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} ! | { | j } | Page Four necting idl lt sheet Abas fasten sta aad | thy the wick (DALL VIEW ORKER — MILWAUKEE TO GET RELIEF FOR PASSAIC STRIKE 19 Organizations Have Delegates at Meet MILWAUKEE, Wis., Aug, 2.—A con- ference for relief of Passaic textile workers was held here in the Labor Lyceum, 759 Garfield street. Twenty Nine delegates attended, representing 19 organizations. This did not in- elude tha labor unions represented in the Central Trades & Labor Assembly which is carrying on its own relief campaign among affiliated organiza- tions. The conference was addressed by Rebecca Grecht, field organizer for the. General Relief Committee, Relief Urgently Needed. Leo Khzycki, general organizer of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, who had just returned from a visit to Passaic, told of the heroism of the striking textile work- ers, confronted by daily brutal police onslaughts. He emphasized the plight of the children of the strikers, and LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS URGE UNIONS TO AID PASSAIC STRIKE PASSAIC, N. J., August 2—The Locomotive Engineérs’ Journal, in its July issue thru an editorial makes .the following appeal for strike relief: “Can such industrial autocracy, coupled with unashamed command of the police and sheriff's offices, be tolerated here in America? policemen’s That is not the lesson of the railroad industry, where of peace have been substituted for the ways of war. in America which looks toward industrial progr: solve industrial problems by workers’ starvation? the way: Are we to clubs, employers’ czarism and Every force and social well-being and that means every labor union, every church and publiominded group, should bring pressure to bear immediately on Governor Moore, their United States senators, and their related organizations in Passaic to bring about a just settlement, ly in their fight for In the meantime the strikers and their children suffer keen- industrial justice. Contributions addressed to the General Strike Committee, 743 Main Avenue, Passaic, N. J., will help relieve that distress.” AGITATORS AND PROPAGANDISTS ARE NEEDED IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE LIBERATION OF LABOR This ig the fourth article 8 s on the development of The DAILY WORKKR into a mass organ of the left wing of the Amer- ican labor movement, It will inter- est those anxious to function effect- ively as agitators and propagandists praised the splendid work carried ont by the General Relief Committee in its gathering and distribution of funds, Many books of milk and meal sea ag well as contribution lists and pic- torials were distributed. It was deajded to call a second relief conference on August 19 and to invite all labor unions of the city to send delegates. An executive committee of thirteen was elected, with A. J. Piepenhagen, manager of the Milwaukee joint board of the Amalgamated Clothing Work- ers, as chairman, and M. Mankoff, also of the joint board, as secretary-treas- urer. The committee was instructed to make immediate arangements for a picnic. Elect Executive Committee. The executive committee is com- posed of following delegates: Goldie Berg, M. Mankoff and A. J. Piepen- hagen of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers; Ben Rubin, Ward 6, Branch Socialist Party; H. Speizman, United Relief Conference of Milwaukee; G, Piccoli, Workers (Communist) Party; Mrs. S. A. McIntosh and Anita K. Koenen, of the Women’s Trade Union League; Clara Knappe, Bluebird Lodge No, 106, Lad Auxiliary to International Association of Machin- ists; Meta Berger, wife of Victor Ber- ger; Cora Meyer, International Labor Defense; John Milaeger, Amalgamated Clothing Workers. The confernece has established local headquarters at the office of the joint board of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers’ Union, 321 Third street. Demand “Ma” Ferguson Resign. AUSTIN, Texas, August 2. — A resolution demanding that Governor Miram A. (Ma) Ferguson resign im- Mediately in compliance with her agreement with Dan Moody, demo- cratic nominee for governor, and stat- ing that the people of Texas “have the moral right to demand perform- ance of the pact” was adopted by the Travis county democratic convention here today. is FOR TS i 1 in the struggle for the emancipation of labor. os ee By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL, HE “On to Moscow” subscription drive of The DAILY WORKER, Just ended, has proved above all things that there are not enough DAILY WORKER builders in the land. Without builders, loyal to their press, The DAILY WORKER cannot achieve the goal we all hope for it, of great influence and prestige among America’s tens of millions of bitterly exploited workers and farmers, The resolution on The DAILY WORKER, adopted by, the party plenum, ceclared: “No