The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 7, 1932, Page 3

| Hail the Great Victories of the Heroic. Russian Workers DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, OVEMBE . 1932 ¥ Page Three U.S. Workers’ Delegation in Soviet Union > Typical American workers’ delegation arriving in Moscow to see for themselves the remarkable achievements of the Soviet proletariat. Why Ford Workers Should Vote Communist Nov. 8th “Militant Auto Workers of U.S. Will Defend US.S.R. from Imperialist Attacks” By JOHN SCHMIES URING the existence of the Ford Motor Company, Henry and Edsel Ford accumulated unheard of wealth and luxuries, all at the bit- ter expense of the Ford workers and their families. But that is not all. The system of mass production in the Ford plant which is called “Fordism is based upon the most inhuman system of speed-up and general mass exploitation of the Ford workers. This created on one hand, one of the most powerful and gigantic capital- ist industries. And on the other hand, it has also-created misery and actual hunger for its tens of thous- ands of workers. Here, I want to give the following two examples which will explain the position of the Ford family and the Ford Motor Co. and the position of many thous- | ands of Ford workers: THE GROWTH OF FORD 1, On its 25th anniversary, we find the growth of this company to have been phenomenal. From $100,- 000 its authorized capital stock has been increased to $100,000,000; from a factory of 28 acres of floor space it has now extended until it covers more than 1,500 acres. Its branches and assembly plants have grown to 36 in the United States and others in South America, Cuba, Mexico, Europe, Egypt and the Orient. From. an annual production of 1,708 cars the company has enlarged its facilities till it has produced over 9,000 cars in a single day and more than 2,000,000 cars in one year. The above picture was the sit- uation of the Ford Motor Co. on its 25th anniversary, a few years ago. Since then additional expansoin and methods of exploitation were intro- duced on a considerable large scale by the company. In addition to this, I may add that the yearly net profit was.as high as, for in: Stance in 1930,°$54,000,000. 2. The position of the Ford workers, especially since the econo- mic.crisis, and as a result of the Forq methods which are being forced upon the Ford workers in order that the company maintains and increases ‘its. profits, was clearly expresséd by the workers in the Ford Hunger March. “BLOODY MONDAY” Hunger, cold,“sickhess, starving babies, evictions, foreclosures, caused the five thousand former Ford workers to march on tha Ford plant on Bloody Monday March 7, 1932. For years, Ford told them to live on the high American standards, to buy homes, automobiles, etc. Ford told them “Your jobs are steady.” Then Ford gave them enforced vacations, one and two days a weck work and finally laid them off to shift for themselves, Dark months of unemployment passed by and grew to years. Murphy gave no re- lief! Hoover gave no relief! Ford, gave no relief! In the winter homes were cold. Food was growing scarce, ‘The little bank. accounts disap- peared, or the bank failed. Little babies grew sick and died. Mort- gage payments were due but no money to pay. Rent was behind and many were evicted. Mortgages were foreclosed. The clothes grew shabby. Some starved to death, And a few committed suicide, but many still had faith in Ford, Murphy and Hoover, They came to ask for jobs, for bread from the fabulous profits, they made Ford while working for him. They came to demand the right to live. Ford's answer was machine gun-fire. His policy is that Ford workers should vote for Hoover and his entire program, that of the Repub- lican Party. This, of course, is also the program of Ford and expresses itself in wage cuts, additional in- creased speed-up and more lay-offs. ‘This was shown on September 6 when Ford announced shat many thousands of workers would be called back, The actual facts are that instead of hiring, the com- pany, actually fired approximately 30,000 workers from the payroll lists, ‘The workers were instruced to turn in their badges and they were told that they might be called back at some future date. The small group which were put back to work are working on a one, two or three day schedule with wages as low as $3.50 and $4 per day. Henry Ford is openly campaigning for the hunger of Hoover and makes statements to the effect, that after all, the situation is good aut many few people realize it. Of course, it is true as far as Henry system fhas { aires Fora and his like are concerned, But for the Ford masses, the elec- tion of Hoover, means the endorse- ment of the Ford system which created misery and suffering for the Ford workers. The Ford workers must reject the program of Hoover, Ford and Roosevelt agent of Ford and Wall Street. Ford workers must defend their own interests by organizing and supporting the workers’ candidates and the workers program which is expressed in the platform of the Communist Party. 