The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 15, 1930, Page 3

J DAILY WORKER, WEW YORK, TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 1930 Page Three THE DEMONSTRATION IN ELDORADO--AS SEEN BY A WORKER Nearly Whole Working Population in Mining Town Marched in Defiance of the Police ; Unemployed Workers Who Demonstrated (By a Worker Correspondent) ELDORADO, II!.—In regard to the Saline County unemployment demonstration on April 1 at Eldorado. About 700 marched from the hall to the City Hall and as the line passed the City Hall, the “law” stopped the line of marchers. Then some of the hungry unemployed asked for permission to speak to the workers, They asked to use the vacant lot north of the City Hall. On the same lot Sheriff Cain and the city law refused to let them use the ground, and said that they would be trespassing. Then they asked for a chance to go uptown and speak. They flatly refused and told they had no use for a bunch of Reds and told them to get off the streets. Most of the workers were marching. I heard one of the party demand his constiutional rights as an American citizen. But the workers are learning now that the law pro- videe for no one but the capitalist class. If you think this is a free country for the workers, ask for a chance to feed your kiddies. Ask the rotten county, state and federal government to provide a way and their answer will be a blackjack and the jail with a damn good beating after they got you inside of the jail, like Sheriff Cain with his hench- man Hazel, one of Eldorado's “good citizens” did to one of the speakers by the name Ross. They jailed James Tierney of Eldorado. One of the Fishwick stool pigeons intimidated him till he got his ears smacked just like a little girl by the name of Ellen Gwaltney got for singing. I say that was their last resort to start a riot so they could club, shoot and kill a few more workers. The voters of Saline County should take the demonstration as an example of what kind of treatment they like before yoting. Join the Communist Party! —MINER. (JOBLESS COMM, GALLS FOR Big MAY 1 STRIKE [Urges 50,000 More for (Continued from Page One) |veply to a question the reporter was |told that any personal hardships ‘that the members of the workers’ Unemployment Committee might have to endure were not important and that we did not care to talk about them. “Upon being asked how the food was in the jail, we replied that everyone knows that the food of | all prisoners in the jails of New| York is stolen by the Tammany graft machine. It was this which was completely perverted into alie to the effect that we were on hun- ger strike. All For the Fight. “I can speak for all of the pris- oners when I say that the question of railroading of the workers’ Un- »mployment Committee must never be allowed to sink to the level of personalities, but must always be coupled up with the big fight which must grow larger and larger every day for the demands of the unem- ployed! Social Insurance, Work or | Wages. “In this morning's capitalist GENEVA ECONOMIC MEET OF IMPERIALISTS IS DIRECTED AGAINST USSR Went On at Same Time As Race for Arma- | ments in London | | for Spoils The almost corresponding failure | powers became evident as soon as of the London naval conference and|the confeience met. The delegates the Geneva economic conference, | fought like hungry wolves. The re- | which have been going on at about |sult of the conference could easily | the same time, presents a very re-|be expected. As Leland Stowe, the | vealing picture in the polities of the correspondent of the Herald Tri- | world of capitalism. Both confer- | bune, stated, “The Geneva economic; Thug’s, Murdered by Wall Street Marines One of the many Nicaraguan workers murdered by U. S. marines | . : { . a * ‘ if ankers. Fishwick Had Stool Pigeons Against Hungry| Revolutionary Unions Capitalist Antagonisms Expressed in Fight | i th interes of the Wall Street bank FOR NEW UNION Threats Fail to {48 DELEGATES IN CHIGAGO PLAN MAY DAY STRIKE Is Workers Answer to Boss Terror 'LONGSHOREMEN (17 CONVICTED IN LOS ANGELES | of five now in jail, and condemned Powers and Carr Tried ences were delayed and protracted, | conference has failed to form a bloc | \the Geneva conference, unlike the of European powers.” | | London parley, however, having def- jinitely resulted in “agreement” which is nothing more The only |than a scrap of paper. | difference is that the London con- | |ference involves all the big capital- ist powers of the world, while the | Geneva conference is only a gather- | jing of the European countries. a patched-up | As in London, where the delegates | jattempt to cover up the failure by | a three-power treaty, the Geneva | | politicians signed a general com- | mercial agreement which, if ratified iby the respective governments, will only be valid for one single year. | |The stumbling block of ratification | may still prove