The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 30, 1930, Page 6

eee 4 - ] ‘ } i Page Six New York C all Square Addre = and cks to the Daily 1696-7-8. Cable: REVOLUTION IN CHINA AND: IN EUROPE By KARL MARX. ! published in the (This article was originally .—Editor.) N. Y. Tribune of June 14, 18 found yet fanta culator on A MOST pre astic he principles which govern the movements upon the civilized world. It may seem a very strange, and a very paradoxical assertion that the next uprising of the people of Europe, and their next movement for republican freedom and economy of government, may depend more probably on what is now passing in the Celes- ial Empire—the very opposite: of Europe— than on any other political cause that now exists—more even than on the menaces of Russia and the consequent likelihood of a gen- eral Europes But yet it is no paradox, of Humanity, was wont to extol as one of the ruling secrets of nature, what he called the law of the contact of extremes. The home- ly proverb that “extremes meet” was, in his view, a grand and potent truth in every sphere of life n axiom with which the philosopher could as little dispense as the astronomer with the laws of Kepler or the great discovery of Newton. | Whether the “contact of extremes” be such | a universal p ple or not, trik illus- | tration of it may be seen in the effect the | Chinese revolution seems likely to exercise | | | n war y attentively consid- nees of the case. ie social causes, and what- dyni or national shape that have brought about the ubsisting in China for about and now hered together in revolution, the occasion of this outbreak has unquestionably been afforded by the English cannon forcing upon China that soporifie drug called opium. Before the Bri- the authority of the Manchou dy- perstitious faith in mpire broke to pieces; the the eternity of the Celes down; the barbarous and h tie isolation from the civilized world was infringed; and an opening was made for that intercourse which since proceeded so rapidly under the golden attractions of California and Australia, At the same time the silver coin of the Empire, its life-blood, began to be drained away to the h East Indies. Up to 1930, the balance of trade being con- tinually in favor of the Chinese, there existed | an uninterrupted importation of silver from India, Britain and the United States into China. Since 1833, and especially since 1840, the ex- port of silver from China to India has be- come almost exhausting for the Celestial Em- pire. Hence the strong decrees of the Em- peror against the opium trade, responded to by still stronger resistance to his measures. Be- sides this immediate economical consequence, the bribery connected with opium smuggling has entirely demoralized the Chinese State of- ficers in the Southern provinces. Just as the Emperor was wont to be considered the father of all China, so his officers were looked upon as sustaining the paternal relation to their re- spective distric! But this patriarchal author- | ity, the only moral link embracing the vast | machinery of the state, has gradually been cor- | roded by the corruption of those officers, who have made great gains by conniving at opium | | | smuggling. This has occurred principally in | the same Southern provinces where the rebel- lion commenced. It is almost needless to ob- serve that, in the same measure in which opium has obtained the sovereignty over the Chinese, the Emperor and his staff of pedantic mandarins have become dispossessed of their own sovereignty. It would seem as though his- tory had first to make this whole people drunk before it could rouse them out of their heredi- tary stupidity. Though scarcely existing in former times, the import of English cottons, and to a small extent of English woollens, has rapidly risen | since 1833, the!epoch when the monopoly of | trade with China was transferred from the | East India Company to private commerce, and on a much greater scale since 1840, the epoch when other nations, and especially our own, also obtained a share in the Chinese trade. This introduction of foreign manufactures has had a similar effect on the native industry to that which it formerly had on Asia Minor, Persia and India. In China the spinners and weavers have suffered greatly under this for- eign competition, and the community has be- come unsettled in proportion. The trigmte to be paid to England after the unfortunate war of 1840, the great unproduc- tive consumption of opium, the drain of the precious metals by this trade, the destructive influence of foreign competition on native man- ufactures, the demoralized condition of the public administration, produced two things: the old taxation became more burdensome and harassing, and new taxation was added to the old. Thus in a decree of the Emperor, dated Pekin, Jan. 5, 1853, we find orders given to the viceroys and governors of the southern pro- vinces of Woo-Chang and Hun-Yang to remit and defer the payment of taxes, and especially not in any case to exact more than the regu- lar amount; for otherwise, says the decree, “how will the poor people be able to bear it?” “And thus, perhaps,” continues the Emperor, “vill my people, in a period of general hard- ship and distress, be exempted from the evils of being pursued and worried by the tax- gatherer.” Such languag as this, and such concessions we remember to have heard from Austria, the China of Germany, in 1848. All these dissolving agencies acting together on the