The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 3, 1927, Page 4

pyt | ; Page Four e 2B THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 3, 1927 The Resolution of the Comintern on the American Question (Continued from Page 3). 3. Trade Union Work. x the trade union field the Party has achieved quite a number of successes expressed in the in- creasing influence of the Left Wing in important unions (t J rades) ¢ initiatir influen called f bureauc h there are made far-reaching demands al adroitness of the Workers (Comm The Central probl arty in its struggle against the 2 union ‘bureaucrats and in its its in- fluence is the developr Wing within the trade must be driving l e for the revolutionizing of the American Labor movement. Therefore the Party, the opinion of the leading comrades of all groups, must support the Trade Union Educa- tional League to a much greater extent than hither- to. The Party should do everything in its power to help build de Union Educational League its indu | local sections, without most va delay under the d forms and means. The Party members in the Trade Union Educa- tional League should support the idea that these organizations and contacts comprise all Left Wing and genuine pr elements who struggle against the reac ry bureaucracy and who want to transform the trade unions into organs of strug- gle against the capi In accordance with this line, they should favor the program of the Trade Unton Educational League being on a broad basis, which will include the organization of the unorgan- ized, the democratization of the trade unions, the amalgamation of the craft unions into powerful in- dustrial unions, the formation of a Labor Party and an aggressive struggle against the capitalists, All organizations built on this basis should serve as a base for the development and organization of still larger opposition movements beyond the confines of the Trade Union Educational League. The Party must give the most active support to the organ of the Left Wing, “Labor Unity” and other Left Wing journals, help them to be placed on a broader basis, thus providing expression for all sections of the Left Wing and genuine progressive movements. * * * E Party and the Left Wing must make contacts with all such progressive elements who are pre- pared to join in a united front with the Left Wing to fight against the policies of the reactionaries. Every opportunity should be taken advantage of in order to make agreements with these elements with a view toward conducting joint struggles for speci- fie issues. These united front movements and all differences and splits in the ranks of the trade union bureaucracy must be utilized in order to strengthen the basis for the left wing and the po- sition of the Party. The Party must combat every illusion about the truly independent role of the progressives and even when in joint action with them show up and criticize their weaknesses and vacillations, in order to ad- vance and to develop the leading role of the Party and the left wing. The Party must struggle with special intensity against those black reactionaries who, for expediency, pose as progressives in certain situations and who, thru their “support” of the left wing, only compromise the latter. Communists must participate actively in every struggle and take ad- vantage of every opportunity to occupy leading of- fiees in the trade unions, The struggle for these offices should never degenerate into an unprincipled scramble. . LONG with the development of the left wing and closely related to this question, there another problem facing the Party; the organization of the unorganized, is two-fold: (1) the strengthening of existing trade unions, and (2) the lishment of new organizations wher no or- nizations of the American Federation of Labor exist or where the existing organizations stubbornly resist the organization of workers despite the fact that there is a possibility of conducting struggles against the employers. if significance of the strengthening of the g orga ations of the American Federation or consists ly in the fact that thru aming in of additional hundreds of thou- sands and millions of workers into these organiza- tions the basis for the revolutionary work of the Party and of the left wing becomes extended, the struggle against the reactiona bureaucracy can be carried on with greater possibilities of success and the Party thru t work secures closer contact with the native sections of workers. The Party members in the Trade Union Educa- tional League should work for its avoiding any kind of rigid organizational forms and should help it adapt itself to the special conditions in the various trade unions and industries in order to prevent even in the most intense struggle against the trade union bureaucracy a split of the trade unions. * * * HE Party should not lintit itself only to the work in the existing trade unions. The reactionary policies of the bureaucracy who, in many instances refuse to organize workers, and the increasing will of the unorganized masses to struggle, demand that the Party, after examining all the circumstances, and exhausting all possibilities to foree the Ameri- can Federation of Labor to organjze, the un- organized, especially in connection with