The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 30, 1932, Page 5

DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, ‘, SULY eth Negro Capitalists and War Preparations By H. M. WICKS Every outrage against Negro work- ers and farmers is accompanied by the most debased grovelling»-before the lynch ruling class on the part of the majority of well-to-do Negroes— editors. preachers, business. men, landlords, doctors, lawyers, ete, The ruling class, in its increasing campaigns to incite lynching or to foment massacres finds willing sup- porters among the leading elements of the Negro bourgeoisie. The leader- ship of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which consists of Negro bourgeoisie and white imperialists, . including such brazen advocates of lynching as Clarence Darrow, are the-best-agents of the ruling class in trying to de- feat the mass struggle for the libera- tion of the framed-up Scottsboro boys. Recently in Chattanooga, Tenn., when two ‘policemen were killed in the Negro underworld and the white ruling class tried to fo- ment massacres against the: Negro working class population, the well-to- do Negro doctors, lawyers and preachers issued statements urging support of the forces of “Jaw and or- der.” This, at a time when policemen in uniform, detectives, deputy sher- iffs and scores of white thugs were riding through Negro neighsorhoods terrorizing men, women and-children. The Negro bourgeoisie joined the | lynch mayor of the city, the county sheriff and the notorious Judge Fleming in trying to connect the Communists with the underworld. ‘This was done to try to bur out in the holocaust of a.massacre of Negro working class neighborhoods that growing unity of action between Ne- gro and white workers against the capitalist offensive. Servants of White. Bosses, Performances of a similar nature are frequent occurrences-throughout the South. In all such outbursts the Negro bourgeoisie are found invari- ' ably fighting on the side of those who try to foment lynch mobs against Negro workers and farmers. The Negro editors and preachers try to keep the Negro and white workers divided and try to conceal’ the class character of lynching and~so-called race riots (which are really_organ- ized massacres) by telling. the Negro workers that it is the white workers who are their enemies and the white capitalists who are their friends. Such poison propaganda is for the purpose of helping the white-ruling class maintain its segregation-policy; a system which ensures the @conomic base of the Negro bourgeoisie, It is this system of segregation, maintain- ed by the ruling class as one of the chief means whereby the frightful pecan of the Negro masses is ried out, that offers tHe Negro eae: sie a chance to thrive by ob- taining a minor share of plunder realised through the exploitation of the vast majority of the Negro popu- lation. Aid In War Plots: The aid of these capitalist lackeys, who try to use their black skins to betray the working class ‘and poor eee of their own race is needed more than ever today by the impe- rjalist ruling class. The capitalist class, that from the beginning of this economic crisis has tried to find a way out by placing the entire burden upon the toiling masses is now preparing to surpass all its other crimes by seeking a way out through imperialist war—a war in which the youfh and young man- hood of this country is to be con- scripted into the imperialist armies and the rest of the working class and poor farming pdpulation is to be con- scripted at hunger rations to produce means of carrying on predatory war- fare, To carry out such a policy the ruling class must try to rally. to its support all forces it can bribe and corrupt. “Loyalty” to Lynch Gov't. * Hence the Negro capitalist and | professional elements, most of whom are stool pigeons for the white bosses among the Negro masses, have the job of trying to persuade Negro workers and farmers to be loyal to the government of Wall Street. It is not proving an easy job. The real part played by the capitalist govern- ment, the unity of city, state and na~ tional government as an instrument of tyranny against our class, is be- coming ever plainer to increasing numbers of Negro and white work- ers, A number of recent attacks against the workers and farmers and resistance to such attacks—Scotts- boro, Camp Hill, Atlanta, Birming- ham, Chicago, Cleveland—have help- ed to expose the class despotism be- hind the mask of capitalist democ- racy, The growing unity of Negro and white workers in the campaigns against lynching and massacres, in the struggle against hunger, in the fight for unemployment and social in- surance, in the fight against forced collection of debts and increased tax- ation. has called forth the most vicious attacks from the Negro capi- talist elements. But everything these servants of capitalism have hitherto attempted is being outstripped by the vile cam- paign they are now carrying on to help the Wall Street gang in