finances, the morals, the industry, and political structure of China, received their full development under the English cannon in 1840, which broke down the authority of the Emper- or, aiid forced the Celestial Empire into con- tact with the terrestrial world. Complete iso- lation was the prime condition of the preserva- tion of Old China. That isolation having come t6"a violent end by the medium of England, dissolution must follow as surely as that of any mummy carefully preserved in a hermeti- cally sealed coffin, whenever it is brought into contact with the open air. Now, England hav- ing brought about the revolution of China, the question is how that revolution, will in time react on England, and through England on » This question is not difficult of solu- “Th ie attention of our readers has often been called to the unparalleled growth of British manufactures since 1850. And the most sur- prising prosperity, it has not been difficult to point out the clear symptoms of an approach- ing industrial crisis. Notwithstanding Cal fornia and Australia, notwithstanding the im- mense and unprecedented emigration, there must ever, without any particular accident, in due time arrive a moment when the extens of the markets is unable to keep pace v the extension of British manufactures, and this disproportion must bring about a new cr with the same certainty as it has done in the But, if one of the great markets sud- becomes contracted, the arrival of the ly accelerated thereby. Now, the Chinese rebellion must, for the time being, have precisely this effect upon England. The necessity for opening new markets, or for ex- tending the old ones, was one of the principal causes of the reduction of the British tea- duties, as, with an increased importation of tea, an increased exportation of manufactures to China was expected to take place. Now, the value of the annual exports from the United Kingdom to China amounted, before the repeal in 1834 of the trading monopoly possessed by the st India Company, to only £600,000; in 1836, it reached the sum of £1,326,388; in 1845, it had risen to £2,594,827; in 1852, it amounted to about £3,000,000. The quantity of tea im- 1 from China did not exceed, in 1793, 1 lbs.; but in 1845, it amounted to 50,714,657 Ibs.; in 1846, to 57,584,561 Ibs; it is now above 60,000,000 Ibs. he tea crop of the last season will not prove shown already by the export lists from Shanghai, of 2,000,000 Ibs. above the pre- ceding year. This excess is to be accounted for two. circumstances. On one hand, the state of the market at the close of 1851 was much depressed, and the large surplus stock left has been thrown into the export of 1852. On the other hand, the recent accounts of the altered British legislation with regard to im- ports of tea, reaching China, have brought forward all the available teas to a ready mar- ket, at greatly enhanced prices. But with r spect to the coming crop, the case stands very differently. This is shown by the following past. denl. extracts from the correspondence of a large tea-firm in London: “In Shanghai the terror extreme. Gold has advanced upward of 25 per cent, being eagerly sought for hoarding;-silver has so far disappeared that none could be obtained to pay the China dues on the British vessels requiring port clearance; and in consequence of which Mr. Alcock has consented to become responsi- ble to the Chinese authorities for the payment of these dues, on receipt of East India Com- pany’s bills, or other approved securities. The scarcity of the precious metals is one of the most unfavorable futures, when viewed in ref- ence to the immediate feature of commerce, as this abstraction occurs precisely at that per- iod when their use is most needed, to enable the tea and silk buyers to go into the interior and effect their purchases, for which a large portion of bullion is paid in advance, to enable the ducers to carry on their operations... . At this period of the year it is usual to begin making arrangements for the new teas, where- as at present nothing is talked of but the means of protecting person and property, all transactions being at a stand. . . If the means are not applied to secure the leaves in April and May, the early crop, which includes all the finer descriptions, both of black and green teas, will be as much lost as unreaped wheat at Christmas.” Now the means for securing the tea leaves, will certainly not be given by the English, American or French squadrons stationed in the Chinese seas, but these may easily, by their interference, produce such complications, as to cut off all transactions between the tea-pro- ducing interior and the tea-exporting seaports. Thus, for the present crop, a rise in the prices must be expected—speculation has already commenced in London—and for the crop to come a large deficit is as good as certain. Nor is this all. The Chinese, ready though. they may be, as are all people in periods of revo- lutionary convulsion, to sell off to the foreigner all the bulky commodities they have on hand, will, as the Orientals are used to do in the apprehension of great changes, set to hoard- ing, not taking much in return for their tea and silk, except hard money. England has ac- cordingly to expect a rise in the price of one of her chief articles of consumption, a drain of bullion, and a great contraction of an impor- tant market for her cotton and woolen goods. Even The Economist, that optimist conjuror of all things menacing the tranquil minds of