The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 16, 1926, Page 6

Page Six oi *ME DAILY W THE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WCRKER PUBLISHING CO. 11138 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Phone Monroe 4712 revolt iheutd rian ned tele aha SUBSCRIPTION RATES By maii (in Chicago only): By mall (outside of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months i $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, IIlinols Ce ieee eine cae \. J, LOUIS ENGDAHL WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J. LOE ES Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi cago, Ill, under the act of March 3, 1879. wonvevarenvees EUItORS, ...Business Manager EE 290 Advertising rates on application. President McMahon’s Peace Plan President McMahon of the United Textile Workers, speaking at the great demonstration which followed the affiliation of the Passaic strikers to the union which he heads, made at least one statement which cannot go unchallenged. He said that the criticism of the mill owners and the Passaic police had been too drastic—“scurrilous” is the word he is reported to have used—and stated that mill owners and workers could not get together if such criticisms continued. To us such statements have but one meaning, and we believe that the strikers who were being starved, clubbed and jailed while the U. T. W. officials were making up their minds as to whether the strike was any business of theirs, will agree with us. The mean- ing is that President McMahon believes that by abandoning the militant methods which have made the strike a success the bosses will be placated and induced to make some sort of a settlement with the workers. No bigger mistake could be made. . It has been principally by reason of the unhesitating exposure of the mill barons and their police and judges made by the United Front Strike Committee, that hundreds of thousands of workers thruout the United States have been rallied to the support of the strike. The publicity given to the brutalities of the Passaic police, the proof that they were carrying out the orders of the mill owners, the unity between tex- tile capitalists and the local goverment—these are the facts which brought forth the tremendous response from the rank and file of American labor. To abandon these methods and begin to truckle to the mill owners and their lackeys means first to confuse and demoralize the strike and second to start the Passaic union of the U. T. W., born in the heat of the struggle, with a defeatist policy which can do nothing else than influence advegsely its future existence and ex- tension. The Passaic strikers should, and we have no doubt that they will, show President McMahon that they do not agree with his method of bringing peace to Passaic. Peace for the workers in Passaic will come when they increase their power and their pressure on the industry and this cannot be done by catering to the bosses and their thugs. Absorbing Insurgents The Coolidge machine, having been soundly trounced by the in- surgents in many key states, is preparing to absorb them. Brookhart made peace with the republican state committee and now the an- nouncement is made in Washington that Coolidge will not agree to the proposal to contest the election of Blaine in Wisconsin with an administration candidate. The acceptance of the insurgents by. the Coolidge machine as an official part of the party organization will tend to make them still less aggressive and their program, weak as it is, weaker still. The illusion will spread among these not too intelligent left wing republicans that the party machinery is almost within their reach and, afflicted with the incurable ailment of all such middle- class elements, they will let up on the struggle instead of intensi- fying it. Even tho Coolidge is weakened to the extent of being unable to force endorsement of his candidacy in 1928 it will mean simply that Wall Street will haye to find some less odious exponent of its policies, one whom a majority of the insurgents will accept. This will not be difficult. Lacking any program except one of opposition to “big business” and afraid to make any direct appeal on basic issues such as with- drawal of all armed forces from the colonies, abolition of the mili- lary training camp system, nationalization of key industries with full freedom for the workers to organize, complete disarmament, liquidation of farm mortgages, etc., these insurgents, operating within the republican party, express in a very weak form the con- fliet between the dominant financial group, the industrial capitalists and the small business groups. That the official American labor movement gives its allegiance to such groups instead of organizing a party of its own shows only that it has a middle class rather than a working class conception of the struggle between working class and capitalist class in the United States. end Help the wives and children of the striking British miners while ; they fight off the attacks of English capitalism, By C, E. RUTHENBERG, Exec, Sec’y. Workers: (Communist) Party. HE National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party has sound- ed a note of alarm to the locals and members of that organization