The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 26, 1927, Page 2

Page Two WHITE TERRORIST SPIES GET DEATH INU, S.S.R. COURT Two Die in Attempt to Invade Soviet Union MOSCOW, U the five monarch grad, four have death, one of them to ten y prisonment. After reading according to the procedure of the tem, the court a nication from s ment that < known men, frontier from Fi resistance guards who kil one escaped into arms and proc! on one of the < ognized in one guide who accomp: be pleaded guil paring terro under in gence servi Poland and ot The defenda a former served in K mm th Finland, ates Stroevoy, who was lieutenant and rmy, declared that the Laty ence service in giving him s age instruc- tions, informed him of the nature of the material which he would collect, which was also wanted by the French naval attache. The prosecutor demanded capital punishment fer all the prisoners. He| declared that the accused have been | accomplishing what was agreed upon| two years ago with Reilly, the rep- resentative of the British secret in- | telligence service, who was the main organizer of the terror in the USSR. The work of the prisoners was not| limited to espionage but they were| entrusted also with blowing up| bridges and mills in order to throw into confusion the adjustments of the} national economy of the Soviet Union. | Alexander Balmassov, a former cap-| tain in Wrangel’s white army, de-| clared, during the course of his trial, | that it-was a policy of the terrorists | to try for the factories, “because these are the real strategic points of | attack on the Soviet front.” Balmas- | sov asserted that he had been paid 1,600 marks a month by the Grand) Duke Nicholas’ headquarters in Paris | for carrying counter-revolutionary | literature across the frontiers of the | Soviet Union, while he was given| 2,000 marks each month by Col.| Rosenstern, head of the Finnish sec-| vet service, for bringing back spy re-{ ports. * The examination of Balmassov es- | tablished that all the terrorist groups, including that led by Mme. Zahar-| shenko-Schultze, who tried to Blow | up the Ogpu headauarters, and that Latvia, t, larine ~|vasions, which lasted nearly three yea t| blown up, factories, mills and worksh (Continued from Page One) the United States. Whole villages were burned to the ground, factories and railroads destroyed, mines were blown up or flooded, and thousands of non- combatants murdered if suspected of being in sympathy with the new work- ers’ government. Lined up solidly with invaders of foreigners were the former&ndlords and most of the czarist generals, who, to be sure, hoped to regain their es- tates and to reestablish the old form of government. In the meantime the Red Army of workers was organized and rather poorly equipped. They, however, defeated totally one invading army after another. s, cost gland, France and possibly the United States ‘hundreds of millions of dollars. Famine and Economic Blockade Added Troubles. After peace was once more restored there came the famine, when more} than three millions either starved to death or died from fever, malaria, ete. At the same time over 6 millions suffered from sickness brought on from being underfed. The blockade kept out for a time medicine and other need- ed supplies. This gives a picture of the country that the present government fell heir to: a country looted by theft and violent destruction; its population reduced by millions, the live stock gone, the r ads ruined, hundreds of bridges ps wrecked. Tens of thousands o! ing to keep alive. Roving hands g what few crumbs that there naked orphans wandering over the land of cossack-outlaws raiding towns and might be left to steal and often murd g There was no credit and their medium of exchange wa ihat a bushel of roubles would scarcely buy a loaf of bread. a and outraging their victims. | so terribly debased It was out of s|this awful wreck that the present government began its herculean task of reconstruction. And now let us see how they succeeded or what has been accomplished in Russia by the much slandered Bolshevists since 1$ or since the invading armies of other nations have been driven out. All Around. ve trayeled several thousand I have been through their locomotive , rolling mills, glass salt mines, also co-op- e visited the rural districts and | I have interviewed local and | munists and non-Commu- Maurer Given Freedom of Acc During the time I spent in Russ miles through the industrial centers. shops, agricultural implement f i factories, rubber works, ‘textile erative bakeries, factories and stores; I have seen how the peasants live national public officials, trade uni nists, and workers of both sexes in all we No one has told me where to go or where not to go, or to whom I should speak. In every factory, mill, workshop or mine which we have visited, the books showing earnings, output, profits, w nd hours of work have been freely turned over to us and a later check-up by us at the headquarters of the trusts has shown that at no place have we been deceived. Tells of Wages and Working Conditions. In every shop we have visited, we found that the old primitive methods of production were being pushed aside for more modern methods. Old ma- chinery is being scrapped and new modern machinery and methods are being