The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 27, 1926, Page 6

Page Six THE DAILY WORKER wy es THE DAILY WORKER Sins of Crisis in'Italian Fascism Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago,, Ill, Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES j By mail (in Chicago only): By maij (outside of Chicago): | ¢ $4.50 six months $6.00 per year $3.50 six montha | 0 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Hl, J. LOUIS ENGDAHL \ A . DUNNE SRT MILLER ed as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at cago, Ill, under the act of March 3, 1879. Editors | snr Business Manager | | Chi: | By ERCOLI (Rome). HE introduction of the death pen- alty in Italy is an act ‘of fear which is determined by the constant suc- Advertising rates on application, | cession of attempts on Mussolini's = 7 li In the course of nine months A New Threat Against Mexico fe 290 three attempts have been made to as- sinate the “Duce.” The first at- tempt hag not yet been explained and “Nervous Nell” Kellogg, our unlettered secretary of state, iN iyere still exists some doubt as to y serves ice cie. rela- hether it was not a case of provoca- the language of a bar-room bully, serves notice on Mexico that rela- | whet ‘ \ op bagunge of a bar-ro¢ i he su ; ‘ ti On the sccond and third occa- tigns between that republic and the United States will be severed | .i¢ns Mussolini cad an extremely nar- row ¢scape. Since “the attempts are beginning’ to Iciliow one another in such regular succession it is difficult to say that any one of them will be the sast. On the contrary, we may as- sume with considerable certainty that the first three attempts will be fol- lowed by others. Anyone who knows what fascism in Italy has been and what it has on its conscience will easily understand the grounds for this certainty. Fascism has sown so much abhorrence and hatred that it is- quite natural if “avengers” arise from the masses of the embittered people. Italian people anyhow tend to ‘injess Mexico refrains from putting into effect the laws relating to oil aid tanded property passed by the Mexican congress. Mexico refuses to be bullied and emphatically states that the ‘overnment will not modify its laws to suit the interests of Ameri- exploiters. It is reported that Mexico’s firm stand has rallied most of the Latin American republics behind the Calles government with the exception of a few puppet governments like that of Nicara- zua which is on Wall Street’s payroll. While Kellogg is penning blustering notes to Mexico, American | marines are protecting the Diaz dictatorship in Nicaragua and United States warships are patrolling the Mexican coast ostensibly Jooking for Mexican filibustering expeditions in aid of the para- wnan revolutionists, but more likely looking for an excuse that would ‘ . jact individually. The introduction give Kellogg the pretext to break relations with our southern neigh: | 4¢ tne death penalty is thug a kind bor. - of “legal terror” with the purpose of counteracting this danger. It is, how- ever, extremely doubtful whether these measures will have the desired effect. After the third attempt on his life Mussolini spoke for the first time, in an address to the black shirts, on dan- gers threatening the fascist regime. Never before had he made use of such words. Always, and especially after It is not necessary to stress the fact that Mexico-is entirely right in her decision not to surrender her sovereignty to the Wall Street government of the United States. The stand taken by the Mexican government is a brave one and cannot fail but challenge the admiration of every worker, and indeed every American who has yet escaped the contaminating influence of imperialism. No doubt the catholic church will take advantage of the fresh attack on Mexico to open its mud guns and to arouse popular opinion Hee welasee oa ble lide, Ge Rates in behalf of military intervention. That the church is secretly work: | point af Gecelelintig louitiy Shak she ing hand in hand with the government is almost a certainty. ‘regime was “secure,” “firmly estab- the Latin American countries back up Mexico | lished,” “most firmly established,” “in- destructible,” etc. As a matter of fact, however, there are today unmis- If, as reported, in this crisis our Wall Street statesmen might think twice before they risk the loss of their American markets by buckling on thé) takable signs that the situation, not sword for a war in behalf of the oil and land robbers of this country. only in Italy in general, but also in The voice of the American working class must be heard in Wash- | fascism, is becoming more and more ington in protest against the threatened war against a friendly na- | Soatee tion. And it must say to Wall Street: “Hands Off Mexico!” Why Thontpson Did Not Speak Colouel Carmi Thompson, presidential investigator in the Philippi s scheduled to deliver a speech on the situation in Americ: ntial rubber Klondyke, before the reactionary members of the Hamilton Club of Chicago, last