fatal to this fragile for Life, Monday (Continued from Page One) Stop Organizing | (Continued from Page One) the launching of a new union, th Philadelphia longshoremen turned up in force and packed the hall. Forty-one lined up in the Marine |the sole purpose of protesting | Workers League and threw away |against unemployment, are being their old buttons. jheld for trial on April 21 on| The meeting was largely attended | Rareys catrying the penalty of | e organizer for the Young Communist | League, arrested on March 9 at an} indoor meeting in Atlanta, held fer | The Geneva economic conference, | instrument. New meetings of the which did not receive much public | Zuropean powers to discuss the pro- |attention on account of the London |longation of the agreement are leonference, represents an attempt |scheduled for November and Janu- ‘on the part of the European capi- | ary. | talist powers to consolidate the bloc | Despite all the discussions, the | | against the Soviet Union on the inherent contradictions among the | lone hand and to organize an econo- | European powers are becoming | mic united front against the United | sharper every day. Not “organized by Negro longshoremen, It voted unanimously to send a rank and file delegation to the national conven- tion of the Marine Workers League in New York on April 26 and pro- posed an immediate program to or-| ganize to send real representation for the port on the 50-50 basis, Negro and white. The challenge of the local labor The charges now leveled against | |the two leaders are “Inciting to Insurrection,” and “Circulating In- surrectionary Papers.” The International Labor Defense has noted the crude manoeuvers of the court in Atlanta, shifting the |charges from “unlawful assembly,” then “throwing of tear gas bombs” He’s a Daily Booster (By a Worker Correspondent) DETROIT, Mich—Having read the Daily Worker, which was passed to me and which I passed on to the next fellow, I became very inter- ested, as a lot of people don’t even know of its existence. I advocate it wherever I go, my facts based on what I read in the Daily and the rotten conditions as they exist. The capitalists sure did make a lot of first-class Commu- nists by~ their rotten high-handed methods on March 6. We should have the slogan: Remember March 6. I hope to live long enough to Now—an Ex-Catholice | papers even a hypocritical spok jman for the capitalist class admits come to work about 20,000 came |now that there are 6,600,000 jobless and a lot of them waited all night.| workers in the United States of about 9 o’clock they hired about 500 | short of the reality. The fight for slaves to go home. So the slaves jand higher and more political stage started to put on a demonstration. |on May First. So at a snap of the bo finger| “Our statement dictated through the cossacks came over, using their \2 wire screen to the capitalist re- old tricks and a new one, to clear | porters outlined the well-known un- the crowd away with tear gas employment program, pointing out bombs, which they used freely. that on May Day will be a bigger This happened March 31. I have }mass demonstration than occurred ceased pounding the street, looking |on March 6 and forecasted the mass for a thing that don't exist. I be-/character of the coming National lieve that the bulls (cops) in De-| Unemployment Convention in Chi- troit are as rotten as any of them. cago on July 4 and 5, I also char- So, aft vaiti Il night until | America, this of cou: being far; sys . * oe tie jo, after waiting all night until | America, this of course Oppositional Victory in Leipzig or less and fold the rest of the the unemployed will reach a new} States of America on the other. | However, all the unbridgeable an- tagonisms between the different | BERLIN (By Inprecorr Press Service.) —- The workers’ council election for the Leipzig Tramways resulted in a fine victory for the list of the revolutionary trade union opposition, Reformists, 2,040 (2,336) votes and seven (nine) seats, revo- lutionary trade union opposition list 2,444 (2,135) votes and nine (eight) seats. The figures in brackets were last year’s results. In addition the 'Christian Trade Union list received capitalism” but revolution is the solution for the contradictions of jcapitalism, 556 votes and two seats. The revolutionary trade union op- position list also won victories in the rubber goods factory, Steinberg, in Cologne, and in the weaving mills of Conrad in Baden. In a wagon building works in Gotha Thuringia the list of the revolutionary trade union opposition received nine- tenths of the total votes. A similar victory was won in a large scale bakery, Kloss, in Hamburg. fakers was accepted by all those |to those finally lodged against them. | present who voiced the cry “if one! ‘The International Labor Defense, of us gets fired we all get fired.” Atlanta office, states that in seek~ “No more paying money into a ing to liberate