The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 25, 1927, Page 3

yh @ f il —* THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, TUESD OCTOBER 25, 1927 7age Three Soviet Russia After Ten Years | Report of the American Trade Union Delegation to USSR The following is the fourth instalment of the re« port of the first American Trade Union Delega- tion to Soviet Russia, in the words of the delega- Distribution of Power in the Trade Unions. ;{he dues in full to the higher union body. The of seniority. No worker, however, can be a This rather complex structure is called in|factory committee itself is supported by the]member of more than one union at a time. In it the/enterprise, receiving a given percentage of} | Russia “democratic centralism.” duction. In the large factories these confer- eftces are also organized on a sectional or de- Workers join the union voluntarily. There partmental basis. tion. The report will be published in The DAILY]|| 5 oreme power rests with Site ete | sea al ine a sian lis “ sed ”? ac e term is used in the by , WORKER in ducecasive duties anil completed. [Il uy Bor meee each the C. C. 7. U,|the payroll, The total income of the Russian is no closed shop as the term is used in the The production committee, composed both elected every two years at the All-Russian|trade unions during the last year amounied| United States. There is, however, a prefer- of workers and technical personnel, helps to Tien Oeeanteati ,Congress of Trade Unions. All the individual|to approximately 60,000,000 dollars. jential shop” in which under the collective arrange the program for the production con- Inter-Union Organization. \national industrial unions and the lower inter-| The provincial union needs money for its|agreement, the employer agrees to hire union! ference and also sees to it that it toast HE highest organ of the trade union move- bevenytine verte pe gener hn Ce ee a cultural, a members first if they can be secured. tions are “put into life : qt =] * : “| Ss 2C1s Ss. aXt i EST a a rea Ze a r ect ¥ . , ros ment in the U. S. S. R. is the All-Union | ¥ey its dec 8. next highest author-|omic, organization, and protection of labor. It! Production Work of the Unions. We fonhd. tan and’ deweele Congress of Trade Unions which meets every | ity is the Central Committee of the national! igo sets asidé reserves for cultural work and Bk ae fount a and depar © ‘i |industrial union elected at the national con-|for unemployment. It pays to the national in- Union-management cooperation” is a fact; mental production committe ve largely two years to decide general policies and to select an executive committee of about 170 members known as the Central Council of Trade Unions (C. C. T. U.). This council chooses a presidium to carry on its work be- tween sessions of the council. The presidium, |gress of that union. A central committee has |power over its subordinate provincial and jother branches. Only the central committee ‘ean expel or discipline such a provincial or- | ganization. It cannot be done by a lower in-} \dustrial union of which it is a part, from 5 |ner cent to 25 per cent of its income, and also /10 per cent more to the inter-union organiza- The amount of its income spent on ad- ration is comparatively small. It is es- in Soviet Russia. They condemn the B. plan and other such experiments but have introduced in their own most friendly collaboration between the tech nical managers and the trade unions. Tt iminated the old conflicts and frictions be- tween 2 the technical men. This is the specialists have become in inating job of industrial reconstruction, and partly because absorbed A 4 | ter-unic rganization. As a matter of f. at é se provincis ions return|€Mphasis on the “rationalization” of the in- the unions ve trained thousands of their corresponding in a general way to the Execu- pune e Be Mariah ed that these provincial eons return lustrial PB GAER: Oeil wor ad ee eh eral * technical sta: .OWAgen tive Council of the American Federation of|the power to expel is seldom, if ever, exer- 50 per cent of their funds for mass|@UStrial process characterizes the Russian own members for technical posts. Chain s; parang te ©’ leised. It should be noted in this connection and as contributions to various reserves “ions from the smallest factory committee|tems, mechanical operations, “straight-line” Labor, puts into effect the policies determined upon at the congresses and at the sessions of the Central Council. The Central Council coordinates and directs, in a general way, the work of the 23 vertically organized industrial unions already described. It also coordinates and leads the work of the lower inter-union organizations such as the Councils of Trade Unions in the provinces and other variously named territories of the U. S. S. R. For example, the Moscow Provincial Council of Trade Unions or the Ural