The Daily Worker Newspaper, January 5, 1926, Page 6

er ae a { A Page Six THE “DALEY “WORKER THE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Blvd, Chicago, Ill. Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By maii (in Chicago only): By mail (outsid> of Chicago): $8.00 per year, $4.50 six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months | $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks ta THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W, Washington Blvd, Chicago, Illinois J. LOUIS ENGDAHL WILLIAM F. DUNNE {"™ MORITZ J. LOEB..... .. Editors Business Manager Entered as second-class mail September 21, 19 cago, Ill., under the act of Mare at the post-office at Chi- 3, 1879. Sr 290 = Advertising rates on application, = The Greek Debt Secretary of the Treasury Mellon has a new problem t0 solve as a result of the latest attempt at debt settlement. The Greek mission is in Washington, like the missions of other nations that have been there and still others that are to come, in an éffort to arrange finan- cial affairs so they can secure further loans from the Wall Street banking houses. The Greek debt is comparatively insignificant, but the history of the thing is illuminating. In February, 1918, the United States, Great Britain and France agreed to extent credits to Greece after the end of the war, the American share of the loan to be $48,236,000. The United States advanced her $15,000,000 and then stopped because Standard Oil resented the role of Greece as vassal of England in the struggle for oil in the Middle and Near E. Britain’s meddling with internal polities in that country and the kaleidoscopic changes of government made Greece a poor investment for the United States. Mr. Mellon claims that Greece owes the United States the prin- cipal and interest of the loan, which amounts to $17,500,000. But Greece has a unique counter claim to the effect that the United States owes her the balance of the promised loan, $33,263,000, which must be paid before she will settle her indebtedness. If Mr. Mellon believes in the biologie myth of the inheritance of acquired characters (or characteristics) he must be forcibly reminded of the ancient Trojan admonition “beware of Greeks bearing gifts.” These ancient enemies of Athens discovered that the business men with their commercial swindles in the form of gifts accompanying their merchandise were more potent than Greek swords. However Mellon may reason about this incredible demand of the modern Greeks, the outcome of the negotiations will be de- termined by advantages to be gained in the world struggle of today between the United States and England. This government may can- cel part of the debt in the hope of paving the way for more effective financial penetration, or it may insist upon full payment. The total amount is trivial compared with the Italian and French debts and England’s domination of Greece for the purpose of creating power- ful naval bases in the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea pre- paratory to operations against Turkey in the struggle over Mosul will not aid the Greeks in the negotiations with the Washington agents of Wall Street. Another Exoneration for Wheeler The decision of the district court of the District of Columbia exonerating Senator Wheeler of Montana of charges of crime in con- nection with oil leases is the third victory for the running mate of LaFollette in the last presidential campaign. Beyond ‘doubt the prosecution of Wheeler was an act of revenge on the part ofthe Coo- lidge administration for the role the Montana senator played in aiding to unmask the thieving, murderous, venal “Ohio gang” of which the late president, Harding, and the cheap ward heeler and political crook, former Attorney-General Daugherty, were the lead- ers. meration by the federal court of the state of Montana where the crime is alleged to have occurred was followed by the attempt. of the department of justice to convict Wheeler in Washington. This also failed, but still the Coolidge outfit desires further _persecution. They cannot easily forgive the black eye they received in the Daugherty scandals. Leading republicans, however, are advising the government to refrain from further making itself ridiculous in this case. Then the recent change of front of Wheeler may have something to do with the recent decision and will probably prevent further prosecu- tion on the charges in spite of the threats. The Montana senator is now running with the pack that is howling to get the United States into the league of nations via the world court, which service to Morgan will do much to atone for the attacks upon Daugherty. This stand of Wheeler should be a lesson to those workers who rallied to the support of the LaFollette-Wheeler ticket in the last campaign under the illusion that triumph of the petty bourgeois third party would mean a victory for labor, and should stimulate the drive for a labor party independent of and against all such political shysters as Wheeler. ‘ Jesus Jazzer Silent Billy Sunday, now that William Jennings Bryan is dead, is