'HE Ford workers must vote Com~- munist because this means a | militant mobilization for immediate A SOVIET WORKER winter relief for the unemployed and part time Ford workers, and mobilization for struggles to de- mand unemployment and social insurance to be paid by the state and out of the millions of dollars profit made by Henry Ford. The Ford workers must vote Communist because this means that the Ford workers reject the Hoover- Ford wage cutting policy, and pledge themselves to build up fighting committees in the depart- ments such as Grievance Commit- tees, action committees, all for the purpose of organizing a powerful union that will serve the (Ford workers in defending and pro- tecting decent living and working conditions. The Ford workers should vote Communist because this means a mobilization for unity of all workers in and around the Ford shop. Es- pecially will this mean to defend the rights of the Negro workers who are being forced in the Ford plant to work for lower wages and thereby keep the Negro and white workers divided and making the common struggle impossible against the com- mon enemy of the Negro and white workers, the Ford Motor Comany, FOR NEGRO UNITY ‘The Communist Party calls upon the workers to unite Negro and white into a common struggle against the rotten conditions that both the Negro and white workers face in and around the Ford factory. —— The Ford workers should vote Communist because it means a’ smashing blow against the Fora system of terror, oppression, insult and deportation of foreign-born workers by Ford and his political Leura ya Dearborn, Detroit and in les surrounding the Ford plant. A vote for the Communist Party | and destroying the productive forces under its control, th the capitalist enemy, | ‘ Soviet Workers Have Shown the Way to Liberation Thru Workers and Farmers Government ---Vote Communist! (Statement of Central Committee, Communist Party, U. S. A.) IFTEEN years after the workers’ of Russia seized power, established their Soviet Government, and proceeded to the building of a ne ciety, a new world isis has arisen, a new turning point in the histo! of the human race has been reached. In the Soviet Union, the mag ficent successes in socialist construction, the accomplishment of the Five Year Plan in four years, the bringi! riculture basically into the so- cialist planned economy, the unprecedented tempo of industrial advan these historic victories have taken place at the moment of the greatest collapse of the capitalist system in the rest of the world. In America 15,000,000 workers, with their families making a total of 45 to 50 million people, are cut off from all means of life except the drib- bles of charity which grow smaller and smaller as the need grows deeper, ‘The economy of the country is at a level of 40 per cent of 1929. The stand- ard of living of the masses has fallen by three-quarters in the course of three years. Millions are faced with actual starvation and death. The capitalist efforts to find a way out of the cri all directed against the workers and farmers, turning the public treasuries 0 the bankrupt corporations, trusts, and banks, only drive the crisis to deeper levels. Capitalist stability has been destroyed. The capitalist world has defi- nitely entered into a new period of wars and revolutions. RUSSIAN WORKERS SHOW WAY The only workers’ way out of the is has been brilliantly demon- strated by the Russian proletariat, under the leadership of the Commu ist Party, the Party of Lenin’ Inheriting an industrially backward and undeveloped country, ruined by war and counter-revolution, the Russian workers have in a few short years performed marvels of construction. They have already begun to realize the goal set by Lenin—‘“to overtake and surpass the most advanced industrial countries.” Amidst the ruin and chaos of the rest of the world, there arises in the Soviet Union the gigantic new socialist industrialization, an entirely new system of societ: based on workingclass state power. While capitalism has been choking 2 Soviet Union has proved that the proletarian dictatorship releases the productive forces to an extent hitherto undreamed of by the most Utopian mind. In this contrast between the two world systems there is sealed