The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 15, 1930, Page 4

2 Page a New Yc Square rk Addr City, Published by the Comprodatly 2ll checks to the Publishing Y. Telep Datly Worker Co, Ine, Galty, excent Sunday, n int 1696 Un 26-28 THE PRECONVENTION DISCUSSION Report on the Theses, De ered to Plenum of Central Committee by Comrade Browder, April Srd, 1980. T AND DEEP- CRISIS I, UNEVEN DEVELOPM ENING OF THE s. It ad tl at you It is not my purpose to repeat the thesi is taken for granted that you have thesis, that you have studied it have understood it. On this latter point some comrades may be inclined to raise some question. And if there is any misunderstanding, any lack of clarity in any point of the the it is particularly upon these points that we want to concentrate and to bring out what we believe are the most vital, the most essential leading points in the whole document and to establish very clee and definitely the line of the document. The thesis that was sent out in February i not presented to you as something final. particular formulation of the thesis is not the question here. What we are concerned with is the line of the thes Is the line correct, ade- quately stated, proper emphasis given on the most important leading points? First, I nt to discuss the question of the economic ¢ is of the United St and the world economic crisis. First of all, we must in the failure to develop a with the world economic crisis, the uneven de- velopment of the crisis. This was brought out with regard to the United States but was not sufficiently emphasized in the first draft on the world aspects. There was too much of a mechanical view of the crisis developing every- where, all over the world, at the same rate of speed. At least this conception was not guarded against by the specific statement in the docu- ment on the unevenness of the development as it expressed itself throughout the world. This principle of uneven development is something that is very important for us to examine con- eretely in every analysi We have, for example, the facts which are very important in their practical consequences, that the economic crisis, as it spreads over the world, effects different countries in different tempos and different forms of development. The economic ¢: has already struck Ger- many, for example, quite deeply. nd next to the United States, perhaps, the crisis in Ger- many already assumes its clearest features. In Great Britain it shows itself in a dif- y. In Germany there were many of s, before the crisis, of business boom comparable in some respects to the United States. Therefore the development of the crisi in Germany follows much the same course a in the United States. In Great Britain the de- velopment of the crisis takes different forms, due to the fact that there had been.no boom, but a constant decline, with the exception of a few “new industries.” The basic heavy in- dustries—coal, ete—had been going through 2 constant decline during the period when the industries of the United States and Germany and other sections of the capitalist world were going through the period of boom. The boom period being absent from the previous develop- ment, the crisis effects Great Britain different- ly. We do not see the same manifestations of crisis, but still very real effects of the develop- ing world economic crisis in intensifying the decline in Great Britain, which has extended over a long period of years You see in such countries as France a dif- ferent form of the development—a different tempo of the crisis. In France we see only the beginnings, the symptoms. The crisis in France is not yet matured as it has in most of the cap- italist countries of Europe. We see further the influence of the development of the world aspects of the economic crisis in the colonial countries. Here also we must say in our first draft of the thesis we overlooked a very im- portant point when we, without qualification, merely spoke of the world economic crisis be- ginning in the United States and spreading over the rest of the world. A closer vs of the development of the economic c probably establish that the economic c itself in the colonial and sew colonial countries, in the countries of produ tion of the raw material for the imperialist countries, especially in the countries of single culture, whose economic life depends upon the production of one single article of export for the world market. This is characteristic of the present period of the development of world im- perialism and has very important consequences in the development of the general crisis on a world scale, a subject which we have only now really begun to examine, and I point it out now Not to go into detail but merely to say that our understanding and our full elaboration of the picture of world economic crisis is only now beginning to be rounded out and made com- P The point to emphasize at present is that we must carefully continue the examination and analysis of the world situation to check