Tuesday night. Th S i he Philippines, The subject was Thompson pe not talk about the PE j eect wihntie ca ak ce too warm. Why? a i | duction. Capital, freed from all fet- The reason can be found in Thompson’s undiplomatic utter- | ters, threw itself into industrial un- “rival in Seattle. Thompson went to the islands with |dertakings, hoping to achieve profits . “ Ts Ry in |far beyond the usual rate. The in- the conelusion already formed that the United States must stay gl oe ak cauil eesbaa koh the Philippines, for the benefit of the Filipinos, of course. What im- | extraordinary pa ieatleng perialist power ever admitted having any ulterior motive in steal-| jt was, however, only a case of de- something? + | clusive bloom and of a purely external ‘ ‘ jgrowth, As a matter of fact, both Despite this inelastic conclusion, however, Thompson found 80) \.0.. ¢> a certain extent a conse- Serves Financiers. INCE fascism came into power, but especially in the last two years, it has carried on a policy exclusively in the interest of a block which, financial capital, the great industrialists and the agrarians, haye formed round fas- cism. The policy of fascism has been not only a policy of class but a policy in the service of the most greedy and ; Parasitic strata of the bourgeoisie. | The consequence of this policy seemed ances on his a i a quence of the progressive depreciation of the currency, and moreover, if they | were to be effective, demanded large markets. The home market of Italy, however, -has been brought to the brink of ruin by the action of fascism itself—which, in order to stabilize state finances and to achieve a redis- tribution of wealth in favor of the plu- tocratic groups, has brought distress on the middle classes and thrust the poorer classes into a condition of de- spair by giving the industrialists a free hand to reduce wages and length- en hours of work, Foreign markets, on the other hand, have yet to be won by Italy. we HE chief branches of industry are faced by a crisis. It is antici- pated that within a few months enor- mous masses of workers will pe turned on to the streets. Bankrupt- cies are multiplying at, a catastrophic rate. The process of expropriating the middle classes forthe benefit of the plutocracy is continuing systemat- ically, The masses of.the people are compelled to restrict their consump- tion more and more and have to eat black bread as in war time. What is |left of the reconstruction which fas- cism has tried to eftect? | Two things remain: on the one hand \the system of blackmail and intimi- | dation which was introduced in order io suppress all freedom of movement |anong the working @lass andyon the | other hand, the phrases and plans of | mperialist expansion. Both of these are indispensable to fascism, MATTER of absolute necessity is the enslavement of the working class and the peasants by suppressnig class organizations, by prohibiting strikes, by abolishing the independ- ence of the municipalities, the free- dom of the press, the right of assem- bly, etc, Nothing but the enslavement of the working class enables the large industrialists and the large agrarians to develop their policy of stabilization, But this is not all proceeding smoothly, The pressure which is ex- ercised on the masses calls forth a reaction from them, a yery perceptible trend towards the left.. For the mo- ment there is,certainly no immediate prospect of moyements on. a large srale, but nevertheless, the outlook for jascism is anything.but promising. — A second necessity is that of mak- ing. use of pompous nationalist phrase- ology and of. proclaiming. great plans oi expansion. Imperialistic bragging is a necessity which hag been forced on fascism by its petty. bourgeois ori- gin and by the precarious situation in which it finds itself at present. While carrying on activities which are entirely for the benefit of the large bourgeoisie it must keep the sociai strata from which it..originated at- ached to itself by doping them with the nationalist intoxication be able to many flaws in the regime of General (Ivory Soap) Wood, the gov-| ernor general, that he could not refrain from commenting unfavor- | ably on his administration. Wood’s rule must be bad indeed when such a loyal servant of imperialism as Colonel Thompson is forced | to speak out in publie and condemn it. 1 Thompson gave the impression that Wood is administering the affairs of the islands with a gatling gun. The general has surrounded himself with a “cavalry cabinet.” The resentment of the Filipinos was brought home foreibly more than once to Thompson. The presi- dent’s investigator thinks that the best interests of American im- perialism will be served by a more diplomatic tool than Wood. The expression of those ideas accounts for Thompson’s failure | to mention the Philippine question at the Hamilton psc ay A son claimed that American imperialism is a good thing for the Filipinos, But the administration of the same imperialism is bad! erg ar padgeerpah alld: ‘This is just the end of