The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 28, 1927, Page 2

lL (Typical Small Town Booster Heads Babbits DO YOU WANT MORE “BIG FOUR” FACTS? THEN HELP THE DAILY This series of ten articles, of which this is the sixth, deals with the exploitation of the industrial insurance agent and} methods to combat the evils of weekly payment life insurance. | This series is the result of numerous requests to publicize the de-| tails of the swindle and fraud to which the agent is subject in common with the policyholder. Na eee Article VI. By CHARLES YALE HARRISON. Wall Street—The National Civic Federation—Matthew Woll| —The Insurance Trust—the imperialistic, labor baiting oligarchy | -—the Hundred Percenters, all wheeled into action yesterday. The Daily Worker's effective exposure of the looting prac- tices of finance capital is bearing fruit. The fat boys have been goaded into action. Militant labor’s lance-thrust has stabbed Wall Street and its yappers into action, This paper’s exposures of the Na- tional Civic Federation, of the Insur- ance Swindle, of the Traction Grak fight against the right wing ri tionary, hierarchy, the fight against | which has dared to pit its strength against the billions of the “Big Four.”| — -". § . ‘ It is the only paper in America which | ee re. Hiaiienesoy they dared to challenge the right of the in-| TPs ene ne oe va inene of surance looters to swindle and defraud | Sided over by Ralph A. Amerman, of Business sessions of the 11th Ki- FIND SLAVERY IN FLOODED REGION OF MISSISSIPPI [Negroes “Belong” to. Plantation Owners | | (By Federated Press) | Negro peonage in the Mississippi | flood area is exposed in a report made | by Walter White, author and assist- ant seeretary to the National Associ tion for the Advancement of Colored People. White has just returned to New York from a tour including Memphis, Jackson, Vicksburg, New Orleans and other points in the flooded region. | “In many refuge camps,” says White, “Negroes are released only to ‘their’ landlords, and are sent back to the plantation from which they came. | This fact was confirmed to me by General Curtis T. Green, command-/} ling officer at Vicksburg of the Mis- militarism, imperialism, invasion of China and Latin America, as well as other issues in which the workers are | concerned, has stirred up the bitter rancor of these profiteers. A False Issue. 40 miHion worker-policyholders. 3 Letters have been coming into the offices of the paper praising it for Needle Trade Defens |its stand in this and similar matters. | But letters of praise are not enough. | | Scranton, Pa., international president. | sissippi National Guard troops who They dared not brin, tion in court! Ranged against The WORKER| _ : He Saget? si Dlnsieg the truth ‘of the Worker’s| stands the massed strength of Wall| The $100,000 Roll Call Drive is still assertions, They knew that as long| Street and its satellites. on. Every worker should Have his as the pitiless searchlight of The| Now is the time for the rooters for|name on this list. If you have not Worker’s publicity beat upon them|The DAILY WORKER to come to its) Yet bought a certificate, do so im- ‘the danger to their position became | aid. jmediately, Send your dollar to the more and more untenable, Victims Should Aid. Joint Defense & Relief py 41 A pretext was seized upon, A so-| I make a direct appeal to the policy- | age eyes and Sori pare a walled unpatriotic poem was printed| holders and agents of the “Big Fouy” | Seicial ek ina ney midis {n a recent issue of the paper. This|to dig down-and send us every dollar} "™ °® arate Passat 4 if was va re for garrotting the|they can spare to aid us in the de-| ‘only fighting labor daily in New York/|fense of our paper. , oe ‘City. | If the WORKER is downed, the, Thirty-two workers of the Fleish- The issue must not be befogged.|right wingers and labor baiters wili|bank and Klenetasky Dress Shop, of fThe reason that Dunne and Miller|take on new lease of life. The old,|42 W- 22nd St. donate a half day’s tind themselves in the Tombs today | dreadful days of Palmer and Burleson/P8Y to the Defense thru Abraham is because of the fearless, fighting at-| will surely return. | Stein, shop chairman. Other _mem- titude which their paper has taken in| We know that this attack on The | bers of the committee active in the all matters which vitally affect the| WORKER will prove abortive. Dunne| Collection were Sam Skulnick, Abe American worker. |and Miller may go to jail, but in their | Saltz, Jack Schneider, Issy Troot, The DAILY WORKER has been | places thousands of vengeful workers4 Annie Schwartz and Clara, This is ‘waging a fight on behalf of the de-| will spring to the colors. a continuation of the good work be- trauded policyholders of the “Big Dig down, “faithful” sons