the foremost American spokesman for that obnoxious aggregation of hell-howling, bug-house, mammon-worshipping protestant spawn, that upholds the bourgeois religion of fundamentalism. ‘This speci- men is one of the reliable servants of capitalism in its éfforts to keep the working class in ignorance and superstition. For years his ap- pearance in a so-called evangelical campaign followed industrial disturbaices, 4 . Now this spook peddler is laid up as a result of an operation on that overworked part of his anatomy—his jaw. The'other day he spent six hours in a dentist's chair and is recuperating in’a hospital and for the first time in the past quarter century he is silent. As usual, the “superior” race has broken its word to a sup- posed “barbarian” foe. The French in Syria, after getting an armistice on the promise of a complete amnesty, began insisting on the punishment as for civil crimes, of acts of war taken by the Druse forces as an army but insisted upon by the French as in- dividual crimes of murder and pillage. So the Druses decided to begin shooting again. Now we will hear how they, not the French, broke the armistice. Wall Street imperialism has had to back up on the attempt by Pershing to keep an army of occupation loafing around South America for a year or so under cover of “settling a dispute” between Claie and Peru. “Black Jack” Pershing suddenly found he had much too bad teeth to chew the quid he had bitten off. All South America became indignant and a retreat was forced. , Another case in Morocco, How the French and Spanish pined for peace. They would -have given anything for peace, but their wer to dig high grade ore out of the hills there with-cheap labor. Kow tinh Abdel-Krim proposes peace, both Spain and France refuse NOTE.—This.is a continuation of athe series of articles on the recent International Ladies’ Garment Workers convention, the last of which appeared in the issue of Saturday, December 26. Another ar- ticle will appear tomorrow, arr fa" By WILLIAM F. DUNNE, ARTICLE V. The*Left Wing Walkout and Its Consequences. HE refusal of the Sigman machine to accept the provisions of the peace agreement granting propor- tional representation to joint boards, following its use of police to clear the convention hall and other methods of provocation, was clearly an attempt to force a secession movement for which blame could be placed on the left wing. In this the machine almost succeed- ed. After Sigman had announced shat no charge in representation would be made, in reply to protests from the left, he actually invited the left wing, if not satisfied with the committee ruling, to leave the convention. HE left wing, following the lead of Hyman, who said he would “take his hat and coat and go home,” left the hall in a bady. The continued use of split tactics by both the right and left, had resulted in an actual split. Only the discipline of the left wing, and cooler consideration of the dis- astrous results of such a policy, brought the left wing delegation back into the convention next morning and liquidated the crisis—a crisis which could not have been confined to the I. L. G. W. which inevitably would have involved the left wing in the whole American labor movement. Butchery of Chinese Workers Is Exposed © (Continued from page 5) and none of his virtues.” Such as told me by Old Mister Wong, the wise man of North China, head of the Kailan Mining administration, who sent his son to Yale, spent a quarter of a mil- lion on him there, and then watched him degenerate to a common coolie upon his return here. Really Benefit—By Turning Traitor? Such things are common here, and the Chinese is exceptional, who, up- on his return here can keep his head above water and really benefit by his learning. They land here with a hand- ful of dogmas, and a hearty sense of their superiority over their brothers; they scorn to work, and are cocksure in all the damnable senses of the word. They soon lose their moral fibre, their sense of proportion, and finally end up within a step of where they left off when they went abroad. | The oriental mind is queer—I don't care what your medical men say, | have observed the intricate ramific- ation and modes of oriental reason- ing, and I marvel at some of the processes turned out. The Chinese mind is subjective; the occidental is objective. Degenerate Missionaries. And I doubt if there has ever lived a man who really understood the Chinese; for such is the influence of this country, that when-a man liver among them for years, cut off from hi: kind, he ceases to be white, as it were, and soon degenerates to a being lower than ever a white man elsewnere could become. And, altho he might savvy. the Chinese viewpoint, speak their tongue —he is thereupon unfit for use as an analysist. Many of our missionaries go native, wear cues, and are littie more or less than White Chinese. In the interior such are found, having lost their occidental ways and really become Chinese, living in foul, in- describable dens, and still drawing funds from the Altogether-Missed Old Maids and Widows. Holy Parasites. I