the mereantile community, is compelled to use language like this: “We must not flatter ourselves with finding as extensive a market for our exports to China as hitherto. . . . It is more probable that our export trade to China should suffer, and that there should be a diminished demand for the produce of Manchester and Glasgow.” It must not be forgotten that the rise in the price of so indispensable an article as tea, and the contraction of so important a market as China, will coincide with a deficient harvest in Western Europe, and, therefore, with rising prices of meat, corn, and all other agricultural produce, Hence contracted markets for manu- factures, because every rise in the prices of the first necessaries of life is counterbalanced, at home and abroad, by a corresponding de- duction in the demand for manufactures. From | every part of Great Britain complaints have been received on the backward state of most of the crops. The Economist says on this sub- ject: “In the South of England not only will there be left much land unsown, until too late for a crop of any sort, but much of the sown land will prove to be foul, or otherwise in a bad tate for corn-growing. On the wet or poor soils destined for wheat, signs that mischief is going on are apparent. mangel-wurtzel may now be said to have passed away, and very little has been planted, while the time for preparing land for the tur- nip is rapidly going by, without any adequate preparation for this important crop having been accomplished. . . . Oat sowing has been much interfered with by the snow and rain. Few oats were sown early, and late sown oats seldom produce a large crop... . In many districts losses among the breeding flocks have been considerable,” The price of other farm-produce than corn is from 20 to 80, and even 50 per cent higher than last year. On the Continent, corn has risen comparatively more than in England. Rye has risen in Belgium and Holland full 100 per cent, ing suit. Under these circumstances, as the greater The time for planting | Wheat and other grains are follow- | Published by the Comprodaily Publishing Co., Inc., daily, except Sunday, at 26-28 Union N. Y. Telephone Stuyvesant Worker, 26-28 Union Square, New York, N. ¥ “DAIWORK.” , American workers. Daily = Central Organ ot the Comimus Worker st vaciy of the U By mail everywhere: 0: Manhattan and Bronx, SUBSCRIPTION RATES: ne year $6; six months $3; two mont! 0 etvee City, and foreign, which are: One year $8; six months $4.50 hs $1; excepting Boroughs of | THE CHINESE SOLDIERY IS By FRED ELLIS The Chinese Soviets at Work The First Chinese Soviet Congress will take place on May 30. It marks a step for- ward in the Chinese and the World Revo- lution. On this occasion, the following ar- ticle, giving «a general idea of the Chinese Soviets, should be of deep interest to the Tt was written in China two months ago, and the reader should note that during these two months, the Chinese Soviets have made tremendous strides, both in activity and in area. Even the capitalist papers admit this—J. Moo, Translator. By TING Y. yes HSI SHAN and Chiang Kai-Shek are now again fighting to add another link to the endless chain of militarist wars in China. This means that the suffering Chinese work- ers and peasants are pushed into deeper mud and hotter fire. But this, the revolutionary mass will no long- er allow. They are now solidifying their power to wipe out all cliques and factions of the revo- lutionary camp. They are now establishing their own rul2, the rule of the workers and peasants. In the midst of this, the First Chinese So- viet Congress has outstanding significance. What Are the Soviets? What are the Soviets? apparatus of the workers and peasants. They are the democratic state power of the worker peasants, the soldiers and the poor. It is only through the revolutionary struggle of the exploited and oppressed to overthrow the reactionary class rule by means of strikes, non payment of rents, taxes, loans and above all, by means of direct armed attack and uprising, that the Soviets can be established. The establishment of the Soviet Power means that the bourgeois class will be deprived of part of the regular commercial circle has al- ready been run through by British trade, it may safely, be augured that the Chinese revo- lution will throw the spark into the overloaded mine of the present industrial system and cause the explosion of the long-prepared gen- eral crisis, which, spreading abroad will be closely followed by political revolutions on the Continent. It would be a curious spectacle, that of China sending disorder into the West- tern World while the Western powers, by English, French and American war-steamers, are conveying “order” to Shanghai, Nankin, and the mouths of the Great Canal. Do these order-mongering powers, which would attempt to support the wavering Mantchou dynasty, forget that the hatred against foreigners and their exclusion from the Empire, once the mere result of China’s geographical and ethnographi- cal situation, have become a political system only since the conquest of the country by the race of the Mantchou Tartars? There can be no doubt that the turbulent dissensions among the European nations who, at the later end of the 17th century, rivaled each other jin the trade with China, lent a mighty aid to the ex- clusive policy adopted by the Mantchous. But more than this was done by the fear of the new dynasty, lest the foreigners might favor the discontent existing