its war conspiracies. “Unity” With Lynch Gang Many of the Negro capitalist pa- pers, both in the North and the South, are carrying on campaigns in behalf of “unity” of all elements within the geographical boundaries of the United States—declaring the United States to be one. indivisible whole. To be sure, all capitalists and their agents try to deny the class ‘struggle and demagogically speak of unity of workers and capitalists in a mythi- cal common. national aim, But the Negro editors and other publicists are called upon to emphasize the “terri- torial unity” of the United States. This is an attempt to answer the Communist slogan for self-determin- ation of the Black Belt. At the recent convention of the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People the “national unity” slogan was especial- Children, Too, Must Fight Against Imperialist War! Fathers and Mothers! Fathers and Mothers of the Work- ingelass! On August First, workers of every land will demonstrate againSt--bosses wars, and for the defensé_ 7 the Soviet Union. Children of the workers will de- monstrate with their fathers-and mo- thers in every country in thé world. The August issue of the New Pion- eer cannot appear. We :haye no money to come out this month. And so we ate unable to call upon the children of the workers, through their own organ, the New Pioneer, to demonstrate on August First. They are voiceless. But we can call upon you, the adult workers, to bring your children with you to the demonstrations,’:For wa? feet: terrible suffering for your children as well as for you, just as’ ‘ unemployment means hungry bellies ‘and stunted bodies for your children, death are the wages, for- -fighting for capitalism, Already one ‘child has been a victim of the slow death meted out to those who are’ fighting ‘for what is rightfully theirs, means today! And 20,000 bodies of children, atone, more than were kill- ed on either the Japanese or the Chinese side, were found among the ruins of Chapei. In the United States, over six mil- lion children of workers and. farmers are officially acknowledged to be un- dernourished. With practically fif- teen million workers unemployed and other millions of farmers ruined, the United States government continues to spend hundreds of millions for war preparations and continues to refuse to spend one cent for unemployment insurance. Just the other day, in Ohio, it was announced — that one hundred and thirty-five soup kitchens where hun- gry children would get enough to workers are fighting to feed their children without relief, WAR means even worse condi- tions. WAR means losing fathers, brothers. WAR means hunger and Misery for the children of the work- ing class, The children must be shown this. The children must fight this. Only in the land where “there is cd Only there are preee Tg u [ So RED SOLDIERS FOR DEFENSE OF WORKERS’ F/ ATHERLAND © (E RED ARMY does not need the blind discipline without which no| capitalist army can be held together. Discipline is strong in the Red Army, | but it is the comradely, colective dis- | cipline of people who know what they want, who are linked together by a common ideal, and who are fighting | for their own cause. Socialist com-| petition and the shock-brigade work | which is being practised with such tremendous effect by the workers in the factories is being practised also in the Red Army. Only an army which has risen above mere “blind” discipline can expect its members to show this creative initiative while undergoing training, and, ‘also if ne- cessary, on the field of battle. The Red Army soldier.addresses his superior as “Comtade Commander.” This is not an empty form, not.merely an echo of the great days of October, but an expression, of the actual bond that exists between the soldier and his superior. The latter is the sol- diers’ comrade, because both alike are fighting for the same cause and be- long to the same class—the working class, He is a commander only in respect of his military qualification and personal abilities. He is not a “better man,” or a man of “noble birth. ” Persecution, and the riugh handling of ‘soldiers, particularly recruits—the “sergeant-major” school of discipline which is so mucha feature of capi- talist armies, is unthinkable in the Red- Army. No striking by superiors is permitted; no standing at atten- tion and saluting when off duty re- quired or talerated.. The soldiers are not. cursed at or set against each {are on military service and provides | letariat. other, The Soviet State takes carejone. It means: ‘Our army, as well as of the soldiers’ families while they | our state, is in the hands of the pro- The masses, of the morning jeach soldier with work when it is | population are in power. ended. | no. privileged - classes All these things lend the-Red Army | and peasants. Anybody can occupy strength and an inner force of which | jany post mow. We workers see our bourgeois armies cannot even“dream. | | comrades occupy leading posts. Those |Bourgeois