The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 27, 1930, Page 3

SUBWAY WORKERS ARE SPEEDED uP | AS NEVER BEFORE AS BOSSES PILE UP RECORD PROFITS; MUST ORGANIZE One Man Forced to Operate a Six Car Train; Many Made Jobless . Subway Workers! Organize Under Fighting Leadership of the T.U.U.L. (By a Worker Correspondent) BROOKLYN, N. Y.—After so many other corporations had been successful, it was no more than natural that the) management of the B.-M. T. also wanted to show how kind and} good natured they were by asking their underpaid and over) worked employees to give a day’s pay each month to the un-| employed. Never before have these slave drivers shown such} audacity. First they compel us to operate a six car train, where) - previously they had one man on each car. And then after they themselves have thrown hundreds of workers on the street, —_—_—_—_—_—-— ONLY 425 OF 3,000 ON AT AMERICAN SMELTING WORKS And These Are Then Staggered (By a Worker Correspondent) PERTH AMBOY, N, J.—The Amer- lean Smelting and Refining Co., lo- cal plant of which the Guggenheims are owners (one Guggenheim is Am~- bassador to Cuba) in normal times employs 3,000 men. But now due to constant improvements and introduc- tion of new ‘machinery, and because of the crisis, only 425 workers are now employed. We work 8 hours a day; 5 and 6 days a week. Our wages range from 50 to 55 cents per hour; average weekly wages $20-24 a week. The company is constantly intro- ducing new machinery, resulting in more and more workers being laid off. Stagger System. Somehow the men got wind of the fact that company is going to intro- duce Hoover's famous “Stagger Sys- tem.” putting the men on the 3 and 4 day week basis, and the men are worried and frightened, anxiously asking each other when are they going to put in the 3 and 4 day week basis. ‘The men keenly feel and realize that if the “Stagger System” is introduced their weekly pay of $20- | 24 will actually be cut in half, and we | will fall deeper and deeper into debt. We are not much better off than the unemployed workei#; we are working and still on the verge of starvation. Against these worsening conditions we must organize into the Mine, Oil, and Smelter Workers Industrial Union, to fight the “Stagger System” and all, and to organize the 2,600 former workers of the “Guggies” Into Unerfiployed Councils to fight for Unemployment Insurance, as pro- posed by the Communist Party Un- employment Insurance Bill. WITH THE WORCORRS The results, of the first week of the Worcorr League contest announced in the Worker Correspondent Bul- letin has been tabulated. + $8 9 Qakland romped off with first honors leaving the field far behind. ‘Three points for the type of mater- ial, unemployment, lay-offs, and con- ditions in Oakland, gave this city in the Golden West its first start. Be- sides that Oakland has the best group of organized worcorrs judging from the amount and type of material sent in, and another two points for group correspondence was chalked up for Oakland Worcorrs. a eh 9 New York is still big even in the amount of individual worker Cor- Yespondence and hence the rather . Rebulous Gotham group cornered no less than the two points awarded to the amount of material received. The news that the Freiheit with the co- operation of the Worker Correspon- dence League will call a meeting of Jewish worker correspondents makes New York a formidable contender in this contest. + 8 8 Spokane, Wash., with Frank Selle | Man sending in regular worker cor- respendence storics of the unemploy- ment situation in that Pacific Coast City was well up in front with two points for follow up stories and dis- tribution. a “One of these sudden falls of work- er correspondence manna hit our Worcorr desk the*other-day when a M, G. of Denver, Colo, sent in a batch of short Worcorr stories, and thereupon nosed in on the one point given to technical make up. But may we ask, why does ndél*M. G. ac- quire the virtue of writing regularly instead in Gigtant We. ot inspiration. * Also rans like pact, Chicago, Philadelphia, and other large cities are limping behind in the contest. Only organized city Worcorr they not only want us to do the work of the men displaced at no increase in wages, but also ask us to donate a day’s pay to the unemployed afte they themselves in cooperation with other companies created this unem~- ployment, Big Boss Profits. Did not the B.