The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 16, 1927, Page 6

1 Page Six THE DAILY WORKER, N: W YORK, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1927 Moscow's Workers Have an Extensive Daily Press to Keep Them Well Informed EN By J. LOUIS New York City the hosts of daily newspapers cover From the the editors pretty much the sai vel to the scream tty much the “Times alike in p s. Of course, the} Times carries a veneer of 1 lid material and strives to be political. Since it i ewspaper of record” ‘it | has a special edition published on durable paper made of rags and not of quickly perishable wood pulp. The tabloid “Graphic” cares only about catching the popular whim of today and worries not about a place in some | dusty library of the future., | * Fa * | In Moscow, U. S. S. R., there are also many daily newspaper But every one of them has some definite reason for existing. The profit motive in the publi: ing of daily newspapers disappeared with the victor the Bolshevik Revolution in November, 1917. Daily} newspapers are published in Moscow purely as medium: of information, to give the news and interpret the news to the masses. The daily newspapers of general cir- | culation in Moscow today are: | THE PRAVDA (Truth):—The Central Organ of the| Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Republics. It speaks for “The Party.” Its circulation has passed the 600,000 mark THE ISVESTIA (News) Soviet Government. It spe: has 450,000 subscribers, | RABOTCHAYA MOSKVA (Working Moscow) :—This is published jointly by the Moscow Committee of the Communist Party, the Executive of the Moscow Soyiet and the Moscow Council of Trade Unions. It has 180,000 subscribers. a VECHERNAIA MOSKVA (Evening Moscow):—An afternoon paper of general circulation with about 100,000 readers. RABOTCHAYA GAZETTA (Workers’ Gazette):—A tabloid paper, with many pictures and news treated briefly. It has 270,000 subscribers. * * * Of course, there are other dailies published in Mos- cow, like the organ of the Young Communists, “Kons molska Pravda,” the technical organ, “Economic Life,” and “Trud,” the general organ of the trade unions, a: well as the publications of the unions in the various in dustries. But these cover special fields. On one occasion I was in the office of Joseph Stalin, secretary of the All-Union Communist Part In a neat pile on his desk were the current issues a dozen dailies that had appeared that day in Moscow. The Central Organ of the | for the government. It} Two years ago the Isvestia had a larger circulation than Pravda. But the Party organ now far surpasses the central organ of the government in reader: This | does not mean that the Isvestia has retrogressed. Both | the Isvestia and Pravda have made progress. pltnomenal success of the Pravda, especially, shows th siderably lifted, that they take a vital Many intricate problems that engage the attention of “the Party.” Tt is a far leap fro Today the wo t the Soviet Union, grow as follo- In 1924—308,000 s In 1927—609,000 subseri The celebr ion of the 15th anniversary was the big feature of Press Day this year in Rus * of CF * * Judged by American capitalist newspaper standar the first pages of the Soviet daily press are rather “Solid,” which means that they are not supposed to be interesting. But the Russiah workers and peasants find them very attractive. The first page usually starts off in the first colum# with an editorial. In the Isvestia, the government or- gan, this editorial usually deals with the most impor- | tant problem or event in the Soviet Union. In the Pravda the daily editorial usually deals with the most important international development. News of hig in- ternational events also get on the first page. Usually there is also a cartoon. Discussion of international events and internal prob- lems is often carried over to the second page, which also usually contains a “feulliton,” a light article, writ- ten in a lively style on some subject of lesser impor- tance. * * + The bottom of the second page is known as “The Basement of the Paper” and regularly contains a more lengthy article, usually about 3,000 words, dealing with @ question requiring the presentation of detailed in- formation. It often takes up some economic problem and cites statistics extensively. Altho it is not read by the great mass of the subscribers, it furnishes ex- cellent informative material for the more thgro readers. Such articles would be completely taboo in’ an Ameri- ean capitalist newspaper, even when treated from the capitalist viewpoint. It would be relegated in this country to the financial or economic reviews that have no circulation to speak of. * * * An investigation has shown that the more educated Treaders in the Soviet Union take up the’ ‘‘Feulliton” first, while the less educated start with the news, and then turn to the reports of the proceedings in the courts before proceeding to the heavier articles. The rest of the paper is then given over to the usual departments that feature the various Russian dailies. Sport news is not read very much; and it gets a mini- mum of attention. This is due to the fact that the com- “petitive side of sports is not exploited in Russia. Most attention is given to sports as an aid to the physical development of the masses and not the parading of a few “star” athletes. * * * On page three one usually finds articles dealing with the agricultural, industrial and educational problems of the Soviet Union. This is also the page where most of the “campaigns” are waged. In the issue that I went thru, page three contained articles on “lower prices” and the question of “improving the quality of goods.” This material is considered of such importance that it usually runs over on page four, where the shorter ar- ticles on this subject appear. The departments “Party Life,” “Labor Life,” “Labor Life in the Factories” and letters from worker correspondents, also find a place ,on either the third or fourth pages. * * * Page five is given over to news and articles dealing with the local affairs of Moscow. Here is to be found (Continued in column 4) The Young Communist international, Only ‘Stecessor of the First Youth International | Manifesto of the E. C. of the Y. C. I. on the 20th Anniversary of | the Founding of the Youth International. | EDITOR'S NOTE—Beginning with this issue, and confinuing for an| | entire week, The DAILY WORKER will print a number of articles on the; Youth Movement by many of its well-known leaders. These articles are printed in connection with the Twentieth Anniversary of the Founding of the International of Youth, and the Thirteenth International: Youth Day, | which are celebrated jointly, by the revolutionary movement in the entire | world, in the first two weeks of September. x x * conference at Stuttgart. Karl Liebknecht was the initiator of this confer- ence and the leading figure at it. Other comrades who are now well-known figures in the Communist Movement today participated. The Socialist Youth International always threw its strength to the militants in the Socialist movement and against the reformists, It was not for nothing that Lieb- knecht declared in later years, “The youth is the purest flame in the reyo- lutionary movement.” When the war came, and the international Socialist | move trayed the working class, the Youth movement remained loyal | to its rcvclutionary ideals. In September, 1915, in the midst of the bloody war, the Socialist Youth International held a conference in Berne and issued a ringing call to the youth to fight against the war. The first week in September was set aside as a period during which the youth are to rally to the struggle ag imperialism and against war. The Communist Youth International is proud to consider itself the in- heritor of the traditiogs of the Socialist Youth International. Today, in the celebration of International Youth Day, it considers that it can best carry on these traditions, it can best follow the teachings of Liebknecht and of Lenin by marshalling all its forces in the struggle against militarism, against imperialist war, and fer the defence of the Soviet Union. % : bs AP RE TEEEY aa ane Rrra All to the Mass Struggle Against |PTeparing the complete subjection of the Imperialist Danger of War! the labor movement in future wars All to the Demonstration for the | PY ou new aetna Ne : Imernational Young Workers! Ronee x t es er OF % ie ea Young Workers, Soldiers and Sailors!|,, *OU"s Social Democrats just tke At the end of August for the 20th|the oid deny the great danger of war. time we celebrate the foundation of } They even _ continue | their agitation the Youth International. and campaign of lies against the The Socialist Youth International was founded in August, 1907, at a : The Soviet Union Prepares For Celebration of Tenth} Anniversary of Revolution RBOOKS A WORKER WRITES OF CHINA. CIVIL WAR IN NATIONALIST CHINA, by Earl Browder. Publishing Co., Chicago, 1927. $.25. CHINA AND AMERICAN IMPERIALIST POLICY, by Earl Browder. bor Unity Publishing Co., Chicago, 1927. $.05. On the very day that this review is written, Hearst’s highly paid edi- = MOBCOW URERNED .. _ | torial staff set forth in his New York Journal, and probably in all of his In the Leninsk sub-district of Moscow Gubernia a) other evening papers, to inform the American public about Ch: They district electric station and two Hospitals will be opened | flash a picture of Chiang Kai-shek, and rhapsodize on the power and influ- for the 10th anniversary of the November, 1917, revo-! once of this discredited failure, Ti ‘ R e he writer of the editorial very plainly lution. The station will supply the town of Leninsk,| skows that after China has held front page space in his paper for two years, the glass works, and all villages within a radius of : A he does not know, either that General Chiang is lurking in a monastic retrzat, 15 versts, with electricity. | cursed by all sides for the hash he has made of things, waiting until his LENINGRAD. Labor Unity La- | ignominy passes before he can be recalled to the army, nor even that his There will be ten exhibitions, organized in Leningrad family name is Chiang. He talks of founding a “Kai. Shek” dynasty. for the 10th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. | = * * Among them there will also be a grand industrial econ- | We comment thus at length on this trivial incident of the editorial, be- omic exhibition in which the cooperatives will partici-| cause it shows so well the extreme confusion existing among the American pate. reading public as to affairs in China. Why shouldn’t there be? Only a few THE PROVINCE. | years ago no one knew anything at all about China. It was a dark and im- There is a project on hand of radiofication of the | pervious country. Then numerous Rad biased missionaries wrote distorted entire Leningrad district and the Karelian Republic. jand fanciful accounts of the slums and red-light districts. Profegsional The Novogorod and Pskov Gubernias will instal 50/| travellers (and every such is a liar) told of pirates and the back country, loudspeakers each; the Cheropovetsk Gubernia, 32; the | Sentimental literary radicals extolled the Tolstoyan virtues and peasant Karelian Republic, 30;*and the Murman Gubernia, 3.