1918, strengthened by the | influences of the victorious Rus- sian proletarian revolution, led to the collapse of the power of Ger- man capitalism. It collapsed on the battlefields—not the allies but the onrushing German Revolution caused the retreat of the German armies to the Rhine. It collapsed in the political field—not fear of the allies but the onrushing pro- letarian revolution made an end to the imperial rule and drove Wil- helm, the megalomaniac, into Holland. ‘The social democrats hated and feared the revolution. They helped their Capitalist masters to win the war. Nothing was further from their desire than to overthrow their rule. When they could no longer prevent the revolution they headed it for only one purpose, to betray it. Ebert, Scheidemann and other dignitaries of the Social Democratic Party have testified to that even in open court. ‘The German workers had already begun to build soviets as their in- strument of power. The social de- mocrats, however, used their lead- ership in the first German Soviet Congress to prevent it from organ- izing the workers’ political power and caused it, instead, to abdicate that power to the bourgeois con- stituent assembly. Sate) * i German social democrats lived up to Marx’s characteri- zation of social democracy as far back as 1851. Marx then spoke of petty bourgeois French social de- mocracy. But every syllable of this characterization anticipated Ger- man social democracy of today Marx said that: “The essential characteristic of social democracy is as follows. Democratic, republican institu- tions are demanded as a means not for the abolition of the two ion will do what it can to force the Panam: Mail Company to live up to its contract with the Chinese seamen, and pay them years’ wages agreed on in the con-~ trect. ‘The Marine Workers Industrial Union points out that the only way to protect the “Amerjcan standard” 80 called, is to organize all seamen into a union that will fight to raise standards to the western level. Otherwise the western level will drop, as it is fast dropping now, to the coolie standard. The let- ter of the Chinese seamen is, as fol- lows: Marine Workers Industrial Union: Friends:—We are compelled by need to come far away to work. But, upon arrival we found that the so-called “strong people” (re- ferring to the American Seamen's Union) opposed our starting work and the eompany emploving nt , | tional Labor Defense attorney, wha. | backed by the workers’ mass move- | the name of the working masses of | tacks of the stool-pigeon, M. R. Ba- | well-to-do farmers, | against the | fessional | Gross, Portland lawyer, the two | extremes, capital and wage labor, but for the mitigation of their opposition, and for the trans- formation of their discord into a harmony. Various ways of at- taining this harmony may be advocated, and the different pro- Pposals may be adorned with a more or less revolutionary trim- ming, but the substance is always the same. The substantial aim of social democracy is to transform society by the democratic me- thod, the transformation being always kept within the petty bourgeois. orbit.” Marx had long debunked bour- | geois democracy of all its phrases. | He had exposed it as a form of | capitalist class rule. The German social democrats rewrapped bour- | | geois democracy again into all of the old phrases and presented it as an aim in itself. which would transform Class struggle into class | harmony. Since ‘the empty sto- | machs protested against the dreams | of harmony in the heads of the workers and drove them into strug- | gles. in spite of all theories of harmony, the social democrats | practiced the enfarcement of class | peace on the workers by pitiless class war against them in the in- interests of the capitalists and with the arms of the capitalist state. Marx had declared revolution to be the locomotive: of history which | will pull social development over | the dead body of bourgeois rule | Damar Repeal of Oregon ‘Red’ Law PORTLAND, Ore. (By Mail) —As a | direct result of the militant united hunger march of Oregon workers and veterans to the state capital last | month, a move has been started in| the legislature to reveal the vicious! Oregon criminal syndicalism law. On Feb. 2 the Senate ‘Judiciary Committee met to ‘consider Ng re- peal bill. Irvin Goodman, Interna. ment, won the release of 12 of the 13} criminal syndicalism victims three years ago, appeared before the com- mittee and demanded its appeal in Oregon. Goodman exposed the at- con, and of R. P. Bonham, local im- migration director. ‘Under pressure of ‘the mass senti- ment for repeal, the leaders of the state Grange, an organization of! also came out law. Dr. Virgil Mc- Mickel, Portland physician, spoke against the law in the name of pro- workers, and Harry 1,! also de-' manded its repeal. made no move on our behalf. The future is a fearful one. “Having heard that you as an organizetion always act in the in- terest of the workinginen of all countries, we therefore wish to state our case and appeal to you for help so that we shall not be unduly taken rnin of by our employers. If this help is granted we will be very grateful. “Here are the facts in the case. ‘We all, forty-three in number, signed up at Hongkong as crew for the Santa Lucia, Panama Mail line. The agreement is to work for two years. There are many other details in the agreement, but | the important condition of the | agreement is that if anyone fails to fulfill the two years’ term of work and resigns, he becomes a | deserter or “‘sabotager” and his transportation back to China would be at