The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 2, 1925, Page 2

————— “the court could be compelled to sanc- Page Two BATTLE OVER WORLD COURT UNAVOIDABLE } Borah Prepares to Lead Fight (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, D, C. Nov. 30.—The shadow of a great senate battle, every bit as bitter and as intensive as the memorable fight over the league of nations, began to toom today over the congress that meets next week. It involves the question of American | entrance into the world court. The leaders are worried because the bat- ue upset carefully laid plans in other directions—tax reductions, agri- cultural relief, etc. To all intents and purposes, the bat- Ue js to be a replica of the league imbroglio. The elements for and against are largely the same, the ar- guments for and against are strikingly similar, the feeling on both sides is just as intense—and the veterans of that titanic conflict remember how the whole business of congress was thrown out of gear for months while the battle raged, While surface indications point to the senate’s agreeing to join the court on the terms contained in the Harding-Hughes-Coolidge program ac- tually administration leaders are none too sangunine. Borah Will Lead Fight. Senator Wm, E. Borah, chairman of the foreign relations committee, has remained deaf to every entreaty that he abandon his intention of fighting the court to “the last ditch.” For weeks the Idaho senator has been preparing for the issue, and he has drawn to his support the same in- domitable band of league foes who overcame seemingly the same great odds in the league fight. The anti- courters found a forceful ally in Representative George H. Tink- ham, republican of Massachusetts, re- presenting the woolen industry, who altho a supporter of Pres. Coolidge in almost every other respect, differs violently with the administration's espousal of the court. Tinkham announced he would in- troduce on the opening day of con- gress a resolution providing for the establishment of an impartial interna- tional tribunal and the codification by it of international law. As at present constituted, he said, tion the French war on Syria, the Franco-Spanish war against the Riffs, and as a subscriber to the court, the United States would be morally bound to support those decisions, St. Paul Labor Has I. L. D. Conference 1. L. D. News Service. ST. PAUL, Minn., Nov. 30—Several trade union locals and workers’ fra- ternal organizations participated. in the first conference of the Interna- tional Labor Defense held in St. Paul, Minn, last week, Organizations that sent delegates are: Workmens’ Circle No, 573; Work- mens’ Sick and Death Benefit Society; Ladies Auxiliary Workmens’ Circle; Ladies Farmer-Labor Educational Club; Housewives Union No. 1; Jew- ish National Workers’ Allience; Local No, 65 National Federation of Postal Clerks; Capmakers Uunion Local No. 10; Electrical Workers No. 110; Bro- therhood of Railway Clerks No. 2068; Painters Local Union No. 61; Barbers Union No. 31; Amalgamated Clothing Workers Joint Board; Machinist No. 459; Bakers and Confectionery Work- ers and Switchmen No, 31 in addition to several branches of the Interna- tional Labor Defense. The conference decided to send a copy of the constitution of the In- ternational Labor Defense to all the unions participating inthe conference, A provisional committee consisting of the following was appointed with in- structions to issue a call for another conference in the near future at which @ permanent organization would be formed: A. B. Krenge, Painters No. 61; Nick Unger of Workmens’ Sick and Death Benefit Fund; O. L, Johm son, Electrical Workers No. 110; Fred Stienel,, Machinists No. 459 and Sam Wolfe of the International. Labor De- fense. THE DAILY WORKER U. S. GOVERNMENT LENDING ALL: AID TO BREAK THE ANTHRACITE STRIKE AND DESTROY THE UNION WASHINGTON, D. C., Nov. 30,—Unless the Lewis administration in the United Mine Workers has courage and honesty enough to launch a general bituminous coal strike that will call out not only the unionized miners, but also the non-union miners in the unorganized fields, which the union must at the same time organize and support, the union will in the next six months face a crushing defeat worse than+ they have ever experienced. What is this situation? First, the biggest bituthinous operat- ors in western Pennsylvania—Mellon, Berwind, Rockefeller and Schwab, who signed and then tore up the Jack- sonville wage contract—have put their mines on a company union basis } during the past few months, One year ago the western Pennsylvania field asked the interstate