| communism (both mythical) of the wise Chinese. The loudspeakers will be installed in the villages and Then as western capitalism began to sink its fangs in and suck out reading robms. fabulous amounts of surplus value, lying about China became systematized, directed propaganda, all meant to confuse the Western worker. Thru it all uncomfortable suspicions among American workers that their Chinese fellow workers are some way bound up in this—the news that millions are organizing in unions, and the story of bitter strikes for small gains, and slaughter, now by what was advertised as the army of pacifica- tion, and again by what is called the people’s army, and by others, * ¥ * & Into this swirling confusion Earl Browder's dittle, simply written and a | factual pamphlet “Class War in Nationalist China,” comes like a searchlight ‘ WHITE RUSSIA. | in a storm, pointing out at a glance the main drift, the currents, the under- Eight local electric stations, supplying the rural popu-| lying factors that explain the confused eddy of politics and parties. lation and the local industry with power will be opened | As every Marxian would have suspected, the secret of Chinese splits for the tenth anniversary. | and reunions, victories and defeats is the class war. China is not a com- A revolutionary museum will be opened in the educa- | munist state—it is a state closely resembling feudalism, with a peasant class tional alliance in Briansk. A considerable number of UKRAINE. A workers’ evening university, an agricultural school, a club, a workers’ university and a workers’ settlement will be opened in Artemovsk. Three electric stations, a nut-and-bolt ship will start working. Foundations will be laid for four hospitals, three clinics, ten read- ing rooms, an elementary school and a new conduit) system in Lisichansk. | not much above the status of serfs. It is a country in which a huge exploited In August 1907 (24-26) forsthe first | Soviet Union more intensely and thus help the bourgeoisie to surprisg the workers with the new war and to mobilize against their Russian broth- time representatives of young work- ers’ organizations of different coun- tries met in Stuttgart at an interna- radio installations has been bought and a cinema ap- paratus will be installed in every sub-district (volost). SACCO AND VANZETTI MEMORIALS. proletariat of common laborers (coolies) and artisans is leavened and led by a new group, small but energetic, of factory, railroad and mining prole- tarians. The native capitalism and land owning classes would like to get But the | tional conference, At this conference | °™S- the First International Alliance of] _ They Prepare a Second 1914. Youth organizations was formed. | This time their inactivity is still The great question at the Stuttgart |™ore criminal, their treacheiy more Conference was the struggle against | disgraceful. Now it is a question of imperialist war.|the Soviet Union, the fatherland of revolutionary spir- | the workers of all countries, the lib- that inspired this|¢eration struggle of the Chinese peo- |ple is at stake. h organizations | Young workers, comrades! which had bi formed spontaneously! Do you want to participate in this towards the close of the century in| treachery? most ropean countries were the re-| Never! sult of struggles against militarism| They know today that you are not and against capitalist’ exploitation of to be deceived so easily. Therefore young workers and apprentices. They|the Social Dertocratic leaders, those had to fight not only against the|same people who were fought during bourgeoisie, the officials and police,|/ and after the war like a pestilence by but also against reformist leaders in|Liebknecht and the Youth Interna- 2 st it of Liebknect conference! The proletarian yo along without foreign domination by great capitalism, but in the end, prefer it to a class revolution at home. The “Class War in Natiénalist China” came to be written (the only ‘ : +». | actual explanation of the Chinese revolution in the English language) be- Be ee oe Be Os | cause Browder, with Tom Mann, Jacques Doriot and Sydor Stoler, travelled, P : . ‘ iH | as the International Workers’ Delegation, from Canton thru Kwantung, NEWS FROM THE U.S. S. R. Kiangsi and Hunan provinces by rail, boat and on foot, thru fifty large AMELIORATION IN TURKMENISTAN. | cities and the very heart of the most thickly populated and politically active The number of amelioration societies in Turkmenistan | territories of central China, during March, April, May and June of this year, is continually increasing. Their number has increased | that is, exactly when the class war was beginning to emerge in