Territor- ial Council of Trade Unions are under the gen- eral supervision of the C. C. T. U. Such a Council of Trade Unions unites all the sepa- rate unions in the given area. It represents the joint interests of the unions in its terri- tory on various governmental and economic bodies where counsel with the unions is al- ways taken. The functions of such an inter-union body are similar to, though vastly more extensive, than those of a State Federation of Labor in the United States. The 1.500 delegates to the All-Union Con- cannot simply dissolve a local administration and appoint its own candidates to succeed the unsatisfactory officers. It must call a new congress of delegates elected directly from the workshop. The congress elects the new governing body. The power to make collective agreements is vested usually in the higher bodies, such as the provincial, but the factory committee pos- sesses the full right to discuss the agreement tin advance and also to work out with the man- agement of the enterprise the local piece rates and production standards. For those indus- tries, such as railroads, which are operated on a national scale, the central committee of the national union will only sign the collective agreement after it has been fully threshed out by all the local union organs. Usually when the provincial organization makes the agree- ment, it receives its general instructions from the central committee of the national union and attempts to carry them out in accordance with the requirements of the local situation. Appeals over the appointment of a trust di- rector, for example, arising between the pro- that the central committee of a national union |; nd funds of immediate value to the workers. The national industrial unions thus sup- jperted by underlying provincial organizations jmu turn pay from 10 to 15 per cent of | their income to the Central Council of Trade |Unions. They also set aside special funds for jcultural work, aid for the unemployed, stu- jdent assistance, medical work, rest homes and sanatoria. Small strike funds are also con- ;centrated in their hands. The aim of the unions is summed up in pop- |ular posters issued by some of the industrial unions reading “Less for the union apparatus, jmore for the service of the union members.” 'In this connection it may also be noted that |the salaries of the highest trage union offi- \cials in the areas like Moscow, where the cost jof living is highest, is a little over 112 dol- jlars a month. Provincial and lower officials |receive less. There seems to be no tendency to develop high paid officials receiving sub- stantially more than the skilled workers |whom they represent. Membership Qualifications. | Any manual or clerical worker may joina ition and standardization are a part of their dream of an industrialized Russia, just as they are the topic of constant discussion and planning among the union | workers ation of the country, the| : need for capital and the raising of the ma-| terial and cultural standards of the workers|Hi¢al specialists into the activities of the requires the further raising of the efficienc nions, special Engineering and Technical Sec- of work. It requires the constant attention of tions are formed both by the national and the trade unions.... The working class and ‘istrict organizations. These sections usually its trade unions by working steadily and hold national congresses prior to the calling | methodically for the development of industry | of the regular union congresses. Although and the whole Soviet economy not only cre-|they have their own funds, they have no sep- ates the conditions for the further raising of atte craft autonomy and work under the the material and cultural level of the work- Control of the central committee of the na- er’s life, but also insures the success of the| {onal union, Many of these sections publish |building of socialism in our country.” special engineering and technical journals for | i | their membership. to the Federal Council of Trade Unior At the last congress of the unions in 1926 the resolution of this question read in part as fol- lows: production, speciali “The industrial In order to attract the engineers and tech- To carry out the resolutions on production, ‘ ji ‘ ‘ passed at this as well as at previous All-Rus-| Summarizing the work of the production an congresses, the unions, through the fac-| committees and conferences during the past tory committees, have organized in all state|tWo years, President Tomsky told us that they |factories and enterprises production commit- have sed the output of the individual |tees. There are over 50,000 of these com-| Worke litated inventions, and helped in mittees in the U. 8. R. They have also|the rationalization of industry and the organ- |called production conferences, the purposes of zation of work by scientific methods. They jwhich are to “draw more