The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 21, 1925, Page 2

Page Two. >-— CHINA UNITING AGAINST PEKING AND GEN. CHANG Tariff Conference May Collapse Completely (Special to The Daily Worker) SHANGHAI, China, Oct. 19.—When the much fussed-over nine power “tar- iff conference” meets at Peking next Monday, it may find that it is dealing with a Chinese government which has lost contro! of all the rest of China. Marshal Sun Chuan-fang, com- mander of five combined armies south of the Yangtze river, who last week routed Chang Tso-lin’s troops out of Shanghai, has continued driving them northward izing all rear guards en- countered and is even reported to have declared war against the Peking government. Toothless Tuan Out of Luck. This will be a popular war since the Pekin government, controlled by Chang Tso-lin, altho nominally direct- ed by Tuan, has shown a slavish re- gard for knuckling to the imperialist powers, in fact, the tariff conference was agreed to between Tuan and the imperialist powers on conditions hate- ful to all nationalist elements. It is quite evident that Tuan, with Chang Tso-lin controlling him, agreed with the imperialists to hold the con- ference upon the basis of the Wash- ington treaty, which limits the sub- jects to be discussed to whether or not China shall be given a small in- crease in duties. The Peking Betrayal. It is also evident that Peking agreed to this fake concession and, in addi- tion, agreed secretly to use all the power of Chang Tso-lin’s troops and caution betrayal of the nationalist movement, to crush the Canton Kuo- }mintang center of nationalism and de- liver China into the hands of her oppressors ‘more tightly bound than before. This was agreed to in ex- change for a big loan to be granted ‘Peking on the successful conclusion of the tariff conference and for the “permission”—to this puppet govern- ment—of collecting two per cent more tariff duties. The nationalist forces have succeed- ed in some measure of unifying all elements opposed to Peking against it and its servility to the imperialists. The opposition feels that mere re- vision under the existing treaties maintains foreign control over China's destinies and of her revenues. The nationalists claim that Chang Tso- lin expected to get a $20,000,000 loan out of the imperialists, which he would use to crush Canton and build his own power. Unity Against Peking. Against this threat both of nation- alist betrayal and of subjection by Chang Tso-lin of all the more or less independent military governors, the nationalists and some of the military leaders appear to have united against Peking. General Feng Yu-hsiang, the “chris- tian general,” now stationed at Kal- gan, Marshal Sun Chuan-fang, whose armies are sweeping Chang Tso-lin’s troops out of the territory south of the Yangtze, General Hsiao Yao-nan of the province of Hupeh, to the west of Shanghai, and former president Wu Pei-fu, who was left in the lurch by the imperialists for their favorite Chang Tso-lin, all are more or less joined against Peking and with them the rulers of all Chinese provinces except the extreme northwest. Conference May Collapse. This combined force gathering against Peking on the eve of the tariff conference bids no bright future for the imperialists, the Peking govern- ment and Chang Tso-lin. Chang is apt to be driven north clear to Tsien- tsin, the Peking government with the imperialist delegates to be nicely iso- lated in the northwest corner with all China against it and the confer- ence to blow up entirely, American imperialism, seeking to Save its own interests and to advance them if possible, while Britain and Japan are in bad odor, has cautiously issued an intimation that it would re- Serve right of independent action in case the conference reached an im- passe. imperialists Worried. This hag thrown shivers of distress into British and Japanese diplomacy, for fear America is going to take the role of playing up friendship to new China, thus leaving England and Jap- an to weather the storm of Chinese antagonism as best they may, with more and more of their trade in China lost to American business. The Chinese are continuing to boycott the “judicial inquiry” the powers decreed for the Shanghai mas- sacres. They take no part, and only one side of the case is heard, the Chinese stating that China will not recognize the verdict, whichever side it favors. Bad For Oppressors. But even with the testimony limited to police and officials, the evidence shows the higher officials at fault and this will not aid the imperialists at all. In fact, it damages them. ‘The Chekiang forces which occu- pled Shanghai, are welcomed by stu- dents and labor bodies and except for | troop movements, the situation is ’ without disorder and affairs are run- - ning smoothly. Pf you want to thoroughly un- nd Communism—study it. daily, would make minutes, GANTON GOVERNMENT LEADER WELCOMED TO | MOSCOW BY BIG GROWD | (Special to The Daily Worker) MOSCOW, Oct. 19.