and made what the St. Louis labor terms “an important request” to the units of the party. This “important request” is nothing less than a seven point warning to the locals of the Soeialist Party not to permit themselves ‘to become part of united action of the workers in their present day struggles. HE locals of the Socialist Party, according to the request of the National Executive Committe should not enter the fight for the protection of the foreign-born workers by par- ticipating in the organization of coun- cils for the protection of the foreign- born. They must not join in a united fight against discrimination from which the Negroes suffer, They must remain away from the united move- ment for the release of political pris- oners nor should they aid workers in a strike, The Reason For This Warning HE reason for this warning of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party is that the Com- munists are often the leaders and the initiators of united front movements to fight in the workers’ interests. For the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, it is a crime for the socialists to join with trade union organizations, workers’ fraternal or- ganizations and Communists in a united front struggle to prevent the foreign-born workers from being reg- istered, photographed and fingerprint- ed or to fight against racial discrimi- nation from which the Negro suffers or to take action to help workers who are fighting the bosses for higher wages and better working conditions thru a strike. HIS warning has however, a deeper significance than the mere. fear on the part of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party that the members or units of that organ- ization may really participate in the struggles of the workers, :Many local organizations of the Socialist Party }have ignored the policy of the Na- | tional Executive Commitiee of keep- \ing the workers from uniting to fight ; their immediate battles against -the capitalist exploiters, There:are,.in the Socialist Party, many sincere workers who still believe that the Socialist Party is an organization fighting in the workers’ interests. Branches of the Socialist Party in which such workers predominate have, in spite of all the past warnings, and denuncia- tions by the leaders of the Socialist Party, joined in united front action in the interests of the workefs even tho those actions were initiated and led by Communists. These working class members and units of the Socialist Party dominated by such members do not fear to be associated with Com- munists in a common struggle to aid striking workers or to protect foreign- born workers against exception laws which would register, fingerprint and photograph them like criminals. OCIALIST locals have joined with trade union representatives, with Socialist Party representatives of the fraternal organ- izations of foreign-born workers and By ERNST HAECKEL, CHAPTER Il. THE STRUGGLE OVER OUR GEN. EALOGICAL TREE. (Continued from previous issue.) In recent years these interesting ex- periments have been continued by other physiologists and physicians, such as Professor Uhlenhuth at Greifs- wald and Nuttall at London, and they have proved directly the blood-rela- tionship of various mammals. Nuttall studied them carefully in 900 different kinds of blood, which he tested by 16,000 reactions. He traced the grad- uation of affinity to the lowest apes of the new world; and Uhlenhuth con- tinued as far as the lemurs. By these results the affinity of man and the an- Last Words thropoid apes, long established ‘by anatomy, has now been proved physio- logically to be in real “blood-relation- ship.”"* Not less important are the embry- ological discoveries of the deceased zoologist, Emil Selenka, He made two long journeys to the East Indies, in order to study on the spot the em- bryology of the Asiatic anthropoia apes, the orang and gibbon. By means of a number of embryos that he col- lected he showed that certain remark- able peculiarities in the formation of the placenta, that had up to that time been considered as exclusively human, and regarded as a special distinetion of our species, were found in just the same way in the closely related an- thropoid apes, tho not in the rest of the apes. On the ground of these and other facts, I maintain that the de- scent of man from extinct Tertiary an- thropoid apes is proved just as plainly as the descent of birds fram reptiles, or the descent of reptiles from am- *Wasmann meets these convincing ex- periments with mere Sesuitical sophistry, [Of the same character Is hiv attack on |my Evolution of M. and biased anthi ORKER with the Communists in forming Councils for the Protection of. the Foreign-Born Workers. It has been thru the mass pressure of these coun- ceils that the enactment of these ex- ception laws by congress has been prevented. Now the National Execu- tive Committee of the Socialist Party warns its locals to keep out of such a struggle to protect the foreign-born workers. HE same has been true in relation to the great strtiggle of the strik- ing textile workers/f'Passaic, Many socialist locals could not be prevented from joining in the ‘anited front move- ment to support thé Passaic workers in their heroic strié}; The