clearly rec- from 85 to 180 in the course of ten months, The amei-| ognizable form from the nationalistic phase which the revolution had been ioration work accomplished by them amounts to three | going thru. million roubles. Irrigation works repaired by the so-! cieties affect 75 thousand dessiatins of land; they have newly irrigated 22 thousand dessiatins. Many Leningrad enterprises applied to be permitted to assume the name of Sacco and Vanzetti. In Saratov a street has been named Sacco and Vanzetti. Members * * ¥ In the beginning, says Browder, in Canton, there was in appearance | still unity between landlords, capitalists, merchants, guildsmen, peasants, A NEW RAILWAY. ,and workers. The northern expedition was still winning battles to the credit : i ‘ oem "i _ of Chiang Kai-shek because the workers and peasants revolted against the .The new Petrovsko-Blagodarno railway line has been| way tords of the north, and turned their victories over to the Kuomintang completed. The road cuts thru the Stavropol district | army headed by Chiang, The International Workers’ Delegation was feted in the North Caucasus uniting the richest grain and) by a united committee of all groups. ¢ the intellectual level of the workers has been con-| + terest in the} the Social Democratic Parties and e unions who put all obstacles in yr Ros Luxemburg and |Clara Zetkin were alone in the revo- lutionary Left ig of the II. Inter- The Bolsheviks and espe- | Karl Liebknecht supported from the ve arian youth orgar Karl the dauntless nilitarist struggle also President of the Stuttgart Conference. Under the leadership of ational and its revolutionary pro- gram came into being. |” Karl Liebknecht, the brave fighter against imperialist war and Socialist | treachery, the originator of the slo- ,|@an: “not class peace but civil war,” the leader of the Spartacus and the founder of the Communist Party of 1G rmany~at that time issued a clear 1 to the, youth for struggle. The proletarian youth accepted thé call for struggle with enthusiasm. Dur- ing the dark days that ensued, the | Youth International remained faith- jful to Liebk *s commands and | was the brighte: tar in the fighting {revolutionary movement. | It is to the memorable historical credit of the proletarian youth move- treachery, the deepest disgrace of the international labor movement, it held aloft the flag of internationalism, of irreconcilable class struggle and many took the lead in the struggle against war. Proletarian youth organizations learnt the lessons of their struggle against war and reformism at the IV. International Youth Conference in Berlin, 1919. The representatives of zations which had remained together during the most difficult years of the war decided unanimously there to: Socialist Youth Organizations into the Young Communist International. The Young Communist Interna- tional, which is the immediate devel- opment of the first youth interna- tional, works and struggles today in the spirit of the Stuttgaré Conference, in the spirit of Karl Liebknecht, the memorable leader of the international youth movement, Today this struggle is more press- ing than ever. Just today on the anniversary of the Stuttgart conference it is more necessary than ever to remind young workers of the teachings of the world war and to hold aloft the revolution- ary tradition of the proletarian youth movement. | The danger of a new world war is |nearer than ever, For months impe- | vialists have been and are carrying on | intervention in China. British impe- rialism is preparing war against the Soviet Union, it leads and supports white guard attacks on Soviet Russia, organizes an economic blockade against the Soviet Union and is work- ing perseveringly for the creation of an imperialist war front against the only workers’ State in the world, Preparations for war are being car- died.9n, feverishly. Capitalists are Karl Liebknecht the first Youth In-} ment that in the days of blackest| a large majority of all youth organi-| transform the international Union of} international |” tional, who have ever kept away from |international class and the youth in- ternational, who have betrayed a hun- \dred times proletarian international- |ism and the principles of the Stutt- gart Conference, these people today }under an appearance of joy celebrate the Stuttgart Conference as the de- scendants of the Youth International. How ridiculous and incredible is such a pretension? Ask the Social Democratic Youth leaders where they were in 1914-1918 when the Youth International of Stuttgart was fight- ving, ask them what they did in 1919 |when the same International joined the Communist International, ask |them what they did with Liebknecht, \how they carried out the decisions of | Stuttgart and what they are doing to- jday against imperialist war and for |the demands of the youth workers! | Make them answer you why they to- |day, who are celebrating the Youth? | International which is effective thru- jout the whole world under the title of jthe “Young Communist Interna- | tional,” why they are besmirching it ‘and reject any kind of joint struggle with it! These are the people who never jhave had anything in common with our Youth International and the spir- it which inspires it, who on the con- |trary are its greatest opponents,— | reformists. | The