the verdict of history—the doom of the capitalist system and the cerain vic- tory of the proletarian, the socialist, revolution throughout the world. an- UT the victory of socialism is not an automatic process, It is the fruit of revolutionary struggle of the workingclass and farmers, first of all to protect its everyday existence, to beat back the capitalist attacks, to win relief and insurance for the unemployed, to defeat wage-cuts, to secure for the Negro masses complete equal rights and self-determination for the Black Belt, to win relief for the farmers, to protect workers’ rights, to struggle against imperialist war and for defense of the Soviet | Union. The road to the victory of socialism is the road of mobilization and organization of the masses, to build up their united class front against It is the road of stubborn, bitter class struggle. THE TASK IN THE U.S. A. ‘The workers of America must understand, however, that the con- struction of a new, socialist, society in this country is much more simple a task than that which has been successfully accomplished by the workers | of the Soviet Union. Over there, in the former empire of the Czar, the workers had to seize power, and only afterward to build up, slowly and Continued on Page Four) painfully from the very ground, the economic foundations of socialism. In the U.S. A is plenty and to s ment of social: ist private properts In the U, S. A. bulwark of dying ¢ Party, the “third p: liberately and dir ectly built up, as bourgeoisie itse has been most dramatically e pressed ir tional Election Campaign, in which the capitalis s the country has extolled the “merits” and pectability Thomas in the most glowing terms, exerting every effort to direct all d contented voi into the arms of the Socialist Party. On its part, Socialist Party openly recommends itself to the capitalists as “the only eliable barrier against revolution” in America * mic foundations have already been 1 Il things needed for the immedis is to break the fetters of ca revolutionary workers’ governme capitalist lands, the last support and ong the toiling masses, is the Social ‘sd he Socialist Party is beir serious political fac lish- ital- IN order to march along the road of the revolutionai crisis, to defeat the capitalist way out, the working ist the treacherous role of the Socialist Party, especially ~styled “left” group, destroy its influence among the masses, and lead all the exploited against t and to develop the working ard movement Only by the defeat of the Socialist Party can the capitalist defeated way out of the unmask isis be BOSSES PREPARING IMPERIALIST WAR. As the crisis deepens, more 2 its preparation for a new world The sharpening conflicts within America and even more between C t B in and America, stage of armed struggle, for which feverish preparations are But above all, the imperialist world is striving with a united war against the victorious wor! and its socialist construction. On this fifteenth anniver the world, it is necessary , ‘for he imperialist camp, to launch viet Union greatest victory of the workers of kers of America, aroused to the menace of a new impe! Yr ke up seriously the mas: Tuggle it, as a life-and-death struggle of the workers in Ame: The attacks against the working class in every field can only be de- feated by a stubborn relentless struggle against the preparations for im- perialist war, This struggle must take up the tasks of stopping the ship- ments of munitions, of organizing the workers in the munitions plants to prepare to stop the production of munitions, to rouse mass demonstrations against the war and its preparations, to begin seriously the organization of groups of revolutionary soldiers and sailors in the armed forces. All these immediate steps in the struggle against imperialist war must be understood as parts of the preparation to transform the coming im- perialist war into a civil war to overthrow the rule of the capitalist class. Above all, the workers of America must understand that their slogan, “De- fend the Soviet Unio: is a central slogan of the defense of our own class interests in America, and to prepare our own counter-attack against the capitalist policy of ion of the American masses. Hail the fifteenth anniversary of the October Revolution, which showed the workers the revolutionary solution of the cris Hail the victorious construction of Socialism in the Sovict Union! Forward to the strugge against wage-cuts, for unemployment relief and insurance, for complete equality for the Negroes and self-determination for the Black Belt, for immediate relief to the farmers, for workers’ rights! Stop the shipment of war munitions! Defend the Chinese people, defend t!'