of Moth-|ing done by this shop which was the Four” plunderbund. It has called for|er Metropolitan and Daddy Pru and |first to contribute to the defense with the organization of the underpaid,|come across for the only paper which |* eqllection of one hundred dollars. overworked industrial insurance|has ever dared to champion your| Stein promises another collection in agent. | rights, i? short we — pase babi It is t] i i i: vt |to sprea he shop collection Nba Slr adhe Maca: Mido | throughout the section’ in which he CONVICT DAILY WORKER EDITOR AND MANAGER; =" =o HOLD THEM WITHOUT BAIL FOR SENTENCE FRIDAY | ssc i ening Summer is coming. It is becoming | warmer.. Imagine what will happen (Continued from Page One) ;Keymen, together with the represen- when the actual hot summer days ar- out in full force, and the air of as-|tatives of some other “patriotic” or-|!ive- Every worker will wish to leave surance evident in the court room in+| ganizations had joined in a conspiracy | his factory for a few hours for a dicated that the case against the edi-| to crush The DAILY WORKER by | »teath of fresh air. The bourgeoisie tors of the only national labor news-| getting its editors jailed and depriv-| 2S long since left the hot city. .Only paper in the United States was “in| ing the paper of its mailing privileges | the vast- mass of workers cannot Fleishbank and Klenetzky the bag.” |has now become quite clear. }spend the summer in the country. Ignore Defense. | In backing their case against the|Zhey sre condemned to sweat in the In requesting the court for ad-| paper, the two paid stool-pigeons of | 1@ctories broken at intervals by a trip journment of the case, Joseph R.| the labor-hating organizations parad-|' the beach where they are cower Brodsky, defesne attorney, pointed|ing under the guise of patriotic | Ve" When in the water, but for one out that two of the defendants named, | societies had submitted as .“evi-|¢Vening at least where one is assured J. Louis Engdahl, co-editor of The| dence” copies of the issue containing | of a good time. The Joint Defense DAILY WORKER and David Gordon, | the poem “America,” the wrappers in| Relief Committee has arranged a author of the alleged unpatriotic poem | which they were mailed, the address|™onster concert to be held in the were not included in the present hear-| labels, etc. Coney Island Stadium for July 16th. ing. Aim to Crush Paper. Here the workers will be assured of The court waved Brodsky brusquely| The Military Order of the World|# splendid entertainment and every- aside, and shouted, “This case is|War has been taking the lead in the | body is cordially invited. ready!” This despite the fact that the| attempt to throttle The DAILY) eg case against the paper was 29th on} WORKER. This organization has | Another Shop the crowded calendar. been engaged for the past few years} The “workers of Levine Costume Innocent, Says Brodsky. in attacking pacifists, liberals, and|Shop at 118 W. 22nd St., have col- The defense attorney argued that|humanitarians like Jane Addams, | lected $10.00 which they sent in to Dunne and Miller were not directly| charging that they were guilty of | the office of the Joint Defense & Re- accountable for the publication of the | “radicalism.” |lief Committee. poem, the statute stating clearly, he! * * * Can’t Stop Them | ably to death. H¢ managed to fight lication does not in itself constitute said, that mere editorship of a pub-| BISHO BISHOP HAILS personal responsibiilty. Brodsky furthermore insisted that the poem did not come within the meaning of the New York statute which is aimed at the publication of “lewd, lascivious and disgusting mat- ter.” Jury Trial Denied. Once again the “discretionary” pri- vilege of the courts was exercised when the right of a jury trial was denied to the defendants. Prominent local lawyers character- | ized as shameful the procedure of the | court in holding Dunne and Miller without bail, a right which is ac- corded to those charged with crimes of the most serious nature. “Patriots” Lead Attack. The same group of representatives of professional patriotic organiza- tions, including George L. Darte of the Military Order of the World War and George Seitz, of the Keymen of America, who were responsible for the original complaints against The DAILY WORKER were again in court yesterday. stand, however. Darte, admitted on examination at a previous hearing of the case that he is the paid “adjutant general” of the Military Order of the World War, that the organization is incorporated, is composed exclusively of ex-army officers, has its headquarters in Washington, D. C., and that he had personally notified the postmaster- They did not take ‘the| Although the right wing officials of Workmen’s Circle Branch 582 have carried on a