The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 19, 1928, Page 3

4HE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY ae JULY 19, 1928 Page Three Baroni, Italian Trade Unionist, Framed by Blackshirts in Milan Bomb Outrage WORLD CONGRESS OPEN IN MOSCOW AS MANY ATTEND Communists Call For Greater Struggle Continued from Page One * publics and Colonies, which have left the world capitalist stem and which are fighting” against world capitalism for world socialism. The draft further attacks the social democracy as the chief sup- port of capitalism in the camp of the workers and regards all other tendencies, like anarchisqn, guild so- cialism, ete., as social democratic forms. The draft declares that relations between the Communist Parties of the West and East are a prelimin- ary condition for proletarian hege- mony and dictatorship, The plenary session of the Cen- tral Committee of the All-Union Communist gParty has approved the draft and appealed to the members to file proposals for corrections with the Program Committee of the Sixth Congress. Grain. Continuing his address, Stalin then dealt with the questions of grain policy. He pointed out that the adoption of extraordinary meas- ures succeeded, in the beginning of 1928, in recovering the ground lost during the previous y and in overcoming the grain crigis. “The results for this January to March are normal, though the de- struction of the autumn plantings in the South Ukraine and Northern Caucasia have caused strong pres- sure on the peasant supplies in other districts at a time when the harvest prospects are still uncertain. This has resulted in a recrudescence of the extraordinary measures such as illegal searching of the peasants’ farms, etc., which have endangered the workers’ and peasants’ alliance. “Of course, the workers’ and peasants’ alliance has not been de- stroyed, but only endangered. Some comrades have lost their heads and exaggerated the danger, the speaker said, but the prospects of a good harvest and the abandonment of the extraordinary measures have caused the situation to. become peaceful again. Farms_Split Up. “The basis of the grain difficul- ties is that in spite of the fact that the area .under cultivation has nearly attained the pre-war figure, peasant agriculture has become split up. Small scale agricultural pro-| duction is unprofitable and low, whereas the towns and industries | are developing rapidly, with a con- sequent development of the demand for grain, “The solution of the problem lies, in the first place, in increased grain productivity on the part of small and) middle scale production; in the col- lectivization of small and middle scale farms and improvement in the existing Soviet farms. “People who believe that small and individual farms are the be- ginning and the end of agriculture have nothing in common with Leninism,” the speaker said. “The chief characteristic of the present situation is that increased productiv- ity of the small scale farms is no; longer alone sufficient to solve the problem, although this increased productivity is the chief task before the party at this moment. Two Tasks. | “Two new practical tasks, there- | fore, arise: Increased productivity | of the collective farms and the im-| provement of the Soviet farnis. “Apart from the general causes, | the Plenum’s resolution enumerates the following specific temporary | causes for the grain purchase) erisis: Loss of balance in the mar-| kets in consequence of the quicker growth of. the peasants’ de-| mand for industrial goods; the un-| favorable relation of grain prices to| other agricultural prices; the errors in the planning system, particularly regarding prompt commodity ‘sup- ply; insufficient taxation of the possessing sections; errors of party, Soviet and purchase organizations; violation of Soviet legislation) through administrative arbitrari- ness, etc.; exploitation of Soviet er- rors by capitalist elements in town and country. “In order to abolish these specific temporary causes it is necessary to abandon illegal searches of peasant | farms and other violations of Soviet | law; to abandon any recrndescence | of requisition methods and at the same time to guarantee more elasti- city in the state regulation of com- merce; to make certain increases in the price of grain; to organize and regulate commodity supply in the| grain districts and immediately to form a state grain reserve. Alliance Not Ended. “Tt is stupid to say that the alli-| ance between the workers and pea-! Ready to Defend t. Interests ris caieninowanat Above is one of the biggest American battleships, the U. S. S. Wall S a Texas, which is now in the Brooklyn navy yard for a general cleaning up. It is the policy of the navy department to keep all its war ma- chines in such condition that Wall Street can go ahead with its plans for a new imperialist war 1 the sailors who are ready to be sake of Big Business are not tre is this warship. without any worries. Incidentally, maimed and slaughtered for the ated with nearly as much care as FASCIST SECRET "AGENTWASREAL HEAD OF PLOT Barbus se Committee Reveals Facts (Wireless to The Daily Worker) VIENNA, July 18.