+ Soviet Union! Vote Communist, for Foster and I’ on November 8th! / e Lénin Speaks at Moscow C elebration i in 1919 : of the Russian Revolution, speaking to onstration in the Red Square in 1919. SC ETEEEIEREEEEEEE What Soviet Workers Have Achieved in Uz S. SR, Book Jos. Freeman’s | Actual Conditions of Russian Labor | THE SOVIET WORKER, by Jo: Freeman, Horace (Special Ed Publishers, $1.50). Reviewed By MILTON HOWARD. the most hor is the title of wi a worker, to be a mem of two world: the | | fact tha faces tl cialism in —CENTRAL COMMITTEE, COMMUNIST PARTY OF U. S. A. U. S. WORKER VISITS SOVIET FACTORY KITCHEN Meals Planned by Dieticians in Factories send cle Communal Dining Ro cui | By L. MARTIN. you want to know how Soviet workers are fed, the best place to go is to a factory restaurant, to a kitchen-factory” or to one of the communal dining rooms connected with workers’ apartment houses, For most of the workers eat in such socialized restaurants’ today. In 1931 some 23,000,000 meals a day | were serveg in them to about half the city population of the Soviet Union. This year it is planned to Serve 62,000,000 meals a day. We'll pick a “kitchen-factory” in Moscow for this visit. It is typical in organization and meals served of most of the new workers’ eating places which your correspondent visited this summer in Leningrad, Moscow and Kharkov. FACTORIES AND FACTORIES Now that the working class is in power, the word “factory” is getting to be almost as honorable as the word “worker.” It is applied to every kind of institution. Moving picture studios, for instance, are called movie factories, And so a plant which produces meals on a large scale comes quite naturally to be called a “kitchen-factory.” This particular kitchen-factory is a big modern four or five storied building on a hill near the Elekjro- zavod (Electric Factory). But it does not serve the Elektrozavod workers, who have a restaurant and kitchens of their own. Its particu. lar job is to serve nine other fac~ tories in the neighborhood. Of 18,- 000 meals prepared a day, 9,000 are sent gut to be served to the work- ers in these factories, The rest are eaten in the dining rooms of the kitchen-factory by workers who are close enough to drop in. There are seven other district kitchen-fac- tories like this one in Moscow. But they all operate on a bigger scale than it, serving around 25,000 meals each a day. . he miko EFORE we can be shown around where the food is handled, we all have to put on white overall aprons such as doctors wear in an operat- ing room. They are not going to have visitors spreading dust and germs in kitchens and storerooms to whose cleanliness and sanitation so much attention is being devoted today that it astonishes those who £ remember the careless filth of old capitalist Russia, HOW FACTORY KITCHEN OPERATES Then we sit down in the arm- chairs of the workers’ rest room, | while the director explains the or- ganization of the kitchen-factory and answers our questions. He is a former factory-worker himself, and he approaches every problem from the angle of the comfort and con- venience of the workers he serves. One of the doors from the rest- | room leads to the doctor's office. Here any worker may receive ad- vice and treatment free of charge. If he has stomach trouble, the doc- tor will advise him in regard to diet; and if what he needs cannot be gotten in the general dining rooms, he will be privileged to use the special “diet room.” There are restaurants on each | floor of the kitchen-factory, all laid out on much the same plan and serving the same meals, MEALS PLANNED BY DIETICIANS The meals in the general restau- rants are also carefully planned by a staff of dieticians. They test the food for purity and try to arrange the meals on scientific principle to provide a balanced and healthy diet. The meal today starts with the inevitable Russiam soup, served in big soup plates which are filled almost to the upper edge. A Rus- sian worker would feel himself cheated if his plate were filled only in the center. The soup contains meat, cabbage, carrots and other vegetables. After eating up a whole plateful of such soup in Soviet workers restaurants, I was usually too full to have room for anything else. Following the soup there is a choice of several dishes with po- tatoes and other, vegetables. Some of these dishes look like meat. cut- lets, but the director assures us that they have only egg and vege- table dishes today. There has been a meat shortage this year, caused partly by slaughter of their stock on part of kulaks (rich peasants) and of middle