The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 27, 1930, Page 4

Page Four Guns. By L, A. DE SANTES.~ The story deals with a miners’ trike which’ takes place in Paint reek, West Virginia, in 1932, Gret opes that her miner father, Kep- ard, who has scabbed in previous trikes, will redeem his record by ianding by the miners this time. ohn, one of the young miners’ raders, and a rival of Harry’s for iret’s affection, has told her about fe plans of the National Miners’ dil and Smelters’ U Gret's oung -brother, Joey, comes home tom the mine with the news that soops are being brought in. The la grandmother begins to recall he earlier strikes and the horrors f{ Ludlow. There is sound of an xplosion and hurried knocking on he door. Now go on with the story. 4 g ion. “ Seahean oo H, it is Harry “Like me better now, Gret? n on my way to the mines and "e.only got a minute to say ello?” ‘But that uniform—and the rifle!” “¥es, we go on duty at once and haven’t got time to explain—I've rt to be going. now.’ Harry attempted to*hug Gféta; but e withdre “What dt “Why, strike 1. We got | ord that the miners join the gen- al strike at 1 o'clock t te “Yes, that’s true, but you office orkers are not against the min .. That uniform means the mur- Ting of coal digger: ake it of ywre good dooking enough to get yur women without it.” “But I'll get co’ martialed seut to Fort ——' “No greater honor could be yours— >ppard scabbed the last strike—his i ther was killed doing the same. ho’s his friend? None but com- ny dicks, rot-gut and whores. The mpany office workers got to be on e picket line with the miners and and reir wives. It’s time. we did some ghting, together, against the bosses ad their slave system—for the lings they enjoy that should belong > us—to all workers and farmers ho feed clothe and shelter the orld. Take it off, I tell you. If du don’t you'll be called upon to aoot your own flesh and blood or 2 killed. We mean to fight—to in!” “You wouldn't shoot your own ‘lends, Harry?” “Why, Gret, I wasn't told there'd 2 any shooting, just sort of keep the eace.” “Guns were made to kill, andavhere here’s guns there can’t be peace— ot for long. They've fooled you as hey’ve fooled every other young-gen= | -Yation-and- when you -lead | ~héy'll cover you with glory | ix feet- of it—more th you'll ever own while alive. Yo: Mies | Outside-mechine guns barked. “There's some of your peace and | “Il bet there wasn't boss on the seceiving end either—not yet.” ‘YEPPARD . came. in, slammed. the Goor shut and threvé the boR—=+ “Hello E: ie f; to John, he ee | “Didia hoa- the shooting? Ireckon | they got a o’ them ‘red nécks. . , F e2me in cause I heard the bul- tets a over me head .... and a cr roarin’ down the ra- vine this vey. The cebin vibrated to pounding feet. Voices thundered closer. The and Marching Men ILY WORKER, RK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27,1930 NEW YO. “MINERS—T: John?” “Make you write your own sen- tence: Gun in hand—with con- G John for prefe headed to 5 doo: t ait!” Confounded itated, waited. Gret snatch- -a rifle. “I'm going with you, John” One kiss and the darkness claimed them. The miner's cabin was quiet with death, despair, hate. Keppard’s eyes were still where Gret had been—, “She hates me now..She called me a yellow dog . . .My own Gre’ Nervour despa: combe his hair. of feet mi d his hing down his banding knees—to his son’s body. “He hated me too. . . But God damn their souls I hate them all— Everybo A f shook tow: He turned on Harry. “Ya aint no better than me....If I am a scab you are his keeper and protector.... they'll hate ya like they hate me -+.-We'll be pals together, Ha. Ha. you won't look them in the eye.... you'll be feeling like I do.,..like a rat.... with nothin but hate for ya ‘ds the mines. ‘in the face of everyone ya mect.... when what ya be wantin is friend- ship....well....anyhow I got the old woman——But she'll be remind me what it is to be a scab—an a skunk —ana ‘Yes; yes I am; what of © YOUR POSTS it! The wind from Keppard’s shaking fist raised Harry’s hair. Keppard’s voice shook the cabin, in a vain ef- fort to prevent the collapse of his no-longer menacing bulk. His mind was a court, himself the judge, jury and accused. The prosecutors? He shut his eyes, and shrunk into a chair. Harry saw and understood, what not to be. The miners, were on the march. The strike song, “Solidarity Forever” came in ‘hrough the broken window pane. Louder and louder came the firm tread of marching feet. “Solidarity .... Solid ranks.... Harry looked at the dead, then at the living Keppard. .He’d chance death. He took off his hat, coat, and with a firm grasp on his rifle, reached for a miner’s cap and rushed off into the darkness. Solid- arity forever was to be his compass. Keppard, judged once more, also grabbed for a rifle and rushed to the door. There he stopped. Would