Powers and Carr, fightless dues collecting agency un-|it will “completely expose the der the bosses? control.” “What we| motives behind the actions of the want is a new fighting industrial) police of Atlanta in preventing the union.” One of the members of the | meeting; and of the capitalists, who LL.A. read certain clauses of the so-| would railroad these two working called ILL.A. agreement exposing the ¢lass leaders to the electric chair. | sellout of the officials by the ac-| eee ceptance of the unrestricted sling | Detective Throws Bomb. |load and the fake conciliation pro-} The meeting at which Powers and | posals of the bosses. Carr were arrested a detective | In concluding the meeting the rolled a tear gas bomb in on the i speaker of the evening, James Me- floor, which drove everybody from Grath, local M.W.L, secretary, point-|the meeting. ed out that any organization that; The International Labor Defense see March 6 made a national holi- is not based on the class struggle branch in Chatanooga has raised (Continued from Page One) committees for organized participa tion of the working class organiza- tions in the demonstration. The conference demanded the un- conditional release of the delegation the police terror and raid on the Communist Party headquarters. The delegates demanded the release of all class war prisoners. * oe * A special resolution on the Daily Worker and the Young Worker, pledging full support to the circula- tion drives was adopted. Formation of workers’ defense corps for the defense of white and Negro workers was unanimously decided on. A committee of twenty-five was elected to carry on the tasks of the mass political strike and demonstra- tion on May Ist. The conference was full of revo- lutionary spirit and determination. It was the workers’ answer to the police terror. Thirteen comrades arrested last night are still held. The Party has issued a leaflet stating that the at- tack of the boss police on the Com- munist Party is an attack against the working class, calling on the workers to rally around the Party to prevent the capitalist class from driving the Party underground. A mass protest meeting against | police raids will be held. The con- ference ordered 25,000 copies of the Daily Worker for May Day dis- tribution, Over 500 workers assembled at a mass meeting to protest the jailing of the Gastonia strikers and against the beating and jailing of Chicago unemployed workers, and the smashing of the Communist Party headquarters. Speakers were International La- But every dog has his day. |acterized the star-chamber convic- They used to call it Detroit the | tion of the Unemployed Commit- Beautiful, such an insult to the peo- | tee as a typical example of the rail- | tple’s intelligence. I’d rather have |roading of workers’ representatives | | is doomed to failure as the condi-| $100 for the defense of Powers andj | tions of the workers become more | Carr. miserable. ce day, with Communism established at Washington, D. C., and in the whole country. bor Defense Attorney Goldman, Roumania, Ferguson, a Negro work- er and Nels Kjar. Steve Rubicki Rumanian Bosses Forbid Truth on Crisis BUCHAREST, Rumania (LP.S.).| ors” in the press, in public meet- ~ So, you see, we are all for it. Now, in regard to the rotten con- ditions here. When Ford’s under- studies notified their employes to red blood than wear a white father |in a capitalist court, In addition to gs or private discussion calculated | Although the L.A. officials claim | Beaten In Cells. and a yellow streak. Communism for ever! —AN EX-CATHOLIC. Speed Them Up, Rob Them in I. Miller Shoe (By @ Worker Correspondent) The workers in I. Miller Shoe Co. are supposed to be the most skilled workers in the trade. But that don’t make any difference— we are exploited just the same and maybe more than other shoe workers. For instance, we get wages from 65 to 95 cents a pair in my department. If we damage a pair just a little, so that it can be fixed, we have to pay a fine of $3, even though I. Miller can sell the shoe just the same. So no wonder I. Miller would just as well speed us up and work us harder—it don’t make any differ- ence to him if we damage more shoes or not. If we make a bigger damage material in the shoe is worth only $2. Then the worker gets the shoe for himself. But as we make very high quality shoes for ladies, a worker has no use for such shoes, The workers then would raffle these shoes off, and each one would pay 10 cents just to help out his fellow-worker. Maybe the $7 would be collected that way, but it is the workers that are pay ing for it anyway, and I. Miller made his profits just the same. The workers of I. Miller ought to join the Independent Shoe Workers Union. Then we could all say go to hell to Secretary of Labor Davis and his drive against the only real shoe workers union, and we could get some conditions in our trade. we have to pay $7, although the —A