introduced and inaugurated. Every industrial plant is on the average more than 90% organized and this is only slightly less true among the J In fact, 90% of the eligible Russian working class populat ng to the unions. Boys and girls 14 years of age are permitted to wor apprentices: they work 3 hours a day in the mill or factory under instruc and then for 3 hours a day they generally attend a factory school, un are 17 years of age, t after which they are supposed to be full-fledged mechanics. Their wages as} apprentices average about 40 roubles a month, or $20. The wages of a mechanic in machine shops average 100 roubles, or $50, while highly skilled mechanics earn 80 roubles or $140 a month, and common labor in machine shop: rages 65 roubles. The work day is never more t 8 hours, but in all h rdous t es or those with great heat, such as glass factories, coal mining, foundries, ete., the work day is only 6 hours and in some cases even less, for while the work day is 6 hours in some of these trades, the workers get a half hour rest at the end of each hour worked, and this brings the actual work-day down to 4 hours in these par- ticular trades. Coal and Steel Workers Pay No Rent. Rent for a three-reom house with kitchen varies. mon laborer, with say a wife and three childr hig rent may be only six roubles, or $3 a mont! For the same kind of a house a better paid worker with a smaller family pays 14 roubles a month. In the coal mining region and steel belt the workers do not pay any rent, and they receive in addition Tf the tenant is a com- These cruel in- | THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, $927 Pennsylvania Labor President Praises U. 8. S. R. = { {They are now being used as health and rest homes, As many workers as | possible spend their vacations in these homes, while others who are ill are | sent there by their unions. These rest homes are owned and maintained by the unions. | Homes are built and maintained by the government for the care of the} tens of thousands of ragged and naked orphans whose parents died of starva- ‘tion or were killed by the invading armies. The outlaw bands of cossacks | | ulso have beer crushed and no longer need villagers fear for their li | property. ? Many other important measures of reconstruction are being put into | effect, of which the most outstanding feature is the application of the best technique in industry. This applies to farming as well, for five years ago there were 200 tractors in the whole of Russia, while there are now over 30,000. By the end of the next year they hope to increase this number by 50,000 more, virtually all of which will be made in their own | factories. | It should be remembered that before the revolution the work day was 11 | and 12 hours and thé pay in money was only a little better than one half of | what it is now. And yet with the shorter work day we have discovered to jour surprise that the output has on the whole not decreased, but in some | industries has actually increased. This is, of course, due to higher efficiency j and to improved machinery. | Cost of Living Cheaper Than In U. 8. | The cost-of living in the main is considerably lower than in the United | States. Fresh eggs are 22c a dozen, Man bread 3%2¢ a pound, and black bread 2%c a pound. Butter is 38¢ a pound, tomatoes 15e a dozen, a good- sized watermelon 4 cents, chicken 20c a pound, beef 10 and 12¢ a pound, | gasoline for your flivver 12c a gallon. | A few years ago clothing was very dear, but now with their improved | textile mills and clothing factories is virtually as cheap as ‘in the United States. As one travels on the train over this wonderful country that covers about a sixth of the land area of the world, one sees on the great plain: many herds of fine cattle and considerable modern machinery. \ | illiterate is disappearing. What Nation Has Done So Much in the Time? All this is merely a glimpse of what these terrible Bolsheviks have ac- complished in the past six years. No other nation on earth can boast of having done anywhere near as well in so short a period. I have, however, one complaint to make against Russia, not against the government that ha: done so well, but against its streets and so-called country roads. to me that all the holes, ruts and dust that we once upon a time had on our own streets in America have been shipped here. At any rate they have all the discomforts of traveling which we ever had and then some. Russian Workers Want Peace. When I ask the Russian people what they wish for most, they invariably reply: “Peace.” Fs “All we ask for,” they say, “is the friendship of the workers throughout the world; and that the governments of the world will not molest us!” To the question as to whether the government interferes with the actiy- ities of the unions, they invariably smile and seem confused as théy answer: selves are the government. holding down government positions, all government departments from le; lative down to executive are filled with industrial workers and peasants.” The highest pay which Communist party members are allowed to receive is 225 roubles a month, or $112.50. “Labor officials and official heads of in- dustrial establishments receive the same—from 200 to 225 roubles a month. Further comment is hardly necessary—the