the imperialist stick that touches the Filipino |... ,tive pian of Amsterdam dfrected How can this contradiction be reconciled? It would nevér |immediately against the existing ed- with Information was given in the press that Amsterdam was to convene a conference of teachers’ organizations in Paris, on August 1, for the purpose of creating a new international to ca- |ter. for educational workers, Later the press stated that the conference had met, but what it had decided on remained in the dark. Only quite re- ‘cently have we obtained the minutes head, do for the Hamilton Club to sponsor such a presentation of Lined proontarwebebe sf Ber gchar cestip vine pe * * . At present the teaching profession Thompson’s recommendation to the president will undoubtedly | organized as follows, internation- suggest that General Wood be advised to develop malaria and that | any: some college professor who is not accustomed to drinking brandy for breakfast should replace him, But whether the Filipinos get tickled wader the chin by a saccharine professor or prodded by the bayonet of a swashbuckling militarist, Firestone’ will squeeze his rubber out of them and that is the object of imperialism. Reaching the Youth jaires). These internationals do not The capitalists, thru numerous organizations, social, athletic |aim at defending the trade union in- and religious, are assiduously poisoning the minds of the youth of |terests of the teaching profession, the country with capitalist dope. Boy scouts and girl scouts, camp- Por pits hsvn coccameaninc. tire girls and similar organizations have for their object the creation | 144 status. ‘They are mere tools in of ‘an ideology in the minds of the youth that will turn them into |the hands. of the ruling classes, de- convinced supporters of capitalism. | prived of a ping of conducting Hundreds of capitalist papers cater to the youth. Every cap- ap rg teas eaten sitbehcoratay italist daily has its children’s page. In comie strip, in poetry and in trade union “body | atuhding’ onthe story, the ruling classes cleverly turn the youthful mind into the | cjasy proletarian viewpoint and ef- channel that will be most conducive to the interests of capitalism, |fectively working for the Peyaih y| ri » jf » i ace or on the battle. ment of the position of the teaching whether it be in ee factory during times of pe proteasion ta" the ‘Maueatanal Work? field in- time of war. ers’ International. The EB, W. I, is Against this barrage of propaganda the working class have been able to present only a feeble opposition, But feeble as it is at present, | aliiiated to neither Amsterdam nor the Red International of Labor Un- A A + eadiaiea , , fons, it contains the germ of-a mighty educational weapon in aaa teachetie bieialinitehd walodatik tts The foremost expression of the working class youth in this Trade Union Interests. To the first group belong various pedagogic internationals of a pacifist and clerical nature, closely linked up one way or 4nother with the league jof nations and in dependence on the jruling classes of the bourgeois states |(such as the San Francisco Interna- | tional subsidized by American million- altho it contains in its ranks | both internationals as well as org country is the Young Worker, organ of the Young Workers League. lizations without other International Livery adult worker should see that a copy of this live weekly comes | #Mllation. into his home. Workers who do not want to see their sons brought | Establishing Unity. 1p only to be mowed down by. machine guns in a capitalist war| The B. W. I has, dnring the course " of some yeats, démonstrated the prac ould subscribe to the Young Workers ~ jtieal possibility of establishing trade union unity among the various teach- ers’ organizations, and it would seem that it has fully justified itself as a real and growing force. However, Amsterdam regards the present state of the international as far as the teachers are concerned, somewhat differently, The Education- al Workers’ International's (success in obtaining the practical realization of the united front among the teach- ers it regards not as a virtue, but as a vice, and is trying to fight the KE, W. I. by setting up its own teach- ers’ international, Amsterdam's present attempt to split international organization among the teachers is by no means the first; as far back as 1922.it appointed a special commission to call together a teachers’ international, a step that was put off again and, again. ‘ No Teachers’ Organization. Finally, two years ago, the Amster- damites’ set up a civil servants’ and teachers’ international to which, as the same Sessenbach’ admits, not a single teachers’ organization is affili- ated. ap It can thus be seem that this last Amsterdam plan is merely a continu- ation of its old policy of sabotaging any united front the’ teachers may throw up. * ‘ The Paris conferenée of August 1, presided over by Sasdenbach, was: at- tended by the Natiohale Syndicat of France, the Vienna Teachers’ Allt- ance, the