matter how excellent a publica- tion omr party organ may be, it can- not carry far unless the driving force of the party and of the left wing: is behind it.” It may be said in all candor that neither the party organization nor the forces of the left wing, small tho they are, supported this subscription drive, It is only by facing the bitter truth that the foundation can be laid for better results in the future. ses HERE the party and the left wing supported the drive there results were achieved, as in New York City, Pittsburgh and Detroit, Where the party organization and the left wing turned their backs on the subscription campaign, as in Chi- cago, there, of course, it was impos- sible to secure results, except thru the strenuous efforts of individual comrades. But that is only part of the story. Active and energetic officials can get some results even with inactive mem- bers. An active membership can get some results in spite of the inertia of officials. But, of course, the ideal sit- uation develops thru officials and rank and file working harmoniously and enthusiastically together. This can only be achieved when they both have a.common outlook directed toward the same goal, with the same desire to reach that goal. First. The common outlook must be the building of the party and the left wing press, The DAILY WORKER. Many members and officials do not yet accept this task seriously. Others completely ignore it. They have a common outlook, but it is in the wrong direction, toward the rear, not “TOWARD THE FRONT!” Second. The goal must be the mass press. Not a DAILY WORKER with tens of thousands of circulation, but with hundreds of thousands of read- ers; yes, even running into a million. Third. The goal can only be reach- ed thru struggle, thru the ceaseless efforts of thousands, tens of thous- ands, a hundred thousand tireless agi- ‘ators, undaunted propagandists, al- ways,on the job, % es | HE whole problem, therefofe, sim- mers down to the plain fact that our officials and members, in suf- ficient numbers, do not function in the role of agitators and propagandists, which is the most important work of our movement right now. The honor roll of press builders, made up of builders who secured 1,000 or more points, resulting from the getting of 10 yearly “subs,” contained only 35 names. It should have con- tained thousands, The big ‘trait about the leaders among the press builders is that they take their work seriously. They are workers. I know, because I have met them all: Paul C. Reiss, of Los An- geles, Cal.; Sarah’ Victor, Detroit, Mich.;, Leo Kling, New York City; Arthur Smith, New York City; John Kaspar, East Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. H. Scarville, Pittsburgh, Pa., and so on down the list. Sarah Victor showed her earnestness when she insisted on telling the last party plenum “How we do it in Detroit.” W. H. Scarville, in Pittsburgh, has the right idea when he works to develop Builders out of all the other comrades. The results tell the story. Here they are: Sarah Victor's Detvvit got more points than Chicago, while the Detroit district nearly equalled the showing of the whole Chicago district. Scarville’s Pittsburgh digtrict did almost twice as well as the Cleve- land district, that worked under prac- tically similar conditions, except that it did not produce a Scarville. Nor did it turn out a John Kaspar, who put East Pittsburgh, Pa., on the map with more points than the total scored by the entire cities of Cleveland, To- ledo, Buffalo, Kansas City, St. Louis, Milwaukee, St. Paul or Philadelphia, the last being the nation’s third larg- est city. ee "\HESE are sufficient enough and perhaps a few ideas, to keep those who read them busy for a little while considering their own role in the left wing of the American working class Some more facts will be considered in an early issue, Prosecutor Insists Aimee Must Face Her Accusers Next Week LOS ANGELES, Calif., August 2.— Whether Mrs. Aimee Semple McPher- {son wants to or not she must face her accusers from Carmel-by the Sea before the county. grand jury next If she refuses to face these wit- nesses that have made affidavits to Deputy District Attorney Joseph Ryan she will be jailed for contempt of court, When asked as to whether Aimee was being called before the county grand jury to determine whether Ai- mee committed perjury, District At- torney Asa Keyes declared: “Yes, Mrs. at the First Annual ~ DAILY WORKER TRUCK PARTY Sunday, August 8 Arranged by the Boston office of The Dally Worker TO NORTH MIDDLEBORO, MASS. Tickets can be obtained at the New International Hail, 42 Venonah St., Roxbury, at 36 Causeway St., Boston, and at the Chelsea Labor Lyceum, Price $1.00 Trucks will leave these stations and McPherson or any other witness who tesfifled before the grand jury.” Finger-prints found in the little cot- tage in which a “Mr, and Mrs, McIn- tyre” spent ten days have been turned over to finger prints’ experts for in- vestigation. St. Paul Road Gets Richer, Net operating income of the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad increased $3,028,000 for the first six months of 1926, compared with the same period for 1925, the road an- nounced here today, “Say it with your pen in the worker correspondent page of The DAILY WORKER.” One Worker Killed and Six Hurt When Huge Derrick Falls NEW YORK, Aug. #.