Young Communist Interna- tional calls on you on the occasion of the anniversary of the Stuttgart con- ference and the XIII, International Youth Day—inaugurated during the war as the international day of strug- gle of young workers—to strengthen your struggle against imperialist war and the attacks of capitalism. It calls on you to celebrate these days by demonstrations, manifestos against war preparations and on behalf of ‘he| Soviet Union. | Celebrate with us the interna.;. struggle week August 28-Sept. % the XIII. International Youth Day, Sept. 4. Come to the international demon-| stration of the Y. C. I. on August 28 in Stuttgart! Demonstrate for strug- gle under the banner of Karl Lieb- knecht, under the Communist Inter- national! We do not believe that with the celebration of such days everything is attained, but we believe that they serve to rouse the young workers for mass struggle and to fidelity to the teachings of Lenin and Liebknecht: For the economic and political ‘de- mands of young workers! Against reaction and Fascism! Against imperialist war prepara- tions! For the Chinese revolution! For the defence of the Soviet Union! For the fraternization of soldiers! | For the overthrow of our imperial- ist governmentg and victory of our Socialist fatherland, the Soviet Union! For the transformation of imperi- alist war into victorious revolution! For the Young Communist Interna- tional! Executive Committee of the cattle areas. | It is expected to begin this fall the prolongation of | the line. A NEW OIL REFINERY. | The construction of a new oil refinery near Baku with | a capacity of 50,000 poods per day has been completed. | All equipments are of Soviet production. | HUGE SHOE FACTORY. | The construction of a huge shoe factory with a ca-| pacity of 2,200,000 pairs per year is now beginning in} Kharkov. The factory will be equipped with most mod- | ern technique and will employ 1,500 workers. | GREAT ACHIEVEMENT IN SOVIET AVIATION. | Comrade Shestakov landed in Blagoreshchensk in the | airplane “Our Reply” on August 26th, 9:40 a. m. | He started from Moscow and made a flight of over | 8,000 kilometres. Comrade Shestakov made this flight. in less than a week. This is the greatest achievement of the last few years in flights over Asia. Comrade | Shestakov reported that in some places his speed was | over 286 kilometres an hour. “BACK HOME!” | The first group of Armenians consisting of 354 peo-| ple arrived from Constantinople to Batum en route from Turkey to Soviet Armenia. Another group of a thou-!} sand people is expected at the beginning of September. FRENCH GOVERNMENT PREVENTS EMPLOYES’ DELEGATION FROM GOING TO U.S. S. R. The delegation of employes working for the minister for finance of France which intended to go to the U.| S. S. R. was officially prohibited to do so by the French government, In a special instruction the minister for. finance proposed to all departments to give no vacation to employes wishing to go to the U. S. S. R., to reject applications and withdraw permissions if such had al- ready been granted. ELECTION OF NEW CONTROL COMMISSIONS. | The factory workers elect their control commissions whose duty it is to control the industrial conferences in the enterprise. Hitherto there have been only 26 such commissions. They made good use of their rights to make direct in-| vestigations of production and administration. | The results attained by the control commissions are highly valuable. Thus the control commission of the Leningrad Putilov works made 118 suggestions, one of | which gives a saving of 60,000 roubles and another | 14,000 rubles. The control commission of the Zaryadie | made several suggestions as a result of which the quan- tity of damaged goods has decreased. The control com- missions of Baku, Leningrad and Stalingrad have per- | formed highly valuable work. | There will be elections held now in 200 enterprises. | The elections will be held at broad workers’ conferences, ‘The Daily Press of Moscow (Continued from column 1) | the news of the courts and the local government, the | theatre, book reviews and the kino (moyies). It is very seldom that any but Russian movies are | reviewed, altho quite a few foreign-made movies ap- pear in Moscow and thruout the Soviet Union. For- eign, pictures, however, are considered as having no social meaning and get little attention. Much attention is given to the theatre which, it is shown, has an aver- age iu ideas attendance of 140,000. Advertising is rele- gated to the last page. oe ” * * This is just a brief glance at the press of the work-| ing class in Moscow and the Soviet Union. Most of these workers’ daily newspapers are printed on presses that formerly turned out the newspapers of the Russian landlords, bankers and industrial magnates under the old regime. Many gew presses have been purchased and ‘installed, however. Isvestia is having an entirely new building erected. But already they heard that General Chiang, opponent of unions, had staged one coup d’etat in Canton and overawed the central Kuomintang by military foree. They heard of fighting between a’ right wing union of mechanics and the railway workers. They found that when the cadets at Whampoa cheered the Communist International, their officers pulled wry faces. At Kanchow they found that a new division