his own expense, This: being secured by depositing with, ‘tho through a proletarian dictatorship into socialism. The social democtats disregarded this Marxian truth; they declared democracy as the lo- coinotive of history, with the help of which they pulled society over the dead bodies of revolutionary workers back into the dictatorship of capitalism. The contents of the history of Germany within thé last fourteen years are the development of the natural consequences of the social democratic treachery. At every new phase of this development, the social democratic party held both of its wings, the right and the left, protectingly over capitalism. From the rebellion of the navy detach- ments in Kiel, in 1918, to the anti- fascist struggles of 1932, social democracy of Germany was always found on the side of German capi- talism. So persistently did the so- cial democrats play this role of saviors of German capitalism, that it is difficult to distinguish the saviors of capitalism in 1918 from those of 1933. Hindenburg for Ebert, Hitler for Noske, Von Papen for Schneidermann, different names different persons, different times, but the same purpose. Noske murdered the German workers in the threatening revo- lution of 1918: Hitler is murdering them in the threatening revolution of 1933, Ebert embodied paralyzing bourgeois democracy in 1918, Hin- denburg embodies it in 1933; to make the comparison unchalleng- able, we mention that both Ebert and Hindenburg were the presiden- tial choices of the social democratic party. But times have changed. What in 1918 only social democracy could accomplish, in 1933 only Hitlerism may try to accomplish: To save capitalism. aisha democracy, in a sense, is @ victim of its own historic mission. In: spite of their readiness | with gun and club against the workers, their phrases make the social democrats efficient only as the leaders of a disguised counter revolution. Now the time has ar- rived when capitalism must con- gider the disguise a weakening Mxctor. Too many workers have been disillusioned. At this moment, therefore, open counter revolution is in order. The bearers and leaders of that are the fascists. The social democratic bullets fired by Noske in 1918 were wrap- ped in democratic illusions. The history of Germany since 1918 has largely liquidated these illusions. The undisguised bullets of the ca~ pitalist dictatorship of today re- quire different guns to fire them. Fascism, therefore, replaces social democracy as the savior of capi- talism. That is why the people and the names at the helf om German. capitalism have changed. That is why Ebert now spells Hindenburg and Noske spells Hitler. company a sum of $500 at Hong- kong by each member of the crew. “The company did not send any representative to meet us when we arrived in the port of New York. Even after we were detained by the “With this in view we cannot help but be worried. Because we gave up our old jobs to sign up, there will be great difficulty in finding means of subsistence. Be~ sides, we have spent money in pre~ parations to come’ here. If this is not repaid we sustain it loss. ‘There is no other channel which, we could appeal for ald, ‘In. | | Can: (The Daily Worker..today be- gins the publication of the dram- atic memoirs of Felix Kohn, an associate of Lenin for many years, and at present a feading member of the Society of Old Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union. “Escape from the Gallows” is at present available in a pamphlet published by the Workers Library Publishers, P. O, Box 148, Station D, New York.) « (Author’s Preface.) Yas episode here related occurred in 1906—in “my second youth,” as I like to call it, or it might be called, my “resurrection from the dead.” T was arrested for the first, time in 1884 for being a member of the social-revolutionary party known as the “Proletariat,” the first socialist party in Poland. As a rule, social- ist propaganda at that time was confined to study circles, and such existed in a number of factories in Warsaw, Lodz, Zgierz, Zyrardow, Bielystok. Through the medium of these circles we contrived from time to time to stir up the masses to action and in this way we began to rally the workers around our Party, if only in small numbers. Such was the case, for instance, at the time when Buturlin, Chief of the Police of Warsaw, issued the order, prescribing that working women be medically examined in the same way as prostitutes. The masses of the workers responded so formidably to our appeal to them to protest, that the authori- ties were compelled to withdraw this disgraceful order. In connec- tion with this incident, the Party membership doubled, or even trebled. ‘This was « remarkable thing for that time—remember it happened 48 years ago. When the police ac- cidentally succeeded in arresting Ludovik—Warynski the leader of the “Proletariat” Party, who per- ished later in ‘the Schlusselburg Fortress, a huge demonstration of protest was organized and over a thousand workers were arrested in ‘Warsaw alone. The police were well aware of the connection which ex- ESCAPE from the GALLOWS By FELIX KOHN yocateurs,. it was. unable to’ dis~ isted- between, the Party and the working masses, but notwithstand~ ing the zcal of its spies and pro- party formed in 1879 which took up the political struggle against the autocracy by wethods of individual acts of terror.—Ed.), an alliance was concluded in 1884 between the two underground Parties, whereby each party preserved its complete independence within the borders of its own country, but both parties were to continue the politi struggle under the leadership the “Narodnaya Volya,” as : th’ Party working in the capital. 