definite struggles against the employers, should pursue with the greatest energy the task of organizing the un- organized. In such cases;when it is necessary to establish new> orgaffizations, eyery effort must be made to link these up with the ting trade unions and at the same time to insist on the right of the workers themselves to administer the unions. ‘ Wherever mass expulsions or expulsions of en- tire organizations by the trade union bureaucrats take place, the expelled workers or organizations must hold firmly together and cgntinue to struggle for reinstatement and for the unity of the organiza- sion on the basis of the protection of the interests of the workers. Wherever the formation of new organizations becomes necessary, they should be carefully planned and prepared and be determind by the concrete circumstances of each particular case. The struggle against the bureaucrats must never cease for fear of their splitting measures but thesforms of the struggle must be adapted: to the special tonditions, and designed to protect the unity of the organiza- tions and to promote the interests of the workers and their fighting capacities. ! 'N order to carry on our work more successfully in the trade unions and to ensure the leading role of the Party in this work, the Party must give seri- ous consideration to a number of deviatiens which have taken place recently. Leading comrades in the needle trades (Wortis, Zimmerman, etc.) have on a number of occasions made Right deviations, thus hampering the execution of the Party policies de- signed to strengthen the struggles of the workers. worked against the development of a suf- ficiently clear and decisive leadership in the mass struggles of these workers against the employers and their agents, the reactionary bureaucrats. The campaign for amalgamating existing or- ganizations was not sufficiently energetic, indica- ting, a craft attitude to these organizational ques- tion. They did not carry on a sufficiently sharp struggle, particularly during the strike, against the reactionary bureaucrats. In various instances they did not ¢ y out Party decisions. The Party must struggle against such deviations still more intensely in the future and see to it that these comrades maintain correct Communist policy. * * THER deviations manifested themselves in the case of Comrade W. F. Dunne, who sized up the possibility of the struggle of the workers in a pessimistic manner and through such estimations arrived at false conclusions. Among such devia- tions are proposals imposing limitations on the leading role of the Trade Union Educational League in certain cases and intending to take the initiative out of the hands of the Trade Union Educational League. Comrade Dunne has also in an article in the DAILY WORKER of March 24, 1927, made the impermissible attempt to differentiate between the reactionary Green and the reactionary Woll, both leaders of the American Federation of Labor, in favor of Green. Q’ the other hand, Comrade J. Zack argues in the Magazine of The DAILY WORKER of May 28, 1927, that further work in the ranks of the Ameri- can Federation of Labor. signifies the abandonment of real struggle, the subjection of Communists to the bureaucracy of the American Federation of La- bor the degeneration of the left wing “if not of our Party itself.” This conception that activities of Communists in workers’ organizations under re- actionary leadership presupposes the abandonment of real militancy or, in other words, a move to the Right on the part of the Communists, must be rejected as completely false. Communists struggle against the attempts of the bureaucrats to split the union. Communist reject the splitting of the trade unions since this leads to the isolation of the Party from thé’ masses and diminishes their capatity to fight.- Thé Presidium however, records that generally the work of Comrade Zack within the left wing, and especially his criticism of Right deviations were correct. Furthermore, the Presi- dium points out that Comrade Foster and Wein- stone fought these conceptions and that between them_an@¢he majority ofthe Poleom, Committee. , no difference exists onthése points. * * * " FURTHER mistakes made in the Party were the original opinions of leading comrades in support of the election of Dennis Batt as president of the Detroit Federation of Labor as well as a proposal of the Political Committee to advocate the forma- tion of a joint committee of the progressives of the Miners Union, of the Joint Boards of the Furriers and Cloakmakers’ Unions and of the general strike committee of the textile workers of Passaic to carry on the struggle against the entire American Federa- tion of Labor bureaucracy. This policy would, under the given conditions, have given the bureaucracy the pretext to split the trade unions and thus create the danger of isolation. The political committee recognized these errorgjaod corrected them of i own accord. The Party must learn from these d viations and errors, must struggle agains them, overcome them and avoid their recurrence. Those comrades active and influential in the trade unions must be drawn more into active party work than hitherto and especially into the work of the lead- ing committees thus achieving simultaneously the unification of the leadership of the trade union work by the irty. The entire party membership must rega#d the work in the trade unions as the most important task of the Party. 