strong campaign against the Cloakmakers and Furriers De- fense, the progressive members of the branch collected $11.00 for the Joint Defense and Relief Committee. Friend Karezetwich, a member of that branch had the honor of delivering |the money to the office. | Oe. Fara Another One COMMUNISM AS ENDER OF WAR Noted Heretic Discusses | ‘hi 3, i j | Branch 285, Workmen's Circle, sent Chinese Situation liq $1000 for the iiupriabned- Cloak: “The Chinese situation is the | makers and Furriers. The Workmen’s est crisis in ages,” said Rishow Wik Cirele Branches are ‘Showing by their liam Montgomery Brown yesterday | #¢tivities for the Joint Defense Com- afternoon in an interview with news-|Mittee that they do not support Na- |papermen before leaving for Webster | tional Officials who favor the Sig- | Hall to speak at the meeting arranged | ™4” gang. jfor the relief of the cloakmakers. “When one discusses the Chiriese | A Victim of Sigman Helps Defense question,” he said, “the shadow of an-| The following letter was received other world war rises before you, and |{t0m Mendal A. Krouse. “I am my- that is something horrible to think | S¢/f a victim of the Sigman pogrom about. {on our. unions. I have been out of | work six months due to the fact that |I was driven out by the Sigman gang- sters. I feel that something must |be done to save our arrested brothers and once for all exterminate the Sig- man gang from our union, My wife and I collected $7 which I am send- jing to you. I hope to collect more, “The war on € s to keep down the price of labor in that country.” When asked by a reporter what ho jthot could be done about it, Bishop | Brown replied that “we Communists | want a better world, but we can never have it while we have classes. One |class has to give away. The unneces- |sary class, the capitalists should be | put out of business,” The bishop told how it has been |his task in the past to promise the ‘Number of Jobless on Increase in Baltimore general of the publication of the poem| workers mansions in heaven when| jare keeping order in the area cover- | ing registration from parts of Sun- |flower, Bolivar, Yazoo, Warren and | Holmes counties, and all of Issaquena, | Sharkey, Washington and Humphreys | | counties, | “General Green told me that plan- |tation-owners came to the camps to} | pick out ‘their Negroes’ and that labor | agents aré kept out from the camps ‘no man being permitted to talk to any other but his own Negroes’. Slavery Again “At a number of camps I was told | of Negroes eluding guards and es- |eaping, preferring to forage food, clothing, shelter and medical atten- | tion gather than go back to the plan- tations from which the flood waters had driven them. At some of the camps Negroes were being taken out |by industrial firms, being checked out of the camps and checked in again when their labors were finished. “Most of these men had no objec- tion to working, even though not paid, but they objected to the beating, curs- ing and kicking they had to endure. There are also numerous instances of brutality in the treatment of Negroes forced to work on the levees under the guns of soldiers and even white civilians. Swept to Death “In many places, notably Green- ville and Step’s Landing, Negroes | were thus conscripted, among them being an insurance agent, and they | were kept at work when it was plain | the levee would break, When the break came, this insurance agent told me he saw some 40 or 50 Negroes swept away by the waters, presum- his way back to the levee, He is a graduate of Tuskegee, married, with a child, and entirely trustworthy.” White has a clipping from the Vicksburg Evening Post, of May oth, that is revealing. It tells how a Citizens’ Relief Committee met at Cleveland, Miss:, and discussed the matter of permitting families to leave the refuge camps. A certain V. W. | Thomas was put in charge of arrange- ments. “Mr. Thomas,” says the newspaper, | “was instructed by the Committee not | to release any family or persons from the camp excepf on written consent of the landlord from whose plantation the laborers came, or on the personal | request or authorization of the land- | lords.” | Slavery of Negro plantation work- ers in the Mississippi delta is shown also in an illuminating statement from Dr. William R. Redden, reported by | White. Dr. Redden, Chief Medical Officer for the Red Cross in the flood area said: “Some of the Negroes did not know that their own bodies belonged to them. When we sought to vaccinate them they said it could be done only after their plantation bosses gave their permission. When some of these plantation owners objected we had to tell them ‘Either you will permit vac- cination or we will stop relief.’” ‘Powers in Wall St Clash in Struggle For U.S. Industries A. vigorous