Austrian Teachers’ Alliance and the Elementary Teachers’ Union of Germany. ‘ Both the British and German teach- ers’ unions declined to participate. Adopted Resolution. The conference adopted.a draft con- stitution of the future international, the first clauses of which places ob- stacles in the way of entry for not sharing like views, readin, International may be joined by all educational workers’ organizations from all branches of educational a tivities, providing they recognize the principles and meti of the educa- Fascism Carries Out the Work of Italian Finance-——The Petit-Bourgeois Founders of the Party Are Kept Alive Only by Nationalist Phrases— The Workers Are Enslaved and Face an Economic Crisis of Seri- ous Proportions—The Fascist Party Is Breaking Up from | - Conflicting Class Interests. prevent the petty bourgeoisie, fesist- ing a policy wiich deprives it at the same time of comfort and of the illu- sion of power? Fascist Party Divided. HIS brings us to one of the most delicate questions, the crisis in the fagcist Party itself, a crisis which con- tinues inexorably in spite of Musso- lini’s efforts. Fascism, having made | it impossible for any opposition group | to express itself, and having made itself the only political organization | in the country, is now experiencing the revival of opposition within its own bosom. On the one side is the large bourgeoisie, on the other the petty bourgéoisie. On the one side ate the fascist bands in the service of the agrarians and the plutocracy, on the other side are the old fascist pro- gram and the old fascist groups with their old fascist tendencies. On tho one side are the industrialists and on the other side the so-called corpora- tions of workers. On the one side is a group of.bankers, on the other side the group of their opponents, The crisis has developed so far that within the fascist party itself all sys- nigh-sounding phrases, . How long will | lentlessly, even in the face of the new | threats. tem of democracy has had to be abol- ished. Even in its local bodies the party is directed by functionaries who are nominated by the government. The meetings of members have been deprived of all right of action. The crisis, however, is assuming serious forms. At the time of the last at- tempt on Mussolini’s life the two branches of fascism came to an armed conflict with one another in Trieste, which lasted for two whole days and made it necessary to protlaim martial law. In Rome the fascist bands of the opposition made an attack on the premises of the police administration. i hormagee are in brief outline, some of the factors in the Italian situation, which undoubtedly prompted Musso- lini to announce that the fascist re- gime is threatened by dangers, Has Mussolini any plan for.removing these dangers? There can be no doubt that he has one, and this plan is being car- ried out. It conststs in embittered intensification of the regime of terror, of oppression, of the systematic ap- plication pf force against the masses in order to prevent them taking de- cisive action for the purpose of alter- ing the situation, The re-introduc- tion of capital punishment ig part of this plan, It characterizes the terror which is assuming legal forms. The proletariat and the peasants of Italy are becoming more and more convinced of the fact that the death Penalty must be executed on the fas- cist regim@ and that they have re- ceived a call to execute it. The van- guard of the working class, the Com- munist Party of Italy, is steeled and strong enough to pursue its path re- Amsterdam Splitters at Work Among the Teachers ganizations, “. if and provided they do not adhere to principles con- trary to those held by the E. W, I. F.” If, for instance, any teachers’ organ- ization does not share the principles of collaboration with the bourgeoisie and is in favor of a genuine united working class front, then it need never hope to get into the international the Amsterdamers have set up, since at bottom such views will be contrary to the tasks of the said international. Boring from Within, Cautious voices speaking at the conferences (which was, it ought to be noted, attended by Amsterdam's “own folks”), thought that some dan- ger might attend the setting up of the new “international: the Communists might charge them with splitting the movement, and perhaps it might be better to join the Paris BE. W. L, where they again might have ‘the majority with them. It was suggested that the Belgians and Luxemburgers should not mean- time leave the E. W. 1, it being rec- ognized as permissible for a union to belong to two internationals. Ob- serving the hesitancy of the delegates and anxious to mask this plainly di: WCEL Radio Program Chicago Federation of Labor radio ‘broadcasting station WCFL is on the air with regular programs. It is broadcasting on a 491.5 wave length from the Municipal Pier. TONIGHT. 6:00 p. m.