workers into the|Serve to free the plants from many petty de- gress are chosen not at the lower inter-union|vincial department ed a oad pie : teva union ir ae ae nationality: | puilding of our economy,” to teach them more| fects in the work and organization which have fs ng i resses st, are usually rr r settle-|age, ec or political views. iv. y pet ¢ ee : a srides Pasa ” congresses or at the national congresses of the] ment trust, are usually carried up for e-lag Pp Pp. jabout production, improve their qualifica-|tended to decrease output. separate industrial unions but at the lower provincial, or territorial, congresses of the separate unions. For each 10,000 members a union is entitled to one delegate. However, for the thinly populated sections of the coun- try where no one union in a district contains 10,000 members, the delegates may be elected at the Inter-Union Congress. NEWS FROM U.S. S. Social Insurance. very large scale in the U.S. S: R.} Presented by adds considerably to braces millions of workers and makes much better provisions for wage earn- |eess. ers than are made in many west Euro- | pean countries. Social insurance in Soviet Russia is compulsory. There | is a system of obligatory contributions | on the part of enterprises and insti-! * ) German workers to the workers of | Social insurance carried out on a| the U. 8. S. R. This address wil! be} rapidly. A number of new works are the material | delegation which is coming to Sov: well-being of the working class. This| Russia to participate in thé celebra-! ployed in the manufacturing industry | system has been greatly. developed| tion.of the Tenth Anniversary of the | has increased 9.95 per cent and in th during the last three years, It em-| October Revolution. Collection of sig-}small industry 31 per cent. There | natnres goes on with considerable suc- ECONOMIC CONSTRUCTION. Ukrainian Economy for 1927 Capital investments in the national | tion of the ment to the central committee of the national union and the higher economic organs. Union Finances. the German worke in the course of construction. | ment. rae Bukhara district } | ; | n operation on on a large popula ei | Leningrad industry is developing} t!9 months the number of workers em- an 11 per cent decrease of unemploy Irrigation in Cotton )istricts. el (Central | articipa-|to day. lers of labor, self-employed persons and those ‘who are unemployed before joining any union are not eligible for membership, nor are other classes who are deprived of the suffrage. A The union member pays his dues, amount-| member of one union who by reason of occu- {Lefts Control Jalisco | @ Mines Despite “Crom” (Continued from Page One) | all factions. He also sent } to all American diplomatic | atives that proper precau- en taken. However, the tioned in Jalisco have been | iarmony with the local gov- | rgarito Ramirez, a railway | who is in turn closely in har- | my With fhe local anti-CROM labor | Farming ja During Here the departure of the-troops {te the mines was delayed from day When they finally appeared h these!on the scene, the strikers concealed | going GREETINGS TO SOVIET RUSSI tions, to stimulate invention and to establis} This production work is |a stronger social control over the economic | stimulating and novel tas of the unions in jorgans of the state. |Russia. It is capable of unlimited develop- Everywhere we went we found these pro- | ment. And it brings out clearly the part that one of the*rrosf jing to 2 per cent of his earnings, to a volun-|pation becomes a member of another union|duction conferences at work, composed of all|the trade unions are playing in the whole tary collector appointed by the factory com-jis transferred without any further admission |the workers in the factory who show a volun- conomy. mittee. The factory committee, in turn, gives|fee into the other union and without any loss| tary interest in increasing and improving pro-| (To be continued in tomorrow’s Daily Worke: ag the special issues of The DAILY WORKER to be tutions based on wages and salaries.| economy of the Ukraine in 1927-28 | efforts an add Such a financial basis has given a/will amount to about 719 million | hectares will be sound foundation to social insurance | roubles—33.8 per cent more than in {under cotton. making it a permanent contributory | the current year. There is consider- factor in regard to the well-being of | able increase in capital investments | of 7,000 |their weapons and the troops then amt put} prevented both factions from enter- jing the mine. On the pretext of Peasants Drain Marshy Land, | pursuing nearby rebels, the troops The peasants of the Velikoludsk dis-| Were withdrawn a day or so later, printed on November 7, the opportunity to send per- sonal greetings to Soviet the workjng class. comprehensive system applied prac- | Vices. tically to all people who work fc wages and salaries. Up till now