firmly believe that the mission- aries should beat it out of China, they lo no good, and are parasites in the full sense of the word. The Y, M. C, A. is doing good work here—but they also are more needed in the st¥tes, in a wihte man’s country, more than they are here. Hank, use your imagination; imagine a foul district in Shanghai, narrow streets in the native quarter, crooked on purpose to stop devils, a network of alleys and runways; and then imagine yourself being on a raid there, busting into a house in quest of opium. You burst in the front door and rush in, you kick in the obstructing doors and kick the opium sodden oc- cupants out of their filthy beds. Deep in the interior of the den ydh bring up in front of a door, upon which in big character is writtend the word, “Wai Kuo Kren,” “White Man.” “Gone Native” You blow your whistle, and when help comes you bust in the door, and there, stretched on his filthy bed you discern thru the darkness what once had been a white man, Sodden and crazed with opium, “gone native” and having lost all his foreign ways, this wreck Hes—~gibbering in Chinese, not even able to speak his mother tongue, Such, such, is what China does to him who weakens and goes Chinese. Hap- pily few, few, fall so low; the code out here {s to jail them and ship them away before the chance arises, before they are able to make such gloomy, drooling spectacles of themselves, Opium? Plenty of it here, in fact seldom do I patrol the more danger- ous quarters + days without smel- ling ineé: © thar queer, heavy smell, of burning opium, But the sup- . Fie emo { Had the Sigman maghine been less stupid and chosen a more plausible excuse for provoking a split and there- fore not been forced to make organ- izational concessions, it is extremely doubtful if a split could have been avoided—a split in which the left wing had nothing to gain and every- thing to lose. Hee we must consider the causes which brought the left wing into a maneuver dangerous eyen under the most favorable circumstances and only to be engaged in after careful prepar- ation and consideration of the rela- tionship of forces in the labor move- ment and which can be carried out successfully only with. a left wing highly conscious and well organized, firmly united by a gemmon ideology and hardened in the struggle. With all its fighting spirit and trem- endous following, the left wing in the Leh. Gwe: hardly. comes up to these specifications,.neither is the relationship of forces.in the American labor movement favorable for the con- solidation of the left wing on a seces- sion basis. There are,few who will deny that a left wing secessionist movement in the needle trades, which would be confined to.New York, and which would not even, effect certain important sections of the ladies’ gar- ment industry in that,¢ity, could be cut to pieces by the-gombined efforts of the A. F, of L..bureaucracy, the bureaucracy of the, Amalgamated Clothing Workers, the bosses and the state authority. Some of these forces constifute reserves which the Sigman machine in the I. L. G. W, had not called into action in the pre-con- tion struggle. : ITH such forces against them the left wing in the I. L, G. W. U. ply is comparitively scarce in Shan- ghai, on account of police vigilence. But large, as compared to other cities at home. Since this trouble we have swooped down on many a large store of opium. A Hundred Per Center God grant that we ‘keep the oriental out of our fair home country, that we keep this foul wretch here, here where he is best fitt@d.to remain. For once we let the t bg millions of Asia gain a foothold the American continent, all is los®""They multiply like rabbits, ever maze so, and live always in the foulest and most revolt- ing of ways. Their ways are not ours, and the East and ‘est ' will never, never, never meet—ih, Spite of Japan- ese propaganda. : The Japanese is n by Americans in ica than he is hated out here irtish. The hatred is cordial abt hot and upon that one ground we meet, as we do out here on mai 2 Hank, we Ameri thers, to dislike the Lime r more hated out here effect e do. But, at © AT VERE mu&t ever, without any particular accident, in due time arrive , the exterision of the markets is unable to kee; manufactures, and this disproportion must brin tainty as it has done in the past. tracted, the arrival of the crisis is necessarily accelerated thereby. rebellion must, for the time August 8, 1853. the same time we like him in spite of the difficulty of meeting him and fraternizing. Since this trouble we have met, as it were, upon a common field, with common aims and troubles; and I sincerely apologize for what- ever I have said against the breed. The ways of the Briton are not our ways. He is hard to, approach, and when once made rae friend, much comes out that is never dream of. The Great Disperslon—Of Snobs I've been cut like hell out here, and felt a perfect grievange because of it. But, once I was really,acquainted with the better natured and finer ones, I soon found out what a sporting race they were. Their lives are bitter, bit- ter with longing