military men understand | leaders are vitally near to us and we that well enough. The “Military | believe that the good of the working Weekly;. a Review of the German | class is their sole aim. The trend of Armed Forces,” of November 25, 1930, ideas is clearly convi cing to every writes as follows on “the inner worth | simple man and must greatly enhance of the Soviet army.” | - jthe feeling of close c ction be- “The Soviet Army calls itself the|tween commanders and their subor- army of workers and peasants. That|dinates. It eliminates the tension title is a programme and, for the | which exists in other armies, in con- plain soldier, am unusually attractive | sequence of the class differences in ‘ 1917 FOR HOME AND COUNTRY BUY “LIBERTY” BONDS. 1932 225,000 Chicago homes News item. sold for taxe: | | | | | | ant | : 1932 “THAT A GOVERNMENT OF THE| 4 ; | 59. 8. A.” says form |PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE, FOR}, erie: Lakes aes |THE PEOPLE, SHALL NOT.PER- | “™mbassador Gerard.—News item ISH FROM THE EARTH'— : 1932 BUY “LIBERTY” BONDS 1917 TO MAKE THE WORLD A DECENT PLACE TO LIVE IN— Bonus Army lives in mud fiats. Child of marchier dies from starva- tion.—News item. i | a BUY “LIBERTY” BONDS tk teu 20,000 Los Angeles school children | SAVE YOUR. CHILD FROM | lose city food support. Ci BUY “LIBERTY”. BONDS _| News items. ALL OUT AUGUST FIRS' | INTERNATIONAL DAY AGAINST IMPERIALIST WAR— | i + jall milit RED ARMY AND ITS DISCIPLINE We must We fighting demagogic wn workers jorigin of officer: nd men. es ee that fact | the Red Army,| into a trench or st the material, outward privileges of} he: them comir the officer, particularly of the higher} upon him unay ‘ offic | soldier, are fewer than in other coun- tries. The difference in the salaries jof the various grades is very small, | the salaries of the higher staff is, | ‘ding to our standards, very low. he effect of the ideas described | | above, is confirmed by the fact that | according to information on hand, a rather | introduced again in the Red Army }....A revolutionary army, which is | still under the impression of the oy- erthrow and removal of all leaders, | Shieh still feels itself to be a revolu- | tionary army and not, like ours, the |upholder of old traditions. | “This shows how hasty are the judgments of those who- so lightly refuse to attack any importance to | the Soviet Army.” ‘The careful militarist pains to keep an unbjased mind, 's against those who “refuse to importance” to the Red The men of the Red Army, r, feel t they are invincible know that, in the event intervention, they will have to fight against armies whose ers will understand, or instinct- iv ly feel, that they are obliged to ¢ their own interests, and |e the side of their exploiters and class enemics, in the most criminal of ty adventures. | prote: attack any ly emphasized, along with the decep- tive talk about “American democracy” and “political freedom” as opposed to dictatorship (the speech of Spin- garn.) Far from exposing the ruling class democracy as a vicious dicta- torship under which the most -fright- gul excesses are carried out against the Negro and white masses, the Ne~ gro bourgeoisie tries to deny the ex- istence of that monstrous dictator- ship, that class tyranny that express- es itself in increasing lynch terror against the Negro workers and farm- ers. The thought of masses of Negro and white workers joining with the revolutionary vanguard of the prole- tariat in a fight against imperialist war strikes terror into the whole cap- italist class. And when, as a part of the campaign against imperialism, in connection with the growth of the revolutionary movement .-among the industrial workers, the capitalist class realizes that we Communists have seized upon one of the most unstable links in their imperialist chain, and have raised the slogan of self-deter- mination for the Negro majority of the Black Belt to the point of seces- geois lackeys to aid-in their campaign against it, by initiating crusades. in defiance of the lynch ruling class and its predatory government. But ‘all the talk of these mercen- fines of the territory now embraced ders of the United States there is a subject nation, with a Negro majority —the Black Belt—that cuts through @ number of state boundaries. Organize for Action” In waging our campaign against imperialist war we must intensify many fold our work among this ma- jority in the Black Belt. We must tirelessly and emphatically explain to the Negro masses that the same lynch gang that tortures and enslaves them here is an accomplice in the murder- that Japan is carrying on against China; that the imperialist ruling class of this country is one of the chief conspirators in the war and in- tervention drive against the Soviet Union. How this work of mobilizing the on the land can be effectively carried out is set forth in the Resolution for the Fourteenth Plenum of the Cen- tral Committee, held last month. The broad outlines for this