—A flaw in the guy rope of a huge derrick caused the decapitation of one worker and the severe injury of six others at the new Roxy Theater building. The derrick had been installed on the auditorium level, a story above the street, and its first load was lifted from a stone pit in which 25 men were working. The guy rope broke at this point and the derrick toppled over. The huge tackle running loose at the end of the broken rope struck Antonio Lastell, 55, across the neck and cut off his head, The other workers were caught under falling debris, Danish Depression Getting Worse, Says Copenhagen Report WASHINGTON, Aug! 2, —(FP)— According to information received by the department of commerce from its agent in Copenhagen, the Danish com- mercial and industrial situation is be- coming worse, and unemployment is on the increase, Some 46,000 unemploy- ed are now officially listed, Wages and prices are falling. The textile indus- try is reported to be in a dangerous condition. ONE KILLED, TWO INJURED IN SCAB ROCKEFELLER MARYLAND RAILROAD HAGERSTOWN, Md., August 2.—W. G, Hammond, fireman, was killed, and two train employes were injured when a freight locomotive on the scab Western Maryland Railroad exploded at Cl of the explosion is unknown, There line that is owned by the Rockefellers, ‘springs, near here. The cause strike of engineers on against the it VAGI DERIDES: HORTHY JUDGE IN TRIAL OF 58 Raps Social - Democrats for Their Betrayal (Continued from page 1) 1871, I do not disavow—1919—the pro- letarian dictatorship of Hungary. “After the fall of the proletarian dic- tatorship the blackest night began for the Hungarian proletariat. The white terror raged thruout the land.” The president calls Vagi, to order and instructs him to speak in his own defense, Vagi continued fearlessly: “Seventy thousand prisoners were thrown into the dungeons and numberless martyrs were sent to eternity.” The president again called Vagi to order, Vagi: “Even at that time I already protested against the attitude of the Hungarian social democracy. Social democratic leaders participated as ministers in the first regime of blood. They gave their assent to extraordi- nary courts and internment. The so- cial democratic leaders thus became accomplices of the most appalling white terror. Altho the Hungaridn proletariat kept on fighting under the most dreadful white terror, kept true to its revolutionary traditions and of- fered heroic resistance, the leaders of the Hungarian social democratic party continued their betrayal of the class struggle, “Altho the brutal white terror si- giheers and another track, 19 lenced every liberation movement and endeavors to exterminate the proleta- riat, the leaders of the social democ- racy at every. decisive moment de- clared their readiness to support the counter-revolution. I can state with a clear conscience, without fear of ex- aggeration, that the Hungarian social democratic leaders are the surest and most reliable supports of the counter- revolution. “As a revolutionary Marxist, I could not stand aside and remain passive while the Hungarian proletariat, which had remained resolute even during the most terrible reign of white terror, was being slaughtered. I saw how the agricultural workers and poorer peas- ants were cheated by the so-called agricultural reform. Greater villainy was never committed than the be- trayal of the rural proletariat by the Hungarian ruling class with the agri- cultural reform. I saw how the ruling class enriched itself shamelessly with the aid of this ‘agricultural reform.’ I saw how the so-called patriots loud- mouthly gabbled of the® disgraceful Trianon peace treaty and {of the in- tegrity of Hungary, and at’ the same time sold the country and its sover- eignty to foreign capitalists thru the ‘reconstruction plan.’ Reconstruction in Hungary. “‘Reconstruction’ plunged Hungary into unprecedented misery. Not only is the Hungarian proletariat perishing in starvation and wretchedness, but the city middle class and the so-called intelligentsia are being proletarized. Month after month hundreds seek an escape from ‘reconstructed’ Hungary thru suicide. Even under these cir- cumstances the social democratic lead- ers were true to Bethlen and followed him as a shadow follows light. They concluded a pact with him. During ‘reconstruction’ they have concluded a truce with him, and attained world secords in history in the field of be- rayal in matters great and small. To- sether with the decay of the Hunga- rian counter-revolution, the mentality of the social democratic leaders has also decayed more and more. Fear of Revolution, “The counter-revolution is only held together by the fear of the revolution. The social democrats are afraid of nothing so much as of the revolution- ary stirrings of the proletariat. After open compacting with Bethlen was no longer possible, the social democratic party formed a bloc with the demo- crats who were under the leadership of the legitimists. While Horthy and the awakening Hungarians were turn- ing Hungary into a vast cemetery, the social democratic leaders wallowed in the slough of corruption of the white terror and enriched themselves with the left-overs of the various Panama affairs.” The president threatened Vagi with a severe sentence if he continued his denunciation. The President: “What international to you belong to, the Third?” Vargi: “The party executive sent delegates to the Marseilles congress of the Second International. , The entire party was unable to takea stand on this matter—for Hungary is not only the classic land of Panama scandals, but also of lawbreakers—as we could ‘not hold a congress where this ques- tion could have been decided.” The President: “Why did you say that the socialist labor party ‘wants to put the slow, wobbling locomotive of the Hungarian labor movement back on the straight traé® of Marxism?” Need New Leadership, Vagi: “Because the social demo- crats repress every mass movement; because the social democrats have in- fected the workers with cowardice for years, Five thousand four hundred years would be insufficient for the Hungarian social democratic leaders to carry on an earnest campaign even for the right of suffrage. ¢That is why the Hungarian proletariat is the most oppressed people in the world, and that is why I said that we need other locomotives and other lopomotive en- GREEN INVITED TO VISIT SOVIET UNION; COUNCIL DENOUNCES MOVE; OTHER OFFICIALS WILLING TO GO WASHINGTON, Aug. 2—(FP)—William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, was urgently invited, by special letter, to join the proposed trip to Europe of a group of American labor executives which was to include in its itiner- ary the industrial centers of Britain, France, Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union. He was further urged, if he could not go, to name someone to go in his stead. This fact is disclosed by one of the officers of the Interna- tional Association of Machinists, ment issued at Cincinnati which + began with the sentence, cred- ited to the executive council’s press agent: “Efforts of the soviet government of Russia to have a labor whitewashing committee sent from the United States to that country were condemned by the executive council of the American Federation of Labor at its meeting in Cincinnati this week,” Green Answers. Green seems to have replied to this letter of invitation, and in a tone far more cordial than is reflected by the council’s press agent. The council adopted a declaration, evidently writ- ten by someone other than Green, in which it not only declared its opposi- tion to any plan for visiting Soviet Russia by labor executives not sent there by the council or the A. F. of L. convention, but openly challenged the good faith of the promoters of the plan, It is well known that when A. A. Purcell, British fraternal delegate to the A. F. of L. last year, who headed the British Trades Union Congress delegation to Russia in 1924, spoke in this country for Russian inquiry, a cash fund was collected at the meet- ings which he addressed. This money was banked by Timothy Healy of the Stationary Firemen and Oilers’ Inter- national Union as the start of a fund to send an American labor group to inquire into the success or failure of Soviet Russia under the proletarian dictatorship. iy No Communists. In the letter addressed to Green it was made plain that executives of five or six big labor organizations had agreed to go, under the rule that no socialist or Communist should be in the party. It was further understood that various labor organizations would be asked to contribite funds to the enterprise. The whole plan hinged on getting men to visit Europe, to com- pare conditions in Russia with condi- tions in other European countries, and to make sure that these investigators were not radicals, Labor Notables Agree. It was this conception of the plan which led Sheppard of the railway conductors, Manion of the railway telegraphers, Shea of the locomotive firemen, Johnston and Hewitt of the in response to the press state- machinists, Noonan of the electrical workers (who was suggested as chair- man) and Ziegler of the railway clerks to consider making the trip. W. Jett Lauck, former secretary