4s e ‘HIS union of the Polish and at sian Parties alarmed the tsar’s government more than anything else, and therefore about half the members of the Party—29 persons, were courtmartialed, while the rest were punished by executive Order. The court-martial sentenced four men—Kuciki, a student; Bardoski, @ justice of the peace, and Pietru- sinski and Osovski, workers, to death; two were imprisoned in the Schlusselberg fortress — Warinski, who died there, and Janovitz, who, after the expiration of his sen- tence, was exiled to the remote Ya- kutsk district, North East of Si- beria, where he shot himself. Five men, I among them, were sentenced to long terms of penal servitude, which we served in the prisons on. the River Kara, in Siberia, 15 others received the same sentence and were sent to the island of Sak- halin, and three were exiled to Si- beria without penal servitude. LIFE IN PRISON This is not the place to tell about our wanderings from one prison to another, or to describe all we suf~ fered while undergoing penal servi- tude—suffice to say that the: con~ ditions were so terrible that some were driven to suicide. Still I can~ not refrain from mentioning the following incident. g: Loss of freedom, together with the interruption of one’s Party ac- tivity, inevitably arouses in nearly every arrested person @ yearning to get away from the tenacious clutches of the gendarmes, The “T could recount here many attempts to escape which ended in fail-~ ure, not only due to carelessness, but also because the plans were not worked out in detail...” cover any clues. For this reason, when Warynski fell into the hands of the police, he was put on a sort of mass identity parade for a whole day, before all the janitors and house-porters of Warsaw, in order to get evidence from them as to what houses he had stayed in, and in these the police made further arrests. RAISED QUESTION OF CLASS STRUGGLE ‘The zeal of the police was due to the fact that unlike the socialist groups which had previously ex- isted in Poland, which tried to combine patriotism with Socialism, and for this purpose tried to ob- scure class antagonisms, the “Pro- letariat” Party began to raise the question of the class struggle and strongly stressed the international character of the struggle. The for- mer groups carried on propaganda for the emancipation of Poland from Russia and ignored the Rus- sian revolutionary movement. The “Proletariat” Party, however, strongly insisted mpon the necessi- ty of a joint strugale with the Ru: sian revolutionaries for the over- throw of the tsarist autocracy, Though the “Proletariat” was a class party, which cannot be said of the Russian “Narodnaye Volva” (“People’s Willa revolutionary “ONE OF THE DIRTIEST TRICKS EVER PLAYED ON WORKERS ANYWHERE” defense of our interests we ought to demand of the company to in- demnify ail losses, but we are strangers in a forelgn country and are not familiar with customs and laws here. Furthermore we have no freedom of movement. It is dy ible for us to act without Ide aid. “Therefore we wish you to send “We are now on the SS. Presi- dent Pierce which sails for San Francisco on Thursday, Feb. 9, Please do not delay. We will al- ways appreciate your help in pro- teing our interests. Hoping progress in this work, we remain, Fraternally, —Forty-three members of the Chinese crew engaged for the 8.8. Sante Lacie, Panama Mail tine greater the desire, the more fan- tastic, I must acknowledge, are the plans of escape, which are often doomed to failure by their very na- ture. While in the pavilion of the Warsaw citadel, where we were imprisoned during the preliminary examination, we planned to escape; by filing the grating in the win- dows of our cells, although the pas vilion was situated within a fort~ ress, the walls and the windows of which were watched by sentries, while the bridges leading to the fortress were drawn up during the night. On our way to Siberia, we, made plans to escape from the barges, expecting to be able to, jump out and swim across the river Obi. eet ae ae is many a tale of escape that still remains to be told. But the story is well-known «by hearsay to nearly every prisoner and exile. I could recount here many attempts to escape which ended in failure not only due to carelessness, but also because the plans were not worked out in de- tail, nor were the final prepara- tions carefully checked. Prisoners tried to escape by way of the Arctic Ocean, without studying the mouth of the river on which they sailed and thus lost their way among the numerous interlacing arms of the delta; they set out to cross the im- passable taiga (Vast marshy for- est in Siberia—Ed.), and after ten days of wandering found them- selves not far from the place they had started from. Efforts were made to liberate our comrades from prison through persons who ime personated officers in charge of convoys, but whose uniform, defec- tive in some minor detail, cai the experienced eye of the military! in charge and thus the whole plot) was spoiled. Plans were made in @ haphazard way, without organised preparation. i “DURING 20 YEARS” after my arrest, on the eve of the revolution of 1905. During 20 years we learned @ great deal. The more recent escapes from Ste beria proved more successful be- cause we thought out every trifling detail, organized secret lodgings, where the escaped prisoner could safely remain during the period of pursuit and search and fugitives ‘Were supplied with reliable addres- seo 4nd documents, » ove i