SHOE SLAVE. Robbing Jobless Phila. Office Workers (By a Worker Correspondent) PHILADELPHIA, — About two months ago, a Philadelphia daily, in order to show how sympathetic they were toward labor and especi- ally the unemployed and how eager they were to relieve the out-of- works, established what they called a Free Employment~ Service—evi- dently to stimulate circulation by taking gdvantage of mass unem- ployment. When applying at this office, of course, you are told that it is not necessary to place a situation want ad in their. paper in order to secure a position, as their service is sup- posed to be free, but they say, na- turally the ones that have placed an ad in their paper will be the first ones chosen in case they get calls for such work the applicant can do, as. this paper keeps in touch, by mail, by radio, by circulars, ete., with the employers who are looking for cheap wage-slaves to exploit. Consequently, to try my luck and to see how willing they were to find work for people, I consented to have an ad put in the paper for three days. This cost me almost $3.00. Several weeks have passed since then, but not one reply! In short, I was robbed in the most subtle and gentlemanly manner. ~ This is another of those capitalist tricks, fellow-workers, and especial- ly office workers! These capitalist bandits, greedy profiteers, and bloodthirsty parasites will rob your very last cent when you are most in need of it and after that suck your very last drop of blood. —Unemployed Office Worker. How Dayton “Cares for” the Unemployed (By a Worker Correspondent) DAYTON, Ohio—A committee of prominent Dayton bosses, who con- stitute a permanent body, to look into the unemployment situation in this city, failed to see that the fed-| eral census enumergtors were sel- ected from the ranks of the unem- ployed here, but on the contrary those selected for the job were the wives, sons, daughters, of the bosses ABM otharh, than those in need of work. With many factories here still re- ducing their forces, and working the remaining workers three and four days a week, the city commission voted the poor city railway com- panies an increase in car fare from five to seven cents during the past week,- Yet many Dayton workers still put their faith in these capi- talist flunkies by electing these fakers to the city commission, in- stead of representativse of their own class. c —DAYTON WORKER. A Militant Negr (By a Worker Correspondent) NEW YORK CITY.—I am writ- ing you this letter because I am in- terested in you. And I am sure in doing so to better our conditions. I started working in the dress shop of Wasserman and Caibe, 247- 268 W. 37th St., when I was 17 years old. I was making $15 a week. The lgst place I worked there was a strike, Of course, I was like most young people and didn’t understand ‘o Dress Worker that I was greatly mistaken, They are the real working class. They don’t strike because they don’t want to work. They fight because they want to get a living wage. So I made up my mind that I would or- ganize that not only that I would be helping myself, but others. And the only way we can expect to het- ter our conditions is to become or- ganized and fight. Join the union, Jewish or gentile, colored or white. the ful] meaning of it. I used to think that strikes meant that people didn’t want to work, In fact, I thought the union was the workers’ meer enemy. But I have found out All for one and one for all. And in doing this we will make ourselves independent workers, not the bosses’ slaves, —A Negro Girl, Dress Worker. |night-sticks, blackjacks, tear bombs, prison for their representatives is the answer of the capitalist state —On March 24 the government in- troduced its so-called Credit Pro- \tection Law. Even bourgeois news- |to damage the credit of the state or of the private financial institu- i tions of the country. The occasion a paid up membership of 1800 in Philadelphia out of from 6,000 to 7,000 longshoremen the rank and to the demands of the working | Papers describe this law as the taken for introducing this law was file question those padded figures. |class on unemployment. But this |most reactionary piece of terrorist |the storm on the Marmorosch Bank, As in all other ports the conditions janswer will not be accepted by the | legislation during the last ten years. | which almost led to the collapse of | of the longshoremen of Philadelphia |working class any more than wa: Whalen’s tyrannical order at Union |Square on March 6. 