among a large propor- tion of the Chinese during the first half century or thereabouts of their subjection to the Tartars. From these considerations, foreign- ers were then prohibited from all communica- tion with the Chinese, except through Canton, a town at a great distance from Pekin and the tea-districts and their commerce restricted They are the state | to intercourse with the Hong merchants, li- | censed by the government expressly for the ‘foreign trade, in order to keep the rest of its subjects from all connection with the odious strangers. In any case an interference on the part of the western governments at this time can only serve to render the revolution more violent, and protract the stagnation of trade. At the same time it is to be observed with regard to India, that the British government every bit and iota of its power; that Chiang Kai-Shek, Wang Ching-wei, Yen Hsi-shan, Chang Hsueh-liang, Feng Yu-hsiang and ali the leaders of the reactionary camp will be smashed; that the wire-pullers of these puppet militarists, the imperialists (American, Jap- anese, British, French, et al), will be rooted out of China and out of existence; that their imperialist _ente: es and investments in China will be confiscated; that the properties of the militar politicians, landlords, etc., will be nationalized; that land will be given to the peasants and soldiers for cultivation; that all kinds of heavy taxes and rents wili be abolished; that there will be the develop- ment of industry and agriculture and the build- ing up of socialism. . . . Only then, will the incessant militarist wars come to an end and China really be unified. Chinese Soviet History. Soviets have been in existence throughout the southern and central provinces of China (Kiangsi, Hupeh, Hunan, Fukien, Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Szechuan, Anhwei, etc.), although there is not yet a national Soviet power. By broadening their area and by linking up their activities with the daily class struggle of the Chinese masses, the Chinese Soviets will un- doubtedly bring about the high tide of the Chinese Revolution. The present increasing number and area of the Soviets are the sure sings of the Chinese Soviet Republic. The Chinese Soviets have been established and maintained by millions of Chinese work- ers and peasants, soldiers and poor, who stand on their own feet and exercise their own power. The Chinese Soviets are the fruit of many a bloody struggle against the national capital- ists, the militarists, the landlords and reac- tionary armies and exploiters’ “defense corps.” (To be continued) of that country depends for full one-seventh of its revenue on the sale of opium to the Chinese, while a considerable proportion of the Indian demand for British manufacture de- pends on the production of that opium in India, The Chinese, it is true, are no more likely to renounce the use of opium than are the Ger- mans to -forswear tobacco. But as the new emperor is understood to be favorable to the culture of the poppy and the preparation of opium in China itself, it is evident that a death-blow is very likely to be struck at once at the business of opium-raising in India, the Indian revenue, and the commercial resources of Hindostan. Though this blow would not im- mediately be felt by the interests concerned, it would operate effectually in due time, and would come in to intensify and prolong the universal financial crisis whose horoscope we have cast above. Since the commencement of the eighteenth century there has been no serious revolution in Europe which had not been preceded by a commercial and financial crisis. This applies no less to the revolution of 1789 than to that of 1848. It is true, not only that we every day behold more threatening symptoms of con- flict between the ruling powers and their sub- jects, between the state and society, between the various classes; but also the conflict of the existing powers among each other gradually reaching that height where the sword must be drawn, and the ultima ratio of princes be re- curred to. In the European capitals, every day brings dispatches big with universal war, van- ishing under the dispatches of the following day, bearing the assurance of peace for a week or so. We may be sure, nevertheless, that to whatever hight the conflict between the Euro- pean powers may rise, however threatening the aspect. of the diplomatic horizon may appear, whatever movements may be attempted by some enthusiastic fraction in this or that coun- try, the rage of princes and the fury of the people are alike enervated by the breath of prosperity. Neither wars nor revolutions are likely to put Europe by the ears unless in con- By R. DOONPING. CERTAIN Mr. Gibbons, in a feature ar appeared in the New York (Avri 27), estimates that there are 2,096,100 mer under arms in China This in eloquent expression of the dec; crisis in China. The almost continuous in recent years brought about the unns in agriculture all heavy burden inflicted upon the peasants | the double exploitation of the imperialists and native landlords, forced millions of hungr uther mea peasants to leave the land and seel of livelihod. The breaking dow) industry as a result of the conque Chinese marke by commodities of mass production and the continuo depression in the industrial life of the country ve hundreds of thousands of urban poor, jobless, hungry and desperate. No reliable statistical information on the employment situation in China is yet