—-Chicago Federation of La- Concert . Trios Hazel Nyman, ac- de, baritone; An Boehm; Lucky Wilber; Great Lakes En- ainers, . ' 9:00—Alamo Cafe Dance Orchestra, R Brevoort Little Joe War 11:30—-Alamo Entertainers, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 6:00 p. m.—Chicago Federation of La- Hour, 30—The voort Concert viet Lap yr tional workers’ in federa- Witter “Mildred “Coluclor a easier, tion.” Of course, the international fs rae mi be So prepared to co-ope: ith other or- Leesa ie } could arouse the anger of the Knights by thé Calles government, OUR MEXICAN LETTER (Speclal to The Dally Worker) HE religious question is a thing of the past so far as the Mexican people is concerned. it was only a good cover under which Wall Street of Columbus, the catholic church rep- resentatives in the’ United States, against the of] and land laws enacted No one that knows Mexico, its in- that the so-called regulation of the 130 constitutional article would bring some trouble, but at the same time it was understood that the trouble would be more likely to come from across the Rio Grande than from the Mexican church-goers, LSO that it would be a fine mask for the government, which was preparing almost at the same time to fill out the national chamber of depu- ties with a large majority of the “so- cialist alliance” allied’ with the Mo- rones “labor. party,” while the true representatives of labor and agrarian parties, considered more radical, were let out, in spite of the fact that some of the new congresssional representa- tives allowed to get in had not even presented themselves as candidates and a good many of them neither knew the places or districts for which they were “elected” in Mexico City. Otherwise it was a good stunt to be displayed as the schismatic catholic church had failed miserably, not hav-+ ing strength enough ro distract the labor movement from its activities for betterment as a class. IHUS the action of the government to enforce the church regulations could not bring difficulties from in- side, from the Mexican people, for it is well Known that religious feeling is strong only in Central Mexico, not .being so on the coasts, north and south border states, and the govern- ment is powerful enough, as proven in the isolated few cases of fanatics stirred up against the law by the priests in Puebla, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan and Mexico City, to “pla- cate’ them one way or another. * E. political situation as outlined above is completely in the hanas of the government. Calles is playing wisely with the political forces ai present. The so-called alliance of so- cialist regional parties is an hybrid amalgamation of reactlonaries and so- cial reformers a la U.S. fashion. Its core is made up of the former felicista and co-operatista parties that gave place to the delahuertista lost counter- revolutionary party and ‘uprising of 1923-1924, And these gentlemen have a close understanding with the laborista party —Morones party—the political expres- sion of the C. R. O. M., the biggest organized labor party m Mexico, but a mere government department, and nothing else. ‘OW, with more than two years trom this date to election time for president of Mexico, these political torces are moving fast already in order to get a firm hold on the politi- cal field, to fight successfully against the array of Obregonista forces which eo ruptive step, Sassenbach moved an elastic formula to the effect that “the conference recognized the necessity | for establishing international connec- tions between teachers’ organizations affiliated to the E. W, 1. F.,” the form | these connections are to take to be | decided on in the autumn wher the conference is to meet agtin, Little consideration of this criminal plan being hatched by Sassenbach is enough to make one realize what in- calculable harm it is likely to cause the work of establishing unity and of welding the ranks of the men and women engaged in the teaching pro- fession, who, to an even greater éx- tent than is the case among the work- ers in capitalist countries, are divided into different crafts and corporations. This fresh effort on the part of the Amsterdam International Federation of Trade Unions to smash the already existing international teachers’ body constitutes ‘a direct attack on the united proletarian front. This small but clear example. demonstrates fully the true nature of the Amsterdam In- ternational with its limited outlook and fanatica) attitude towards any dis- play of real working class solidarity. Mexican Trouble Not - Religious, Involves Politics and Schools NEW YORK, Nov. 24.