up the factors of the unevenness of the develop- ment of the crisis and consequently the uneven development of the consequences of the crisis, sharpening of the class struggle and the de- velopment of the revolutionary movement. Then we must give attention to the question of the unevenness of the development of the economic crisis in the U. S. This has already been. treated in the first draft of the thesis sent out. This is rendered most obvious when Workers! Join the Party of Your Class! Communist Party U. S. A. 43 East 125th Street, New York City. I, the undersigned, want to join the Commu- nist Party. Send me more information. NAME 2.00. ceceesseeecnsccccsccccreessueses Occupation ......6.sereereeereeee ARC.e ees this to the Central Office. Communist 43 East 125th St.. New York, N. Y. | we notice how all the a pologists for capitalism, all of the opportun: seized upon these ele- ments of the uneven development, these fluc- tuatic within the g¢ ral crisis development which are not uniformly downward, in order to demonstrate that our analysis of the crisi is incorrect, in order to establish that the crisis is not so deep, not so important, not so bad, or if bad it is beginning to get better. This was particularly demonstrated during the months of January and February when the steel and machine industries after reaching an extremely low point at the end of the year go- down to 25 percent to 40 percent of capa- ty production, recovered from this extreme low point and, as in the case of the steel in- y, doubled production in the course of a few weeks, dus’ This course of development in these weeks of the basic leading industries in the U. S. was ely seized upon by the apologists of ism to try to establish the theory that s of the cri was passed and it will ily a few weeks before “normal will be established. We must also face the fact that this propa- ganda had some effect even upon our own Party, even upon good comrades whose only fault is perhaps a lack of serious and sustained attention to precisely such points as these. It is very important that we arm our movement from top to bottom, especially the leading cadres of our movement, to fit them to meet such problems and understand the significance of such immediate concrete facts as these. The sharp fluctuations in the steel industry, automobile industry, general machine produc- tion exemplify the tendency of economy as a whole, the generally uneven development of crises. There is first of all the struck fact that the crisis of production, ‘ies, and the de- s producing the mear the basic and leading industr velopment of the crisis was really led by these leading industries. These industries reached a low point of production far below the general decline of economy as a whole. In December the steel industry went below 40 percent of capacity; the automobile industry went below 25 percent of capacity, etc. Here at once we have a sharpening of the unevenness between various sections of economy which is of partic- ular great significance in two ways: First in its increased sharpening of the disproportion between the various sections of industry; and second, in the sharpening and making greater the fluctuations, the ups and downs taking place within the development of the crisis. The development of the crisis is not so much intensified by a particular immediate move- ment of one or another industry, as it is by the lack of stability, of lack of balance and equil- | ibrium between these various sections and their | crises in the U. S, relations to the market, in the creating of more contradictions within the various sections of industry. That is, not the steady downward decline of a particular industry is of so much significance as the sharpness of the fluctu- ations within the decline. We find that the development of steel, automobile, machinery production, ete. plunging to extreme low depths and then recovering to a certain point, so far from being evidence of the lack of the depths of the crisis, is itself intensifying the depths of the crisis. The crisis is made much more serious by the fact of this extreme fluctuation in the indus- tries, more than if the industries had more steadily decline down to the same or even a lower point. This unevenness and its sharp- ening by extreme fluctuations, are factors which result in extending the crisis and deep- ening it. Further, we have the unevenness of the tempo of the general development of the crisis. Thus in the first months of the crisis was # very sharp and rapid development, and then vith January we have a slowing down of the rate of development of the crisis. There may even be an upward turn of economy. In fact, adging from the experience of all past major we can say almost certainly t before the lowest point of the economic is reached, there will be a halt in the decline and a brief upturn, not only of separate industries but of the general economy of the country. If we take a line representing the general course of economy, the development