the miners reverse their julgment of him? Would they let him look in their faces, as a comrade, sing “Solidarity” with them, at last? He stood uncertainly, his hand on the door. Outside, “Solidarity” thundered on. Miners’ feet marched solidly, bent on batile and a victory ahead. By BENICE MICHAELSON, | IN a hall downtown, warmed by a coal stove, walls decorated with How i ‘EW members join. They are timid, some of them, about being able to sell the “Daily.” eabin door vattled as fists pounded revolutionary posters and cartoons, | Periences of. older members reassure its planks 2 Mrs. Kepns: the sounds, and bezan to recall once | More the past. “Open the door..” | “They raped her first”. | “The guards shot him”. | “John, where is John?” “The miners are on the rise.” “Up rainers, make way,’ make way”. “Open the door”. “It’s little Nancy and Joey”. | John threw the bolt and knocked | the Jatch vp with a hard fist. Coal diggers entered silently, with the soft tread of ti: Jewish, Swedish, some young, some | | old, Negro and white—gathered last | subway. Sunday afternoon. Their talk is} lively, enthusiastic. “Sold 75 today.” “I got a good corner. “Where are you?” “having | |bad luck?” “Come along with me.| Tl show you how to sell ’em.” | It’s the Red Builders News Club | holding their Hot Dog Jamboree in| their headquarters, 27 East 4th St. in | New York, They meet here every) nd fought for the latch, |8° Unemployed workers — Italian,| them, apparently. “All you got to-do _ eroused, shuddered at Spanish, American, Russian, Irish, | is yell what's in the paper. They'll buy it.” “Been selling mine in the Two newsies selling the capitalist papers picked a fight be- cause I was taking their business away. I licked ’em both.” “First day I stood on the corner and didn’t open my mouth. Now I use my lungs and the papers go like hot cakes.” One charter member, who reached the 500-a-week mark explains quiet- ly, out of his experience selling in front of a Sixth Ave. employment Hard muscles gently | Sunday to exchange their experiences | agency: “The reason more people| bore Joey and Nancy in. Blood was|@nd to discuss new ways to boost | don’t buy the paper is they haven't running over Joey's coal-smeared face. John lifted’the. dying boy to) the 60,000 circulation campaign of | the Daily Worker. | Most of them have never sold newspapers before. They had their | | own trades and their jobs: seamen, | his lap. “Who, Joey, who?” * “The guards....were layin’ on ‘er.. and I.... was....” The masses crowded the cabin. The children outside pressed ' their noses flat to the window. Watching Joey dies they stood-stlent, volcanltn a. tIteveas the guards... The finks. The bosses. The slave- driveis. St a | » Was the new.union prepared? John | ealled- out, “To your posts. . Sound | the alarm. Picket. the. roads.” ©The} masses, a solid rock of strength pushed further’ into the cabin, while those delegated-by John went to give the alarm. « ’ komething I:as happei.ed to old Mrs. ‘Keppard. Her-.up-turned face was now full of wonder; hope, love and awe. She has pulled her bent body up and stands with hands out- stretched, trembling, gasping. The miners listen to her, wordless, still. * “Mother. ..mother?....yes, I remem- ber you mothef-.T heard you in pai:t creek..cabin creek. Ludlow... I hear you now..yes..yes, I hear you Mother Jones:., Solidarity.. Solid ss fei Shoulder to shoulder. .Blow- -blow.. we are many.. they are ... You (points to miners) and you! ahd you!.. you know what to do. and this time Keppard.. you too!" * John kicked’ #'Wase-board. ‘The | gaped guts.’ Fach miner was bry nis rifle. The miners, now pre- ed, marchetf-td ‘thelr. tasks; fore- months, perhaps years’ ahead, of workers’ self-defense tn each eye. Harty;the tin food workers, copper miners, me-| | chanics, bricklayers, metal workers, | \Jaborers. But with the pricked | bubble of Wall Street “prosperity” | | came wholesale firings and lay-off: | and with lay-offs came the vain| | Search for jobs and bread. INTO the Unemployed Councils these workers were drawn—from the breadlines, from blood-sucking employment agencies,, from the streets. They were early taught the lesson of organization and the value of solidarity. And from this Unem- ployed Council came men and boys who are now spreading among. work- ers the most powerful instrument against wage-cuts and lay-offs, and for immediate unemployment relief —the Daily: Worker. Bika 3, 6 ‘The meeting is called to order, A chairman is elected: Two Negroes are chosen secretary and sergeant- at-arms. Here, white workers feel areal unity with their black brothers. Prizes are given out to those who reach the week’s quota. Picture of Lenin and Stalin are awarded. Next, week's prize will be a gold hammer and sickle. The newsboys look pleased. But one, a middle-aged worker, appears disappointed. “Com- rades. This