of the Kuominchun (peo- ples’ army) made up of captured northern soldiers, had been sent into town hy Chiang Kai-shek and had killed the trade union secretary, Chen-Chang- shu. The merchants and landlords wanted to explain everything to the Workers’ Delegation—all thru their journey the right wing Kuomintang tried to confuse, mislead and befuddle the delegation by a series of after dinner speeches. But the delegation was not easily fooled, and at Kanchow they made contact between a left-wing regiment, newly arrived at Kanchow, and the union leaders who had been driven underground. The celebration staged to welcpme the delegation was turned into a revolt which threw out the right wingers and won Kanchow for unionism. This illustrates the intimate contact with the Chinese masses which the delegation was able to establish, and shows the very intimate sources of information on which the “Civil War in Nationalist China” is based. * * * S The solution of the puzzling political moves at N: king and Hankow are understandable in the light of this general summary: that Wu Pei-fu, ® Sun Chuan-fang, Chang Tsung-chang and other northern militarists held power thru foreign imperialist favor. That a united front of native exe ploiters and exploited drove them out, or at least into the far north, but immediately developed a class war at home, where the peasants and workers could as little stand the exploitation of natives as of foreigners. The reor« ganized Kuomintang showed the proletarian elements strengthening. Chiang Kai-shek was so foolish as to split too soon. He entered inte negotiations with the war lords of the north to maintain himself, and he had quarrels with a centerist element too, in the Kuomintang, which repudi- ated him when he set up his Nanking government. Hankow remained the seat of the united front, what was left of it. Chiang was isolated at Nane king. The logic of polities demanded that the petty bourgeois and small landlord groups prominent in the Hankow regime should form a closer and closer union with the workers and peasants, encourage labor unions and alleviate the misery of the masses of tenant farmers. But after all, landlords are landlords, and capitalists are capitalists, After some puttering around, the Hankow government and the central Kuo- mintang went right, shot labor leaders, crushed both workers’ and peasants’ unions where they could be reached, was left by the Communist and hones¢e Sun Yat-senist elements, including Sun’s widow, and now has united with Nanking, not, however, before Chiang had a chance to show his extremely bad generalship and injure his Napoleonic reputation. Browder’s book, in its 61 pages, works out in detail, in conerete situa- tions, rapidly succeeding each other, the many ways in which these under- lying factors appeared to the International Workers’ Delegation. The book is not only the first actual and authoritative analysis in English of the con- fused Chinese situation, but is a great piece of theoretical simplification, the application of the Materialistie Conception of History to a new field, and am / immensely important one. Even Jn its more trivial aspects, it is useful and thought-provoking: For / example, it is casually mentioned that the delegation walked 40 miles over’ | the Meiling mountain pass from Namyung to Nananfu—thore being no rail~ voad. I have read many books by tourists in China, and this is the first time T ever read of any of them walking forty miles. If your western tourist could not get a mule, he hired a man to carry him. But this was a proletarian delegatiqn, and it walked. Also it found out something about the wages of burden Warers who freighted goods over the pass, and they were low. Two of the best and most informative chapters, without which nothing ~ can be really understood of Chinese affairs, are III and IV, on trades unions and agrarian organization. It is impossible to summarize essays already so much condensed as these two chapters. The “Civil War in Nationalist China” is illustrated with photographs never printed before. Two of them show enormous demonstrations of work- ers and peasants at critical moments of the revolution. Part of the peasants are armed—these men are now fighting in the two red armies driving to- wards Canton, to start the Nationalist revolutionary movement all over again. The second edition contains a thap. * * * The smaller pamphlet by Browder, “China and American Imperialist Policy,” only six pages, is a discussion in its larger phases, of the attitude of American capitalism towards China, and the points at which it differs from England’s traditional policy. America maintained the open door policy because other countries got into China first. She wants a centralized gov- ernment in China that can throw out England an Japan, but that will yield to America. Her tactics have been confused a contradictory because of ‘So, in other countries, the presses that’ grind off the poisonous publications today of the capitalist ruling class are destined on the morrow to print the daily news- Young Communist International. papers of victorious labor, # conflict within the ranks of American imperialism itself, a transition from an old program of going along with England and the powers to a new pro- gram of seizing hegemony. i —VERN SMITH. } 4 4