socialist locals have joined With trade. union- ists, Communists, ‘Wdétkers’ fraternal organizations in fofming relief com- mittees for the PasWaie’ strikers. The National Executive Cbmmittee of the Socialist Party tells’ the socialist lo- cals to get out of these relief com- mittees and let the‘ Passaic workers fight their own battles: OCIALIST locals pve been found themselves in united front politi- cal conferences formed for the pur- pose of promoting ifidependent politi- cal action and participated in by trade union representatives; fraternal or- ganization representatives and Com- munists, in addition°to the socialists. The National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party is opposed to such a movement to break the workers away from the republican and dem- ocratic parties and to organize them for an independent political struggle thru ¢he formation of a labor party. It warns its locals to keep out of such organizations for united action on the Political field. (HE National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party is even against the united front movement to win complete political, educational, industrial, and social équality for the Negroes of this country -The socialist locals must not participate in united action to fight against°Facialdiscrimi- nation against the Negro. ~ Will The Socialist Locals Abandon The Workers’ Struggles? HE instructions .of. the National Executive Committee of the So- cialist Party to its"leeals, places be- fore those locals made:up of workers who wish to participate'in the work- ers’ struggles in this.:country, the ; question; whether they #nall abandon the class struggle or, whether they shall abandon the Socialist Party? There could be ‘ng, greater confes- sion of bankruptcy 60 far as fighting for the workers’ interests in this coun- try is concerned, than this seven point statement constituting “an important request” by the National Hxecutive Committee of the Socialist Party. HE National Exeoutive Committee of the Socialist Party endeavored to confuse the view placed before the socialist locals by reference to finan- cial domination of these organizations by the Communists. \But no workers will be deceived by this.. The instruc- tions to the socialist. locals actually mean that these local¥ must keep out of every movement of the American workers which represéats a fight on the basis of the class’ struggle, be- cause every such stfuggle”in this country has been either initiated, or is being led or supportéd by the Com- munists. wT phibians, which no zoologist hesitates to admit today. The relationship is as close as was claimed by my former fellow-student, the Berlin anatomist, Robert Hartmann (with whom I sat at the feet of Johannes Muller fifty sears ago), in his admirable work on the anthropoid apes (1883). He pro- posed to divide the order of primates into two families, the primarii (man and the anthropofd apes), and simianoe (the real apés, the catarrhine or eastern, and thé!*platyrrhine or western apes), s Since the Dutch Physician, Eugen Dubois, discovered the famous re- mains of the fossil®ape-man (pithe- canthropus erectus)* éleven years ago in Java, and thus brofight to light “the missing link,” a large number of works have been pifblished on this very interesting groujiof the primates, In this connection we*whay particularly note the demonstratitn by the Strass- burg anatomist, Gustav Schwalbe, that the previously discovéred Neanderthal skull belongs to an ‘@ktinct species of man, which was midWay between the pithecanthropus and ‘the true human being—the homo prisfiigenus, After a very careful examination, Schwalbe at the same time refuted all the biased objections that Virchow had made to these and other fossil discoveries, try- ing to represent them as pathological abnormaltie: In all the émportant relics of fossil men that prove our descent from anthropoid apes Virchow saw pathological modifications, due to unsound habits, gout, rickets, or other diseases of the dwelers in the dilu- vial caves. He tried in every way to impair the force of the arguments for our primate affinity. So in the con- troversy over the pithecanthrepus he raised the most improbable conjec- tures, merely for the purpose of de- stroying its significance as a real link between the anthrop®id apes and man. Even now, in the fontroversy over this important aj ition, amateurs ists often re- that the gap t the false si all discoveries as The issue before the socialist locals is whether they will participate in such united action by the .workers against their capitalist exploiters or give up the idea of the class struggle, HE National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party will fool no one by its reference to the Com- munist leadership of such united front movements. Where the Communists have become the leaders of the united front movement of the workefs, it has been because they have’ won the con- fidence and support of the workers thru their services in the common struggle, If they have initiated united front action tru which the workers have been able to make a better fight against the capitalist bosses, that is to their credit. The fact that this is 80, shows that the Communist pro- gram today is @ program thru