onward swing of rail- road and specialty stock prices yes- terday was accepted as evidence of the clash of powerful financial in- terests in a number of the important transportation and manufacturing en- terprises of the country. Reports, rumors and “official de- nials” flew thick and fast in the fi- nancial district as efforts were made to disclose the source of the buying demand for Western Maryland and Wabash railroads, Pittsburgh Coal Company, International Nickel Com- pany and other companies. Filing of notices with the Interstate Commerce Commission by various roads which ask the right to appear in important scheduled hearings was generally ac- “America” on which the charge is based. Darte who parades the title of “captain” in addition to “adjutant general.” declared that he had read The DAILY WORKER “religiously” for the past 18 months. Spies on Radicals. Seitz, who described hmself as “a research worker” for the Keymen of America, testified that his job was to furnish information—he did not specify about what or to whom. That the Military Order and the ' t 26 OOF Wit ane pms onder they die, “Pie in the sky,” was the way he termed it. “I have done nothing useful for the last 50 years,” he continued, “yet the money rolls in. Al] of it comes from workers, with no worrying’ on my part.” The bishop told briefly his ideas on a religion that is based upon nature. “A fact is a doing of nature,” he said. “There are no facts except as a re- sult of nature. W% are a part of na- ture, and we should make the most of it” ' BALTIMORE, (FP) May 27.—Un, employment is becoming noticeable in Baltimore. This is especially true in the building industry. Large num- bers of men are out of work, accord- ing to reports by trade union secre- taries. Jobs in factories and at com- mon labor outdoors are more scarce tharf at any time in five years, in the opinion of discouraged applicants. SACCO and VANZETTI SHALL NOT DIE! na . cepted as evidence of the stock mar- ket activity of the representatives of Pennsylvania Railroad, Pittsburgh and West Virginia, Baltimore and Ohio, ete. GREENVILLE, S. C., May 27.—“It is a pitiful case” was the only state- ment made today by Dr, Fred Wil- liams, Columbia, S. C., superintendent of the South Carolina Hospital for the Insane, after three hours spent in the room with Earl Carroll at the Green- ville City Hospital. « € N Trade Commission Stops Court Action to Secure Facts From Steel Trust WASHINGTON, May 27.—The Federal Trade Commission today requested Attorney-General Sar- gent to dismiss the actions insti- tuted in 4920 against the Bethle hem Steel Co, and the Republic Tron & Steel Co., for writs of Man- damu to compel those companies tc file certain special monthly re- picts which the commission had demanded to obtsin information in an investigation into the then existing high cost of living. Machinist Council Forced to Get Into - Polishers’ Strike CHICAGO, May 27.—The strike of the Metal Polishers Local No. 6 against the Flexible Shaft Co:, 5600 | West Roosevelt Road continues with the company refusing to deal with the union, and still employing a score of plug-uglies furnished by the metal trades association and with Thomp- son’s police force being paid by the company to help the finks break the strike, the support given the Mayor by the labor leaders notwithstanding. The Chicago Flexible Shaft Co. has dealt with the union the last 11 years, but through the pressure from the Metal Trades Association now refuses even to deal with the Metal Trades Council or the Chicago Federation of Labor when the officers of these or- ganizations attempt to bring about a settlement. Scabs, Police Fraternize. The scabs are sharing their meals with the policemen and private gun- men who are always at hand when any struggle occurs in the metal in- dustry. The men affected by the walkout are all highly skilled mechanics’and some of them have been there 18 years or more, conse- quently the company is having a hard time to keep up any real pro- duction with scabs and is only suc- ceeding in bluffing the outside by having the machinery run. Other Crafts Not Unionized. Unfortunately the other crafts are not organized; the majority of the workers being eligible to the machin- ists’ union and very little effort is being made to have all the united forees mobilized against the company. Due to the effort of the progressive forces in the machinists’ district coun- cil a resolution was adopted instruct- ing the machinists’ officers to 1m- mediately take steps to begin an or- ganization campaign, bringing all the specialists, machinists and tool and diemakers into the union, The only dif- ficulty about carrying this policy into effect is the sabotage of these of- ficials, who have adopted a theory that “it is of no use trying to fight the metal trades association.” With the pressure from the rank and file in the machinists’ union they can be forced to carry on a united struggle which wil! insure the victory of the metal polishers’ union and force the company to deal with the union again. The Flexible Shaft Company manu- factures the Sunbeam electric iron and electric toaster, also the Cooper & Steward sheep sheers and clippers. CENTRAL AMERICA RAPS U. S, POLICY AS PEACE BREAK WASHINGTON, (FP)—May 27.