The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 11, 1928, Page 3

en rage Tar¢e THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JULY 11, 1928 NEW DRAFT PROGRAM OF THE COMMUN “ II. The General Crisis. of Capitalism. The First Phase of World Revolution DOCUMENT TRACES COURSE OF — REVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTS AND PARTIAL STABILIZATION Points Out Treacherous Role of Social Demo- cracy and Rise of Fascism "Pictures Processes Corroding Capitalism and New Forces of Revolution To AllSections of the Communist International: The Programme Commission of the Executive Committee of the Communist International is publishing a DRAFT PROGRAM. The Commission thinks it its duty to declare that while the text of this draft is of course based onthe same fundamental principles as those upon which the draft programme provisionally passed by In the period that followed the social democrats supported the pre- datory treaties (Brest, Versailles). They came out as en active force on the side of the militarists at the time .of the bloody. suppression of proletarian upr 's (Noske); they conducted armed warfare against the first proletarian republic (So- viet Russia); they despicably be- trayed the proletariat when it took power (Hungary); they joined the imperialist League of Nations (Al- bert Thomas, Paul Boncour, Van- dervelde, Breitscheid); they openly took the side of the imperialist slave-owners against the coloni slaves (British “Labor ‘Par they actively supported the 5 jactionary executioners of the work- ing class (in Bulg: they took the initiative in intro- ducing imperialist “military laws’ (France); they betrayed the great and Poland); general strike of the British prole- | terroristic dictatorship of big capi-/lic tariat; they helped to strangle the miners’ strike. They helped strangle China and India (the MacDonald government); they act as the prop- al | | At the same time fascism strives, be permeate the working class. It |recruits the most backward strata |of the workers and turns their di content with the passivity of soci |democracy to its own advantage. | |The principal function of fascism is| to destroy the revolutionary labor | Vanguard, i. e. the Communist units and the leaders of the proletariat The combination of social demagogy, | | : ‘ j world is in itself the a conducted simultaneously with ex |treme imperialist aggression in the | sphere of foreign politics, is a charg | acteristic feature of In the periods most critical for the bourgeoisie, fascism, to suit its own re-|ends, gave utterance to anti-capi-|the Sov When it had] blockade or war. On the other hand | semi-colonies. talist phraseology. |strongly established itself at the helm of state it cast aside its anti- capitalist rattle and is: now more and more revealing itself as the tal (Mussolini, Pilsudski). The bougeoisie resorts alternately to the methods of fascism or to the corruption and active white terror| tional proletariat. The existence of the Soviet Union and the influence t exercises upon the m es of the toilers and oppressed a most str expression of the profound ¢ the world capitali stem and of thesexpansion and intensification of | the class struggle to a degree hither- }to unparalleled in history. s The capitalist world, powerle eliminate its inherent contri striving to set up an international \organization (the League of Na- |tions) the main purpose of which is: |to restrain the surging tide of the | revolutior y crisis and to ngle proletarian republics by jall the f | proletariat colonial masse the Union of S The uns roding, but well armed coal jcapital is confronted by a | world’ coalition of labor. ces of the revolutionary d of the ed i nd alist Soviet Repub- able, internally cor- n of single. 1 over the adictions | Thus, the revolutionary in the colonies which |the overwhelniing majority of the population into the fight ainst imperialism is also the expre Simultaneously, the antagonisms|of the profound general crisis of |between the imperialist countries |capital.sm. and the colonial and semi-colonial | countries are growing. As a result of the war, the development of capi talism in the colonies, of the in- fluence of the Soviet revolution and of the centrifugal tendencies going on within the principal naval and|rights of t working class jcolonial empire, Great Britair|growing resistance onthe part of (Canada, Australia, South Africa) |the broad masses of the proletariat European imperialism has become|and causes the c) be- weakened and this has helped to re-|tween the v lease rebellion in the colonies and|fied canital to become 1 another world war, the destructiv ness of which will increase parall with the furious development of the technique of war. process drawing Finally, the revolutionary crisis is inevitably maturing in the very cen- \ters of imperialism—the bourgeo’ attack on J undard of the ‘org and the rouse struggie d tru: acute. The great Chinese|The great battles between labor and |revolution, which roused hundreds of |capital in G Britain (the gen- | millions of the Chinese people to ac | eral strike 19: in Ger tion, has made an enormous breach|and in the United States of An in the imperialist system. The un-|ica, the accelerated swing to the left ceasing revolutionary ferment among| of the masses, the growth of the in hundreds of millions of the Indian| fluence