which the workers can achieve results and relieve themselves from some of the oppression and exploitation from which they suffer and against which they are struggling at the present time. What Does Debs Say? HERE is another phase of this statement of the National Execu- tive Committee of the Socialist Party which deserves attention, Eugene V. Debs is the chairman of the National Executive Committee. It is not likely that he participated or approved of the statement of the Socialist Party, He is reported ill at his home in Terre Haute, But the workers of this country will want to know the opinion of Eugene ¥. Debs of this statement of the Na- ‘ional Executive Committee of which he is the chairman. HE workers have heard Debs make eloquent appeals for united action against the capitalist exploiters. For more than twenty-five years, he has been an advocate of unity of the work- ing class in their struggle against the capitalists. Will Eugene V. Debs approve of the instructions of his National Executive Commiftee to refuse to join in united action for the protection of the for- eign-born workers, for the fight against discrimination against the Negroes, for the fight to release politi- cal prisoners and in support of the strikes of the workers? HE socialist locals which, in spite of the reactionary policies of the National Executive Committee of their party, have joined in these workers’ struggles will want to know where Debs stands on these questions. The workers generally who honor Debs for his years of struggle in the work- ers’ cause in spite of his continued adherence to the Socialist Party, will want to know his stand on the effort of the National Executive Committee of his party to divide the workers in place of uniting them. 1 Sipe pep V. DEBS should not per- mit such a stain to be placed upon his record as’ will be placed there if he permits the action of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, of which he is chairman, to go unchallenged. The self-respecting workers in the locals of the Socialist Party, if they are sincere in their desire to fight the workers’ struggles, will repudiate this action of the National Executive Com- mittee to divide the workers in place of endeavoring to unite them for the class struggle. on Evolution between man and the anthropoid ape is not yet filled up and the “missing link” not yet discovered. This is a most perverse statement, and can only arise either from ignorance of the anatomical, embryological, and paleon- tological facts, or incompetence to in- terpret them aright. As a fact, the morphological chain that stretches from the lemurs to the earlier western apes, from these to the eastern tailed apes, and to the tailless anthropoid apes, and from the direct to man, is now uninterrupted and clear. It would be most plausible to speak of missing links between the earliest le- murs and their marsupial ancestors, or between the latter and their mono- treme ancestors. But even these gaps are unimportant, because comparative asatomy and embryology, with the sup- port of paleontology, has dissipated all doubts as to the unity of the mam- malian stem. It is ridiculous to ex- pect paleontology to furnish an un- broken series of positive data, when we remember how scanty and imper- fect its material is, I cannot go further here into the interesting recent research in regard to special aspects of our simian de- scent; nor would it greatly advance our object, because all the general conclusions as to man’s primate de- scent remain intact, whichever way we construct hypothetically the spe- cial lines of simian evolution. On the other hand, it is interesting for us to see how the most recent form of Darwinism, so happily described by Escherich as “ecclesiastical evolu- tion,” stands in regard to these great questions. What does its astutest representative, - Father Erish Was- mann, say about them? The tenth chapter of his work, in which he deals at length with “the application of the theory of evolution fo man,” is a mas- terplece of Jesuiti¢al science, calcu- lated to throw the clearest truths into such confusion and so to present ‘Brevent any wl By A Railroad Worker. IOR the first time since the wage cutting and. union-smashing cam- paign of the railroad capitalists in 1921-22, railroad labor fs beginning to move. ; The intervening period of four years from, the defeat of the great shopmen’s .atrike up to the present time, the unions have been in full re- treat before the victorious companies, and have,.suffered heayy wage cuts and tremendous losses in _member- ship. Based. ob 1920 rates of pay, the total 88, in “wages to the workers during i fb period amounted to more than $400,060,000. At the same time a ¢ million members were lost pany Unionism. [!MEDIAT EL over a to the is. Organizations. following the strike company, unionism swept the indus: try at a startling speed, until at pres- ent they exist_on 64 of the country’s largest railways, numbering tens of thousands of workers in their ranks. Scarcely in. the many struggles of the American railroad unions have they met such. bitter attacks by the com- panies and sustained a greater set- back than during the last four years. This retreat at last has been halted and a forward movement begun. The