peasants influenced by their propaganda against the new collective farms. So meat is rationed in such a way as to give | take advantage all workers their share. This means a certain number of meatless da; a month, the place of meat being taken by fish, egg or vegete.2!2 dish- es. After the main dish there is cake and tea, or a fruit pudding for those who choose to top off the meal this way. the main dish today aings and bread costs only 40 kopeks (20 cents), as it is not a meat dish. A helping of meat and vegetables with bread at other factory restaurants we visited ran around 80 kopeks (40 cents). A big soup, like the one described, will usually cost 30 kopeks (15 cents). Cake, particularly if iced, may cost 30 or 40 kopeks, but a fruit pudding desert is cheaper. At factory lunch bars, where bteat take snacks between meals, a glass of tea and a big slice of breaq may be had for five kopeks (21% cents). The high prices which are cften reported by capitalist press corzes- pondents are not those paid by the workers at their factory and-apart- ment restaurants and stores. They are either “luxury” prices at places where workers eat only when they want to blow themselves to a spe- cial treat; or else they are the prices of pri speculators who of certain short- ages to sell at outrageous rates the same goods that workers can abe tain quite reasonably at their ow stores and restaurants, if they are willing to wait their turn ae take their share, AS TO SHORTAGES ‘These shortages are much played up by capitalist propagandists, but they never point out that the main reason for them in precisely the rapidly rising living standards of the Soviet masses. In pre-revolutionary days the average Russian worker's diet con- sisted only of black bread, dried fish, cabbage and one or two other vegetables. Meat and most of the dairy foods were an almost un- known luxury. His meals were pre- pared at home under the most pri- mitive and unsanitary conditions, and he carried a cold lunch to eat on the job, like most American workers do today. But nowadays the average Soviet | American worker eats a regular hot meal at noon and takes other meals in communal restaurants. Wages have been so increased that the whole family can usually eat this way | and the wife be freed from house- work, if she so desires. (How many working class families could make ends meet if they ate all their meals at restaurants?) And the food in these places is of better quality and more cleanly and tastefully prepared than was ever po le for them in capitalist days. IT is a gigantic problem, however, | |, to meet the ever-increasing de- | mands for more and better foog on | the part of the industrial popula- | tion which has been increased by millions upon millions under the | JOSEPH FR Five-Year Plan. No matter how fast production is increased it al- ways seems to lag behind the de- | mand. In 1931 the market table out- | put of grain was incr cent over the previous potatoes 76 per cent, mec cent, butter 97.8 per cent, and eggs 33.8 per cent. The output of the food industry as a whole totalled 26.4 per cent more than in 1930, And yet there are still shortages of the very goods whose produc- tion has been increased so greatly. These shortages are partly due to the inadequacy of the transport- ation system inherited from capi- talism, to kulak sabotage and to the present threats of imperialist attack on the Soviet Union. ~ But they are not due to any particular extent to the export of foodstufis, world of ¢: means to the Russian wo decided in 1917 to t tries and the ¢ nme own hands they this book by Free from any other the English lang’ WORKERS’ TRIUMPHS IN TRUE LIGHT In this book we se triumphs of th the economic et workers in r the only light in which they can since foodstuff shipments avroad | jy truly understood: that is, as the are now less than half the pre-war | material basis for profound his- volume. Grain exported in 1930 and 1931, for instance amounted to only about half the 1913 exports. NO ONE HUNGRY AS IN U. S. The Soviet workers know the causes of such shortages as occur. They discuss them thoroughly in their factory meetings and in their papers. They join heartily in work- | ing out plans to overcome them by inereasing production. And mean- while they see to it that all share | Russian workers buildin alike the available supplies as near- | Selves a secure and ly as possible. They find it diffi- . cult to understand American capi- IREEMAN describes talist conditions, where millions of system as “based workers go hungry while ware- | that the land and al houses are bursting with food and | of production bel the rich can guzzle up