of the crisis from the highest to the lowest point is not one of a general downward line, but is a zig-zag downward trend—a plunge downward, a partial recovery, and then a downward line again. With this in mind we can more clearly and definitely understand that the present period, in which there is in some industries a recovery, and in which we may expect to see perhaps even a small general recovery, so far from sig- nifying the ending of the crisis, is more a sign of preparation for the second downward plunge of economy. There are many other facts that could be cited, supporting this conception of the deep- ening of the crisis aside from the declining factors of ecoromy in all spheres. In the first draft of the Thesis that was sent out to you the concrete examination of the continuation of the crisis was largely omitted because of the fact that this was being written as a document for the convention which was three months in advance and such a concrete description of the situation of the moment would be out of date by that time. This Plenum has to supply the concrete examination of the economic situation of the moment, and this is contained in the shortened and re-written version of the thesis with which you have been furnished. (To Be Continued.) 4,000 Workers Locked Out BUDAPEST (By Inprecorr Press Service).— In answer to strikes ni various departments of the Danubius shipyard, involving about 1,000 workers, the management has decided to lock out the entire staff of 4,000 men. With the assistance of the police the employers are striving to break the strike by taking on strike- breakers. The reformist union is sabotaging the struggle. It has caused the socialist fraction in the Hungarian parliament to appeal to the labor minister for “an objective aal just in- quiry into the conflict.” at 26-28 Unton “DAIWORK." New York, N. ¥ hardest, most immediately, in the in-~ s 8 rey 4 er cs> Oi) CAD DON _ sarees By DOMENICK FLAIANL MERICAN capitalism, trembling before the growing revolutionary wave which is be- ginning to sweep the country and the world over, is resorting to fascist methods to “save | itself.” Raids, arrests, clubbing of workers, gas-bombs, breaking up of meetings, ete., are their last methods. New Jersey is a clear example of this ten- dency towards fascism on the part of capi- talism. Mayor Congleton of Newark, Chief of Po- lice McRell, the Public Service Co., the Stand- ard Oil Co., and the Manufacturers’ Associa- tion of Northern New Jersey are united with Governor Larson to railroad workers to jail who dare raise their protest against the un- bearable conditions in the factories and mills and against unemployment. Ten Arrested. Ten workers and workers’ leaders of New- ark were arrested on February 11 at an un- employed indoor m meeting. Among them were the New Jers Section Organizer of the Communist Party, and a Negro worker. These ten workers are facing jail sentences of fifteen years on a “sedition” charge. Nearly fifty arrests have been made by the police in the city of Newark alone in a per- iod of less than two months. Capitalist reac- tion and terror against the workers, organized and unorganized, employed and unemployed, is increasing. In spite of all and everything the Newark workers are forging ahead to- ward.a new era, toward renewed and victor- ious battles. | Only Workers Can Free Them. The ten workers who are facing fifteen years of jail sentences must be snatched away from the capitalist clutches. They must be set free, to continue their labors in the interest of the working class: of New Jer- sey; to lead the starving unemployed work- ers, for the struggle for “work or wages”, for the organization of the unorganized, for the building of the revolutionary trade unions, for the building of the only revolutionary party of the workers—the Communist Party of the U.S, A. Only the mighty power of the work- ers can set these ten valiant fighters of the working class free. Only the workers with their power can break down the iron bars of capitalism which imprison the best fighters of the working class. The fascist Judge Albone of the Fourth Pre- cinet, is plainly imitating his countryman, Mussolini. Four workers, who together with hundreds of Newark unemployed and employed workers, demonstrated under the leadership of the Communist Party and the Trade Union Unity League against the eviction of a Negro family, were sentenced by this fascist judge to 360 days in jail. The International Labor Defense appealed the case, Fear Mill-Gate Meets. Seven workers who attempte! to speak to workers of the Westinghouse Electric Manu- facturing Co. were arrested nad fined $50, and $25, with suspended sentences of from three to six months by Judge Howe, of the Second Precifict. Hungarian workers who demon- strated against the fascist flyer in the Newark airport were arrested and fined $50, and sus- spended jail sentences by the same Judge Howe. Judge SimenJl ordered the public spanking in court of a young Communist for giving out