commerce com- mission to grant it lower freight rates to the New England and upper lakes market. Later, Rep. Robinson of Kentucky, a nonunion operator, was permitted by the commission—in violation of ordinary procedure—to joint the suit with a like demand for the nonunion fields of Kentucky, West Virginia and Virginia. Slemp, Coolidge’s then secretary, was a Virginia operator in this“smoke- less bituminous” group. The commis- sion in mid-September, granted lower rates to market to.the non-union fields, refused to take action on the west- ern Pennsylvania unionized field. Now the,case has been renewed with a demand for further reductions for the Kentucky~West Virginia non- union field, and for a reduction in rate for the western Pennsylvania field in which company unions have replaced regular U. M. W. A. recog- nition. Big lawyers for the Mellon- Rockefeller-Schwab-Berwind crowd are in Washington, confident that now they will get their lower freight rates, Secqnd, big anthracite operators are releasing their own coal cars for use _in the western Pennsylvania bi- tuminous field. Ivy Lee, press agent for both anthracite and bituminous operators, leaves no doubt that the an- thracite operators are encouraging the talk about a boycott of their product, They sit tight, waiting for the solid- ly-unionized miners in the anthracite field to be starved into surrender of | the union, Millions of dollars are be- ing poured by the anthracite oper- ators into the campaign of hate-pub- licity*against the U. M. W. A, Third, Herbert» Hoover, who has been credited with selecting the mem- ber of the interstate commerce com- mission who has turned the trick to subsidize the non-union coal by freight rate favors, is keeping mum. The members of the staff of the late coal commission have ‘largely been given jobs by the bituminous opera- tors. He has three men—Wadleigh, Eyre Hunt and Dewey, watching every turn in the game, and all the while he has cultivated the American Federation of Labor with his invitations for dis- cussion of “efficiency” in production of goods. Hoover is hailed by the bitum- inous operators as the business genius of the century. And steadily and quietly the encircling and crushing process closes upon the miners’ ar- ganizations, The question is: Will Lewis call a general strike? BUILDING TRADES UNIONS PAY NO HEED TO BOSSES 40-Hour Week Next Step to Win CHICAGO—(FP)—Not even the dignity of an official answer is accord- ed by the Chicago building trades council to the resolutions adopted last week by the conference in Chicago of the National Assn. of Building Trades employers. The employers resoluted against wage increases, against the 40-hour week, against the union apprentice systems and against alleged slowing up of work under un- ion rules, which in most cases safe- guard the quality and safety of con- struction work. Wage increases in Chicago come itt spite of resolutions, federal statistics show. Bricklayers have a scale of $1.50 an hour compared with $1.25 in 1920 and $.75 in 1913, Blectrical work- ers show the same increases. Painters show $1.50 for 1925, $1.25 for 1920 and $.65 for 1913. Carpenters show $1.25, $1.25 and $.65; plumbers $1.25, $1.25 and $.75 for the corresponding years. At the same time several investiga- tions have shown profits of material firms and of contractors rising out of all proportion to the wage in- creases. The 40-hour week is the next step after the 44-hour week which is now practically universal in the Chicago building trades. Though no union in the Chicago district has the 40-hour term it is being recognized, particularly for painters, in a number of contracts with employers elsewhere. With em- ployers taking weekend vacations from Friday noon to Tuesday morning a 40-hour 5-day week for actual work- ers, who are producing more now than ever before, will soon become a matter of course, The union apprentice systems guar- antee adequately trained craftsmen. The building trade schools maintained by openshop employers to turn out plasterers and plumbers in 6 weeks are ridiculed even by the bosses, whose experience with them on the job is of the never-again variety, “The association passing these reso- lutions is a national organization,” says Secy. Conroy of the building trades council, “composed of both un- jon and nonunion contractors. . We have found that our union work ad- vances best by ignoring such find- ings.” ——_ Tf you want to thoroughly an. derstand, Communism—study it. AMERICAN AVIATORS ATTEMPT TO JUSTIFY MURDER OF RIFF BABIES PARIS, Nov. 30.