of the war labor board and national famous indus- trial economist, was to make one of the party. These men were apparently astonished at the council’s declara- tion that “we seriously doubt the good faith of such a self-constituted com- mission,” in view of the earnestness with which Green had been invited to go along. No Complaint on Bankers. The council, ignoring the letter to Greeh, which was preceded by many efforts to discuss the matter with him personally, warned all labor unions against contributing funds to send a “self-styled” labor commission to Europe, and at the same time asked where the money was to come from to enable labor executives to make the journey. This combination of a ban upon foreign and American labor money likewise astonished the men who were thinking of taking the trip. They were more surprised because the council raised no complaint against the journey of American bankers, financial editors or manufacturers such as Vauclain of the Baldwin Loco- motive Works to Russia to report on the profits to be made there. The answer to the riddle is seen by some of the disappointed ones in the final section of the council’s state- ment, wherein it says its opposition will continue “until such time as the A. F. of L., thru its legally constituted tribunals, creates a commission and clothes it with authority to visit Rus- sia and other European countries,” U. S. Admits Soviet Strength. On the day this statement reached Washington, the United States board of tax appeals issued its decision that Russian imperial bonds are worthless and have been worthless since 1920. In that year, it decides, the soviet gov- ernment established itself beyond question, and “it became certain that the soviets were to be in a position to enforce and make good their decree repudiating the debts of the imperial Russian government.” Wrangel, last of counter-revolutionaries, was sup- pressed in 1920. Talk Collaboration Between Capital and Chicago Traction Magnates to Meet Labor at Brookwood| With the City Council KATONAH, N. Y., Aug. 2.—Dele- gates from at least 12 railroad labor unions will take part in the second annual railroad labor institute, to be held at Brookwood Labor College here the first half of August. Discussion will include: Management of rail- ways, involving finance, expense and problems of operation; labor organi- zations, with special reference to com- pany unionism, collective agreements, and inter-union co-operations; govern- ment regulation of railways; and ad- justment of labor disputes. Speakers will include: Frank Mc- Manamy of the interstate commerce commission; Dr. William H. Leiser- son, impartial arbitrator for the men's clothing industries of Rochester, N. Y.; Bert M. Jewell and Otto S. Beyer of the A, F, of L.; David J. Saposs, labor history instructor at Brookwood; and Dr. Sumner H. Slichter of the institute of economics. Chinese Peasantry Whip Armies of Wu * . . in Shansi Province MOSCOW (By Mail).—A dispatch from Peking reports severe fighting in the Shansi province between insurgent peasants and detachments of Wu-Pei- Fu’s army, commanded by Lu-Chen- Hun, iy charge of the southern and central parts of the province. The peasants, armed with all sorts of im- provised weapons, and in some cases even with regular modern arms, are chasing the Lu-Chen-Hun soldiers trom the villages. In the Kushi region (Yonan prov- ince) 4,000 armed peasants issued two demands to the officers of the Lu- Chen-Hun forces: (1 To stop illegal attacks, and (2) to prohibit arbitrary incursions of soldiers into the villages, Both these demands have been met by the officers to the satisfaction of the peasants, Samuel Insull, $200,000,000 public utility magnate, Henry A, Blair, presi- dent of the Chicago Surface Lines, and Jeonard A. Busby, president of the Chicago Railway company, have noti- fied the Chicago city council transpor- tation committee that they are willing to sit in with the council committee in “solving” the traction problem in Chi- cago. The council is seeking the unifica- tion of the elevated and the surface lines with the issuance of universal transfers to be effected as soon as the old franchise expires, At the conference with Blair, Busby andthe representative of Insull that |) decided to do all it could to avoid a threatened fight in the Illinois legis- lature, were Frank C. Wetmore, chair- man of the board of directors of the First National Bank and Melvin A. Traylor, president of the First Na- tional Bank. Another conference of these mag- nates is being planned for an early date The date when the council committee, these magnates and a citizen’s com- mittee will discuss the transportation problem has not been set yet. A num- ber of hearings will be held to draw up a proposition to be presented to the November election. Warden Weideling Gives Up Office Captain George S. Weldeling, dur- ing whose eight months’ reign at Cook county jail scandal after scandal has broken out, has resigned his post. It is expected that John L. Whitman, former warden of the Joliet prison, will take his place. Send a sub now and get the spe- cial rate of five dollars for a year’s subscription and the pleasure of help Our Daily, TRY TO REACH IMPRISONED TUNNEL WORKERS; LITTLE CHANCE OF LIFE WEST PORTAL, Colc., August 2.