and authority he workers and peasants threatens to|mynist parties, the enormous growth break the domination of the world| o¢ sympathy of the broad mas citadel of imperialism, Great Britain is the Com- nd workers tow political IST INTERNATIONAL |tem, and with it the partial sta- bilization of capitalism, is becom- |ing corroded from different causes; these are the conflicts and antagon- isms among imperialist states, the, rise to the struggle of millions of sses in the colonies, the rise of the revolutjonary proletariat in the home countries and, finaliy, the ‘ exercised over the whole world revolutionary movement by the proletarian distatorship in the Union of Socialist Soviet Repub- lics. The international revolution is Against this revolution, imperial- ism is gathering its forces. Expe- ditions against the colonies, a new world war, a campaign against the Union of Socialist Soviet Repub- lies are now practical questions of imperia politics. This will lead to the release of all the forces of international revolution and the in~ evitable doom of capitalism. Poe ete third The installment of the ? j j ; Aa eile nethod of coalition with social} Thus, as a result of the first round| The existence of the Union of So-| Bc aS orn’ | draft program to be printed in to- the Fifth Congress of the Communist International was based, never. erceaael ae Ai ede Rae Ee according to the chances| of imperialist wars new fundamental | cialist Soviet Republics as the bet eee cae the vevohn,| Morrow's issue of the Daily eless, it diffets very considerably from that draft. The Program [of Nations.” | They are capitalism's | @roeren Gear ttation. In this, |antagonisms have n of world] important factor of revolutionary [@ clear indication that the revolu-| COONS SNE 1M) UNG pamraiae eer alls Shanti Siew tha” Orson changes Shak have taken | ihe fight against the ditaterchin| social democracy not infrequently| historical scale and significance:|development opens up for those|tionary tide is again rising in the ‘ Fe et erie Dn ADL abe Gite nano! 1 ¢. and parheldarly of the Seuletartat in the Union of | Plays an openly fascist role (Noske|the a nisms between the Union| countries the prospect @f transition|center of imperialism. the Communist Interna- aim of in the revolutionary movement since the Fifth Congress, it could BRAS aeag 4 sip A res the Polish Sociali not confine itself to making merely editorial changes in the original Socialist Soviet Republics (Kaut-|in Germany, of Socialists Soviet Republics and) +, socialism. al: World Communism.” Thus, the world imperialist s: draft. A change has taken place capitalism; a change has taken various groups of powers. great revolution in China, which cance of the agrarian-peasant qu made in building up socialism in publics. The. struggle between t the Union of Socialist Sovtet Republics is becoming acute. Fasciem is growing and becoming transformed into the terrorist dictatorship Social democracy has degenerated into Chauvinist The lessons that have been learned by the Communist International in the fight against opposition tendencies and finally the growth of Communism, the fact that the movement has really become internationalized, the new tasks that confront the Communist International as a single organization—all this has inevitably made of big capital. imperialism. it necessary considerably to alter The general tendency of the towerrds-more concreteness and gre NATIONAL aspects both in the theoretiéal section as well as in the sections dealing immediately with the struggles of the Communist Parties, Acting on the decision of the munist International, the Programme Commission, in publishing this draft program, calls. upon all comrades to express their opinion and criticism of it in articles, remar! work in @ single document all the munist movement. The question central questions at the Sixth Congress. material be collected by the time the dis place-at the Congress. . The Comm: to join-in the fruitful discussion of the THE PROGRAMME COMMISSION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL The imperialist struggle among the largest capitalist states fer the . Ye-distribution of the globe led to the first World Imperialist War (1914-1918). This war ‘shook the whole system of world capitalism ‘and marked the beginning of the | period of its general crisis, It bent to its service the whole of the na- tional economy of the belligerent countries, thus creating the mailed \fist of state capitalism. It increased unproductive expenditure to enor- mous dimensions, destroyed enor- ‘mous quantities of means of pro- duction and human labor power, ruined large masses of the popula- tion and ‘imposed incalculable bur- | dens upon the industrial workers, the peasants and the colonial peo- ples. The war inevitably led to an intensification of the class struggle which grew into revolutionary mass action and civil war. The imperial- ist front was breached et its weak- est link;-in’ Czarist “Russia. “The FEBRUARY revolution_of 1917 overthrew"the domination of the’ big landlord autocracy. The “October” revolution overthrew the domination of thé bourgeoisie.” This victorious froletdrian revolution - expropriated the expropriators, took fhe means of production from the landlords and the capitalists and for the first time in human history set up and consolidated the dictatorship