—Colonel Charles Sweeney and Captain Lansing Holden, members of the American mercenary Sheriffian escadrille that has mercilessly bombed Riffian villages killing hundreds of innocent ire attempting to justify their warfare on the Riffs. ‘women and babies, These mercenaries claim that uniform nor did they earn more than “moderate” pay and that they were not “baby killers.” When confronted with evidence that they had killed hundreds they did not wear the American of babies during their bombings of villages in the Morocean mountains, these hirelings fo French miperialism attempted to justify their actions by saying: “We went because we wanted to serve France. The basis of the charge that we bombed women and children was our /half- dozen’ attacks on Chechaouen, Abd-el-Krim's revictuaiment center. WE WERE ONLY ACTING ON ORDERS, AS GOOD SOLDIERS SHOULD.” TOOHEY TOURS EAST TO TELL WORKERS OF COAL MINERS’ STRIKE Pat H. Toohey, member of the National Executive Committee of the Young Workers League yand youthful leader of the striking an- thracite coal miners in Pennsyiva- will speak in the following cities on the problems that confront the anthracite miners: Youngstown, Ohio, Labor Lyceum, 307 N. Walnut St., Thursday, Dec. 3 at 8 p. m, Cardel, Pa. Cardell Hall, Friday Dec, 4, 8 p. m. Pittsburgh, Pa. Labor Lyceum, 35 Miller St., Saturday, Dec. 5 at 8 p. m. Washington, D. C., Workmen's Circle Hall, 1337 7th St. N. W., Mon- day, Dec. 7. WHITE SOUTH SHOCKED BY CONVICTION “Right” to Murder Any Negro in Danger NEW ORLEANS—(FP)—For the first time in the history of the courts of New Orleans a white man has been found guilty of the murder of a Ne- gro. Southerners stand aghast at the jury that dared render such a verdict. About a year ago Frank De Rocha, a white blacksmith entered a street car near the naval station with sev- eral companions after a night out. In a rear seat were two peaceful Ne- gro citizens, Ernest and Joseph Bap- tiste, on their way to work. De Rocha, remarking that he felt “like killing a couple of niggers this morn- ing,” drew a revolver and fired point blank. Joseph Baptiste was killed at the first shot. Ernest, the brother, begged the white man not to shoot again, wken De Rocha fired again at Ernest who died a few hours later. The state's attorney asked for a con- viction without capital punishment. Efforts are being made to appeal and carry the case to the supreme court to prevent a precedent that it is un- safe for a white man to’ kill a Negro in the south, Russian Selskosoyus Buys Sowing Materials to Improve All Crops MOSCOW, U. 8. S. R.—During the coming season the Selskosoyus will extend its work in purchasing sowing materials. According to statistics in hand, seed operations during the pres- ent year will be on a large scale, In connection with the transfer to the many field system and improved me- thods of agriculture, the domands of the peasants for seed cereals and im- proved sowings of that crops will be increased, The Selskosoyus has signed con- tracts for 500,000 rubles worth of seed cereals and 250,000 rubles worth of seed wheat. The purchase of picked seeds is conducted by the Selskosoyus thru cooperative seed rearing socie- ties and state seed farms, During the last season the Selsko- soyus granted the peasants 78,000 rubles of the profits from seed operu- tions, d , DETROIT’S RACE HATE VICTIMS GET NEW TRIAL Eight. Negro Defend- ants Out on Bail (Special to The Daily Worker) DETROIT, Mich, Nov. trial of Dr, Ossian H. Sweet and 10 co-defendants for the alleged murder of Leon F, Breiner, a:member of the mob that stoned and fired on the Sweet residence here,,has resulted in a disagreement of the jury and the granting of a new trial. After being out for over 46 hourg, the jury was discharged as it waq unable to agree. On one of the last;ballots, the jury stood 11 to 1 for Mcquittal. To Have New’ Trial. Upon the jury Wefig dismissed’ a motion was made°for a new trial, which has been set’ forthe first week in January. The défense intends to have separate trial for each of the defendants if it can~ be arranged. Eight of the 0 ope are now out on bail of $5,000 eachfand arguments will be made.on December 2 to have the remaining three—Ne@gro defendants released on bail. { Makes Eloqueng, Appeal. Dr. Sweet, whose: nye was stoned and fired upon by the#mob, in an elo- quent appeal to the jury and those present in the court-room showed the discriminations practised against the Negroes in the United States and cal- led upon those present to work for the elimination of persecutions of men because their skins are not of one shade, Klan Fosters. Prejudice. The ku klux klan, which was one of the contenders in the recent mayor- alty fight here, did all that it could to work up a prejudice against the Negro defendants and have them con- vincted of/murder in the first degree and to have them pay the extreme penalty of the law. . While the trial wag, in progress, someone set fire to Dr. Sweet's garage, Attempts were made continually thruout the entire rial to influence the jury by klansmen, who were de- termined that these Negroes, who were attacked and their lives threat- ened Dy a mob, shold hang for the alleged murder of Breimer. Attorney Denounces Horthy for Denial of ‘to Rakosi om BUDAPEST, Hungary, Nov. 30.