—Rescue crews are working feverishly in an effort to reach five men buried beneath tons of rock and dirt, two and one half miles underground from this point. The men were caught in a fall of hundreds of tons of rock, while working in soft dirt In the main heading of the Moffat tunnel at noon Friday. H. T. Thompson, one of the six workers to be rescued alive, died Friday night. Be- fore he expired he begged the workers to not give up. No sound of life has come from the pile of rocks under which the men are buried, and officials in charge of the rescue work, believe there is but a small chance of finding them alive aatds SOVIET UNION’S EXPORTS 10 U.S, ARE INCREASING Russia Imports Much In- dustrial Machinery } WASHINGTON, Aug, 2.—American trade with the Soviet Union during the first six months of 1926 showed a turnover of $33,939,928, a decrease of 48 per cent from the same period of 1925, according to figures of 14 trad- ing organizations, gathered by the Russian information bureau. The turnover is about’ 50 per cent higher than the pre-war rate of trade, American Exports, American exports to the Soviet Union for the period were $25,962,982, as compared with $52,610,645 for the Same period last year, while imports were $7,976,925, as compared with $6,- 169,091 last year. Import figures for this year, however, do not include manganese ore, estimated at about $4,000,000, and furs imported by one large trading company, estimated at about $1,500,000. Thus imports vir- tually doubled over the safne period of last year, Sharp Decline. The sharp decline in American ex- ports to the Soviet Union, upwards of 50 per cent, was explained as follows by Harold Kellock, statistical director of the Russian information bureau. Need More Machinery. “During the first six months of 1925 the Soviet Union was compelled to purchase flour valued at nearly $18,- 000,000 in the United States, owing to the poor harvest of the previous summer. Such purchases ceased this year. Cotton purchases this year, val- ued at $12,000,000, were less by $14,- 500,000 than last year. On the other hand, Soviet purchases of agricultural machinery increased from $3,415,000 last year to $6,053,650 this year, oil well machinery from $690,000 to $702,- 529, and other industrial machinery from $2,516,000 to $3,700,642, German Imports Increase. “Despite these gains, however, Amer- ican exports to the Soviet Union have fallen back this year relatively, while Soviet imports from Germany and England have gained proportionately. Germany, in particular, is now making every effort to regain her supremacy in Russian trade, and it is fair to as- sume that under present conditions American manufacturers will find Ger- many an increasingly difficult compet- itor in that market, save for such things as tractors and other special- ized machinery} in which American mass production has distanced compe- tition.” Some of the principal American im. ports from the Soviet Union were furs, about $6,000,000; manganese, about $4,000,000; casings, $906,124; fibers, $629,208; bristles, $538,876; flax, $418,663; licorice root, $317,892; hides, $242,572. Revaluation Board to Increase Taxes on Chicago Loop Property The Manufacturers’ Appraisal com- pany, which has been working under a contract with the revaluation board of the board of education and the city council, in a report to the city council to be made tomorrow points out that Chicago loop property is worth twice as much for taxation purposes than the valuations set by the board of re- view. CALL US ‘Humboldt 9059 Main 1703 PIANOS Tuned, Repaired, Refinished BOUGHT AND SOLD Call Us Before You Buy Your Piano Elsewhere and Save Money. KART'S PIANO REPAIR SHOP 2439 W. WALTON ST, Information Service for out-of-town Daily Worker readers, ARRAAABABABARAAAADREADAARD FARM FOR SALE 80 acres, Prague, Ark. Five minutes walk from depote Farm fenced with hog wire. About 18 acres under cul- tivation, All level land, no stones, plenty of good water, Includes all stock and farm implements. A bar. gain for quick sale, Cash or terms $2,200, Write Andrew Remsik, Prague, Ark, aaah aaah ahadhah hail INTERNATIONAL BARBER SHOP Private Beauty Parlor M. SALA, 2016 Second Ave. (Between 103rd and 104th Sts.) New York City YOU CAN EAT WELL IN LOS ANGELES at GINSBERG'S VEGETARIAN RESTAURANT 2324-26 BROOKLYN AVENUE, LOS ANGELES, CAL. See the Cream of Fair Exhibits at Illinois State Fair Springfield, Aug. 21-28 — msl ANA lash ltt tS scan —w Se