agr cultural laborers were not included in | With increase this In regard to industr increase wil be as follow: this system, but with the beginning | of the present financial year, they wi'l also benefit hy social insurance. International Working Class Solidarity. try—17.5 per 7.5 per cent. Leen affixed to the address of th The TENTH YEAR | The Rise of Soviet Russia By J. Louis Encpauu The first of a series of new publications to be issued by Lhe Workers Library Pub- 10c in regard to electrification and the At present, social insurance is a | transport and post and telegraph ser- Compared with the current year, | agricultural production in the Ukr | The general growth of industrial According to news from Berlin, jand agricultural production °in the ver 100,000 signatures have already | Ukraine next year will be 9.7 per cent EACH ONE HUNDRED OR MORE The DAILY WORKER (Book Dept.) 33 First St., New York trict, northwest region, have bi m | and the radical strikers returned to ito drain enormous marshes covering | their posts. jan area of 65,000 dessiatines. For this Calles Aids Governor. | purpose, 1,360 homesteads have form-| While Morones sent the CROM ine /ed an afforestation association. Its | head of the Bureau of Labor the scene ar 6.6 per cent.! first and foremost task wil he the | to settle the dispute, President Calles 1 production, the | digging of a big canal over 20 kilo-| took it out of his hands and gave the big indus-| metres long. Peat will be obtained |Governor of the State, Ramirez, the industry— jon this reclaimed land. right to determine which was the Construction of Powerful Locomotives, ney ated aoe eu According to news from Leningrad, union tani Beng: Tent. to ideal H all locomotives will be produced hence- wie the Lay sone and go patore ane {forth in Soviet works. A locomotive | ®7bitration Leer sis “Seema is being now constructed which will | In the meantime Washington pro- | be powerful enough to draw trains | tests continued. The company hur- | weighing 90,000 pounds. | riedly hired non-union workers at} Improved Forms of Agriculture. me Nhe to ON noe renua (oe the , “ zt CROM union. But the payrolls of In honor of the Tenth Anniversary |the date when the strike commenced | of the October Revolution the peas- | disclosed this strategy and the! | j ants of the Krasnoholmsk Volost, Tver | established union was recognized. The | [| Gubernia (northwest RSFSR) have companies at first refused to resume | decided to adopt the system of crop} operations. Later they decided to} rotation of more than three fields.|the major demands of the strikers. The peasants of this region are using | In the meantime intrigue had set | now mineral fertilizers for their fiel in against Sequeiros and Reyes Perez. | This year the peasants of all the dis-| When attempting to leave Guadala. tricts of Turkminestan are beginning | jara to celebrate the victory they to favor the organization of collective | were detained on the city. The local | |farms of which 7 have already been | legislature which is not entirely in organized in the various villages. |harmony with the governor, in secrct | Women Participate in Soviet | session voted to deport the two Com- | Congresses. jmunists from the state. Whether Seventy-seven women participated | this will be accomplished seems in the First Congress of Soviets in the | doubtful, as it may be blocked by the | U.S. S. R., 81 in the Second and in | &°Vernor. the Third 95, with a decisive and 67 | Calles Ditehes Morones, | with a consultatiye vote. At the! Ag the first important instance in | Fourth All-Union Congress there were | which President Calles failed to back | already 124 women delegates with a{/up Morones and the CROM, the oc- | decisive and 69 with a consultative | currence has especial significance. All | vote, i.e, over 8 per cent of the com-|of the local elements are strongly | position of the congress, pro-Obregon and the conflict has | There were 12 women members inimeaning not only for the struggle | the First All-Union Soviet, 18 in the} for the development of independent Second, 45 in the Third and 55 in the cent, smal and Achievements | lishers. IN LOTS OF Fourth, Russia is given to American workers. These names will appear in the celebration proceedings—they will be published in The DAILY WORKER in a special hon- or roll. To cover the ex- pense of printing, all names will be published at 25 cents aname. Send your name— send the names of others— greet the Russian workers on the Tenth Anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Tur DAILY WORKER, 33 Firsr Srreer, New York, N. Y. —— closed §... : for greetings from the following workers, (Write plainly or PRINT.) (At 25 cents a name.) ORDER YOUR COPIES OF THE NOVEMBER 7TH EDITION NOW. PRICE $1.50 PER HUNDRED. non-official labor groups but also for fhe presigaidiat shoorite: LA RB NERT GS nie (ig RSE USTs Pri 4