50,000 Recruits. “Tell the workers for us that the drive for 50,000 new members of |the Trade Union Unity League and |the revolutionary unions affiliated \to it is the way toward the next | great advance of our class. Upon this every sincere and militant |worker must concentrate his untir- ling energy. “I cannot close this statement | without comment on the activities jof Benjamin Gitlow, a former mem- |mer of our Communist Party, now la deserter and renegade. “His action in regard to the com- ing May Day demonstrations of the New York workers show that Git- low is now playing the part of a scab, “Gitlow is no better than a police agent, and he is now being pushed forward by the capitalist press as a “Communist,” just as the same capitalist press pushes forward Carlo Tresca as a “Communist” land Norman Thomas as a_spokes- man for labor—these being mere political ‘undercover men” of the | capitalists against the workers.” Pee Parade In San Antonio, SAN ANTONIO, Texas, (by mail).—Five thousand jobless and militant workers, many of them Mexican arid Negro workers, assem- bled at the Flores St. entrance of the city hall here April 6, after a parade with banners through the main streets of the town and past the Mexican consulate, brought out Mayor Chambers and presented to him the demands of the unemployed, in the shape of a resolution adopted by the demonstrators. The resolu tion when read to the crowd re- ceived hearty cheers for each of its demands for Unemployment insur- ance, abolition of child labor, aboli- tion of speed-up system, abolition of overtime, food for the unemployed workers’ children attending school, no evictions of unemployed workers, abolish vagrancy law against unem- ployed workers, abolish contracting with laborers. We demand laborers should be hired by day or week. Banners in, the procession carried these demands, and also a demand on the government and the bosses for “less talk and more action,” in the way of unemployment relief. There were many speakers in Span ish and in English. The U. S. department of state had wired Governor Moody and he prevent the parade from passing the Mexican consulate. In defiance of this, it stuck to its original line of march, ** # Dies From Eating Dough, COLUMBUS, Ohio, April 14.-- Robert Turney, age 28, a Negro worker, died in city prison April 9, three hours after being arrested for the effects of eating a quantity of raw dough there to still the pangs of hunger. Turney has a wife and child, to whom he gave what little food he has been able to beg recent- a ‘he law provides hard labor sen-|a number of big Rumanian banks. tences from 6 months to 2 years |The storm is alleged to have been for all persons who spread “ru-|caused by unfounded rumors. 2,000 Soviet Engineers Combat War Threat MOSCOW (IPS).—A mass meet-)and national freedom firmly estab- {ing of 2,000 engineers, professors |lished. The meeting expressed the ;and other Soviet intellectuals took | hope that all progressive intellec place here recently and protested in|tuals in the capitalist countries sharp words against the anti-Sovict, would oppose the crusade of the crusade organized by the capitalist | powers of darkness and ignorance poli various churches. The resolution de- | in the Soviet Union. The well-known clares that the Soviet Union is the | professors Abrikossov, Bushinski only country in the world where | and Yariloy expressed a wish to be the church and state are separated | accepted as members of the Com- completely and religious tolerance! munist Party. Social-Fascists Betray Strikers PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia (IPS).| that their demands would be grant- —Three weeks ago the formers in| ed. The formers have again gone on the Vitkovitz iron works went on| strike hecause in the meantime the , jans and the luminaries of the | against the building up of socialism | are rotten. Speed up and overload- | ing of slings have resulted in num-| | erous accidents while the same graft | as in New York is carried on by the bosses together with the union of- | ficials. A graft side line of the time) | keeper of Murphy Cooks who has |a habit of picking up men in all | kinds of bootleg dives is the loaning | of money to longshoremen at exor- |bitant rates of interest on their | work checks. These individuals who | ply this trade are known as “pig | merchants” on the Atlantic coast. CHICAGO, Ill, April 14.—May Day preparations are being ener- getically continued here in spite of jthe attempt at terrorism conducted by the police department Saturday. After arresting the children who perticipated in the demonstration for the release of Harry Eisman, |the police smashed up the Young | Pioneers’ and the Communist Party offices, and at that time arrested also Sam Don, Leo Fisher, Dora Lipshitz, Dave Mates, Luba Corn- gold, Lydia Beidel, Frank O’Brien, and two others. Mates and several others were [severely beaten up by the police. The attack on the Pioneer demon- stration was also conducted with great brutality. RushFunds Hundreds Need Defense had ordered Mayor Chambers, to/ entering a bakery shop and from) strike, but agreed to return to work after the social democratic leaders of the workers council had promised reformists have not even reported | the result of the negotiations. 