the best of | a whole, Priy I everything. inated, and production is torical changes in social relation- ships, for enormous advances in the living standards and cultural level of the entire laboring popula- tion, and, above all, for the crea- can not be any exploitation of la- bor, a classless Socialist society. Even the capitalist press has been compelled to admit th: indisputably true pic carried on HUNGER SCENES IN U.S. CONTRAST WITH GROWING PROGRESS IN U.S.S.R. ‘Typical “Hooverville,” United States to the other, Hundreds of these exist from one end of the Photo shows families living in shacks silu- ated on “the bottoms” of Trinity River, near Dallas, Texas. This is the \ state from which hails John R. Garner, owner of several banks and De- mocratic candidate for vice-president of the U. 8. The scenes above are typical of the increasing starvation of millions of unemployed workers as the Soviet workers increase their material and cultural standards, The Communist Party of the U. S., together with the Unemployed Councils, ¥® organizing the workers for still more aggressive aeacnn H Is Valuable Study of of supplying the nd of its individ- s. A fundamental aim et system is to abolish economic factors to class antagon- to create @ classless so- y based on socialist forms of omy IN CAPITALIST AMERICA America, society is ing classes: There , headed by the Fords, the Rocke- he Mellons and other cap- and, on the other hand, there is the working class, includ- ing the 15,000,000 jobless and pen- | niless workers, the millions of part- time workers ang the millions of farm laborers and small farmers. According to figures issued by the Federal .Trade Commisson, | ONE PER CENT OF THE POPU- LATION OWNED MORE THAN 60 PER CENT OF THE COUNTRY’S WEALTH, the petty capitalists owned 31 per cent and the great | mass of factory workers; miners, tion of a new society in which there | <ecemaaENRNNN 1:43 A EEINL N ie a aie ae ea ‘oad workers, working farmers working shopkeepers, at least 87 per cent of ion, owned less than 10 of the country’s wealth. ‘ures were issued in 1926, mes were comparatively Today this monopolist own- is even more concentrated. ers and farmers of the nion have, once and for all, put an end to such class dom- ion. ABOLISH UNEMPLOYMENT One of the greatest victories of the Soviet Union is the abolition of capitalist curse of unemploy- There are in the United es more than 15,000,000 jobless cers, many of them literally starving. Freeman describes how by the end of 1930, there was not worker in the Soviet to the planned produc- tribution of goods. Fur- according to Freeman, not be unemployment in ‘m, because there is the purchasing power n people, The more produces, the more consumes, because no capitalist class such as in America to rob the 's of the product of their la- ne Russ In order to preserve its profits, American capitalism fights to maintain the ten and twelve hour y in the steel, mining and textile Ss. In the Soviet Union “the has been progressively reduced 1 it has become the shortest in world. In 1931, the average work day for all factory and mine s 7.02 hours per day. During 1932 it is planned to have 92 per cent of all workers on the seven-hour day, and under the Sec- ond Five Yedr Plan it is intended to establish an average work-day of six hours for all workers,” @Fae Oe IN this country Hoover's stagger plan cuts the number of days of work per worker, and slashes wages at the same time. In the Soviet ion workers’ wages have been ily rising. the f al year 1928-1929,” “real wages were her than in 1913. as an increase in nual wages of all workers of cent, and a further increase per cent in 1931. These fig- ures refer only to direct money wages, and do not tal into ac- count indirect payments which the Soviet worker gets through free medical aid, vacations with pay, low or free rent, educational facilities, free working clothes, and so on which increase the wage by 20 to 35 per cent. If these indirect pay- ments, which were almost non-exe istent before the war, are included. real wages in 1929 were 69 per cent above the pre-war average and the end of 1931 they were at about double the pre-war figure.” In the Soviet Union working class women are no longer the victims of discrimination in wages. The Soviet mother is not murdered by forced labor at the machine as in capitalist countries. The working woman about to become @ mother receives a vacation for two: months before and two months aft~ er childbirth at full wages, All Soviet workers are entitled to high compensation in case of dis- ability due to an industrial aceldent or occupational disease, rej (Continued on Page Four) ,