work are stated as follows in the resolution: (a) The popularization of the full Communist program on the Negro question in connection with the par- tial struggles on every day demands and events; (b) through populariza- tion of the solution of the national question in the Soviet Union, social- ist construction in the autonomous Soviet Republics, mobilizing the broad masses for defense of the Soviet Union; (c) broadening the recruiting of Negro workers in the Party and, way of.mobilizing Negro work trade unions, making: red unions the} a: common struggle ‘side by real channels of Negro work; (d) a| white broad campaign within the Party as/|portant seaports—New Orleans, well asin mass organizations against bile and Norfolk. Although white chauvinism and all “forms of | faint beginnings are an improvement jim-crow’ practices, ruthlessly exter-| over the past, they are still pitifully minating within the Party, not only | insufficient when we compare them ts in with Mo- workers in a number of im-) these | 8 the open, but also the half-hidden and conciliatory forms; (e) carrying out some concrete measures guaran- teeing the next half-year or year period for a real penetration of the in the Black Belt; (f) dramatization an outstanding issue in the election Black Belt, building the Party and | mass organizations (first of all, trade unions) for work -among the Negroes | of the demand for equal rights as! with ‘the tremendously. favorable ob- jective conditions and the massive |responsibility that the swift onrush |of imperialist war imposes upon us. It is in such places that decisive ac- out—the mobilization of Negro and white Jongshoremen.‘and seamen in munitions and other war material to | Japan, France ang to the European tions against war must be carried} a struggle to. stop the shipments of | sion, they call upon their Negro baur- |. aries about unity within ‘the con-|.. by the’ capitalist state power cannot | hide the fact that within the bor- ous war of pillage and mass. slaughter |- Negro masses in the industries and|: program. Already there are indications of definite organizational results in the vassal states bordering the Soviet Union. In the war industries of the South, A “Home” i in the Deepest Sosth ! Working: from sun-up to sun-down, the Negro ‘share croppers live in such hovels as this. One mattress, two broken chairs, an old oil lamp and lard pail covers for dishes complete this “home.” LITERATURE AMMUNITION FOR THE AUGUST FIRS ‘CAMPAIGN THE ACTUALITY OF WAR. ‘Chapel in Flames ......+...sss0s Cdaeseeeereseneres 05 Japanese Imperialism Stripped (The Secret. Dacument of Premier Tanaka on the designs against the Soviet Union ... THE FORCES BEHIND THE Racldatiaad STRUGGLE War in China, by Ray Stewart ....... Soviet China, by M. James and R. Doonping . THE STRUGGLE AGAINST PACIFISM | Revolutionary Struggle Against War Versus Pacifism by A. Bittelman THOROUGH IDEOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING AND “THE STRUGGLE . AGAINST SOCIAL DEMAGOGY ‘Towards Revolutionary Mass Work (Containing the anti-war resolution of the 11th Plenum of the E. C. C. 1.) ..... 10 War and the Second International, Little Lenin Library Series ...20 Socialism and War, Little Lenin Library Series 15 The Struggle Against Imperialist War and the Taks of the Com- .munists (Sixth World Congress Resolution) 10 THE STRUGGLE OF THE VETERANS Veterans, Close Ranks .... DEFENSE OF THE SOVIET UNION ‘The Soviet Union Stands for Peace, by M. Litvinov vee Ol ‘The Soviet’s Fight for Disarmament (Containing Comrade Litvin- ov’s speeches at Geneva, with an introduction by Comrade ORGANIZATIONAL Lunacharsky particularly in the steel mills-of Bir- tain burgh of the South) masses of gro and white workers must be or- nized into the Metal Workers’ In- dustrial Union. In the: very complicated situation in the South the.success, Ole work depends upon @ inctioning of our Communist Party as the lead- ing and co-ordinating force in the organization and struggle of the Ne- {gro masses in industry and on the land. Camp Hill—A Beacon Light In the actual. penetration of the Black Belt the events in Camp Hill showed the tremendous revolutionary possibilities involved in the struggle | cainst the tyranny of the land- lords. There, as elsewhere, the Ne- gro lackeys of the boxaep, especially a number of ‘preachers, tried to break the resistance of the croppers, with the result-that these worthies were forced to seek other fields of ac- tivi : The. political and. organizational experiences of Camp Hill, croppers’ struggle—must be applied to our work of penetration of the Black Belt. In connection with all our work among the Negro masses there must} proceed the detailed, relentless ex- posure of the infamous role of the Negro capitalist elements whose job today is to try to tie the Negro mass- és to the hunger and war_machine| of American imperialism, Seething Unrest in Black Belt | Our meagre experience already! shows us that the fight against im-| perialist