4, The Inner Party Situation. HE objective difficulties, the weakness of the Workers (Communist) Party and its inadequate contact with the masses of the native workers are factors complicating the inner situation of the Workers (Communist) Party. An insufficiently strong Party life, as the result of an insufficient mass basis, the inadequate contact of many mem- bers of the former language groups with the specific problems of the class struggle in the United States, favor the developmnt of groups and factional strug- gles, the existence and intensity of which we seek in vain to explain through serious differences of principle. The inner party situation, the great difficulties which the Workers (Communist) Party of America has to overcome, the great tasks which it has to solve, demand the greatest exertion of all sections of the Party, specially of its leading cadre, for bringing about a concentration of the Party forces on the basis of the political policy of the Communist International and the liquidation of the still exist- ing groups which are outlived now and block the further development of the Party. The VI Enlarged Plenum of the Executive Com- mittee of the Communist International very em- phatically declared: “That the Comintern demands the complete and unreserved cessation of factional struggle.” . * * * lee must be placed on record that this demand was not carried out seriously enough and that an un- tonable position of faction formation within the Communist Party still exists, that alongside of the general party meetings each of the existing fac- tions hold special meetings only for its supporters arriving at binding group policies. The majority of the Party executive (Pol- bureau) did not sufficiently understand how to create such a condition of affairs as to bring about an amalgamation with the forces which are today in opposition. Within the ranks of the majority a breach with the Cannon group took place and the Weinstone group also split off from the majority. It is clear that the majority of the Political Com- mittee, followed a too narrow course within the ’ Party themselves essentially contributed to the con- tinued existence of fraction walls. A struggle of the majority of the Political Committee (Lovestone) against the groups at present in opposition (Foster, Weinstone, Cannon) would be justified if it were a question of anti-Communist comrades who threaten the further «evelopment of the Party (like Lore). This is not so in the case of Comrades Foster, Weinstone and Cannon. The decision of the VI Enlarged Executive of the Executives Committee Communist International said: “The attempt at a struggle against Comrade Foster and those of his comrades supporting him who, on their part desist from the factional struggle, is under no circumstances permissible.” Te decision was inspired by the endeavor to bring about the joint work of all valuable forces and to gradually equalize the existing differences for the joint solution of all tasks. Today more than ever before—after the death of Comrade Ruthen- berg and in a much more complicated situation—is this necessary. Therefore, the majority of the Political Committee must recognize the necessity to do their utmost to bring about the closest collabora- tion with the Forster group and with the Weinstone- Cannon group, in order to attain complete fusion of the groups of the Party convention. No-recognition signifies. the revival of the faction struggle and signifies in the last analysis the degeneration of the faction into cliques and the creation of Party crisis. The Opposition groups must cease their fac- tional methods. They must endeavor by their atti- tude to facilitate unity with the majority of the Political Committee before and at the Party con- vention. All proposals, all criticism of the Party work and its leadership must be made in this spirit. During the work of the American Commission it became clear that the differences regarding the important political questions have recently been much reduced. This provides today a basis for a number of decisions which derive from this welcome political fact certain organizational deductions aimed to impress the whole Party with the necessity of a broad colléctive leadership and collaboration as well as the complete liquidation of the factional struggle. Te Presidium decides: 1. The Party Convention should take place in the end of August 1927 in view of the delay caused by the work of the American Commission. 