of the proletariat in an enormous country, brought into being a new Soviet type of state and laid the founda- tions for the International Proleta- rian Revolution. The powerful shock to which the Whole world of capitalism was sub- jected, the. intensification of the class struggle and the direct influ- ence of the October. proletarian rev- olution gave rise toa series of revo- lutionary actions on the continent of Europe.as well as in the colonial und semi-colonial countries: March, 1918, the workers’ revolution in Fin- land; August, 1918, the “rice riots” in Japan; November, 1918, revolu- tions in Austria and Germany which overthrew the rule of the semi- feudal monarchies; March, 1919, the yroletarian- revolution in Hungary and the -rebelliom in Korea;~ April, 1919, the establisHment: of the So- viet government in Bavatia; Janu- ary, 1920, «the bourgeois: national revolution “in Turkey; September, 920, the seizure of the factories by the workers in Italy; March, 1921, the uprising of the advanced work- ers in Germany; September, 1923, the uprising in. Bulgaria; the au- tumn of. 1928, the revolutionary crisis in Germany; December, 1924, rebeliion in Esthonia! April, 1925, rebellion in Morocco and in Syria in August; May, 1926, general strike in England; 1927, the workers’ up- rising in Vienna.’ All these events, as welles the rebellion in Indonesia, the deep ferment in India, the great Chinese revolution which shook the Great events have taken place, like the done on the program has revealed how difficult it is to embrace problems of the present-day world Com- in the form of the general crisis of place in the relationships betweee once again emphasized the signi yestion. Great progress has been the Union of Socialist. Soviet Re- he aggressive capitalist world and and enlarge the former draft. changes that have been-made is eater emphasis upon THE INTER. Executive Committee of the Com- ‘ks and concrete suggestions. The of the program will be one of the It is essential that sufficient cussion of the question takes ission therefore invites all comrades program. links in a single international rev- olutionary chain and the component. parts of the profound general crisis of capitalism. The unity of world economy finds its expression in the inférnational character of the rev- olirtion. ‘The uneven development of its various parts is reflected in the uneven development of the revolu- tion in separate countries. “The first attempts ‘madé to bring about a revolutionary change, which sprung from the acute crisis of eap- italism (1918-1921) ended in.the de- feat of the proletariat in a number vf countries. These defeats were brought about primarily by~ the treacherous tactics of the social democratic leaders’ and reformist trade union leaders and also by the fact that Communist parties had not yet been established in a num- ber of important countries and that the majority of the working class had not yet accepted the lead of the Communists. These defeats enabled the bout- geoisie to bring about a partial sta- bilization of capitalist relationships. The exploitation of the proletariat end of the colonial peoples was greatly intensified and their stand- ard of living sharply depressed. ThePforces of production of world economy again began to increase, eonsiderable progress was mede in |technique, the process of the trus- |tifieation and the rationalization of | industry was accelerated, the ten- jdeney of development towards state cepitaliom was resumed and the | i working class and the colonies was | increased. In the course of progress of the international. revolution the social | democratic and’ “reformist trade junion leaders on the one hand and | the. militant capitalist organizations |ef the fascist type on the other, ac- quired special significance as a pow- jerful counter- revolutionary force ac- ‘tively fighting against the revolu-| tion and actively supporting the par- | tial stabilization of capitalism. The war crisis of 1914-1918 was ;#ecompanied by the disgraceful col; | lapse of the social democratic sec-| ond international. Notwithstanding the thesis laid down by Marx and Engels in the “Communist Mani- festo” that under capitalism the pro- letariat has no country, and not- withstanding the anti-war resolu- tions passed at the Stuttgart and Basle congresses, the leaders of the national social democratic par- ties, with a few exceptions, voted | tHe war credits and strongly advo- cated the defense of imperialist “fatherlands” (i. e. the state organ- lizations of tho imperialist bour- | geolsie) and instead of opposing the imperialist war became its most Hloval scldiers, propagandists and its bards (social patriotism, which grew pressure brought to bear upon the |i | of the sky, Hilferding). In systematically conducting this counter-revolutionary policy, social democracy operates alternately first with one and then with the other of its two wings: the right wing of social democracy, avowedly counter- revolutionary, is essential for negotiating with the bourgeoisie; the “Left Wing” is essential for the sub- tle\deception of the workers. While playing with pacifist and sometimes even with revolutionary phrases “Left Wing” Social Democracy in practice acts against the workers at the most critical moments (the British “independents” and “Lefts” leaders of the general council at the time of the