-M. T. the past year | have @ larger net income than ever | before in their history? Did they not} have a clear profit of over seven mil- | lion dollars? And did not the work- ers make it for them? And what do we get for our pains? More nerve-wrecking work, more re- sponsibility, more spotters and more | accidents. | Jt is only a few weeks ago when| the general manager, Mr. Eagen, in| speaking to some of the workers in- timated that on account of “bad busi- iness, less income” that “maybe (he was not sure yet) but maybe there might” be a wage cut. Like a feeler, | you know. | Force Men To Pay. First Mr. Eagen must understand that the workers will not give a day’s pay to the unemployed. The unem- ployed together with the employed workers must fight for unemployment | insurance. And second it will be the workers) who will decide, whether there will of a wage cut we must demand an be a wage cut next August. Instead increase in wages, deeent working conditions and less hours. However, to do this we must or- ganize. We must be under the lead- ership of the Trade Union Unity League, the only workers’ organiza- | tion which fights for all workers to, organize them. | We Must Organize. } The A. F. of L. will never again! nislead us like they did in the past.| only when we are organized will we. de able to enforce our demands and 9 resist the attempts to reduce our | ronditions. _ ATL Y WORKER, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1930 Page Three Jobless workers in and around homes, are forced to build primitive huts and shelters. Photo by Oakland Worcorr Leagr Oakland, Cal, evicted from their Photo shows one of the shelters built of corrugated iron around tree trunks. The Worcorr League of Oakland reports that this gully where the shelter is located is damp and insanitary and not even equipped with the most primitive sanitary plumbing. And this while thousands of houses in the city are mese Rumor Layoff in E. F. Squibbs & Sons” Slave-Driving Dr ug Supplies Factory Rats Infested Place That On the Outside Is, Made Beautiful With Play of Lights (By a Worker Correspondent) BROOKLYN, N. Y.—I -have read in Red Sparks column today the article about E. R. Sq uibbs & Sons, I intended send- ing in an article dealing with the wonderful concessions that this great Messiah grants to their employees but didn’t get an opportunity. But now I snatched a few minutes to do so. First: I want to say that if there ever was a concern of} slave drivers it is the firm of E. R. Squibb. I don’t believe {there is another firm in the Borough of Brooklyn that keeps their employees in such a state of poverty. FARMERS FORCED | TO BURN FOODS | While Millions Starve) Under Rotten System | (By a Farmer Correspondent.) BOUL, Idaho, Dec. 25——You should | all come to Idaho where we have bread to burn and other foods not | worthy of a fire. Ain't the capital- ist system just grand?? Farmers forced to burn their wheat for fuel) while milligns in the cities suffer the pangs of starvation. | I farmed 40 acres of an irrigated | tract this year, raised 4,000 lbs. of potatoes, 300 lbs. of beans, 350 bush- els of wheat, lots of apples, etc. And out of this all I got is freedom — freedom to work for wages this win- ter for a living if I can get a Job. As I didn’t raise any ready made clothes I will have to try to find some work to raise money to buy | clothes. At this place we have every Satur- ‘We must join together with the vorkers of the I. R. T. and demand, first recognition of our union, second ‘We must join together with the workers of the I. R. T. and demand, first, recognition of our union, sec- ond, one man on each car, third, one dollar per hour, fourth, forty hours per week. Long live the soli- darity of the I. R. T. and B.-M. T. workers. —Two B.-M. T. Button Pushers. INJURED, IS NOT GIVEN ‘ARMY’ AID Forced to Sleep on the Subway Cars (By a Worker Correspondent) NEW YORK.—I am a victim of the capitalists. I was working at the Patrick McGovern city water tunnel, No. 2, at Shaft No. 7, and while working, my arm was crushed. Was under care of company doctors or butchers for two or three weeks and after three weeks was O. K'd to go back to work. My arm was worse than when they started to take care of it, so had to find a doctor of my own who X-rayed it and treated it and is still treating it. Refused Lodgings. Had no place to go, so went to three Salvation Army homes and was refused a night's lodging and any- thing to eat for the reason that I am not a native of New York, Have only been here five months. They told me I should have been here a year before they could do anything for me, They would not give me a place to eat or sleep and I did not have any money and I also went to six police stations and tried to get a night's lodging and was told that they could not do anything for me, so I went to the Municipal Lodging House, where they let the stay one night of each month. Sleep On Subway. So, therefore I have been sleeping in subways and eating wherever I could find a worker who took pity on