leaflets. Negro Workers Militant. The increasing militancy and ratlicalization on the part of the most exploited section of Baily [2s Worker Central Organ of the Communist Party of the U. S. A. | | ‘regime of the left-wing block for | TION RATES: By mail everywhere: One year $6; six months $3; two months $1; excepting Boroughs of Manheitan and Bronx, New York City, and foreign, which are: One year $8; six months $4.50 By Fred Ellis Cop: “Halt, all leaders of the unemployed are arrested.” Spectre: “You’d have to arrest hunger fist the working class—the Negro workers—has put fear into the very heart of capitalism in the city of Newark. The raid upon the un- employed workers’ mass meeting on Febru- ary 11th where the ten workers were arrested (Negro and white) was openly admitted by the city police chiefs and city authorities as being part of their drive of terror against the Negroes of this city who are responding to the call of the Communist Party and the Revolutionary Trade Union Unity League. The Negro district of the city is patrolled by the police day and night. White workers are for- bidden to enter into Negro districts at certain hours of the night. Mass arrests, raids, club- bing of Negroes, is a daily occurrence in New- The police and city authorities are open- nciting to lynching of Negroes, and “reds” who are organizing the Negroes and leading them to emancipation. Not the terror of the police or the hired of the boss class can stop the growing diseontent and revolt of the Negro and white workers. The more keen the wave of reaction and terror has shown itself in Newark and New Jersey, the greater the response of the work- ers has been in the struggle for their exis- tence and emancipation. Negro, white, yellow workers, workers of all races and nationalities, are joining the revo- tutionary movement of the workers, holding aloft the red banner of freedom, marching forward for the abolition of this capitalist system of society and for the establishment of a Workers’ Republic. The International Labor Defense—the shieid organization of the workers—has defended all the arrested workers in New Jersey, and is defending the ten workers and workers’ lead- ers of Newark who are facing long jail terms. The Daily Worker is the Party’s hest instrument to make contacts umong the masses of workers, to build «a mass Communist Party. Iron Heel of N. J. Trusts and Its Government rs: THE RIGHT DANGER IN THE ILLINOIS COAL FIELDS; PRE- PARATIONS FOR MAY Ist By NAT ROSS. ye correctness of the expulsion of the right wing Lovestone group from the Commu- nist Party was more than confirme] in the speediest and most sweeping way by the movement of American economy from econ- omic depression to economic crisis, beginning in the early fall of last year. The present economic crisis is ever-deepening and spread- ing to every corner of the imperialist world. This economic crisis coming as an integral part of the general crisis of capitalism in the third period of its decaying existence, has immediate world-historical revolutionary im- plications. And just as life has sent Lovestone and Co. into the camp of Wall Street so has it at the same time confirmed the correctness of the line of the Communist International and the Central Committee of our Party. March 6th in the United States was the dramatic ex- pression of the revolutionary correctness and clarity of perspective of the line of our Party. “Dizzy With Success.” Our brilliant victory on March 6th must not, however, intoxicate comrades. This vic- tory is only the beginning of our becoming the mass party of the American working class. Yet this victory has already had the effect of getting some comrades dizzy with success, and coupled with this, the fact that the Party had correctly expelled the right wing Love- stone group, has led to a tendency already no- ticeable that the Party is 100 per cent cor- rect in everything, and there is no right wing danger. Such a conception is anti-Leninist and has the most dangerous implications for the work of building a mass Communist Party in the present period of sharpening class strug- gles. * To overlook the Right danger in the Party is to entertain it in its crassest form. The Right danger exists in our Party and is par- ticularly sharply expressed by comrades in the Illinois coal fields. It expressed itself in the failure of the Illinois National Miners’ Union fraction to recognize the tempo of develop- ment of the struggle in the coal fields, and the growth of social fascism in an organized form as exemplified by the birth of the Howat group at the Peabody Coal Co. Springfield Convention. The Right danger expressed it- self in the failure to build rank and file strike committees in the Dec. 9th strike of the Na- tional Miners’ Union in Illinois and in the gen- eral pessimism and underestimation of the radicalization of the miners and their deter- mination to fight, as well as the failure at the present time to energetically put forward the building of rank and file committees