available But the usual size of the “army” of jobless and theix deplorable condition evident to anybody who has ever been in China. The politically advanced unemployed worker or peasant, of course, joined the revolutionary struggle, and, together with those of their comrades who are still working in the indus tries, they seek, through determined revolution ary struggle, to do away with the system of society that is responsible for their misery. But the backward) section of the jobless work- ers and peasants, especially the peasants, took what seems to them the easiest way out. “Join the army’—-though this mean risking death for a piece of bread, still the lingering death of hunger and cold—temporarily disappears from the horizon. And further, there is the illusion that everyone has the chance of plun- der and thus becoming rich overnight. The imperialists and native militarists. of course, utilize this situation to strengthen their own regime of exploitation and h group or- ganizes a large mercenary army for the double purpose of fighting against their imperialist un | these tr TURNING RED | and militarist rivals and suppressing the revo- But the system is crushing under its own weight. By ruining the old productive ma- chinery in the country without building a new one, and by driving a larger and larger s tion of the teeming population into unpro- ductive channels, the imperialist militarist re- in China are digging their own grave. ime The deple prodvttive resources of the country is making it increasingly difficult for the militarists to pay the elling troops, The discontent of the soldiers is urging them on to more and more revolutionary expresstoms. The rising tide of the labor movement, the rapidly developing agrarian revolution and, especially the repeated victory of Red troops and the extending of the area under Soviet rule, together with the close contact which a section of the Chinese army had with the So- viet Red Army in the Chinese Eastern Railway incident are arousing the revolutionary con- sciousness of the Chinese soldiers. Chinese newspapers frequently ¢ news of the fra- ternization of government troops with revolu- tionary peasant detachments against whom ops were sent. The mutinies of Kuo- ! mintang troops at Tayeh, in Hupei province nd at Shanghong and Loofeng in Fukien prov- ince are some of the most well-known instances illustrating this tendency. The government troops are becoming less and less “reliable” every day from the point of view of their arist masters. e 2,000,000 Chinese army i the process of being revolution distant future, this China will be turned Soviet China of the workers, peasants and sol- diers is dawning! In the First Chinese So- viet Congress which will meet on May 30, the Chinese revolutionary soldiers will stand side by side with their worker and peasant com- rades and take part in laying the foundations for the building of an All-China Soviet Re- public which will be a part of the Union of m ¥ going through zed, Not in the of reaction in opposite: A into " the Soviets of the whole world. By VERN SMITH. I DIA has 320,000,000 people, the overwhelm- ing majority of them oppressed peasantry, tenant farmers or very small landholders over- whelmingly in debt. Within recent years, most- ly since the beginning of the century, a great industrial proletariat has grown up, chiefly textile, iron and railroad workers. Though their percentage of the total popula- tion is not great, their numbers are consider- able: the proletariat and semi-proletariat (handicraftsmen, ete.) running into millions. The British imperial government has ruled India since the middle of the eighteenth cen- tury, first through the intermediary of a char- ! | some competition with Br tered company exercising state power, and | since 1858, after the unsuccessful revolutionary war known in history books as the “Indian Mutiny,” it has ruled directly in a large section of the country. “British India” with two- thirds of the population, and indirectly, but no | less surely, in the rest of the country through treaties with over 700 different big and little native princes. Each of these princes (their titles are varied, romantic and innumerable) . is a pure parasite on the country, powerless, but allowed to camouflage the face of British rule to his patriotic subjects, and to draw enormous salaries for so doing. Princes Against Revolt. It is noteworthy that though in the “Indian Mutiny” some of the native rulers revolted, in the present revolutionary uprising they are all supporting the government (except for a few tribal leaders near Afghanistan). This is fundamentally a different kind of revolt, it is a revolt in which peasants and proletariat be- gin to fight for themselves. The government is an autocracy, administered by the “Governor General in Council,” who is responsible only to the British cabinet, and to the party handling Britain’s empire of exploi- tation at the time, just now to the British “Labor” Party. There is an Indian legislative assembly established some years ago as a sop to the movement for national independence rising at the time, but this assembly, except for certain very limited spheres of government, is advisory only, and it is elected so much from the native henchmen of the imperialists, through a narrow suffrage, that it plays little part in the present situation. Castes and Faiths. Britain’s method has been the ancient im- perialist practice of “divide and rule.” India has many