war will meet with response from the Negro masses in important industries. In the Black Belt we} must not hesitate to energetically carry on the fight against imperialist war as an inseparable part of the work of organizing the masses on the Jand to struggle against starvation, and, at the same time, organizing definite separate anti-war acuons, places, such as the Negro neighbor-} hoods near Camp Hill, the white rul- ing class, their sheriffs and police,! dare not venture at night. The South- ern press maintains a conspiracy of silence on the many spontaneous and very frequently individual outbursts against the lynch terror of the white ruling class. In such a situation there are tremendous opportunities for effective revolutionary work, cspe- cially now, in carrying on the fight against imperialist war, directed against the same ruling class that so savagely enslaves, tortures and lynches Negro workers and farmers. In the deepest South this struggle against war will stimulate the move- ment toward the agrarian revolution, the confiscation of the land of the big landlords for the Negro and white On page 29, in the Literature Section of this issue of the Party Or- ganizer, is an article telling how these pamphlets should be used in all anti-war activity. tenants and croppers, and for the right of self-determination—a Negro state in the Black Belt. ¥, as compared with those of the | stern discipline has been | who takes] n (coiréectly described as the} of the tenant farmers and share crop- | | pers the share | ’ (The Poison Gas Weapon in Modern Warfare introduction of Ge poison gas aarks a far more important rev- olution in warfarethan even the in- vention of gunpowdi Gas can kill—sile sw surely. It can disable men and cause horrible wounds that months to heal. Gas can cav ture and anguish lasting for or the most intense < can be induced for a few minutes only. Old methods of military defense are against gas. But the tage that gas has o' the older weapons lies in its psy chological effect, lies in its @ crumple che morale of the r na Gene. and disciplined troor Sire mst b concc ut2ations gerous and less, the so d to “uns himself pned and Ise hours from nades y di ng best tection that has been in- and omforr | able and only adds to the effect of gas in breaking down mor The militarist of the traditional | Schcol thought that the only way to win a war was to kill the enemy Experience has shown that it is more effective, for instance, to burn your opponent with mustard gas, this not only removes him from active service for anything from } one to six months but it requires elaborate and expensive care hospital behind the lines. | need only be buried. Poison gases are those organic chemicals that are particularly ei- body. The number of gases which are really effective and can be pro- duced in large quantities on a large scale is Comparatively small and it is important to bear this in mind when reading th2 scare stories that | the discovery of a new gas so pow- erful that “four drops will wipe out an army.” On the whole then, despite the fact that highly trained chemists are making great efforts to develop | New gases, it is practically certain will_be used ‘will bethose that were tried and proved in the last im- perialist slaughter. All gases may be classified into groups on the basis of what they do to human beings. First there | are the lethal gases that kill, then tear gases (lachrymators), sneezing and vomiting gases - (sternutators), gases that burn the- skin (vesi- fants). Often, of course, the-prop- erties of a gas overlap so that a gas may attack the nose and throat as well as the skin, or the eyes “as well as the lungs. Lethal gases kill by being drawn -into ‘the lungs and acting both by direct poisoning and by causing in- tense congestion of the lungs. ‘Tear gases cause intense pain in the eyes but are not poisonous in the concentrations necessary to produce blinding - tears. Indeed, | in the coming war. the gases that | | though had to e victim was- th th some much -more These gases cause n and irritation of the and respiratory chan- are mostly arsetic com- are not only stermuta- produeing nic pdison- Th pounds d nd ad- lems than all the is combined. Man's nose and throat be protected by a good S but how can the blisteri and burning of the skin, even thru chen and ¢ yes, could mask clothes, be protected? in | A corpse | fective in damaging the human | | circulate from time to time about | Mustard gas, the most important vesicant, pene es the cells of the skin and causes intense irrif&tion and the formation of deep*-and painful blisters. The lightest burns require several weeks to heal ‘hile serious ones last for médnths. Wherever thereis. moisture * from perspiration as under the arm-pits and in the crotch mustard gas at- tacks more easily. Yet despite:its terrible severity, mustard wagshas considerable delay action. It thas no immediate effect on the eyes or throat, but a few hours afterwards the victim will be absolutely blind for a period of many wezks..