of action (pit or mine committees) as the main instrument of struggle. Right Danger March 6th. Again the Right danger showed its ugly op- portunist head around the March 6th demon- stration. It expressed itself against open demonstrations, in fear of the masses, espe- cially in fear of the native American miners, and holding back the face of the Party, in failure to work among the Negroes, in pessi- mism and capitulation before difficulties, in excess legalism, in failure to work in and around the mines, in underestimation of the social-fascist role of the socialist party, the Musteites and the Trotskyites in the coal fields, and generally in the most shameful un- derestimation of the radicalization of the miners, and the depth and meaning of the economic crisis in the United States and the world crisis of capitalism, as well as under- estimation of the present danger of war, espe- cially war against the Soviet Union. On March 6th we had only one successful mass demonstration in So, Illinois. In Spring- field we mobilized about 5,000 miners and other workers. Our other demonstrations were not successful owing mainly to the pre- valence of the Right danger, shortage of Par- ty forces and local leadership, slighting of “petty” details, ete. 600 Miners Demonstrate. The Party has continued the sharpest ideological struggle against the Right danger. Fruitful results have already been shown by the fact that in Eldorado (a town of almost entirely American miners) whereas we mob- ilized only about 75 miners on March 6th, on April 1st over 600 miners demonstrated mili- aes against unemployment before the city all, The successful demonstration of April 1st proves that if we carry out a real struggle against the Right danger we can mobilize the masses of miners for May 1st, The objective situation in the coal fields is tremendously favorable for building a mass Party. The per- | manent crisis in the coal industry deepened by the general economic crisis, manifests it- self in mass unemployment (about 90 per cent of the 50,000 Illinois miners are either out of work entirely, or work only a day or two a week), in speed-up, wage cuts, and general worsening of the miners’ conditions. The radi- calization of the miners is indicated by the growth of social-fascism, Howat & Co., which tries to demoralize the bitterly exploited and BRUSSELS (By Inprecorr Press | tors, secuted christians in Russia.” in large numbers, Russian white guard officers, unfortunate specula- Peasant Demonstration in Civray PARIS (By Inprecorr Press Ser- vice).—In Civray-sur-Chey the Com- munist poor-peasant Girard Virgile, who was sentenced to pay a fine of several thousand francs during the | his agitation against the war in’ Morocco, has now been threatened with the auctioning of all his prop- erty unless he finally pays the fine. onstration, A Right Goodly Company Russian bourgeois | Service).—The papal nuntius cele-/ brands, not forgetting the “social- brated a special mass of interces- | ists,” the wife of the missing Gen- sion in the cathedral of St. Gudala eral Kutiepov, of whom rumor has on Sunday on behalf of the “per- | it that he is over the hills and far The ' away in the Argentine with a cho- company gathered in the church was rus girl, Belgian capitalists who typical of those interested .n the ' have had their property in Russia | anti-Bolshevist crusade. The priests confiscated by the revolution, rep- | of the Russian church were present | resentatives of the Belgian royal family and representatives of the Belgian war ministry. Last Sunday the poor peasants, landworkers and workers of the | neighborhood assembled in front of Virgile’s cottage and held a meet- ing, after which they marched with red flags through Civray and dem- onstrated before the Maire. workers had come in from the neigh- boring town ‘of Tours for the dem- of all Service.) —Todays speakers were: von Papen, minister of the Reich von Keudell, Karow; Ex-Minister Raumer, Many | Keyserling, Count Arnim von Mus- starving miners, and to keep them from join- ing the fighting National Miners’ Union. But these operators’ tools will not succeed. Al- ready the District Convention of the National Miners’ Union held on April 5 and 6, has laid down plans to smash these Musteites and “so- cialists” and to build the NMU by fighting for elementary economic conditions for the miners. In mobilizing for our May Jat demonstra- tions in Eldorado, West Frankfort, Belleville and Springfield, we have called general Party membership meetings. We are also calling a_ynited front May Day conference in Liberty Hall, Zeigler and in Springfield, both for Sun- day, April 20th at 2 p. m. We are drawing into our May Day work, unions, auxiliaries, fraternal, language, singing societies, etc., all under the leadership of the Communist Party. We are sending May Day calls to these or- ganizations and speakers on the “Tradition and Present Significance of May Day.” We have issued a May Day outline for discussion in the Party and League