prize( of a hammer and sickle) is all right, but it’s not enough. ‘We need education. We need jeducation. We need books to read}-to learn.” The question is settled. A gold hammer and the 3c. In the old days, when you hand them a paper for nothing, they'd look at you fishy-eyed. Too bad we can’t hand out so many free papers now. They'd take them, all right.” Se Recess for "15 minutes. Steaming hot dogs and tea. More talk. More experiences exchanged. But talk isn’t enough. The newsboys volunteer to | to-house canvassing for subscriptions. “Comrades,” suggests one of the youngest members, comrades to go together, so if one out.” via an open air meeting of the Un- “Free Employment Bureau,” alike.” spread and intensive do these news- that they are starting a campaign for funds for a Red Builders News Club Home—not the type of Mr. meetings, classes, reading rooms, and proletarian sociability. For these newsboys do not stop at selling the Daily Worker. They are preparing themselves to strengthen the power of the working-class out of which they come, and to join in the fight may always be exchanged for|in the revolutionary .movement to| thel But the ex-| | cover given territories with house- | “we need two doesn’t understand the language of the worker, the other might help ‘The speaker, by the way, ar- rived at the Red Builders News Club employed Council where he had gone after fruitless visits to the Tammany One Negro comrade who had built up a route in his neighborhood, urges a white comrade to go along with him. “That will show that the Daily Worker is for black and ‘white folks ‘The Red Builders News Club is not a fleeting organization. So wide- boys intend to direct their activity Zero’s “paradise,” but a center for “STRIKE”—A Nove About Gastonia REVIEW BY MYRA PAGE Strike, by Mary Heaton Vorse, Hor- ace Liveright, $2.50. «Q@TRIKE” has a great theme—the | Gastonia days of April and May,| 1929. Mrs. Vorse, as an eye-witness | of these momentous days, as well as | the happenings in Marion and Eli- zabethton, has written the first novel dealing with the class struggle in the new south. Yet the book for all its merits, can | not measure up to its theme. The strength of the book lies in its “raw material,” its weakness in its non- revolutionary approach. After drawing a vivid picture of the southern mill scene, and the sharp divisions which exist between the aristocratic mill-owners and the “hands” who live on the hill, the au- thor has been wise enough to let the workers tell the incidents of the strike in their own colorful words. As a matter of ‘fact, the story almost tells itself, and it is to Mrs. Vorse’s credit that she realizes this. Recent- ly, I had occasion to re-read through my file of clippings on the southern strikes, and I was struck by the close similarity between them, even down | to the smallest details, and the in- | cidents as reported in the book. As a good journalist, Mrs. Vorse knew first-hand material when she saw it, and utilized it almost verbatim, In so far as the author has followed the chronicle of actual events and also has let the workers tell the story, | the book has a vitality and realism | that has no equal in a novel dealing with American working class life. The | mill hands’ poverty and resentment of their exploitation by domineering | mill barons, their militancy breaking | through old habits of patience and endurance, their indignation at the “laws” with their “baynits,” their newly aroused sense of solidarity and power, their bitter determination to go on until a new life is won—are all there. | If the author had just been able | to carry her plan through, of letting the striking workers speak through her, and had merged the whole in |a revolutionary syhthesis, the result | would have been a masterpiece. Un- | fortunately, this she was not able to do. The mill hands are not allowed | to tell the whole story, and the phil- | osophy which the author expresses, | for all her sympathy with labor's cause—is one that is largely foreign to workers, even those in the first | stages of class-consciousness. The role of the Communists, A. F. | of L., and the “labor progressives,” | as Hoffman, Ross, and Tippet, in the| southern strikes, the international support of revolutionary labor, are all omitted. The whole question of inter-racial relations and the first steps made at Gastonia toward the solidarity of Negro and white work- ers in the south is not even men- tioned. What considerations deter- mined these omissions? Furthermore, Mrs. Vorse identifies the leadership of the Gastonia and Marion strikes (!) in the person of Fer, whom she. makes an honest but wavering lad who has no clear idea of where or how to lead. This leads to worse than confusion, which only a liberal will attempt to excuse:on | the’ basis that Strike is “fiction.” Fer, | as described by the