general strike in 1926 Otto Bauer & Co. at the time of the Vienna uprising) and is for that reason the most pernicious fraction of the social democratic parties. While serving the interests of the bourgeoisie within the working class and adopting entirely the principle of class cooperation, the social demo- crats periodically take up the posi- tion of an opposition party and pre- tend to lead the economic struggle in order to win the confidence of sections of the working class and in this way more shamefully to be- tray the -lasting interests of the working class, particularly in the midst of decisive class battles. -In the domain of..theory,., social democracy has wholly and com- pletely betrayed Marxism. It passed through the stage of revisionism to complete liberal-bourgeois reform- ism and avowed social imperialism; it has distorted the Marxian doetrine of class war into the advocacy of class peace. Instead of the doctrine of proletarian dictatorship it advo- cates the theory of coalition with the bourgeoisie. Instead of destruc- tion of the bourgeois state it advo- cates active construction. Instead of pointing out that ithperialist wars are inevitable under capitalism it advances the theory of peaceful “ultra-imperialism,” and instead of international solidarity of the pro- letariat it preaches the doctrine of defense of imperialist fatherlands. It has substituted the dialectical materialism of Marx by idealistic philosophy and playing with bour- geois religious trash. Thus, international social demo- cracy in all its shades: the Second International and its trade union branch, the Amsterdam Federation of Trade Unions, have become the reserves of bourgeois society and its most loyal pillar of support. Side by side with social democracy through and by which the bour- geoisie suppresses the workers or lulls their class vigilance, is fascism The epoch of imperialism, the growing acuteness of the class struggle and the growth of the ele- ments of civil -war,—particularly after the imperialist war,—have led isis in parliamentarism, The y of capitalist relationships in the post-war period, the exist ence of large declassed social ele- ments, the impoverishment of broad strata of the urban petty bour- geoisie and intelligentsia (primarily in the European countries), an’ finally the constant menace of the mass proletarian action have caused the bankruptcy of parliamentarism as the democratic, camouflaged form of the bourgeois dictatorship and gave rise to fascism as a method cf unconcealed dictatorship bourgeoisie. In order to secure for itself a more stable, firm and permanent rvle, the bourgeoisie is being compelled more and more |to abandon the parliamentary sys- tem and to adopt the method of fascism irrespective of inner-party relationships and combinations. It masks its “national idea” by the system of presentation of the “professions” (i. e. of the various groups of the dominant class) and turns to its own advantage the dis- content of the petty bourgeois, in- tellectual and other masses by a peculiar form of social demagogy (anti-semitism, sporadic attacks up- on usurer capital, displays of indig- nation in the parliamentary “talk- ing shop”) and corruption—by eren- ting a compact and well-paid hierarchy of facist units, party ap- paratus and bureaucracy, .|Meanwhile the power companies are | Party, etc.). Both these metho are unusual for “normal” capi- talism; they .are symptoms of the general capitalist crisis. Neverthe- less, they retard the rate of advance of revolution. The experience of the whole of the historical post-war period has shown however, that the stabiliza- tion of capitalism obtained by acts of repression against the working class and the systematic depression of its standard of living cannot but be a partial, temporary and decay- ing stabilization. This stabilization gives rise to new and more pro- found contradictions which cause the general crisis of capitalism to be- come more acute and create the con ditions for a new phase in the world proletarian revolution. As a result of the first round of imperialist wars (the world war of 1914-1918) and of the October vic- tory of the working class in the for- mer empire of the Russian Czar. world economy has split up into two fundamentally hostile camps: The camp of the imperialist states and the camp of the dictatorship of the proletariat in the United Socialist Soviet Russia. The differences ir class structure and the class char- acter of the two states, the funda- \mental differences in the aims each ‘lomic ““and cultural ‘policy; ~ =the" fundamental difference in the direc- tion of development of the two camps, brings the capitalist world into sharp conflict with the victori- ous proletarian state. Two antagon- istic systems are in conflict within the framework of a single world economy: the system of capitalisn) and the system of socialism. Hither- | to, the class struggle was conducted in forms determined by the fact that the proletariat was not in possession of state power. Now it is being conducted on an enormous and really world scale and moreover the wor! ing class now has its own stat the only fatherland of the interna- POWER HEARING IS POSTPONED Summer Recess Called By Commission WASHINGTON, July 10 (FP).