- Be- cause o fits deadly action and ‘be- 2 it is effectiveness-at coneen- t that cannot be detected, mustard gas is the most effectivejof all gases in breaking down méfale. In addition to its burning prop- erties, mustard gas is one of the most poisonous of all war gases. In the next war its terribly toxic effects will be more fully utilized by'placing a Jarge charge of: high explosive in the shell which ‘will spread it as a very fine spray, thus the victim will draw into his lungs in one or two breaths enough to kill him, ‘This type of shell was very effectively used in the ‘last months of the last war. ad Such are the weapons that are to be used in the war that is now developing from Manchuria, that they could now be used on a “fifty times greater, fifty times more deadly scale than they were, in 1914-1918 is certain. It is equally certain that only the working clgss can prevent another world slaugh- ter. But the enemy of the wotk- ing class is not war, but the capi- talist system that is breeding War. That war is a function of capital- ism, the workers in all countries ate beginning to see. To prevent war we must prevent capitalism func- tioning, by smashing it. Only thén can we build a socialist sociefy in which the causes of wars catinot exist. Ss By EDWARD A. STEV: the General Electric, ers’ Delegation to the Soviet Union, Russian workers, at meetings or | speaking privately to them, how they tion to them, “We see the Soviet Union is spending so much money on ery abroad, etc.; wouldn't you rather have some more things for yourselves, | new clothes, radios, or the like?” And | the answer would invariably be, “Oh, no; we certainly prefer our Govern-| ment to buy more machines. rather see the Five Year Plan com- pleted we shall have plenty of things for ourselves after that!” | That sort of spirit the delegation ‘Throughout the whole Black Belt |found everywhere on ‘thelr travels there is seething unrest. In many| ‘through the Soviet Union; the en- |thusiasm of the workers, their de- up production, exceed the quotas | assigned, was absolutely contagious. | And with it all the living standarg of the workers is continuously rising. When their present conditions are | compared with what they were al year ago or five years ago, not to speak of what it was before the Rev- olution, they are certainly living in better houses, dressing better, eat- ing more, their children are better | taken care of both physically and| Gulturally, than at any time before; | and what is true of the workers in the cities is also true of the collec- unemployment, vacation with pay, which they spend sent there by the F.S.U. When the) Delegation returned, Trainor told this | story: The delegates: would ask the| benefits under the Soviet system. “ lived, what they earned, etc. and) occasionally they would put this ques- | We'd) Alex Trainor, electrical worker of|the same wages as men; Schenectady, | plete equality of the sexes as there is was chairman of the May Day Work- | complete equality among various’ 1a- tive farmers. | Soviet workers have social insur-| branch of the work of the F. ance, which guarantees them against |of particular importance as it’ accidents, old age. | directly They receive from two to four weeks | international solidarity between. a se03 at rest homes that were formerly re-| masses. New Workers Delegation to - Soviet Union, No November 7 served for the rich. Women are paid there is-com- tionalities; no matter if a worker. is black or white or brown, Jew or Gen- tile or Mohammedan—all enjoy equal Workers’ Delegations, such as- the one sent to the Soviet Union on’ the occasion of the May First celebratién, are organized by the Friends of the |Soviet. Union in the United States twice @ year. At the present “tiine building new plants, buying machin-| the F. 8, U. is organizing a delegation for November 7, to join with delega- \tions from other countries in the¢él- Jebration of the 15th Anniversary of | the Revolution, at Moscow. . =, Recognizing the close connectién between the defense of the Sovitt Union and the defense of the sork- ers’ interests in the U.S. AS the Friends of the Soviet Union actively enters into all the workers’ eda! against exploitation and oppressian, |against lynchings of Negro workets, |against deportation bills and ci | termination to complete plants, speed | ist terror, against white guard:com- spiracies and capitalist. discrimina- tion. In pursuance of its policy of Waitt lers’ solidarity the F. 8. U. sponsors |delegations of American workerR to the Soviet Union. In the campaigns for such delegations, the F. 5/*¥. enters into close contact with pro- gressive and revolutionary’ trade | unions as well as with the politi backward locals of the A. F. ‘of, re and unorganized w -rkers, It. ors to develop -mass campaigns: the election and endorsemenf> workers’ delegates by thousands.c workers in the basic industries, to strengthen the ” American workers and the | ohn 2a