author, lacks the | confidence (so essential in a leader, and never wanting in a true revol- | utionist), in the militancy and qpower | of endurance of the striking mill- hands. This is'a recurrent, discord- ant note throughout the book, which finds expression in such sentences, as the following, “Fer at this moment | didn’t believe in his workers” (p. 149). The author lets her pacifism get away from her, and makes the lead- ers exalt what was a temporary tac- tic, based on the needs of the im- mediate situation, of not carrying arms to the picket line, into a general principle for labor. The principle of workers’ right of self-defense, which the events leading to the trial rasied, is not once mentioned. | By such omissions and confusions, | Mrs. Vorse has robbed her story of its larger political significance. In con- sequence, Strike has suffered from both the ideological and literary points of view. Mrs. Vorse utilizes the old device of having a sympathetic outsider, in this case.a reyiorter by the name of Roger, come to cover the strike, and lets him give the slant to the whole book. Obviously Roger is the author. His lack of revolutionary clarity and perspective is summed up in the con- iaS nagil> = ret Workers Demonstrate in Moscow Against War Danger. —By GROPPER BATTLE CRY OF THE BOLSHEVIK By CLYDE R. PROTSMAN, We are the lowly folk, scorned of the earth, Ours is the wretched hut, cold is our hearth; You are the mighty folk, noble your birth— Foe to the laborer, friend to the rich! Should we, unfortunate, ask you for bread— Laugh at us, jeer at us, curse us instead! Turn us out wandering, cold and unfed— Foe to the laborer, friend to the rich! Look to your deeds, O' you selfish and strong! Loosen your strangle hold, lest you go wrong; Long have we borne with you, witness how long— Foe to the laborer, friend to the rich! Ours is the cause that shall never be dead! Ours is the ire from which nations have fled! Ours is the sword that hangs over your head, Foe to the laborer, friend to the rich. This is our battle-cry, let it ring out; This is our battle-cry, facing about, This is our battle-cry storming redoubt— Up with the laborer, down with the rich! The Cry for Bread (A CHILDREN’S STORY) By HELEN KAY [ANE put her head on the desk. It felt heavy and dull. She was weak and sick. Her stomach was so empty. It seemed to gnaw and cry, “Please put some bread and butter into me. If you don’t I'll keep on being empty, and I'll gnaw and gnaw, and make your head ache until you do.” Jane started to dream of eating bread and butter . . . huge hunks of it. Just imagine you could sit and eat it and eat it for: hours. Bread and butter. Such nice hot smelly bread, with the melted butter stream- ing from the sides. “Jane,” suddenly called a harsh voice. “What do you think this is? A sleeping room? You'll kindly sit up and listen to what I have to say. If tomorrow weren’t Christmas I'd keep you after school for inattention. You'll sit up hereafter.” “Yes, ma’am,” answered Jane. But she couldn’t pay attention. She imagined that she saw the tall spin- ster lady turn suddenly into a huge loaf of bread. How big it looked and how she would love to get a piece. But it seemed to keep out of Jane’s reach. It refused to be eaten. “No, my child, I am not for you. You can’t buy me.” ‘Then again it turned back into the bespectacled teacher . . . talking away. Jane put her elbow on the desk cluding paragraphs of the book: | Yes, thought Roger, that’s the answer. “We (the workers, M. P.) jes’ gotta go on.” We can’t help ourselves. They are a part of a flowing stream of workers. They had no choice in the matter. They had to go on. And he had to go on, too. He had lost his own class, he could never belong in their class of the workers. He was without coun- try now, and yet wherever they went, whatever their destination might be, he had to go with them. This is the point of view of the fellow-traveler, the questioning out- sider, writing, about workers but not for workers, but primarily for mid- die class readers. The device of Rogers or the “college student” or “richman’s son” coming to study labor has been utilized by all such writers from Upton Sinclair on. These shortcomings of “Strike” make it impossible to agree with Mike Gold’s enthusiastic statement that “It is a masterpiece of the new pro- letarian literature.” The old debate about what constitutes proletarian literature still rages, and will for sometime to come, but at least one and placed her cheek in the palm of her hand, her eyes glued to the lady's | face. “I wonder what she is saying,” she said to herself. “Her mouth keeps, moving up and down all the time.” Jane felt the eyes of the class room turned on her. But she kept looking at the teacher. Finally she realized that the teacher was talking to her. “Jane, I’ve told you again and again to pay more