my broken arm. Throughout all this suffering I have learned what or- ganizing means. Fight the bosses and help the workers of the Unem- ‘More Firing at the day afternoon an auction sale (street | sale) where the farmers try to sell their products. On December 13, I! sold four 100 Ib. sacks of apples, for 20 cents per sack, less than one-fifth of a cent per pound. I stood around in the cold begging mister buy an ap- ple for three hours waiting for my 80 cents. Mister buy an apple for. my landlord wants $20 an acre rent. | Mister, buy some beans (the quo- tation is. $1.85 per 100 lb.), but no- body was buying today. Ain't capi- talism just grand?! ! Shell Chemical Plant at Martinez, Calif, (By a Worker Correspondent.) MARTINEZ, Cal.—The Shell Chem- ical continues firing at the new plant building near Nichols. Last Satur- day 40 more got the gate. We work- ers knew there was something funny | when the wages of the skilled work- | ers were raised at the beginning of | the month. Now they are speeding up those of us left to turn out twice as much work, The Communist Party shop bul- letins scare the bosses into making some fake moves, but to get real, | lasting improvement in our condi- | tions we must organize into the! chemical workers’ branch of the Trade Union Unity League, Can’t Ask for Raise Two: They have people in their employ for 20 years and more and for 20 years of service to these leeches they receive the magnificent sum of $30. a week. A request for an | increase means immediate discharge. Three: The shipping dept works in one of the oldest buildings in Brook- lyn and it is known as the former | stables of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Rats Infected Place. It is no great surprise to see rats running through this great firm's dungeon anytime during the day. The new buildings are occupied by the brains of the business such as the robbers of the efficiency depart- ment and the intelligent bosses who | administer plenty of holidays with pay and starvation wages. Four: Now they installed the five day week and darn them that’s the dirtiest concession they could grant. | The speedup is something fierce. You are turning out twice as much work as you turned out before and not! only that they compel you to put in the sixth day whenever they think! they could squeeze some more energy from you without extra pay. There are always some people working on Saturday. Rumor Layoff, F. V. Nitardy issued a statement to the press that all the employees | will have plenty of work all winter. That's a lie because there are strong rumors that a load of girls who fill bottles for the measly sum of $12 a week will be fired in the next week or two, Five: The only thing a worker can look forward to in his great concern is to a gold watch for 40 years of serviee worth perhaps $20 which one employee got. Two weeks ago all the employees were called up to the dining room of this firm and were asked to donate | ja day’s psy to the unemployed and for fear of being blacklisted these girls who in the factory earn from $12 to $15 a week parted with that day’s pay which in total amounted to a couple of thousand dollars. Workers of E. R. Squibb, only mass organization will better your condi- tions. You are given plenty of holi- days with pay but you are being paid starvation wages. And thru these holidays you are being fooled that you have conditions above reproach. BAR EVICTION OF JOBLESS ADELAIDE, Australia.—The work- ers in southern Australia have forced the legislation to pass the evictions law which prevents landlords in the} State of South Australia from evict- ing or taking legal proceedings against unemployed tenants. Bakery in Chicago Burns Bread Instead of Feeding Jobless 10,000 JOBLESS IN “SOCTALIST” CITY FREEZE, STARVE Socialists Refuse to Aid| Children (By a Worker Correspondent.) READING, Pa. — The unemployed situation in Reading under the so- cialist party administration is becom- ing more acute. ‘The relief station opened up at the | old city hall is being thronged by thousands of disappointed unemploy- ed seeking first aid relief. Little of which has been given during the first week of its existence. | Reading has organized an Unem- (By a Worker Correspondent.) CHICAGO, Il—On Monday, Dec, 15, a worker was hired by the “Imperial” Bakery, 1023 N. Damen Ave. to burn up bread which could not be sold, because unemployed workers have not money to buy it. In two and one- half hours this worker burned 400 loaves of bread and 10 baskets of cakes, In wages he was offered for his toil the amount of 25 cents! Stale bread is being soaked overnight, mixed with flour and backed in “delicious bread.” Farmers! Your grain is used for fuel, not for feed! Workers and or farmers! Don’t starve! Or- ganize and fight for the right to live. WORKER. | ployed Council but it ceased to func- | tion owing to lacks of forces and fi- nancial difficulties. 