200| men are out. ly. He has been unemployed for some time. After his death, it was found that his wife had nothing to eat for three days. The International Labor Defense is holding a mass meeting Thursday in the Negro workers’ section of | this city, and the workers and un- jemployed are planning a big de- monstration and political mass strike on May 1. se * Little Full Time In Mass. BOSTON, Mass., Apri] 14—Over | 4,500 workers in Massachusetts fac- tories were added to the unemployed |army in Mareh, according to state department of labor figures. A lecrease of 15 per cent in hosiery | workers’ employment was caused by | mills which shut down entirely “for reorganization.” Only three minor | industries reported all workers on | full time. In 19 of 25 cities can- vassed only half the plants em- ployed 50 per cent or more of the | workers full time, | Accept Challenge | (Continued from Page One) | spective goals. “The Cleveland District has taken | the Daily Worker drive seriously, | and this is shown by the immediate | | preparations made by the Buro—| | studying and applying the national | |campaign program to the district | | with a detailed plan of revolution- ary competition among the Section | Committees and nuclei,” writes the | committee in the Cleveland District | elected to carry out this challenge. | Wide preparations have already | been made under the direction of | Comrades John Fromholtz, M. | Stamm and J. Mazek. Carrier cards | for house to house distribution have | been issued. Posters and sub blanks will be distributed. Every- thing is being done to exceed the quota both in Daily Worker sub- seriptions obtained in the factory gate distributions and in finances ‘for supporting the mass circulation drive. THE PARTY viding the Party membership for One Year for Send all orders and 39 East 125th Street An indispensable hand book which must be used by every functionary of the Party and every member who must be trained for leading work in the Party. ORGANIZER April is the Prosecution Month for the Capitalist Class LET APRIL BE A RED LETTER DAY OF WORKING CLASS SOLIDARITY The Unemployed Delegation: Foster, Minor, Amter, Lesten and Raymond are being railroaded to jail in one of the most barefaced “class vengeance” trial ever witnessed. q Harry Eisman—sentenced to five years in the reforma- tory, the school of criminals, 4 Hundreds of parents are being persecuted as a result of the March 6th demonstration. Food and shoe workers arrested in their fight for the tight to picket and organize. William Shifrin—charged with murder—now on trial. Newark—7 unemployed workers charged with sedition— Negro, white and many others—deportations, persecutions, 4 More Every Day!—Struggle Increases! Rush Funds! Thousands Needed in Cash! International Labor Defense District Office; 799 Broadway Room 422 New York City Its contents should be discussed at Unit meetings, at meetings of yarious fractions and in reading circles, PUBLISHED MONTHLY, and will continue to do so pro- makes its appearance possible through regular purchase of bundle orders and secur- ing of subscriptions, Ten cents per Copy—Yearly Sub, $1.00 Combination Offer with The Communist only Two Dollars subscriptions to the WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS New York City MAY DAY = BUTTONS WITTE OUR SLOGANS WORK OR WAGES DEFEND THE SOVIET UNION * Are Ready and Shonld Re Ordered trom the DISTRICT OFFICE OF THE PARTY Prices: 10¢ ver button to individuals Te ner hntton to nnits and organizations COMMUNIST PARTY U.S, CENTRAL OFFICE 4% Ennt 125th Street New York City Ore was the chairman. The meeting de- manded the unconditional release of | all class war prisoners and raised funds for bail and defense. important matters edt Gad Every city, large and small, must understand that Mass Distribution and Sale of the Daily Worker will mobilize workers for the May Day demonstrations. We must reach the workers in shop, mine and mill, with the Par- ty’s May Day slogans and tasks. Make use of the Daily Worker to increase the mass response even above March 6. Philadelphia has placed an or- der for 25,000 copies, Seattle wants 25,000 copies. Detroit has ordered 100,000 copies, New York is planning a dis- tribution of 140,000 copies, Rush in Your Order Any Regular Daily 4-Page Issue $6.00 a thousand Any Regular Saturday 6- Page Issue $8.00 a thousand May Day Greetings! to the DAILY WORKER! to the Revolutionary Working Class Movement! May Day greetings to the Daily Worker and through the Daily Worker to the revolu- tionary movement of the working class are on the order of the day. We call upon all workers in mass organizations, all to request their organiza- tions to send Greetings to the Daily Worker for the May First edition of our paper. Send in a $5, a $10, a $25 greeting, show your solidarity with the Daily Worker, and at the same time help to dis- tribute tens of thousands of copies among the workers in the big industries. Daily Worker | 26-28 Union Sq. New York