unions are slowly rallying their forces and preparing to recover the ground lost since 1921. This movement is now proceeding on three fronts; ist, to secure wage increases, and, to or- ganize the unorganized, and third, to fight the company unions. These are rapidly becoming the outstanding is- sues before railroad labor. ‘ Wage Increases. ‘AGE increases are now a live top- ic of discussion among a large section of railroad workers. This has brot about definite steps to secure a substantial raise in- wages by several of the unions, particularly the four transportation brotherhoods and the Switchmen’s Union. The demands of these organizations amount to prac- tically a restoration of the 1920 wage the ranging from $1.00 to $1.64 a day. Several of the other unions are p ring for similar ac- Fights Unity of Raitoad Labor Begins to Movey Action of Workers eens eee Organization. 'N the industry as a whole, a total of 1,000,000 workers belong to no unions at all or are affiliated to the company associations. This large body of unorganized presents a definite problem to the organized section of the workers in their efforts to secure a wage increase. To build and strengthen the weaker organization’ therefore becomes of prime impor- tance. Some of the unions, such as the Switchmen, Telegraphers, and others, have been for some time con- ducting vigorous organization drives and making encouraging gains. At the recent convention of the Railway Employes’ Department, representing nine of the railroad unions, a resolu- tion was unanimously adopted calling for a united organization drive by these unions. This campaign will soon be under way and by concerted action and the united support of all other unions substantial results will be obtained. The Company Unions. OGETHER with the unorganized, the company unions constitute a most serious barrier to the progress of the organized workers. Being under the complete domination of the companies they will be used by them to check the wage increase movement among certain classes* of railroad workers. The fight against the com- pany unions is now taking shape. All standard organizations are conducting educational work among their own members, as well as reaching large numbers of unorganized and those ac- tually in the company unions. The unions are coming to the realization that the company unions are one of the greatest hindrances to secure a |raise in wages and to build and strengthen their organizations, and that they must be entirely eliminated. GENDRAL wage increase cover- ing all railroad workers, organ- ization of the 1,000,000 unorganized into the standard unions, and the elimination of the company unions are the immediate issues confronting tail road labor. To be successful in them calls for the solid support and ‘back- ing of all trades. reader from “forming a clear idea of them, When we compare this tenth chapter with theminth, in which Was- mann fr js the theory of evolu- tion as ‘an’ tible truth on the strength” Own able studies, we can. re that they both came’ he same pen—or, rather, we can lerstand when we recollect of the Jesuit con- gregat! ‘ end justifies the ntruth is permitted and meritorious in the service of God and his. church, The Jesttitidal sophistry that Was- matin employs in order to save man’s unique position in nature, and to prove that he was immediately created by God, culminates in the antithesis of his two natures. The “purely zoolog- (cal conception of man,” which has been established beyond question by anatomical and embryological com- parison with the ape, is said to fail because it does not take into account the chief features, his “mental life.” It is “psychology tha tis hest fitted to deal with the nature and origin of man.” All the facts of anatomy and embryology-that I have gathered to- gether in my “Evolution of Man” in proof of the series of his ancestors either 1g) .6r misconstrued and made rid: by Wasmann. The same is done With the instructive facts on anthro especially with, the ridimentary“bieiae, which Robert Wiedersheim has quoted in his “Man’s Structure as a Witness to His Past.” It is clear that the Jesuit writer lacks competence in this department; that he has only a superficial and inade- quate acquaintance with comparative anatomy and embryology. lf Was- mann had studied the morpholdgy and physiology of the mammals as. thor- oughly as those of the ants, he would have concluded, if he were impartial, that it is just as necessary to admit a@ monophyletic (or singles origin for the former as for the latter. .If, in Wasmann's opinion, the 4,000 species of ants form a single “natural sys- tem”—that is to say, descend from one original species—it is just as necessary to admit the same hypothe- sis for the 6,000 (2,400 living and 3,600. fossil) species of mammals, in- cluding the human species, (To Be Continuéd,) ¢ MONTREAL—(FPP)—The sleeping, dining and parlor car department of the Canadian National railways in- tends to replace colored employes with white on the International Lim- ited, running between Chicago and Montreal. The Canadian Brotherhood of Railroad Employes protests it drawing the color line. Teceaty brotherhood presented a seh wiping out discriminatory wage rates between colored and white | |