10,000 Unemployed. There are approximately 10,000 un- employed. About $35,402 has been collected during the four weeks drive | for unemployment relief. | administration (socialist) refuses con- | fering of small children. The salva- tion army which heretofore has been ceased to do so. being solicited for most the funds which is not being sponsored by the cal capitalist newspaper. Many Sheriff Sales. There have been about 1,200 sheriff | sales besides a great many evictions. Reading has just passed thru an |era of wholesale wage cuts nd lay- offs. amount of work of organizing the | workers (employed and unemployed). the Reading capitalist class with Mayor J, Henry Stump as chairman are constantly losing favor with the workers. The situation in Reading, Pa., is terrible. JOBLESS HUNGER Low Wages for Those Still Working (By a Worker Correspondent) BATTLE CREEK, Mich.—I’m un- employed for fourteen months and I don’t have any hope to get a job so soon. Many workers are unem- ployed, homeless, freezing, clotheless, and starving. Some workers are working only part time and for very low wages, day rate is 35 cents and 40 cents an hour, piece work is mis- erably paid, some get $16 to $27 for’ fifteen days and they have families to*support. Food But Hunger. Battle Creek is the so-called food city but many hundreds are starving munist Party, the Trade Union Unity League and the Daily Worker, Some of us workers understand our pro- letarian duties but to be jobless and penniless it is a hard task. But our bitter experience of 1914-1918 remind us when the bosses told us we were fighting for the so-called liberty and kind of promises and now we are | | enjoying this “liberty” of unemploy- ment, of no homes, etc. The capitalist profiteers of war prepare another and that is on the Soviet Union the workers fatherland. Workers are we going to be cannon workers of the Soviet Union, we power that we have. REDUCE HOURS AND WAGES WARREN, Ohio. — The Republic Steel Company has’ installed the 6 hour day in the sheet and tin de- | partments of their Warren plant. This, of course, means & wage’ re- duction. It is the seesnd mil! .o put the workers on the 6 hour shift in the last few months. She Granite City Steel Company his put a similar plan into effect in Granite City Tilinois. | U. The city | stantly to assist to alleviate the suf- | supplying the needly with bread has The workers are the ones who are | socialist administration but by a lo- | Reading comrades are not financi- | | ally able to go ahead with the terrible | | The socialist executive committee of | IN FOOD TOWN in this city of food. Workers here | don't know much about the Com-, fodder for the bosses profits. No,j| we are not going to fight our brother | going to defend them with all our, NATL LOCK C0. STAGGERS MEN “ Women Get. 18 to 20) Cents An Hour (By a Worker Pecespantent) ROCKFORD, Il.—In the ; Lock Co., Rockford, Il. the Hoover's stagger system is established. The workers in the most of the depart- ments, are working only feour days | every other week, and 7 and a half | hours a day. In the last two weeks in November | the highest paid workers, who work jon the stagger system made about | $10. With full force the compe ay | employed 1,800 workers, but now it is not more than 400 or 500 working there. One of the bosses at mock- | ferd National Lock Co. used to hang avound at our mass meetings last | spring in order to find out if any workers from National Lock were present. If he saw anyone, this worker was fired the next morning. ing so he didn’t show up since then. At this shop is many women work- | ers employed and they have to work | hour. | Questionaire. | A little while ago the company handed out some blanks for the workers to fill out, on these blanks were all kinds of questions if your wife or husband is working, if you own any property, if you have your house paid for or how much you owe on your house. One worker said “It is funny that they don’t want to know how many corns we have on our feet.” munist paper Ny Tid had an article exposing the rotten conditions in this factory, and the bosses were then searching around all over the shop in order to get hold of that worker who dared to expose the conditions. The Metal Workers’ League will be busy to build a shop committee here and lead the work- ers in struggle against the rable conditions that exist on National Lock Co. n LOW WAGES INN. Y. WHITE GOODS SAO | (By a Worker Cerresn NEW YORK.