2. In order to make possible the convention preparations with the least friction there will be formed a “commission for the preparation of the Party Convention” consisting of 6 (six) members with voting rights and 2 candidates (3 of the ma- jority and 3 of the opposition) under the chair- manship of a neutral comrade, As deputy chairman of the Commission Comrades Lovestone and Foster will function. The Commission has the right to arrive at binding decisions on all questions pertain- ing to the organizational and political preparation of the Party convention. The Commission will also have the right to arrive at decisions on questions of mandate disputes in connection with the delegates to the Party convention. The election of delegates for the Party convention is to be on the proportional » representation system, 3. The normalization and democratization of the Party life demand that the Party convention after an objective consideration of all important questions elect a broad Party executive into which a number of additional and proletarian elements should: be drawn in. For the minority at the Party convention important representation must be se- cured both on the Central Committee and in the Political Committee. 4. In order to demonstrate before the whole party the necessity of collaboration and merger of the existing groups Comrade Lovestone and Foster shall function as secretaries of the Party until the Party convention and Comrades Foster and Gitlow shall function as scretarjes of the Trade Union De- partment until the Party convention, Further changes in the composition of the leading bodies (Central Committee and Political Committee) are rejected as inexpedient before the Party convention. The composition of the Central Executive Committee is left to the decision-of the Party convention, It is recommended to the party convention to make a decision that the newly elected central committee is to set up immediately a collective secretariat of three comrades, one of whom should be a repre sentative of the Minority. It is recommended, in any event, to elect Comrades Lovestone and Foster as secretaries. 5. The Presidium things it advisable that the Party convention discuss and decide the question of the expediency of transferring the seat of the Cen- tral Committee. TY COOLIDGE DRIVEN OUT OF RACE FOR {Call Out Police When ‘Miners Win Argument (Continued from Page One) ‘FISH, FORMER I. L. G. U. TREASURER, NOW IN MILK BUSINESS AND FISHING FOR CLIENTS { | r CAPPER SEES CAL; wWinoswinated Poorsens PRESIDENCY IN 19 28 ON 6.0.P, TICKET (Continued from Page One) imately twenty newspapermen were ushered into Mr. Coolidge’s office, He stood waiting beside his desk until all were in and his secretary, Everett Sanders had closed and barred the door. “Is everyone here?” he asked. As replies were given in the affirmative, he said: “T have herg a little announcement. Will you gentlemen file past my desk in single file to receive it?” News-hounds Stage Marathon. As the full import of the announce- ment dawned on the first in line, there was a dash for the door and the telegraph wires, but Sanders bar- red the way. the G. O. P. do not dare risk a farmer revolt by presenting the inhabitants jof the wide open spaces with a chal- lenge in the person of Calvin Cool- jidge who in spite of his cowboy jstunts in South Dakota has refused |to make the slightest concession to jthe farmers since his induction into | office. Secondly, the third term bugaboo carries too much dynamite among the wooded valleys peopled by the lean, serious-minded yankees who take their traditions seriously, provided they mean nothing, to warrant the Res O. P. general staff risking four years more at the helm of the ship jof state on the personal political for- |tanes of Colorless Cal. companied the scabs to an empty jshack. Organizer Wolcutt together | with the policy committee of the lo- eal union, ignoring threats of arrest and the guns pointed at them, ap- proachel the men and within a half an hour there was only one strike- breaker left, and this one was so old that he could hardly be of any use to the coal company. It became known that the imported men were not told of the strike condition prevailing in | Avella. | The superintendent became enraged and sent out @ riot call to the state police headquarters. When the state police arrived they were disappointed; |they found no scabs and no riot in sight. The pumpers were then pulled out, leaving but one pumper on the job. This pumper supplies the mine\’ AMONG CLOAKMAKERS BY AD IN sicmAN sHEET TELLS HIM FAK Joseph Fish, former secretary-treasurer of the Cloak and Dressmakers’ | Joint Board, is now connected with a milk firm and is appealing for business thru the columns of Justice, official organ of the anarchists, yellow social- ists and common labor fakers, who run the international union with the aid of the Bomb Squad, the underworl magnates. With Morris Sigman running a Bi id, Tammany Hall and the clothing allyhoo Park in Iowa and Joseph Fish in the milk business, the sweating cloak makers, whose working conditions have been hammered down by the right wingers, may console themselves with the thot that perhaps sometimes in the distant future they may be able to go into a paying business even tho it may only be to the extent of investing in a shoe shine stand in Union Square. wounded in a battle that took place between the strikebreakers and the striking miners on the road to the mine, but as soon as the scabs began to work around the tipple, some inex- Call Half Million RELIEF BILL I$ BAD West Will Wreck Third Term Plan if Cheated | RAPID CITY, S. D., Aug. 2.— President Coolidge celebrated his fourth year in the presidential chair} today by confering with Senator Cap-| per, republican, of Kansas, proclaim- ed leader of the senate farm bloc.