nuclei. In our prep- arations for the May Day demonstrations we will make a broad distribution of leaflets and literature, in the miners’ homes and meeting places, and particularly in and around the mines. We are preparing to put out three mine bulletins immediately. We will post the May Day leaflets and placards around the mines and on the highways. and we will sten- cil the main streets, Experience has taught us that failure to carry out these “small” things, militate against the success of our demonstrations. The conditions in the mines are so unbear- able that local strikes, especially against ra- tionalization and unemployment break out regularly. By concentrating on a few mines we actually can get the miners to strike and demonstrate on May Day. Miners have al- ways looked up to May Day as the glorious holiday of international proletarian solidarity and struggle against capitalist exploitation and war. Under the major slogans of Work or Wages and Defend the Soviet Union. we are march- ing forward to muss uemonstrations and strikes on May Day im the fii:fvis coal field. By doing this we are helping to prepare the mass political strike of the American work- ing class on May Day. The Working Class Educational Conference By GRACE MAUL. ee Provisional Committee appointed to ar- range the program for the Working Class Educational Conference which will be held at the Workers School, 26-28 Unicn Square, on \/ Saturday afternoon, April 19, at 2 p. m., an- nounces the following agenda: 1. A report on Working Class Education which will cover the following points: (a) A survey of Working Class Education and Propaganda in New York City} (b) A dis- cussion of the nature of Werking Class Education; (c) The Next Steps in Working Class Education. 2. A representative of the Provisional Committee will make a re- port. 3. Report by a representative of the Trade Union Unity League on the tasks of working class Education in the Trade Unions. Following these reports there will be oppor- tunity for discussion in whick sll the dele- gates- will participate. The plans of the Provisional Committee in- clude the establishment of a permanent body which will aid. the various organizations in the carrying on of their educational and pro- paganda work. One of the most important tasks of the con- ference will be the consideration of the whole problem of working class ecucsrtion in rela- tion to bourgeois education. There is a mis- conception prevalent in the minds of many people that the function of working class edu- cation is to provide educational opportunity for workers who because of economic neces- sity have been forced to leave the public schools and thus have not received the edu- cation provided by the bourgeois state. This is not the role of working class education. It must do something more than fill the gap of missing bourgecis education. It must teach the workers the class nature of society, and prepare them for participation in the class struggle. It must train working class leaders and functionaries for working class‘ organ- izations and leadership. It must give them a knowledge of social forces and an understand- ing of the place of the workers in the great labor struggles of the day and of struggles facing them in the future. Able, trained, militant leaders are needed in the revolutiem ary labor movement. These must’be trained in working class educational institutions, This whole question of working class edu- cation will be discussed at the Conference which has been called by the Trade Union Unity League and the Workers School for Saturday afternoon, April 19th. All working class organizations should send their dele- gates to participate in this discussion, Further Anti-Soviet Revelations BERLIN (By Inprecorr Press; kau, Under Secretary von Kamecke, “Rote Fahne” publishes a list of the most impor- | tant speakers at the anti-soviet con- ference which took place here. The Count Bodo von Alvensleben, Count von Westarp, Professor Yilyin, white guardist emigrant, the ex- interior for the the bishop of Berlin, Dr. Schreiber; the Protestant superintendent, General Professor Dr. Schreiber; the Protestant superintendent, Gen- eral Dibelius; Freiherr. von Gail, Ex-Minister Gessler (Reichswehr) Prof. Dr. Wolf. A letter from Paul Scheffer, the prominent correspond- ent of the democratic “Berliner Tageblatt” and former correspond- ent in Moscow, was read. The “Rote Fahne” points to the serious conse- quences of the fact that prominent members of the governniental par- ties took part in the anti-soviet con- ference, and expresses the opinion jthat they were there with the knowl- edge and consent of the govern- ment. Catholic Count von To Whitewash Vote-Buying of Bosses WASHINGTON, April 14.--Sen- ator Hiram Johnson, a close sup- porter of Hoover has declined to serve on the committee to “investi- .gate” campaign expenditures of candidates for the U.S. Senate. The committee will begin with a fake in- vestigation of the expenditures of McCormick-Deneen in the 9