reader must draw his own con- clusions as to the reasons why capitalist countries condemn the Union of Soviet Republics. Appointment of Dwight USSR “Buys Peace” In Morrow a Challenge —— ‘French Debt Deal | (Continued from page 1) (Continued from page 1) foe of Wali Street power must be pre-| usual language: “If you give, I give,” pared to take up the challenge. bit, they will never accept terms of Dwight Morrow will go to Mexico | bondage. Even if the international as a Morgan man, a leading factor| bourgeoisie were successful in its at- in the imperialistic policy of Wall|tempts at the blockade economic Be Topic of Resolution ith!) | BiOup AS Benitd'S | plore AFL. Convention LOS ANGELES, Calif. — The ae | cial American labor movement will NEW, BRITAIN, Sept. 25—-At a | take toward the Chinese workers’ meeting held Sunday afternoon in the ‘| Struggle for freedom will be de- meeting Hall of the Sons of Italy in | termined at the coming American Walnut Street, about one hundred | Federation of Labor convention. boys were enlisted in a troop of fas- This was assured by the fact cist boy scouts. The organization | that the recent international con- plans were made and carried out by | vention of the Hotel and Pestaur- the local fascisti league branch. The | ant Employes’ Association adopted purposes of the new troop will be to |# resolution demanding “Hands Off train the boys of Italian extraction | China.” in American methods of physical cul- The resolution provided that the and they will be drilled under | delegates of the Hotel and Res- an instructor delegated by the Amer-, | taurant Employes of the A. F. of ican Legion here, according to the see-, | L. convention were instructed to] | retary of the fascisti branch. introduce the same resolution there, This bit of news shows the growing | and to fight for its adoption. open and brazen collaboration between “oa x ite To Propose That Al ‘ Build Anti-Fascist ) the American brand of fascism as ex- pressed by the Legion, and its Ital- prototype. There are indeed man v le lessons in American fascist methods that can be taught to the adherents of the Italian black shirts, clubs and castor oil. To counteract the poisonous activi- ties of the fascists in a working class lin State Be Fingerprinted ALBANY, Sept. —The incoming legislature will receive a proposal ‘from Dr. Raymond C. Kieb, state commissioner of correction, advocat- ing the fingerprinting of all residents Today most | all Russian citizens between the ages of 10 and 50 can read and write. The} It seems | “How can the government interfere in our union activities when we our-| We have no idle rich or professional politicians | town like New Britain with a popula- tion of over 75,000 workers, an anti- | fascist branch of 60 workers was or-| yanized last week. Frederick Ghio,! | treasurer of the Antj-Fascist Union| y Britain explained that the st organization of New Britain, h with the aid of the American Legion has‘ undertaken to instill a- | tred for the workers and the lust for ; murder into the minds of the children |of the working class, has been organ- | ized with the approval and aid of the, talian government. | | The New Britain workers will | struggle against both the Italian fas-, cists and the menace of their advis- | jers, the American Legion. Plans are | | being made for an extensive campaign ' | among the workers exposing fascism, ' j both in Italy and the U. S—New |Haven Evening Register. French Fascists Bid Legion Avoid Berlin (Continued from page 1) | jtion of the American “veterans.”} | Other Legion groups have dispersed |to Belgium and the Rhineland, altho, \at the bidding of the French nation- jalist bloc in the French government, General “Black Jack” Pershing has ordered Berlin struck off the list of! |the European cities to be visited by | the Legion. The action is the result |of the statement of the French na- | tionalists that the visit of the Legion- jnaires to Germany might further |embitter the feeling of the French towards the Legion. | Pershing and a party of American militarists, including the past and the | present commanders of the Legion, ;Savage and Spafford, have visited in the state. Are You Keeping Busy for th Bazaar? A SHORT COURSE of ECONOMIC SCIENCE By A, BOGDANOFF Revised and supplemented by Ss. M. Dvolaitsky in conjunc- tion with the author. Trans- lated by J, Fineberg. a comprehen- ys ® sive and popular intro- duction to the study of the principles of Marxian philos- opl It was, as the author in his preface, written » dark days of Tsarist on for the use of secret OMRADE BOGDANOFF'S book is reac workers’ study circles; and it serves today as a textbook in hundreds, of if not thousands, party schools and study cles “now functioning in et Russia.” Reread Georges Clemenceau. The following | of Soloviev, who blew up the busi-| free coal, free light, and free water. This is true where the industry owns Saari Migs Coeien gee ae at Planted by, oe ange ee workers] conversation is said to have taken!