—On the 17th floor on 88rd St. is a big white goods shop. There are 75 workers who do the work of 200 workers. The wages are very smal, from $12 to $14 a week. The hours are from 8:15 in the morn- ing until 5:45 in the afternoon. D> dent) until 7 and 8 o’clock in the evening. The air in the shop is very bad be- cause the windows are never opened, and the floor only swept from Satur- day to Saturday. We are not allowed to talk to each other during the working hours. We | can’t go out for a drink of water. {In case you do go out the water is | in the washroom, which is so dirt’ that it smells terrible. When a worker comes only 5 or 10 | minutes late he is docked for one- yalf hour's pay. When a worker snoils a garment or burns it they | take money from his or her pay. . WORKERS AT STALINGRAD AID 5-YR. PLAN Mechemice: 7 Technicians Form “Culttech’’ Aid to Helb Achieve aon American Colony. Stalingrad, U. S. S. R. Dear Comrades: On September 9th last at the Stalingrad Tractor plant -a small group of class conscious American workers got together and organized t\> Cultural and Technical Aid So ciety to U. S. 8, R. (Cultech Aid) as it was here known. * This organization was founded for the purpose of rendering tech- nical and cultura) aid to the So- viet Union, particularly to the trac- tor works and familiarise the Amer- iean workers with the socialist con- struction and cultural life of the Soviet Union. _ Have rogram. The plan of the seine. fs ‘bossa Neato EB BR { as follows: i The executive committee of the Cultech Aid is composed of two committees. Five members of the Technical Committe and five mem- bers of the Cultural Committee, to- gether with the secretary of the so- ciety. The Technical Committee organ- izes: (1) Technical conferences of all engineers and specialists in regard to the production of trac- tors. (2) Investigates all causes, irregularities and setbacks to pro- duction. (3) Criticizes and offers valuable suggestions to the admin- istration. (4) Organizes technical lectures in shop and trade schools. (5) Has and connec- tions with the All Soviet Techni- cians and Engineers Bureau in Moscow and the Inventors Society. MEMBERSHIP GROWS, The work of the Cultural Com- mittee is as follows. It organizes excursions, discussions, movies, lec- tures, talks, various circles, eve- nings, social affairs, ete. From a group of nine we grew to a membership ‘of 74 in three months and we graw right along. Our dues are one ruble rer month. Any engineer, technician, specialist or worker can become a member of this society who resides in Stalingrad, U.S.S.R., and who willingly assists the U. S. S. R. by nce and to give us a little publicity through your columns and make an appeal or a drive to all class-conscious workers and those that are sympa- | thetic to the Soviet Union ta send us technical literature, mechanical suggestions, kinks, ideas, plans, drawings, any thing that will im- Prove or speed up production on tractors, motors, machinery, etc. “All suggestions will be registered by newspapers here with the name of the sender. For the Four-Year Plan. F. C. HONEY, Culttech Society, American Colony. Stalingrad, U. 8. 8. R. National | “ He got little to much at one meet-/| for as low pay ac 18 to 20 cents an Some time ago the Swedish Com- | Industria] | We also have- to work overtime |; this society and published in the | q seven LOSIERY | ae | Bosses Scheme 25 ‘Pocus Wage Cut Against Textile Workers Still Working | U TW Fakers Ready for Sell-Out, Workers | Must Join National Textile Workers Union ket Correspondent) mass discontent of the ioned and other hosiery a rapid rate. still continuing with not s of the strikers. Rumors per> ipt and that the creditors have Credence can rea be given these rumors the truth. .It is now up to the hosiery against the new bosses and the shop committee and ittee and grant STRIKES NOW ON PET, RUG WEAVERS LIKE AGAINST SLASH (By al a single ¢ sist that the fi sold the pl for in all li hood it is workers to conti force the new fir all demar from m is now ba lily __ WAGE CUT AT THE “ RARITAN COPPER IN PERTH AMBOY U | M ust eee Into the MO SWUI (By a Worker Correspondent.) PERTH AMBOY, N. J.