for the home country. They are members f the great dis- persion, forever doomed tw spend their lives away fyom their home country, Pr And, their ways and habits and thoughts heing not..our ways and thoughts, we naturally, misunderstand them; and they misunderstand us. The police are nearly, all Lime; and i had a fairly diffieujt time of it at first until the crust, was broken, An Initiate, Snob But I acted natural, swore in Amer- ican, kidded them, took a lot of good- natured trash about wild west In- dians, and two gun cowboys reaming Broadway, etc, and now I number many a difficult Lime among by best friends out here. And this uprising, jun which men of many nations fought side by side without thought and with. out caring about racial traits, land and birthplace, hag served to exeate & better feeling out here among us foreigners, American destroyers have landed to rescue British residents up country; and British gunboats, have repeatedly rescued American residents since this outbreak, The Amerjean gobs, | may add, are the pride of Shanghai; they took the place by | , with their hardboiled ways, Shanghai has them many times before; but — 3 carried out a split. The reasons for this tempting of fate are to be found in the confused conception of the role of the left wing in the présent stage of the American labor movement, an over-estimation of the strength of the I. L. G. W. U. left wing, an over- estimation of the political develop- ment of the rest of the labor move- ment coupled with remnants of. con- fidence in the desire of the Sigman machine to preserve the union intact. The split tactic of the left wing was entirely one-sided. It staked everything on the belief that the Sig- man machine would make concessions rather than see the union split and the fect that certain concessions were made and no split occured no more proves the correctness of this belief than the foresight of a gambler is proved when he wins on red because black did not turn up. HAT would the left wing have done if the Sigmanites had not made concessions? It must be remembered, in seeking an answer to this question that the left wing had followed objectively splitting tactics all thru the conven- tion, but splitting tactics which were the result of a wrong conception of the role of the bureaucrcay as the real agents of the bosses in the union —a split tactic which was supposed to bring pressure upon the bureaucrats by reason of their fear of a split when they themselves had been trying to split the union for two years. The walkout was a reaction to the provo- cative tactics of the machine—an ex- tension into the convention of the same tactics which were expressed in the expulsion policy, In other words, the left wing, after fighting for nineteen months for the Right and Left Wing in the I. L. G.'W. Convention right to belong to and wofk inside he union for the left wing program, ollowed a policy ‘which tended to rlace its followers ‘outside the union vy their own act. AD the Sigman machine made no concessions whatever, the left wing would have been compelled (by reason ‘of the fact that no way for a retreat had been prepared) to either submit under most humiliating circum- stances and come back to the conven- its followers demoralized, or to carry out the split and engage in a struggle in which it could not hope to win at this time for reasons given above. The left wing was able to avoid the continuation of the split and in this sense the Sigman machine suffer- ed a defeat, ~*~ But the consequences for the left wing for the balance of the conven- tion were very bad. Its militancy de- clined in a marked ‘degree and it made certain errors ‘for Which shaken morale, due to its iistake, was respon- sible. Organizational victory achieved to have such an éffect and altho the left’ wing had Been’ given organiza- tional concessions'it had lost prestige. It evidently felt! this and so when the question of proportional represent- ation to joint boards*came up again the left wing accepted, ‘with only a formal protest,-a ‘proposition which gave the New ‘York left wing locals proportional represéntation at the expense of the léft’ Wing in the other garment centers ‘guch’ as Cleveland, Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia. To be exact, the ‘left wing gained its point in New York; bit did not fight for the same. prinéiple in the out- lying districts, leaving them in com- way that the banker would unbend to speak to them. Now the Taipan, the banker, is in uniform, and on duty must needs speak to the gob; and the gob, pulls his wise cracks, spits succently and says, maybe, “Fellah, when | spit it bounces, get muh?” And the banker, now turned soldier, laughes and says, “Jolly well said, old deah, jolly well turn- ed, y'know?” “Yeah, lad,” returns the gob, “You said it fellah. What duh these Chinks think they are, tough or sumpin?” « Boy, the Italian, sailors, the wops, and the gobs have always been the best of friends, going on booze parties together; and even the gobs and the British bluejackets get along fine here —altho in Hangkong, the official fight- ing