attention to the discus- sion. You'll kindly leave the room until you can do so.” ete ‘HE hungry little girl arose, and walked out of the room. “Oh, if I could only have one little piece of bread and butter to keep my tummy from groaning so.” She walked into the cloakroom, put. on her coat and hat, and started home. Out of the school building and down the main street where the stores were just full of toys walked Jane. .The red and green crepe paper shrieked a “Merry Christmas.” She passed a fruit stand and watched with wide eyes, the display of fruits in the cold month of December. “If I only had one little piece of bread.” She passed the bakery. The signs read, “Order your Christmas pudding early.” Her nostrils quivered at the refreshing odor of baking cakes and bread. Tears started to stream down her little face. Down the narrow street Jane walked toward her home. The Russia Shows India the Way, Says Tagore, Noted Indian Poet Tagore, the well-known Indian poet, who is of course, not a Com- munist, realizes the significance of present cultural developments in the Soviet Union. However, he does not understand that such develop- ments were made possible only by the proletarian revolution, and the active support of the workers’ and peasants’ state. Only as these con- ditions are likewise fulfilled in In- dia, and British imperialism driven out, can such educational develop- ments take place there.—Editor. URING the recent visit of Rabin- dranath Tagore to the Soviet Union, arranged through the Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, a meeting was held in his honor at the House of Trade Unions, at which the Indian poet expressed his impressions of Soviet education in the following words: “I am highly honored at the in- vitation to appear in this hall and I am grateful to Dr. Petrov for the kind words he has said about me. I am thankful to your people for giv- ing me the opportunity of knowing this country and experiencing the great work which the people are do- ing in this land. “My mission in life is education. I believe that all problems, human problems, find their fundamental solution in education. And outside of my own vocation as a poet I have accepted this responsibility to edu- cate my people as much as lies in my power to do. I know that all the evils from which my land suffers are solely owing to the utter lack of edu- cation of the people. “Our poverty, pestilence, the com- munal strife and industrial back- wardness of India, in fact all that makes our life perilous, are simply owing to the meagerness of educa- tion. And this is the reason why in spite of my advanced age and my weak health I gladly accepted the invitation cffered to me to see how you are working out this great prob- lem of education. I have admired, and I have envied you all the great opportunities which you have in this country. You all And I have seen, | dition in India is know that our ¢9 very similar to pe sin this country. Ours is an agri€utural population in India and it is in need of all the help and encouragement that you have needed in this country. You know how precarious is a living which exclusively. depends upon agriculture and so how utterly necessary it is for the cultivators of the soil to have education, Upstate methods of producing crops,in order to meet the increasing demaYids of life. “Our people are. living on the verge of perpetual famine and do not know how to help this;-because they have Tost their faith} and confidence in their own humanity. This is the greatest misfortune of that great people, 300,000,000 men and women burdened with ;profound ignorance and helplessness; 5 “So I came to'this land to see how you tackle this ‘problem, you who have struggled against the incubus of ignorance, superstition and apathy which were onc® prevalent in this }land among thé! workingmen and peasantry. The?‘little that I have | seen has convinced me of the marvel- ous progress that’ has been made, the miracle that has been achieved. “How the mental attitude of the people has been changed in such a | short time is -difficult for us to re- alize, we who live in the darkest shadow of ignorance and incom+ petence. It. gladdens my heart to know that the people, the real peo- ple who maintain the life of society are not deprived of their own rights and that they-enjoy an equal share of all the advantages .of a socialist community. “And I dream of the time when it will be possible for that ancient land of Aryan civilization also to enjoy the great boon of education and equal opportunity for all the people. I am thankful-to you all who have helped me in--visualizing in a con+ crete form the-dream which I have been carrying for a long time in my mind, the dredm of emancipating the people’s minds’ which have been shackled for ages. For this I thank you.” ‘HE jury of awards appointed to judge the First