—In the 1 Copper Works, owned by the Copper Trust of Montana, used to work, but now 800 or workers are working. used to work 9 hours a day, ays a week, and used to make a week. Now we work some- 3-4-5 days a week, 8 hours and because of a wagé-cut about 7 months ago we only $12, $17 and $21.55 a week. Won By Striking. ‘Through a strike about four years _, ago ,led “by the Communists of this vill | city, we won 5 cents per hour increase in wag nd two years ago, because we threatened to strike when the of copper was going up, if we in’t get a raise, the company: gave three-cent raise in the form of cents per hour bonus” as long €.price of copper stays up. en months ago the company this 3 cents “bonus” away from * til the “bonus” was taken us the company used to ae reduction in od measure.: The men the Sct ioned Hosie Iked out in vailing into wor! onl; the shop do ith open times a day with t wages cut mediately ar | rested toda the usual nationality against | termination of all the prevent this thor Call For Mass Strike. Strike condit have now the carpet, rug and tapestry workers. al 25 met to a packed s. A vote was taken for a strike in 27 mills. The vote favor of , was almost A maneuver a fh the entire sitiation in this ir 10 cents from each workers “arbitrated” by the so-called every week for a “Doctor's Fund” tors of the Aberle mill strikje. The! with which the doctor's expenses, hospital and medicine expensés was r got hurt; but when “bonus” Ss taken away the This means a company since then has been taking thousands of work in the second | every. week off of each man’s pay most important branch of the textile | not.10.-cents but 25 cents for the industry in Philadelp ‘The bosses | “Dooter’s Fund,” although heside¢ had decided upon a 2! e| the wage-cut we got we work part cut and strike will be the answer of | time, too, the wor Drop In Production, workers voted down t “arbitrate” by certain elements tremendous majority. to by a — In good times about 35,000,000 tons We FANT LUNN of copper was refined per month; HA aT ANT I Pen! 4,388) now + 16,000,000 tons are refined monthly. There is sort of a company union PT CUICTE ) ATTEM Militant Fieht for lief Goes on in the plant; but the delegates in it are company men, and they are afraid to say a word in defense of ‘the w agi Re- kers’ interests against the , part time work, etc. for ing their jobs. got our 3 cents wage-cut 30 got a wage-cut, tao, have to work just they are foremen. 2 ago the Mine, Oi] and ‘kers’ Industrial Union is- flet to us te organize, fight: for a minimum wage and for shorter» hours and against the wage-cut. To protect eur interests we mate , organize. (Rr a OATLAN tick re tall “rel , the charity boasting about how ma fed each day; the city “authorities about the registration of the unem- | ployed and placement of so many to | work, the labor fakers abo’ ing flop houses and soup hens — | the workers are committing suicides, | others dying of starvation, mothers abandoning their babies. | Here are news picked at random | from one day's local press: } Fred Biter, 59, no address, was | taken to emergency hospital after he | | collapsed from hunger and exposure in a park at 10th and Harrison Sts. He is in semi coma and in a critical |condition. Physicians declared his collapse was due to exposure and lack | of food. Richard Gomes, 17, 2138 Begin to organize the workers in your factory. Use the conditions, speed-up, wage-cutting schemes to mobilize the workers for ee SPPEDEP KITTS A> LONGSHOREMAN. St may have ended his life, his, OSSeS Coin Profits* mother told police. He had been out | From Deaths of work, despondent and threatened | to end it all, | Mary, Dover, B. 14th St. resoued by| FFoM the Southern Worker) neighbors from dying of fumes New Orleans, La, ae tk e “Joseph Jackson, Negro dock work+ ‘r, paid with his life and Jim Riess, when she and her 3 years old son were found unco: Weak from who was working with him s | a brelzen let on accdunt of the pire e steamboat dock here. hunger and di nt she tried to were unloading the ond her and child's life. Ferd Haycock, 19, Utah farmer, out . “Interstate” owned by the Transportation Co, and were of work and stole ¢ | check for $39 from an automobi ing the oods from the boats to rf. But the boss, finding this upon is serving 30 day sentence in Oakland , city prison. | Mother abandons baby one hour after its birth. She sends a pitiful card to children's - hospital asking | gory purpose of holsting them to care for her baby. She will | tne gobs to the dock, which enabled come to claim her Golden West, when jim to unload the boat in half‘the she is better off. | time and with half the labor. ay Stories like these appear daily in| go, these workers paid the supreme | spite of covering up which the ca- penalty for the huge profits gained | pitalist sheets practice. the boss when the rope parted and. Workers don’t starve, but fight for an overloaded sling of goods came work or wages. Sign the Social In-| crashing down on the workers. surance Bill and Join the Unemploy- | This sort of thing, fellow wo ed Council. is what we must fight against. | rt is the reason we must organ Worcorrs are the eyes of the | Marine Workers’ Industrial U workers’ press. Join your local | a united front against tl Worcorr group and help fight the {ing ‘bosses. bosses, Organizes of Ma a a Ni.