—Reports to this city from Milan have just re- vealed that the Communist trade unionist, Baroni, is one of those ac- cused of participation in the recent explosion in Milan. Baroni’s only crime, however |seems to have been participation in the workers’ delegation to the Sov- |iet Union. | The Barbusse Investigating Com- mittee which is examining the facts | in the case has discovered that the real organizer of the Milan explosion | was Boldrocchi, a member of the fascist secret service. United States Election Laws (Continued.) By JULIUS CODKIND. CALIFORNIA. Population 1920 census, 3,480,902. To put the Par- ty on the ballot this year, 36,000 signatures or three per cent of the total vote in the’ previous elections will be required, these to be filed on June 14th, The law even specifies the size and form of type to be used ir printing the petitions. To place our presidential candi- dates on the ballot there, we must nominate 13 electors. For each elector a separate petition must be printed. This means that every ci- tizen who signs must sign 13 times for our electors only, besides the various signatures which may be re- quired for the state and lo@al of- fices. We intend to file our candidates as independents under a law which allows additional candidates to go on the ballot as individuals after the primaries have been held. Under this law, they go on the ballot with- out Party designation, requiring on- ly 12 to 13 thousand signatures this year. These signatures must be ob- tained within a period of 25 days, each signature being dated and veri- fied by a deputy registrar. Under the law only those who have been certified as deputy registrars may canvas for signatures. These depu- ty registrars must be citizens who are qualified voters. Voters who participated in the primaries are not eligible to sign petitions. OKLAHOMA. Population 1920 census, 2,047,397. This state re- quires 5,000 signatures of voters for each candidate. The state has ten electors and here, too, each citizen must sign ten times on 10 separate sheets. Another requirement in Oklahoma is that after the signa- tures are obtained that the whole 5,000 must be typewritten on the back of the petitions, petitions to be filed June 16th. In Kansas, KANSAS. Population 1920 cen- sus, 1,773,289. The law specifies that a new party—and our Party is perpetually new until we obtain the duction of machinery. Furthermore it is impossible to develop the tex- tile industry without heavy indus- try. “Consolidation of the alliance is necessary, not in order to perpetu- ate the classes indefinitely, but in order to bring the peasants and workers closer together and train the individualist ideology of the peasant in collectivism for the prep- aration of the destruction of class antagonisms on the basis of social- ist society. Points of Support. “This is only possible on the basis of new technique and collec- tivism. It is not true that consoli dation of the alliance is only possi- ble thru concessions to the peasants. Apart from concessions we must have points of economic support in the village, ahd highly developed cooperatives together with collective and Soviet farms, Stalin said. “Increased work among the vil- lage poor is necessary in order to guarantee the support of the latter.” “The lesson of the Donetz trial,” Stalin pointed out, “is that in work- ing to secure a minimum of loyal specialists we have been tremen- dously backward. Therefore we must intensify the training of new technical experts from amongst the workers themselves. The Soviet government has therefore added 40,000,000 roubles annually to its former expenditure for this pur- pose,” “We have always learned from our mistakes,” the speaker declared, “and we must do this now. The minimum of votes required—must get signatures amounting to a total of one per cent of the vote cast for the successful candidate for secre- tary of state and that the total must include one per cent of such’ vote from at least 10 counties, Ata very late date, our local comrades were told that the presidential electors could be placed on the ballot if pe- titions are signed by 2,500 voters. There is nothing said to this effect in the election law pamphlet sent out by the state and our comrades in Kansas could obtain no informa- tion from the officials of the state. The attorney general and the secre- tary of state both refused to give any information or to answer let- ters sent from the national: office. The Kansas comrades employed sev- eral lawyers to help them with this work. Not only did the lawyers fail to obtain a correct explanation of the law, but they could not even get out a correct form of petition. NORTH CAROLINA. Population 1920 census, 2,555,296. This state, which is building up a large tex- tile industry, is important as a new industrial state, and also because it is one of the tier of states com- posing the solid south, with a Ne- gro population about equal to that |of the whites. To help new par- |ties get on the ballot only 10,000 | signatures are required. Unfor- tunately, our Party has only one | member-at-large in the entire state. OHIO. Population 1920 census, 5,810,498. The law legalizes a par- ty as one that cast ten per cent of the entire vote of the state in the Other poli-| |last general election. tical organizations can go on the | ballot as independents by securing signatures equal to one per cent of the entire vote of the state. This year the minimum is 14,467. Before filing, signatures must be submitted for preliminary inspection to the registrars in each county. . At least 20,000 signatures will have to be raised to insure the Party a place on the Ohio ballot. MISSOURI. Population 1920 cen- sus, 3,409,758, The law requires 2 per cent of the entire vote cast at the last preceding general election. This year, the minimum number of | signatures required is 26,107. A legal party in this state is one that casts 3 per cent of the vote, PENNSYLVANIA. Population 1920 census, 8,774,347. This state has a comparatively liberal law. Al- though our vote in 1924 was only 2,735 we have good Party organiza- tion in District 3 at Philadelphia and in District 5 at Pittsburgh. The |law requires petitions signed by one-half per cent of the vote cast | for the successful candidate for gov- ernor. This year the amount in sig- | |natures is 5,514. This state and | Massachusetts are practically the only states which furnish printed pe- titions for use by parties trying for a place on the ballot. Unlike other states, also, the law is clearly de- fined and cannot be misunderstood. A consideration of the figures of our vote in Pennsylvania, (2,735 in 1924) together with the compara- tively small number of signatures required give a good comparative picture of the obstacles to be over- come by us in the various states of the country. CONNECTICUT. Population 1920 census 1,394,324. The law requires |@ state convention to be supplement- jed by petitions signed by one per cent of the total vote cast for the office filed for in the last preceding election. For electors this amounts to 4,500 signatures, ARIZONA. Population, 1920 cen- sus, 340,848. Petitions must be filed carrying two per cent of the vote jin at least 5 of the 14 counties in sants is finished. If this were true| grain difficulties have shaken up the| the state. The amount in each coun- the peasants would have reduced the | Bolsheviks and forced them to work | ty aside from Maricopa is not large. | grain producing area whereas the! more actively for the development | but the distances are enormous and | grain producing areas have actually | of grain production. Without these | the state very sparsely populated. | increased everywhere. difficulties the Bolsheviks would) We will probably fail in the state “Some comrades think that in or-| hardly have paid such serious at-|but the activities of Comrade der to consolidate the alliance of the | tention to the question. | O'Brien since his return from the workers and peasants we must con- “The Donetz trial also caused us| National Nominating Convention are In Dupont’s State. DELAWARE. Population, 1920 census, 224,068. A state consisting of three counties. Each county’ re- quires 250 signatures. Some of our comrades, fearing the iron heel of the Duponts, who control the state | refused either to try for signatures or allow their names as candidates Under Party discipline and with a Party organizer on the jobf we are taking advantage of a peculiarity in the law which allows us to run in separate counties, to put on our| Party ticket in Newcastle county. | which is the industrial county with the city of Wilmington, containing the Dupont plants. MARYLAND. Population, 1920 census, 1,457,608. Two thousand sig-| natures are required. Baltimore is| a good center, but our comrades} were disheartened from previous| failures and at first refused to un- dertake the job. In a hard drive they succeeded in getting the necessary signatures. The result is great en-| thusiasm and revival of Party spirit and plans are being laid to extend the Party organization to nearby in- | dustrial centers. | MAINE. Population, 1920 census, 769,334. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Popu- | lation 443,407. These states require | only one thousand signatures each. | but our Party organization is weak and consists altogether of Finnish comrades who are altogether unac-| quainted with the election law. MINNESOTA. Population, 1920 census, 2,403,164. Only 2,500 signa- | tures are required but the law speci- fies that these must be all registered | voters who did not participate in the primaries. Our Party instructed | its followers to vote in the labor party primaries. UTAH. Population, 1920 census. | 453,313. Requirement is only 500, signatures but we have a very poor! Party organization. In a letter re-_ ceived from Comrade M. P. Bales, he states: “I wish I had your sublime | optimism as to the ease with which | 500 signatures can be secured to a) certificate of election in this state. | While I am skeptical of our ability) to get 500 sworn voters to sign our| petitions, I am positive that this will enable us to build up the Party | and get it functioning again.” Iowa, a strong republican state. and Tennessee, Georgia and Florida. | strong democratic states, officially | accepts all candidacies of nominees | made by state conventions. South Carolina. | South Carolina does not print an) official ballot. Its officials specify | the size and style of the ballot as) well as the color of paper to be used All parties print their own ballots and each voter before going to the polls generally provides himself with the ballot of the party for| which he intends to vote. It is\very | difficult to find other than demo- | cratic ballots at the polls and par-| ticularly after the vote is counted. | Having accomplished the task of} placing candidates officially in nom- ination and having fought out the/ campaign, working class parties find | only insignificant totals of votes reg-| istered in their favor. There are! a number of reasons for this. Disfranchisement. | Of chief importance, perhaps, is} |the disfranchisement of large sec-| tions of the working class. A com-| plete survey of the situation is in it-) self a special task and can be ade- | quately treated only in a special ar- ticle dealing with the subject. A |few points, however, must be com-} | mented upon: In the United States, the privilege of voting is extended only to citi- | ens over the age of twenty-one. This provision automatically disfran- chises millions of young workers under the age of twenty-one. | (To Be Continued.) SMALLPOX ON SHIP | BOSTON, July 18.—The steam- | ship Belfast, from Bangor, Me., was held at quarantine for several hours here yesterday while doctors vac- | centrate on textile’ instead of heavy industry. This is quite wrong, the speaker pointed out. The textile in- dustry is very important, he said, to consider taking energetic steps for the formation of new technical forces in industry. First steps have already been taken and more will already commencing to bear fruit in the shape of Party organization, the spread of TUEL agitation and a jump in DAILY WORKER sub- cinated more than 200 passengers | and members of the crew, after dis- | covery of a case of smallpox aboard. | A Negro steward was taken ashore! bok tha warin Jima murat bea the kee | be effected.” scriptions. at Gallops Island for treatment. *. “R ERETERS SATURDAY EVE., JULY 21 | ma ! Most Amazing Invention of the Twentieth Century ! PROFESSOR THEREMIN of Soviet Russia Produces Music from the Air ® ARNOLD VOLPE, Conductor SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA OF 50 MEN ene CONEY ISLAND STADIUM Surf Avenue and West Sixth Street 1 ROXY BALLET Russian and Oriental Dances oes TICKETS FOR SALE ALL DAY AT THE DAILY WORKER, 26-28 UNICN 8Q. Admission: 75¢; $1.00; $1.25 and $1.50 au Seats Reserved