| Capper said that if the farmers in| 1928 are in the same fix that they |are in now there will be trouble. | Objects To Scheme. Capper objected to the bill which Fis Indicted on Perjury | Samuel Buchler, deputy, dock com- missioner of New York City, former deputy states attorney gen- eral, was indicted here today on a charge of perjury. Buchler was arrested in connection with the trial of Jas. P. Klemas, who was convicted, an sentenced to a term of three and one half years in At- lanta penitentiary for having raised large sums of money through the sale of pencils for the relief of suffering Jews, and having turned over less than thirty per cent of the proceeds to the charity for which the money was intended. Worker Discontent and a®* 2 perienced newcomer set fire to it and | Roumanian Tro0 Ss: put the mine out of commission en- | i] tirely, with about $10,000 loss of ihas been passed out here by adminis- homes with water. |tration leaders as the administration “Js there anything further you wish | Hats to the Cleaner. to say, Mr. President?” asked Sand- ers, : “No,” replied the executive. The door was opened and the rush to the wires started. His Wind Was Up. President Coolidge was palpably nervous as the reporters filed in for the statement which, after the next , will carry him definitely out of the White House. His hand trembled perceptibly and his mouth twitched. He was very serious in aspect aS whose usiness it is to tell what is! he passed out the little slips. As the last of the reporters ran furiously out of the door he sank back into his chair, sighed audibly and relaxed. Among Those Present. Present in the room as Mr. Cool- idge renounced all claim to a con- tinuance of his administration were Who will be the candidate is the} |question that is now on every tongue and the political fedoras of many |willing sons are being given an el- bow brush preparatory to being tossed jinto the ring. Frank L. Lowden, the Pullman bell boy, has been ploughing the mid- vestern fields for several months and Charles Dawes, he of the underslung pipe and the vitriolic tongue, has swore off swearing, a fact worthy of ‘consideration according to the oracles written in the political heavens, Dawes and Lowden have been kid- ding the farmers and showing a de- cided inclination to let Coolidge take | all the dung hurled at the White House by the irate tillers of the soil. Strong On Promises. Lowden and Dawes will promise the | Of course, the sheriff of Washing- ; ton county was there, with his notice | restricting the picket line as he ‘has | been doing in other places where the ‘company brought in scabs. | The miners of this town are ready |for a fight until victory is won and |are ready to die fighting rather than |to starve to death coining profits for 'the coal operators. . * Fishwick Again Offers to Deal. SPRINGFIELD, ITll., Aug. 2—“We are willing to enter into a conference jat any time, or afy place, in an ef- fort’ to bring to an end the present ‘tie-up. of the mining industry.” This was the statement of Harry | Fishwick, president of the Illinois dis- | trict, United Mine Workers of Amer- ica when shown an International News Service dispatch from Columbus, 0., property to the company. Arrest Striker. The usual attempt to lay the blame for the first on the strikers is being made by Superintendent A. C. Roberts Another tipple burned at Adena, two days ago. John Harder, Jr., a striker was ar- rested charged with shooting the scab in the fight on the road. Union min- ers point out that all the shooting was done by the strikebreakers and their guards, and that the man wound- ed evidently got in the line of fire some way. eras In the Bellaire district heavy guard with machine guns is maintained over strikebyeakers who are building bar- racks for more scabs to be imported soon. Chicago Gets Big Fight Fear of Gil War BERLIN, Aug. 2,—The Roumanian | governmegt is calling up nearly 500,- | 000 reserves as a precaution against possible uprisings following recent statements made in Paris by Prince | Carol, it was reported here today. | Border guards have been strength- ened, the reports state. Official reasons for the military | movements are given as “maneuvers.” Premier Bratiano is reported to be prepared to keep Prince Carol out of Roumania at all costs even though the public is apathetic regarding the prince’s return. 5 | Prince Carol fas many followers |among the military clique, some of | whom hope for promotions through | plan of relief, according to its spon- sors, who say it will be introduced at the December session of congress and championed by regular republi- cans. | It provides for establishment of a $800,000,000 federal revolving fund to permit cooperative organizations to build warehouses and finance mar- keting of farmers’ crops in a sta- bilized market. é More Middlemen. The proposed bill would create an enormous machinery of “stabilizing corporations,” to corner the market in farm products, and to use the treasuries of the present cooperatives and more to be formed, as capital for the cornering. The cooperatives would be reduced to impotence thru depletion of their funds in favor of the new corporations, which would In Vienna Greater; Rulers Quarreling VIENNA, Aug. 1.