—All reports of the human treatment of the revolutionary workerg arrested in con- nection with the Rakosi affair and about the observation ‘of the legal re- gulations on the parg of the authori- ties, which have been, spread by the government, are purg. lies. In order to calm down the protests of the in- ternational working glass the Bethlen government published, the deceptive news that Comrade Rakosi had made a statement to his lawyer to the effect that he was not in the least tortured, but on the contrary treated politely and humanly. In the telegram the name of some\ lawyer, the alleged defender of Ra- kosi, was mentioned, Now since the Hungarian hangmen have showed their true faces and have expressed their intention to try the arrested according to all rules of martial law, the defender of Comrade Rakosi, the lawyer Dr. Zoltan Lengyel (a right wing bourgeois adyocate) declares in public in all bourgeois papers that he had not yet seen or spoken to Rakosi. He protes' inst the fact that the trial will Place without he having been ablegto look into the material and he brands the fact that he is compelled toxdefend a man, whose accusation hebwill hear for the first time in the trial. From this can beiseen clearly that the Horthy bandits: intend to hang Rakosi and his commades. Soviet RussiaPlans to Develop A griculture MOSCOW, U. S. S#/A.—The people's commissariat for agriculture has de- cided to organize during the new eco- nomic year 13 factéries and 30 flax picking stations foriflax and hemp and also seed farmgrfor flax and hemp with and area of) 5,000 dessiatins. 2,600,000 rubles havdé*been granted for these enterprises, »: The finance commissariat has been able to satisfy the request of the Agricultural Bank of the Russian So- clalist Federated Soviet Republic for increasing its capital from 3,000,000 rubles to 10,000/000 rubles, The Agricultural Bank of the Rus- sian Socialist Federated Soviet Re- public proposes granting 2,000,000 rubles for the supply of agricultural machinery and 325,000 rubles for land distributon, According to a plan of the agricul- tural commissariat, 15,600 tractors to be distributed thruout the Rus- sian Socialist Federated Soviet Re- public in addition to a considerable quantity of tractor accessories. elt When that argument begins at lunch time in your shop tomor- row—show them What the DAILY WORKER says about it, 30,—The | American Workers Must Give Heed to the Plea of Porto Rican Labor By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. Olle has another cry of misery comes up out of Porto Rico, called “a military possession under the war de- partment” of the United States. If the American colonies suffered in the 18th century under the alien lash of British tyranny, as they surely did, then the endured agony of Porto Ricans today passes all understanding. If revolution was justifiable in 1776 for the colonists, then the downtrodden and bitterly exploited Porto Ricans have every cause to rebel now. pata ARE The protest of the Porto Ricans still fakes the form of petitions to Washington, D, C....It is significant, however, that it is in great part inspired bythe organizod industrial workers of the island. A petition of redress of grievances, signed by 13,000 Porto Ricans, has just been handed..'to President Coolidge, coming from jthe Free Federation of Workingmen. 4 It is merely requested that the ag appoint a com- mission to study conditions in the island and make recom- mendations to congress on improving the situation, econom- ically and politically. It is a small demand. Yet is is doubt- ful it it will be complied with. American imperialism is' quite satisfied with conditions as they exist in the nation’s ‘island dependencies, especially in Porto Rico, Hawaii and the Philip- pines. Labor organizations may be outlawed; workers seek- ing better conditions may be murdered by the forces of “law and order”; the whole population may be degraded, but all that is of no consequence as long as the absentee profiteers receive their dividends regularly, No count is kept. of