— Hearings before the Federal Trade Commission on the power trust in- quiry ordered by the Senate have been until September. | | suspended trying to answer questionnaires sent them by the commission’s economic staff, as to watered stock, bond is- sues, customer ownership, rates, etc. Since the investigation began 71 witnesses from 40 states and repre- | senting stute committees or regional | | Sub-d ivisions of the National Ele \trie Light Association, Amer |Gas Association and the Joint Com- {mittee of National Utility Associa |tions have been examined in 1 hearings. Some pages of te mony has been taken and 3,600 ex- | hibits have been put in the record. | All of this has dealt merely with the | publicity and propaganda against | public ownership and against strict | publie regulation of utilities. | States whose propaganda mills Fave yet to be exposed in similar testimony are Arizona, California, | Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington. | German Reformists Aid Imperialist Plan) | BERLIN, July 10, — Kellogg's | anti-war pact was hailed by the Ger- \ man socialist leader, Rudolf Breit- | scheid, at a meeting of the Reichstag | Foreign Affairs Committee, as a fa- j vorable omen. He said that it would draw the United States into the| league of nations. In this way, it is thought, the Eu- ropean bloc against the Soviet Un- ion would be strengthened and it would help to consolidate European pursues *irr internal, foreign, eeen-} instruments: in ‘the hands of the im~ the ‘capitalist world. Meanwhile, the antagonisms with- in the capitalist sector of world economy have become more acute The economic centre’ of the world} has shifted to the United States of America; the “dollar republic” has become the exploiter of all countries and this has caused the relations between United States and European capitalism, primarily British capi- talism, to become more acute. The conflict between Great Britain, the most powerful of the old conserva- tive imperialist countries, and the United States, the greatest of the young imperialist countries and which has already won world hege- mony for itself, becoming the pivot in the world conflicts of finance capital states. Germany, though plundered by the Versailles peace is now economically recovered and is again taking the path of imperialist politics. Once again she stands out as a serious competitor of Great) Britain and France on the world market. The Pacific is becoming| involved in a tangle of contradic-! tions caused principally by the con-| flict between. America and Japan | Simultaneously the antagonism of | interests between the constantly changing and unstable groupings of powers is developing, while the second-class powers act as auxiliary is perialist giants and their coalitions. The productive capacity of the in- dustrial apparatus of world capi- talism has been increased. Simultaneously the home markets in Europe have become restricted as a result of the’ war and of the Soviet Union dropping out of the sphere of purely capitalist circulation. This. and the close monopoly of the prin- cipal sources of raw materials and fuel have caused the: conflicts be- tween capitalist states to become wider. The “peaceful” struggle for oil, rubber, cotton, coal and metals. the struggle for a redistribution of | markets and spheres for the export | of capital are inexorably: leading to | - | HUGE LOSSES IN STOCKS CHARGED! Worthless . Securities | Sold By Millions Charges that securities in excess of $1,000,000,000 sold since the war | have defaulted or become worthless. | were made yesterday by Assistant | Attorney General Timothy J. Shea, in charge of the bureau of securi- ties of the attorney general’s of- fice. Shea said that “further revela- j | | tions” would be made later, but did not name any individuals, groups. | securities or plans for prosecutions. | Worthless Stock Sold. | “Revelation of the condition of| ” the statement said, “is| based upon an investigation of the| activities of the “over the counter” market, the groundwork of which| has just been completed. It was found that during the past years the number of over the counter dealers and traders has increased by hundreds. Millions of dollars of worthless se ties have been sold.| Many defaults and failures were also recorded by firms whose secur- ities were floated through the over- | the-counter market. | Policeman Shoots and Throws Gun at Man CHICAGO, Ill., July 10—Harold Grant, fleeing from poliee after he had violated a petty traffic law, | was shot at by a policeman here today. After failing to shoot Grant. the policeman threw his machine gun at him, and struck him in the back. Grant was captured, after being injured by the gun. LONDON, July 10 Charles Carstairs, 63, of Philadel- phia, president and London manager of the famous New York, Paris and (UP), — London art dealer, Knoedler and forces. Company, died last night. \ Most Amazing Invention of the Twentieth Century Professor Theremin Produces Music From the Air (Without Aid of Any Instruments) ARNOLD VOLPE Symphony Orchestra of 50 ARNOLD VOLPE, Conductor Russian and Oriental Dances ROXY BALLET Coney Island Stadium Surf Avenue and West 6th Street SAT. EVE,, JULY 14, 1928. Tickets: 75c, $1.00, $1.25 and $1.50. ON SALE AT: 26-28 Union Sq.; 30 Union Sq.; 2700 Bronx Prak East; 1310 So. Boulevard (Book Store); 15 West 126th St.; 1600 Madison Ave. (Restaurant); 202 E. Broadway (Book Store); 17 E. 8rd St.; 46 Ten Eyck St., Brooklyn.