—The present struggle in Mexico is not religious, but political and educatiotial, declared Carlos Barrea, Mexican author and dramatist, speaking in Town hall here under the auspices of the League for Political Hducation, ‘The. constitution: of Mexico, he said, merely did the same thing that the constitution of the United States does-—provide for separation of church and state, “In 1910 80 per cent of the popula. tion was illiterate, Today the per- centage is only 62 per cent--surely a good record of progress in 16 years. Bofore the revolution public education, was in the hands of the catholic church, whieh in 200 years tailed in iis task,” he said, P A Wir eee = oo everybody knows in Mexico by this time, The incoming new national bour- geoisie, big and small, the thousands of army officers and government em- ployes discharged by the Calles ré- gime following his plan of economy to pay the foreign national debts, the bigger part of the army, the peasant masses and the defeated Partidos Coaligades Regionales in the last elec- jhabitants’ religious feelings, doubted /t0ral campaign. HERE is a third party which will play the villain rold-in the whole Mexican political film, That is the fully reactionary party with its forces already in line: the catholic chureh, the big old national land and indus- trial capitalism and foreign (oil, mines and transport) part of the mercenary Officers of the army, at whose head will be General Arnulfo R, Gomez, the fascist militarist candidate of all these powerful reactionary forces for presi- dent of Mexico, now commander) in chief of the 10th army zone, with head- quarters at the port of Vera Crug, The most dangerous part ‘of the game could be the case of an alliance of the last-named party with the 80- cialists-laborites combination against the Obregonista party, tho very doubt- ful, because they will not have the support of the great masses. More- over, Gen. Arnulfo R. Gomez, an ex- tremely ambitious fellow, would not make an alliance unless he is chosen as candidate for president, and that would be a pretty hard job to fill for the socialist-laborites. T is admitted by everyone who ktows about politics in Mexico now- adays that there will be a revolution to elect the next Mexican president. Thus we see already as candidate of the Obregonista partye in spite of his high official post, General Francisco R. Serrano, governor of the federal dis- trict. But it is understood that he is only a screen for General Obregon, who will step in at the very moment that “the nation needs his services to re- store peace” and, consequently, he will occupy the presidential seat for the second time, whether the 1917 consti- tution has been amended or not. The socialists-laborites “alllance” will have a tough time to select one candidate to get support from both factions. Their leaders, Campillo Seyde and Morones, are out of the race already, In exchange there are mentioned the names of Colonel Tejeda, the crafty Calles interior minister, and Denegri, former agriculture minister in the Obregon government, now a Mexican diplomatic representative in Ger- many, HEN there is the candidate of the whole conservative forces in Mex- ico for president, General Arnulfo R. Gomez, and who will lead the revolt against Calles under the assumption that he, Calles, “is trying to impose another candidate to succeed him against the will of the Mexican peo- ple,” Can you see why I said before that Calles is playing up a wise game? Ro the worst part of the whole affair is that we see. what is to happen (and. most provably cannot help it); there is no sign of a real workers’ and farmers’ political organt- zation opposed to the ones described, Just a slight beginning of such a ten- dency is to be noted in some parts of the country, but yet without any defi- nite relation among them, The stronger local parties in some states as Yucatan, Counuila, Puebla, Mexico and others are under the rule of one of the named nattonal political movement, sf beg old national agrarian party is dead. Its chief leader, Soto y. Gama, had to compromise to enter as @ congress represéntative with the vic- torious socialists-laborites, and yet he entered as the substicute of a laborite representative, that is, Soto y Gama did not enter as an agrarian leader. It is to be hoped that the stirring events that will take place within the —= next two years will be fully taken ad- - vantage of by creating a real workers’ and peasants’ political party under the guidance of the Mexican Communist Party, . A Mexican Communist: Will Block Returning of Alien Property to~ Expose Custodian Deal WASHINGTON, Nov. 24.—No Ger- man property will be returned to its owners until a report is had/on the investigation into the conduct of the alien property custodian’s office, Rep- vesentative Wm. A, Oldfield, demo- cratic whip of the house, told the wayp and means committee at a hearing to determine legislation on the : Oldfield declared Comptroller Me- Carl has made an exhaustive investi gation of the office, which, it has been hinted, might contain sensational dis- closures. Until that report is avail. able Oldfield indicated the democrats will not permit the property to be re- turned, Electric Companies in Hook-up Test. Blectric power from Chicago was used in Boston in @ test of the possi bility of “linking up lighting systema, More than a dozen light and power companies were linked up in the 1000- mile hook-up, All of the towns and cities on the line of this teat were for ‘short time served with electricity ‘this gigantic joint source,” y “A