races, nationalities and religions. Britain’s main effort is to prevent class cons- ciousness from developing along the basis of modern industry (bourgeois and proletarian, etc.) and to keep alive the sharp divisions be- tween Mohammedans (some 80,000,000 of the population) and the Hindus, most of the rest of the population. In addition, after conquering the Sikhs (a nation and a religion) and the Gurkhas (a nationality, with many living in a tribal society) Britain made these two groups especially into cossacks, serving very much as the Russian czar’s cossacks served. They pro- vide soldiers for the army, and get certain compensations in return. Regiments are also recruited from the war- rior caste among the Hindus, and from among the Mohammedans, The caste system is kept alive by special consideration from the govern- ment to the higher castes, which applies even sequence of a general commercial and industrial crisis, the signal of which has, as usual, to be given by England, the representative of Euro- pean industry in the market of the wor! It is unnecessary to dwell on the political consequences such a crisis must produce in these times, with the unprecedented extension of factories in England, wiht the utter dis- solution of her official parties, with the whole state-machinery of France transformed into one immense swindling and stock-jobbing con- cern, with Austria on the eve of bankruptcy, with wrongs everywhere accumulated to be revenged by the people, with the conflicting in- | | terests of the reactionary powers themselves, | and with the Russian dream of conquest once | more revealed to the world. The Base of British Rule Shaking in India to the treatment of prisoners on trial for in- surrection. Imperial Economy. The British form of exploitation has run the whole course of capitalist colonial policy. In the beginning it saw India as a great commer- cial field, and a chance for outright loot. Now certain native manufacturers are encouraged, as a place to invest Bri pital, asa market for British machinery factories, and to exploit the low priced Indian labor power. Inevitably, h industry begins to develop (textiles) but the policy of the empire is to build a native bourgeois class that only feeds British profits, and fights the native proletariat. Conditions of the proletariat are horrible. The barracks em prevails in Calcutta, and other cities, with a standard of living not al- ways above starvation. Nevertheless terrific taxation, mortgages at high interest, wrecking of the ancient native irrigation systems in some parts, and tax farming continually drives the peasantry out of the country frying pan into the factory fire. Henchmen of Empire. On the side of Britain then are the large native landowners, the “zemindar” class (tax farmers and usurers), the uper caste of Hin- dus, the parasitic Mohammedan religious lead- ers, the christian group, the bourgeoisie (though it has some quarrels of its own and part of it will make a gesture against British rule) and of course the whole machinery of the British administration, including most of the student and professional class (with a section of these following the native bourgeois in a harmless gesture against the empire). Gandhi, in this situation, pla) role of Muste in the American | His function is to make the harmless gestures that will satisfy the bourgeois and studen and to draw into this channel, like a lightning rod, real revolutionary forces that arise among the brutally exploited peasantry and proleta- riat. Within recent weeks the revolutionary forces have short circuited and left Gandhi at least temporarily to one side. In the mass resistance to police attack and in the offensive, even, in Bombay yesterday, the proletariat fought pitched battles with the police, The nationalist movement is getting all tangled up with the strikes of both Mohammedan and Hindu work- ers for immediate economic gains. The Indian labor unions’ have their fakers, but the left wing recently got control of this All-India Trade Union Congress and the fakers are try- ing to form a dual organization, Masses Uniting. Whereas it is the policy of both British gov- ernment officials and native bourgeois without regard to the religion of the owner to use Mohamrhedans as scabs on Hindus, and vice versa, Tuesday in Bombay, in utter defiance of their religious leaders, the masses united in an attack on the British barracks. Recently armed bands, showing a knowledge of real military strategy, have raided British arsenals and seized weapons. Recently too, Indian police in Bombay have refused to move against salt raiders, and in Peshawar, native troops refused to fire on the crowd. The Sikhs have become very unreliable to the British. Need Leadership. The basis of British rule is seriously weak- ened, whether the British “Labor” Party can carry out its boast that “order will be kept,” ie, that the movement will be washed out in blood, or not. In the heat of a real struggle, much illusion, religious, Gandhist, bourgeois nationalist, is burned away. The Indian events of 1930 may very likely turn into India’s 1905, it is not im- possible that they will become India’s 1917. The masses suffer most of all from lack of Col nnist leadership, hut even this is being Communist influence is so strong n portions that the “Labor” Party ministry is solemnly warned of it in parlia- mentary discussion in London, and there is already a Marxist paper in India, “The Indian Worker.” i ‘ omewhat the labor movement.