place for the two breeds, they bust loose and tear the town wide open when. they meet, Usually Not a Proper Animal. As is usual in peacetime, the sailor is not considered a proper animal to mix with; but now many a staid old resident has come, seen, and been WHEN PRODUCTION OUTSTRIPS MARKETS. being, have precisely this effect conquered. The gobs covered them- selves with glory no sooner had they landed. I'll tell you about it. We raided a certain Dung Dah Medical College and kicked all’ the fairly lousy and filthy imitation stu- dents out into the streets, Hank, you'd quit medicine if you saw this place where Chinese are supposed to study medicine, And the next day our | patrol pas relieved by a company of gobs who were to billet there.in order to utilize the place as a strategic point—it overlooked one of the most dangerous points along the border, the Markham road bridge. Civilization’s Messengers, No sooner had the gobs arrived than they set to work, broke out big holes in the two-foot walls, and set up scores'of machine guns and a radio installation” They sent four men up the approach of the bridge, and these men, not knowing just where the border was, walked out on the bridge and thru a line’of about thirty Chin- ese infantry with fixed bayonets, These Chinese soldiers tried to stop the wandering gobs, and one of the Chinese was promptly knocked down by the truculent gob in the lead. The pals of the Chinese thereupon brought their rifles to the ready, and the gobs, with rifles still slung, set to work with their fists and broke one jaw and sey- eral faces, Extending the Border, The rest of the gobs thereupon came running up about twenty strong, and in about three seconds the Chinese border moved fully two hundreds yards from the settlement —and there it stays today, for the Gobs refuse to let a Chinese soldier within a hundred yards of the north approach, whereupon the South approach is really the Chin- ese foreign border. The WiaoChiauPu has lodged a pro- test with the diplomatic body, saying that the foreigner has used armed force in infringing upon Chinege soil, Hell, and the commandant of the Chinese force also lodged a violent pace with the extension. of British H about a new crisis with the same cer- But if. one of the great markets suddenly becomes con- protest with the naval officer, saying that the gobs made his soldiers run away. No fooling, I was there at the time the protest came in. In fact I went on a likker party with the naval officer in command, he, I and a North China Daily News:correspondent went into Chinese territory where the Chin- ese soldiers had order to shoot uni- formed and armed foreigners on sight. Officers on a “Likker Party.” I wore civies; but carried my 45 Colt automatic, re the party got far we all were ‘wilt and wooley, and we kicked down the doors of a row of places in which lived a bunch of Soviet agents; I’Had the only gun in the party, so I used’ it im shooting thru the ceiling. The ‘Chinese soldiers and police soon appeared, but accidently I shot one round thru a window, and they soon disappeared And, left’ in’ possession of the neighborhood ‘and’ its contents, we raised hell’ tifitit’ ‘broad daylight. The Soviet ‘agents’ surely caught hell—and one big Russian beast, whom we caught in bed with a @ moment when Now the Chinese upon England.”—Karl Marx, handsome Russian woman, was glv- en three minutes to get out into the street. Boy, we were drunk, and all the stored up devilment of the ast two Weeks was breaking out; and this boy spent two of the three minutes in walla-walla, and the last minute flying down the nearly vertical stairs, with several 45 cal. bullets after him: >! He was later picked up in Shanghai and found to’ be'a general in the So- viet Red army, ‘down ‘here to stir up antiforeign feéling.’ And so, dawn came, we returned té'the seftlement, with no prisonérs}!‘three hangovers, {shattered nefvés;'"and a captured Mauser pistol ‘taken off the Russian, also a Soviet’ flag, "the same which now decorates’ thé Louza canteen, All China is Aroused! Canfon is aflathe with war; Hong- kong is in the {hroes of unrest; Tsing- tau is having One ‘hell. of a time; Peking is in rebellion and the’ petty, sham government there is about to fall; Tsinin is In grave danger, and foreigners theré are imperiled; All China is aroused! “And overnight, as usual, iti Our Hankow office turned out th force there, and as members of the volunteer units which are always maintained and equipped by the Brit- ish and’ American forces out here, used their Lewis gun in the fight there of the other day, in which ten were killed and an unknown number wounded and dying later. Our Tsinan office is barricaded with the rest of the foreigners there with the British consular compound, armed and equip- ped and supplied with three months food—awaiting the inevitable fight, Going Bolshevik? Our Canton office was evacuated the last week and the entire female po- pulation of the’ foreign colony there has fled to Honkong for safety, the men sticking to ‘fight it out if neces. sary, An Americar small gunboat there was shelled