Olympiad of the Arts of the Peoples of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics held dur- ing the summer in Moscow has pub- lished its conclusions. Altogether seventeen national theatres and eth- nographic, instrumental and vocal ensembles and choruses representing fifteen nationalities of the Soviet Union took part in the Olympiad, and over a thousand persons took part in the performances. During the Olympiad thirty differ- ent plays and eight concerts were presented, and twenty-eight theat- rical performancés were given at fac- tories and workers’ clubs. Over a hundred thousand persons attended the concerts and 28,000 persons vis- ited the exhibition arranged in con- |nection with the Olympiad. After thorough consideration of the cre- ative activities of all the theatrical and other groups, the jury awarded forty “diplomas of honor” to groups and individuals, each bearing an an- alysis of the special contribution of the recipient of the award to the development of the arts in the Soviet Union. : The jury was especially impressed by the Rustavelli Theatre of Georgia which they felt offered a particularly tall tenements looked dark and gloomy in the afternoon glare. She wondered whether her little brother or her mother had had anything to eat. There was a crowd outside of her house. As she came closer she saw her mother sitting on some furniture and wrapped in a blanket with the little boy on her lap. “Momma, momma, what is it? Why are you sitting here?” Jane ran up to her. ‘i “We didn’t have money for the rent, Jane, and so the landlord had us turned out.” Jane’s mother took the little girl in her arms and hugged her, rocking back and forth. “But, why are you here? You should be in school.” “Yes, but mom, I was so hungry, I couldn't pay attention to what the teacher was saying, and so I was sent home.” * |ANE'S mother didn’t say anything. She couldn't. She sat there with her children in her arms. “Mother, I saw such good things to eat; turkeys, and bread, and cakes, Oh, how I wish I could have a piece of bread.” “Yes, mother is hungry too, and so is Billie.” F “Oh, but mother I anf so hungry, you know I'd love to have just one little piece of bread. Just a little piece.” “Yes, Jane, so would I.” ao’ Soviet Theatres Hold Contes distinct and noteworthy contribution to world theattical culture. The Rustavelli Theatre, in the opinion of the jury, is one of the few theatres to have mastefed completely the problem of a new creative method. In a numberof, productions, espe- cially in the-play “Anzor” presented at the Olympiad, the mass scenes were especially: noteworthy. Scenic problems were deftly and simply handled, ‘The jury noted!the important con- tribution of the White Russian State Theatre, which Has approached the problem of natioal art not through emphasizing the%exotic details of the past, but by caréful study of modern Soviet life. Thé* repertoire of this theatre was distinguished by its close- ness to reality’and included a num< ber of plays déaling with Soviet fac tory life, the "Red Army and so on. This theatre wai%also praised for its excellent direetiétl, good acting and clarity of language and diction. ‘The young Jewish Theatre of White Russia has madé@! remarkable prog- ress during the/past few years. Its greatest virtue, inthe opinion of the jury, consists in the fact that it has taken a definite'Stand for repertoire having a social pect. Through its plays “Batvin,?“ “Girsh Lekkert,” “Jim Kupperkop,” “The Struggle of the Machines” eid others, this the- atre has stimuféted the growth of Soviet Jewish drama and enriched the repertoire of the Jewish theatre generally. The productions them- selves and their’ musical accompani- ments were verytine, and the troupe includes a number of gifte&i actors and directors. i: i The Uzbek ‘Dramatic ‘Theatre, which was established under the Soviet Government, was adjudged by the jury to have.made great progress in overcoming the social conservatism of the Uzbek pegple and in adapting national forms to,subjects of contem- porary Soviet, ,jnterest. The two plays, “Khudjum", and “The Cotton Destroyers,” praquiced at the Olym- piad, illustrated his tendency. This theatre, in the opinion of the jury, represented a very gratifying sign of the awakening of,,Uzhek national cul- ture. do The jury placed the Tartar The- atre among the foremost of the na~ \ tional theatres.of the U. S. S. R. be- cause of its fine group of actors, in- cluding those, who had suffered per- secution in their attempts to de- velop a Tartar, theatre under the Tsarist regime, and also some very promising young actors and actresses from the students of the Tartar the- atrical technicym. They also found that a distingtive group of national dramatists had been developed and that this theatre had given the im- petus to the founding of a national Tartar opera. ~+ . ‘