{! foata red painted ie tet ness club in Leningrad on June 7, | the houses, yet in spite of this tens of thousands of workers are building their | “Y/)°mS eo | ts sic eee ITT eae UU ease Soviet Union will place between Pershing and the so-|{ 2nd the ninth In 1906. It was were directed and actively assisted by | own homes. th armed intervention, has subject-|find sufficient forces within their} ” | Col. Rosenstern. The former spy ad-| mitted that the white terrorist meth-| ods had been resolved on only when| it had become apparent that all or- dinary propaganda against the So- viet Union was fi Sehneider Competition Postponed. 4 LIDO, Venice, Sept. 2 -With a 25-mile an hour gale sweeping down from the Ap es and lashing the} Adriatic Sea into heavy waves, the| authorities decided to postpone the Schneider Cup Competition until to-| morrow. Everything was ready for the contest except the weather. The race will be held Monday afternoon at 2.30. Are You Doing Your Bit for the Big Red Bazaar? Before the Whole Lot Is Sold Out THE DAILY. WORKER 4 iis. send a dollar for 4 copies to give to your shopmates and members of your union— Single copies 25 cents. DAILY WORKER PUB. CO, 38 First Street, New York | cost to them. | the history of Ru The workers also receive free medical service for the entire family and get a two-weeks’ vacation every year with full pay. The workers in arduous and disagreeable trades get a month’s vacation, ey also receive full pay when sick or injured, and also out-of-work benefits of nearly one-half of their wages. They also receive old age pensions. Women Workers Get Extra Aid. Women employes about to become mothe: before the child is born and 8 weeks after given an allowance to provide for the birth of a baby an for a period of 9 months for milk. Every community has its labor center and s which I have visited compare favorably with some « lionaire clubs. communities are these Labor Centers which are equipped with off € committee rooms, sembly ha theaters, dining halls, dance halls rooms, reading rooms, shooting galleries, ete. Most of these palaces are surrounded by parks. The music is usually furnished by local talent recruited from the union membership and the same is true of the theatrical productions. Band concerts and moving pictures are free of charge to the members of organized labor and their families. On two nights a week the non-union men and their families may attend without any The social life among the workers is for the first time within being taken care of by the workers themselves. Trains On Time. In every factory, mill, workshop, or mine that I have visited I have seen what they call a “Red Corner. ort of a combined reading room and dining room. Here can be f inds of literature on economic and social problems. I doubt whether there is a place in Russia where men are employed, even in the barracks of the Red Army, where a life size portrait of Lenin does not grace its walls. Railroad workers enjoy every advantage that other workers do and are paid at about the same rate as machinists. ins make good time and can be depended upon for being on time; the railroads that were destroyed during the our own The largest and most pretentious looking building in most e of labor palaces American mil- the invasion are not only back to what they were before the war, but are | ahead of pre-war days. New rolling stock and additional miles of trackage are daily being added. the one near Leningrad being one of the largest in Europe and in full opera- tion, while many others are under construction. A canal is being built and is to be finished within five years; this canal will run a distance of over 300 miles between the Volga and the Don rivers, nd, when finished, will be a great convenience in shipping lumber in one lireetion and wheat in the other. “Workers Own, Control and Run Government.” it. should be remembered that all of the factories, mines, natural re- sources, mills and railroads belong to the government and that the workers own, control and run the government. ‘The profits are divided into several channels. A portion is used for edu- cation and for housing, a portion to subsidize infant industries not yet strong enough to stand on their own feet, while a considerable amount is spent for sanitation, hospitals, sewers and water supply. Think of it! | water system, and cities of 40 to 100 thousand population still depend upon wells and natural streams for their water supply. At all hours of the day one can see women carrying water, most of which must be carried from a considerable distance. Between the government industries, the trade unions, and the co-opera- tives, sewers and central water reservoirs are being installed. Nearly every city I have visited has had some of its streets torn up with trenches where sewer and water mains are being laid. The old moth eaten shacks called houses which the workers inherited from the old order are being vacated as fast as new homes can be built, In every industrial center which I have visited, extensive house building programs were being carried on and tens of thousands of comfortable workers’ homes are being erected. Keep Improving Industrial Technique, Wherovor I have been I have seen what they call Rest Homes, These are old mansions generally where the rich formerly idled away their time, long distance flight record, f Gigantic electric power stations are being erected, | Few cities in Russia could formerly boast of a central | ed most of the Caribbean area and is this moment standing over the uraguan people with steel bayon- ets at their