the other night, but soon silenced fire of the enemy, South China is injgrave dangor of plete control of the machine, F the left wing in the LL.G.W.U; ~ did not have in it many Commun: ists who attempt to overcome and ex- plain ‘mistakes of this kind, and ifthe Sigman machine had not been too stupid to fail to capitalize a funda- mental error of this sort, the left wing might easily have split on this issue. ' Another error was made by the left wing on the closing day ofgthe con- tion with its morale badly shaken and [vention during the elections, which ‘confirms all criticism made of cer- tain right wing tendencies, but which need not be gone into in detail here. It showed, however, in a very bald form, the remnants of a confused idea of the role of right wing leadership in the unions. N-addition to the one outstanding error in the election of officers men- tioned above, it was also apparent that the left wing had forgotten, when it came to nominations, its real func- tion as. the organizer and leader of the masses of the membership around a common program of struggle, It by following a wrdng policy is bound | failed, when making its nominations, to take advantage of this last. oppor tunity im, the convention to put fore ward its program and make clear. that ,its candidates were supported tor office, not because of good fellow: ship, but. because they endorsed and would. fight for the interests of the membership as expressed in the de- mands of the left wing contained in its resolutions. One of the important reasons for this failure was the fact that the recent crisis was still uppermost in the minds of the left wing. It had paid too high a price for its organizational concessions, (To be continued.) going Bolshevik, altho men of expé rience here have said for years that China would never go Bolshevik. She may not accept the dogmas of the Soviet, but she may easily accept their anti-foreign prattle, and that only as means to an end. The Chinese always were, and perhaps always will be, antiforeign, hating change, inert. Tientsin alone of all our offices here in China, remains active, not partici- pating in any of the trouble—simply because Tientsin is the headquarters of large bodies of American, Japanese, British, and French and Italian troops, kept there as a result of the Boxer lesson. All Oriental. Since the revolution of 1911 China has known no stable strong govern- ment, always in the throes of some inter-provincial war, always in the, grip of grasping officials—and the Chinese have never been a patriotic people, nor will they be. Conditions are against patriotism such as we know it; one hundred or more distinet tongues, a million prejudices of one provincial people against the other. ‘Yet, they are all oriental, have the intertia and oriental mind and, view- point, and consequently may act in unison against the hated foreign devil —even as they did in 1960 The Incomprehensible Native. Their demands on the Shanghai consular body are funny, preposter- ous, the products of cruelly distorted minds, the product of weak, incapable intellects. Last winter tens of thousands of Chinese refugees sought shelter within the international settle- ment from the shells and bayonets of their own soldiers; now these self- same refugees are demanding that the foreigner who was willing to lay down his life last winter to protect him should give up his settlement, let it be run by Chinese and that he should thereupon become subject to Chinese law—which is the worst mess Christ ever allowed. 1, for’ one, and every other for- eigner here, lose my temper every time | think of the utterly absurd demands made by the government, by the students, by the populace, They remind me of a bunch of boys, of-children. And with such thoughts in myomind, | set to work upon the slightest provocation, to bust Chin- ese skulls. “ Out: here, where the foreign popul- ation is infinitesimal in comparison, one must act quickly and with foree, or perish. Swoop down, spare no one, or perish. by the most excruciating of torture, I've seen the Chinese Hundred - to pieces—and I, for one, intend my share if it comes to a showdown. I sincerely hope it doesn’t. Shanghai is perfectly safe, at least we can de fend it until relief arrives, . Japan is only a day's sail from here, and help ma: ly ori there with the Japs who are only too glad to come here. Then, try to get them out, try try. Ss Driven to Bloodshed by Passivity! When next I write, old pal, much may have happened, much may have come to pass; perhaps history may be written in the next few days. Yet, on the other hand, this may drag along for weeks, for months, the pas- sive resistance of the Chinese at which they are adepts; and which resistance soon drives the foreigner mad and into bloodshed, as has hap- pened out here many a time. Write me soon, damn it, I haven't gotten a letter from you for ages, and I’m wondering what I could have done to you to cause your silence, Please forget not that I am “ Your best friend and Tsai Chien, * Cuts, I've seen prisoners nen ao to, kill ———— i it wd : © ’ | 1} ie > Tsou. .