—Austria contin- ues to be ruled by the League of Na- tions thru Mgr. Seipel, who has a working agreement with the social- ists of the second international, and especially with the socialist mayor, Seitz, of Vienna. But much bickering is going on be- tween the various parties to the prac- tical coalition. The socialists feel saf- er with part of the armed forces of repression under their direct control, and the Vienna municipal council has just decided, against the vigorous op- position of the non-socialist elements Senators Norbeck, republican, of farmers anything but the latter will today stating that Gov. Vie Donahey : ‘tis restoration. Reservi : be under the control of the govern- FY Shai z ; republi« have just aa ined : ; \. ists might be, fecha there, to continue the special “muni- South Dakota, and Capper, republi-\have just as much trouble cashing in was planning to.call a conference Says Park Board Vic 'tk case aha pro-Carol the ek ment and the banks. Nothing in the cipal militia” organized during the can, of Kansas. Both seemed as startled as the newspapermen. : Only Sanders and E. T. Clark, his personal secretary, apparently knew of the announcement which was forth- coming. It was they who took safe- guards to see that no one “jumped the gun” with the story. * * * Why This Retreat? WASHINGTON, D. C., Aug. 2. Political observers, as they are called, are busily engaged today hazarding guesses as to why Calvin Coolidge de- cided to drop his sphinxlike silence on his third term ambitions and open his mind to the populace. The most popular of the explana- tions for this unexpected action are: Firstly, the dominant elements in on those promises as they had trying |to get relief from Coolidge during the | latter’s incumbency. What the exploited farmers should do now, in the opinion of radicals |litieally in a party of their own and in alliance with the workers organ- ized into a Labor Party to present a united front to the servants of Wall Street in the republican and democrat parties. English War Plane Crashes. FARNSBOROUGH, England, Aug- ust. 2.-Two members of the Royal Air airplane, flying in squadron forma- tion with six others, crashed in a forced landing. ° jhere is to set about organizing po-| foree were killed here today when an | with the governors of Illinois and In- |diana seeking to have union miners | and operators resume negotiations for ja settlement. thas, ae. | Operators Refuse. | CLEVELAND, Ohio, Aug. 2.—S. H. Robbins, president of the Ohio Coal Operators’ Association has issued a statement that his organization will not accept Governor Donahey’s offer to call a conference of coal operators and the union. ‘ Way | * Maple Leaf Mine Burns. DOVER, Ohio, Aug. 2.—Importa- tion of scabs was en extensive process for the Pocock Mining Co., owners | |the Maple Leaf Mine at Newport. Not only was one man. shot and CHICAGO, Aug. 2.—Gene Tunney and Jack Dempsey will fight for the world’s heavyweight title in Soldiers’ Field, Chicago. Official announcement to this effect was made yesterday by Tex Rickard, New York promoter, and Edward J. Kelly, president of the South Park Board, governing body of Soldiers’ Field, it was learned today. Following a meeting of the South Park Board at noon today, the com- missioners approved use of the field for the bout. Rickard declared this decision removed the last obstacle to staging the title fight in Chicago. THINK OF THE SUSTAINING FUND AT EVERY MEETING! ‘in the regular army. Many observers believe that Prince Carol might endanger his life by re- turning to Roumania, where he has some bitter enemies. Gangland War Kills Another. CHICAGO, Aug. 2.—The guns of gangland, which have blazed death to seventeen victims within the last few weeks, probably will add another to the toll today as Joseph Barba lay dying in a hospital with a dozen bul- let slugs in his body. . Barbar, said by police to be “in the racket,” was shot as he stood at a street intersection. Before lapsing in- to coma, he named as his assailant a man known as “Fertmanda.” | bill promises: either lower prices on | goods the farmers purchase, or high- ‘er prices on his products, for him, The bill merely creates a new class of large scale middlemen, with enor- mous political and economic power. Capper is a booster for the Mac- Nary-Haugen farm bill, which Cool- idge vetoed this year. The vetoed bill is considered by real farmers to be ineffective. Administration Bill Unpopular. -“The farmers I have talked to will never accept anything out the equal- ization fee system,” said Capper. “If (a better substitute is devised it prob- ably will receive the support of the farmers but*I do not consider the so- called administration bill a sufficient ‘ substitute, general strike, in the form of a spe- cial police force of a thousand. The fascists are continuing un- checked, the creation of reactionary armed bands throut the smaller towns especially, and among the rich peas- antry. They are said to have already twice as many men under arms as are in the regular standing army. Stand- ing army, fascisti, and the “municipal militia” are all opposed to the es- tablishment of a workers’ and peas- ants’ state, but may also fight each other for hegemony. Great discontent is prevalent among the .workers, and talk of revolt in- creases. ‘ Don’t Forget the Sustaining Fund!