the toll in blood, pain and tears. the rottenness. * * Even to investigate might expose The petition of the islanders declares: “The resources of our land are absorbed and controlled in such a form that the Porto Rican people are Practically organized and con- stituted just like a factory worked by industrial slaves.” That shows that the Porto Ricans have at least attained the beginnings of wisdom. They realize their condition. Pipe is greater progress than masses workers in the United it: ates have made. This realization of their come to them in spite of the fact that degradation has “Heavy dividends paid stockholders in the United States and Europe does not leave sufficient revenue fo r educational and health activities with the result that thousands of children die annually from anemia, tuberculosis, malaria and other diseases, and 50,000 children have been deprived of an education.” . * Let the workers and poor farmers in the state realize that this picture, presented to them by the Porto Ricans, mirrors the conditions that American exploiters would inflict on them if they could. tempting. It is what they will attempt; are at- On the island four-fifths of the working population are without permanent emplo creased the cost of living ment, per cen’ Oppressive taxes have in- - The rich dodge taxes, according to the best schemes of’Secretary of the Treasury Andy Mellon, among them the sales tax. A dictatorship ruled at the polls in last November workers. s elections, Laws prevent fraudulent elections being chal- disfranchising the lenged, even in the capitalist courts. This is the condition of the turies of suffering as colonials of Porto Ricans after four cen- a foreign imperialism. They protest against American misrule just as they fought the Spanish tyranny. Their cause is that working class, of the whole American that suffers today under the Wall Street oli- garchy. The Porto Ricans ask that the island “be consider. ed as part of the United States with the f life.” But that will not free them from must cast in their lot with the workers in complete abolition of the tion of Soviet rule that struggl Oppressed, in the colonies and WIRELESS OPERATORS STRIKE 5,000 STRONG, TYING UP MANY SHIPS LONDON, Nov. 30—Several of the largest Atlantic liners were held up Sunday in consequence of a strike of wireless operators belonging to the Association of Wireless and Cable Telegraphists, which controls nearly 5,000 wireless operators on land and sea. The strike, which was provoked by a suggestion of a reduction in wag began with the placing of pickets in the shipping offices. The strikers count on the unlikelihood of the liners being allowed to leave port at this time of the year with- out wireless operators. Professor Attacks Ban on Teaching Evolution Professor Fairchild Osborne, presi- dent of the American Museum of Natural History made a plea for a more liberal attitude toward the teach- |’ ing of evolution in the United States before the convention of the Associa- tion of colleges and secondary schools of the middle states and Maryland, being held in New York, He said the recent hysteria against the teaching of evolution was a loss to education and told of his recent Journey thru Nebraska where even in the state university a “hush” is put on the sound of the word. evolution. In the public schools the word may not be used at all. “No teacher in the whole state of Nebraska is free to be sincere,” he said, ' Storm Hits Towns in Italy. .NAPLES, Nov. 80.—A terrific storm has devastated the town of Bagnara, in Calabria, near the Strait of sina. The nearby port of Monteleone Di Calabria also Suffered heavily. The force of the storm was also felt in Sicily and the province of Calabria, ull rights of national their misery. They “the states” for the profit system and the inaugura- les for the emancipation of all in the homeland. Steel Trust Determined to “Get” Fred Merrick (I. L. D, (News Service) PITTSBURGH, Pa., Nov. 30.