throats. Can You Stand It? Are the masses of the American e people willing to bear the conse- quences of this profit-policy? Where jit is leading to is already plainly visi- jble in the growing imperialist an- tagonisms that carry with them signs cf the growing war danger. Let us nut forget that the last war 1s a Morgan war! It is time for us to establish close jrelations with the labor and anti-| jimperialist movements of Latin | America, precisely because of the |contrary attitude of Wall Street and | Washington. Morgan’s man is not jour man! Dwight Morrow may be |the ambassador of American imper- jialism but he is not our ambassador! | Let every labor and farmers’ or- |ganization in the country send out its | protest! Demonstrate | Mexican people! | Speed the movement for -organiza- tion of a Labor Party in the United |States, to“sffer steady resistence to |the menace of the republican and |demoeratic parties of American im- perialist capitalism! | All-America Anti - Imperialist | , League (United States Seec- tion) «» Manuel Gomez, Secretary: solidarity with the Report German Finances. BERLIN, Sept. 25.—That Germany is going into a deeper financial hole |this year than at any time in her ‘history, is indicated in a study of sta- |tisties just published, showing that | the passive balance after payments probably will total more than a billion |dollars for 1927, The balance, after |payments for the first half of this | year were passive to the extent of 2,154,000,000 marks, Lindbergh Arrives at El Paso. EL PASO, Texas, Sept. 25, — Charles A. Lindbergh landed hero yes- terday in-his Spirit of St. Louis on his national air tour, Lindbergh flew here from Lourdsbourg, N. M., where he made a brief stop enroute from Tucson, Ariz, Acosta Tries Plane, CURTIS FIELD, L, L, Sept. 25.— Bert Acosta flew several hours yes- terday to test his new Fokker Uni- vorsal Wright Whirlwind Plane in pre- pow for an attempt to break the called “Tiger |ranks for the victorious construction | | aDKS) 201 : ““You have a complexion like aj} | of socialism. ps BE al | girl,” said Pershing. “Flatterer,” | cried Clemenceau, “You look just like | Postman “Delayed” Settlement | the boy you are.” | Terms. The visit was spent in similar | PARIS, Sept. 25.—In his attempt|©°™Pliments and when the militarists |to throw suspicion on the debt nego-| departed the “Tiger” wept. | |tiations between the Soviet Union| jand the French government, Anatole \de Monzie, chairman of the delega-| tion negotiating the Franco-czarist ahs debts, has announced that the letter| With his financial backer, Count Salm, | |from Ambassador Rakowsky contain-| #94 another companion is attempting | |ing Litvinov’s terms, was delayed in|® Germany to Japan and return flight, delivery by a postman’s : | hopped off again today from Angora | | The terms of settlement include the | fr denne Mesopotamia, his next | |payment in twenty-one_ annuities of| prom a Stop, according to advices | 60,000,000 gold franes ($12,000,000) | een Plan Berlin to Japan Flight. | LONDON, Sept. 25.—Capt. Otto | Koennecke, German war ace, who, first published in English in 1923—this new edition, just issued, is the second, $1.00 | ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL | EDUCATION—By A. Berd- nikey and A. Svetlov. Paper, $1.00 Cloth, $1.50 LENIN ON ORGANIZATION Cloth, $1.50 THE DAILY WORKER PUB. CO. 33 First Street, New York. but makes these payments dependent | upon the extension by France of | jeredits to the Soviet Republic. The} | government of the Soviet Union has| | announced its willingness to guaran- | tee its good faith by depositing 30,-| 000,000 gold francs with the French! | banks within six months of the agree-| j ment, | | The rumor that the Soviet govern- |ment proposes to make the annuity| |payments partly in oil has aroused | | the fury of the British oil interests’! who are doing all in their power to| interrupt the negotiations thra mis- representations in the French press. | * * * U. S. Negotiations May Follow. MOSCOW, U.S. S. R., Sept. 26.—It | is felt here that the success of the) \debt negotiations between the Soviet) | Union and the French government} may serve as a precedent for simifar| negotiations between the U. S. S. R.! ‘and the United States. The amounts jat issue between the two countries are smaller than thdse involved in the Soviet Union-French settlement, and it is expected that negotiations should be simpler and more easily effected | for this reason. | i Paul Crouch Will Speak | in Baltimore Today BALTIMORE, Md., Sept, 25.—Paul Crouch, revolutionary ex-soldiers, sen- tenced to 80 years’ imprisonment for Propaganda for the working class, sentence reduced because of the work- ers’ opposition to it, will lecture on American Imperialism, under the aus- pices of the “Hands Off China Con- ference, Monday, Sept, 26, at 8.80 fe m, at Wiltshire Hall (formerly jarry's Hall) 741 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, Admission free, 69 FIFTH AVENUR EXTRAORDINARY SOVIET To witness the Celebrations and Gala Festivals of the Tenth Anniversary of the Russian Revolution, sails Oc- tober 14th, 1927, via Cunard liner “Carmania” to London, Leningrad, Moscow. Entire cost $600.00: You must ap- ply immediately! World Tourists, Inc. ALGONQUIN 6500, RUSSIA NEW YORK,N.Y,