— Central American legations in Wash- ington have been officially notified by their governments that a resolu- tion charging that the United Sta violated the Central American stabil- gnized Nicara- gua, was adopted at a meeting of the foreign ministers of Salvador, Hon- duras, Guatemala and Costa Rica, in San Salvador on May 24. The spokes- men for Honduras and Salvador promised to consider steps for with- drawing the recognition given by their governments to Diaz after the constitutional president of Nicara- gua, Guatemala and Costa Rica have re- fused to recognize Diaz, They ha) sympathized with the attempt of the elected government led by Sacasa to| Charge restore its authority which was over- thrown by the Chamorro military coup of 1925. Foreign Minister Guerra of Salvador told the meeting that he felt that he should bring the matter before the League of Nations, since Diaz was the beneficiary of the Chamorro coup. The treaty of 1928 bound the Central American countries to refuse recognition to any regime set up as ‘the result of unconstitu- tional action. Secretary Kellogg’s reply to this Central American condemna' terpae, gre Alanson B. with Chamorro’s acts,| Walter Grant Morden, extreme toty,| will sail for New York on JUNE 1 DATE OF ROUGH RELEASE FROM ALCATRAZ ‘Start Tour Immediately | |For Intl. Labor Defense | ‘| | CHICAGO, May 27.—Paul Crouch, | the rebel soldier who was imprisoned \at Alcatraz prison for his revolution- jary activities in organizing soldiers | of the United States stationed at | Hawaii, is due to be released on June |1, after having served his three years | sentence, it was announced by Inter- | national Labor Defense today. | | | | Open Organization The case of Crouch, who, together with his colleague, Walter Trumbull, were the leaders of the Hawaiian |Gommunist League composed of U, S. |soldiers, aroused interest throughout the country, it being one of the most sensational cases on record in the United States, unique in the fact that an open Conjmunist organization had for the first time been formed in American military forces for the pur- pose of obtaining the allegiance of the soldiers to thé labor movement and the working class. Crouch, Trumbull, and a number of other members of the League were arrested on the information of a spy in the organization. They were earged with the violation of a Ha- waiian law prohibiting the formation of such organizations if they were illegal. The. defendants, whose case was taken over by International Lab- or Defense through its attorney there, proved conclusively that the organi- zation was not an illegal. one, but had been functioning openly all the time, holding open meetings and even having its stationery printed at the army’s printing plant. Savage Sentence The two soldiers, who had never made a secret of their position and their sympathy for the bitterly ex- ploited Hawaiian workers and peas- ants, had appealed to the American soldiers to have fraternal relations with the latter. The military court decreed that they should serve terms respectively of 40 and 26 years in prison. This savage sentence was re- duced only after a national protest organized by International Labor De- fense so that Crouch was given three years and Trumbull one year of im- prisonment. Upon Trumbull’s release a nation-| | wide tour which attracted widespread | interest was organized by the I. L. D. Thousands flocked to hear the story of the case told by the first of the rebel soldiers to be freed. The I. L. D. is now arranging for a similar tour for Paul Crouch, the leader of the Hawaiian Communist League, and it is expected that an even greater in- terest will be expressed by workers everywhere in the meetings that are being arranged. | | Dates of Tour Tentative dates in the schedule of the Crouch tour are as follows: Portland, Oregon, June 27; Astoria, Oregon, June 28; Tacoma, Wash., June 80; Seattle, Wash., July 1; Mt. Vernon, Wash. July 2; Spokane, Wash., July 4; Great Falls, Mont., July 6; Plentywood, Mont., July 8. Other sections of the I. L. D. are urged to send in their requests for dates immediately so that all arrange- ments may be completed immediately and in the best organized manner. Picnics, indoor mass meetings and banquets are among the methods of giving a rousing welcome to Crouch |that have been suggested. Boycott Is Applied by Soviet Union to Tories (Continued from Page One) charge that all attaches of the em- bassy and Trade Delegation will be expected to leave London within ten days. ‘The note named the heads of de- partments of the Soviet embassy and Trade Delegation, and their assis- tants, and stated that if they did not leave within ten days they would be deported. < No further contact will be main- tained between the British and the Soviet Union and orders have gone forth for the withdrawal of the Brit- ish mission from Moscow. The government it is understood, also plans to deport a number of citi- zens of the Soviet Union who have no official connection with either the em- quest of the Soviet ambassador, Ger- many has agreed to instruct the Ger- in ambassador in London to take in Great Brita’ i e * STUTTGART, Germany, May 27.— Foreign Minister Gustave Stresemann delivered a peace speech here today, pave npr oy won on ae diplomatic ‘ru tween and the Soviet Union, “We do not believe in war,” the Foreign Minister, “It is our duty to prevent war nations are not contronted with each other.” “MacDonald Gets Moscow Gold.” May 27.—Lieut. Col, Labor ! ‘| Mexicans Crowd to View 200 Skulls of Heretics Murdered by Priesthood MEXICO CITY, May 27—Two hrndred human skulls. of persons tortured to death during the in- quisition in Mexico, are on exhibi- tion here today. They were dug up by workmen who were excava- ting near Santo Domingo church and attracted a curious crowd of tyusands, The Catholic party is vainly protesting against this sud- den and timely proof of what their kind of government meant in the past. Mexican workers look at the pile of skulls, and say, “No wonder the “Viva Christo Rey” people burned that Guadalajara: train along with all its passengers.” Church Immorality Is Threshed Out In Two Separate Trial Courts ST. JOSEPH, Mich. May Ecclesiastical immorality is on the upgrade as evidenced from news dis- patches from all parts of the country. Mrs. Hansel testifying as the state’s star witness in its suit to dis- solye the House of David as an im- moral and fraudulent institution, de- clared that “King Ben,” while posing as Jehovah “cast deyils” out of her when she was sick, She further testified that when she was 14 years of age she was assault- ed by the “messiah” under the guise of the rites of the covenant. News arrives from New Haven that leaders of the Methodist Episcopal ;Church met in secret session to hear the appeal of Guy L. Holmes of New Bedford for reinstatement as a min- ister of the church, Holmes was disbarred as a minister by the New England South Confer- ence in 1926, Holmes was recently the defendant in an action brought by Miss Antoinette Fortin, a waitress, on charges of immorality. It is known that in San Francisco the Presbyterians are engaged in hot discussion on heresy and purging the church of modernist tendencies, Dr. Machen, the central figure in the controversy, is being charged by his opponents with “failure to en- courage young men in their prepara+ tion for the ministry.” Brand Rumors of Fall _of Hankow as False (Continued from Page One) son had ordered the crowd to disperse (his order was given in English which none of the Chinese understood), he ordered the police to fire. Two vol- leys were ‘fired into the crowd, com- posed for the most part of school boys and girls. Use “Dum-Dum” Bullets. The news of the massacre spread rapidly thruout China. Hundreds of thousands of workers struck in Shanghai, and when on June 23rd, British marines poured volleys of “dum-dum” bullets (debarred from “civilized” warfare) into a crowd of demonstrating workers and students at Shameen, strikes spread like wildfire thruout southern China. , May 80th symbolizes for the Chin- ese people the savage brutality with which the imperialist powers have ex- ploited her. According to reports re- jeeived by The DAILY WORKER, workers and peasants thruout the | Yangtse Valley will commemorate the Shanghai massacre, If workers and peasants above the Yangtse do not commemorate May 80th they will only ba prevented from doing so by Chang Tso-lin, supported by the imperialist powers. ° *. * Nationalist Drive Unchecked. PEKING, May 27.—Chang Tso-lin, Manchurian war lord, is rushing troops into northern Honan in an at- tempt to stop the Hankow Nation- alist drive on Peking. That he will succeed in stemming the drive is re- garded as highly unlikely by observ. here, A ers ‘The imperialist powers are report- ed to be preparing to move their in preparation for the e today, cabinet late this afternoon aut japanese armed forces will not sent into China, however, unless the Shantungites are defeated at Heu- The LONDON, May 27.—United States the Levia- ‘the trip is for vrivate business roa Ly