—Fred Merrick, a member of the Workers (Communist) Party who was indicted under the Pennsylvania sedition act in }on a charge of having distri- bu circulars announciig a May Day celebration of the Workers (Com- munist) Party will go to trial in the Alleghany county superior court at Pittsburgh on Nov. 30, Merrick is the first of nine others to stand trial. Funds are being raised by the Inter- national Labor Defense for this trial. Merrick is well known thruout Pennsylvania for his activities in the progressive wing of the, trade union movement, He served a term in the workhouse for a speech made to the Westinghouse company strikers in 1917, and another jail term previously for pul “worker violate an anti-free-speech ordinance, “Steel Trust Victim. Many local trade unionists, frankly adinit that it is their belief that Mer- pty being persecuted for his activi- ty'in efforts to unionize the workers in the citadel of the open shop move- ment, the United States steel trust, and its subsidiary coal holdings. ACTIVITIES 1 cutive Committee of the Communi: the sentencing of twelve Communi _ England, COMMUNIST PARTY TO REDOUBLE shows that the capitalist class of England encouraged by the de of the Liverpool labor party conference against the active Co ‘workers, have attempted to destroy the Communist movement in DEAD CHILEAN CAUSES BREAK - IN COMMITTEE Chile May Appeal to League of Nations (Special to The Daily Worker) BUENOS AIRES, Argentina, Nov. 30.—From the censored dispatches ar- riving from the Arica region, it ap- pears that the dead Chilean carabin- ero over whom ex-President Allesan- dri spoke in’a funeral ceremony that was a vitriolic ‘attack against the United States as a disturber and an inciter of discord, was killed at Chay- avinto in a clash between unnamed forces and Chilean boundary guards. Expose Brings Break. The sub-committee on boundaries of the plebiscite commission, broke up Friday when an expose of the clash at Chayavinto was made in a signed statement of the Chilean command- ant, Col. Louis Marchand Gonzales, published in El Pacifico. The Peruvian delegate on the boun- dary sub-committee, moved for an “in- vestigation” by the committee, which was perfectly agreeable to General Morrow, the American member. But the Chilean member, Senor Greve, feeling that the committee was pack- ed against any fair investigation, in- sisted that it had no . jurisdiction. When Morrow and the Peruvian, Col. Ordonez, voted that the. committee had the power to act, the Chilean withdrew, May Defy Monroe Doctrine, Chile claims the plebiscite is being hampered and delayed while Ameri- can troops and ships occupy the ter- ritory and the coast, and they declare that unless a plebiscite is held soon Chile will appeal to the league of na- tions. This would be a major move of diplomacy, since the United States might find itself and its nice little Monroe doctrine in a head-on col- lision witn the “interference” of the league of nations. Czar’s Victims Call on Workers to Unite Against Bourgeoisie MOSCOW, Nov. 29.-The confer- ence in Moscow of the one-time pol- itical prisoners and exiles, adopted a resolution in the name of the asso- | ciation whose members have spent a total of 10,286 years in prison in the struggle against the czar and in whose ranks are fighters of the Paris Com- mune and pioneers of the Russian re- volution, calling upon the tnterna- tional proletariat, the intellectuals and all honest people to force the bourgeois governments to cease pdl- itical persecutions, and to do every- thing in their power to save Rakosi and the other Hungarian revolution- aries from the danger of death, Soviet Union Takes Steps to Teach Trades to Young in Ukraine MOSCOW, U. 8S. S. R.—The central commission for aid to children at- tached to the all-Ukrainian central executive committee is drawing up a plan for the complete liquidation of vagrancy among children in the Uk- raine, during the next three years, It has been decided to place the children in agricultural colonies, in factories and workshops and in special juvenile homes where they will be taught han- dicraft work, and also to open ten new permanent children’s receiving sta- tions, 15 children’s homes end 16 agri- cultural colonies. Russian Soviets Plan to Build More Shops MOSCOW, Nov. 30.—In view of the fact that. we shall soon have arrived at a point when all existing factories will have been utilized to the full, it will be necessary to proceed with the construction of new factories and works in Soviet Russia. Thus, for ex- ample, in Stalingrad a tractor factory will be built with an annual output of 10,000 tractors; in the Urals a wagon factory with an annual production of 5,000 wagons; in the central indus- trial district a factory for textile ma- chines with an annual output of 6,000 weaving looms, Further, it is planned to build five large iron foundries in the various ore districts and in the Donetz territory eight new coal pits are in preparation. ~ N GREAT BRITAIN LONDON, Nov. 30—In a manifesto issued by the Central Exe- ist Party of Great Britain following ists in “Old Bailey,” the committee ions nist ' upon the Communists to redouble their activities in the trade unions, local labor parties and in the factories » In order to defeat the aims of the capitalist class of Britain R