—Soviet Rus- sia today pald high tribute to Khu Khan Min, generalissimo of the Can- tonese army, who arrived here for a four-months’ visit to study the Soivet system of government, Khu Khan Min was accompanied by Li Ven Van, general secretary of the Canton government, Tsi Kho Tung, general war secretary of the Canton government and a full staff. Five thousand persons and a guard of honor of red troops were at the station to greet the Cantonese leader, J, LOUIS ENGDAHL SPEAKS ON LEFT ACTIVITY IN UNION Pittsburgh Workers Re- new Fight (Special to The Dally Worker) PITTSBURGH, Pa., Oct. 13,—Re newed activities to organize the left wing in the local labor movement un- der the leadership of the Trade Union Educational League resulted from the enthusiastic mass meeting’ addressed here by J, Louis Engdahl, editor of The DAILY WORKER, speaking on the convention of the American Fed- eration of Labor just adjourned at At- lantic City. Engdahl stressed the need of the organization of the unorganized show- ing that little would be done in this direction by the present regime in the American Federation of Labor and this was really the task of the left wing. Fear Unorganized Workers. “The Greens, the Wolls, the Dun- | cans and the Lynches in the Ameri- can Federation of Labor fear the or- ganization of the unorganized, be- cause it will bring new masses of workers into the unions whom they fear they cannot control,” said Eng- dahl. (Continued from page 1) icali amd generally dangerous charac- ter. |And the average reader of the Tribune ‘was not surprised that he should be thus described. His indus- trial tactics were dssumed to be gen- erally dangerous to the prestige of the vested interests, UT Henry Ford sued the Tribune publishers for damages. In the trial, at Mt. Clemens, Mich., he was shown to be unusually deficient in in- formation on certain subjects. On the witness stand he was asked to iden- tify Matthew Arnold. Ford confused him with Benedict Arnold. Matthew Arnold, he said, was a famous traitor to the United States in the revolu- tionary war. And the conventionally educated, industrially reactionary mil- lionaires, with the journalist-propa- gandists of like minds, laughed heart- il at him. In spite of his spectacular successes as a manufacturer, Ford of the peace-ship and Ford the “anarch- ist” was ridiculed as an exotic growth among the lilies and other conven- tional “cut flowers” of the field. HERE were more important points of differences between Henry Ford and the other class A industrialists. Ford was short on the usual run of factory thugs, known as guards, watchmen or detectives on the pay roll and was long on factory welfare workers. He introduced the minimum wage of $5 a day at a time when it was startling to have it put suddenly in effect on such a, large scale. Such methods were alarming to the other industrialists, who didn’t see their way clear to follow him in his inno- vations. He slashed prices on his automobiles at embarrassing mo- ments, moreover. And it was ‘his habit to speak frankly for publication on such delicate but fundamental mat- ters as the gold exchange, the housing problem in industrial districts, the eight-hour. day, the five-day week and shop hazzards, H® was no oridnary wolf. He was a lone wolf and as in the case of Red Riding Hood's wolf he. was more dangerous because in disguise. “He didn’t run with the pack. He was hardly ever seen at the board of com- merce. He was feared and disliked by his competitors who were organ- ized in the employers’ association of Detroit, the board of commerce and the Michigan manufacturers’ associa- tion. Ford was faced with failure in 1921 and needed millions of dollars at once, But none of those other men, magnates of another tradition, shed tears for him. And no one would lend him money. There seemed to be @ conspiracy against him. The old guard was out to “get” him. But Ford didn’t shed any tears either, Instead he shortened the economic distance between mine and mill and between mill and dealef, He sped up the as- sembly line.\, Assembly lines and other fixtures are now so arranged that no employe in the shops bends over in an operation. He isn’t permit. ted to waste that fraction of a second which, repeated hundreds - of times OS on SAE AA on ae es nama Ford-Pacifist Turned Imperialist = SOOLIDGE GETS SLAP IN FACE ON PEACE PLEA French Roast American Militarism “(pecial to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, D. C,, Oct. 19— President Coolidge’s suggestion to the European nations at the conclus- & ion of the Locarno conference that they assemble here in the near fu- ture for another disarmament confer ence received a slap in the face from €uropean nations. * The suspicion is widely prevalent here that in the negotiations at Lo- earno there was a quiet agreement among the powers not to participate any more armament conferences Called by the United States, but to Consider such conference exclusively within the jurisdiction of the league of nations. Government Embarassed, ‘The contemptous rejoinder of the spokesmen of French imperialism to the White House suggestion was dis- finetly shocking to the down east Yankee, and he tried to conceal. his visible embarassment by falling back upon his tawdry stock of puritanical platitudes, On Mr. Coolidge’s behalf, it was said today, he has no desire to force an arms conference upon Europe if Europe does not want one. Neither, it was said, will the United States be put in the “undignified” position of “bidding” against the league’ for the production. It’ was emphasized from the White House today that the American position is now, as it has always been, one of unselfishness in promo- tion of the theory of armament reduc- tion. It means, officials said, more to impoverished Europe than it does to the United States, separated as we are by two wide oceans from poten- tial trouble. The DAILY WORKER sub- scription list is a Communist honor roll. Is your name on it? The millions of dollars the Ford Motor company needed were sweated out of the bodies and minds of 160,- 000 workers. The situation was saved thru the most ruthlessly cold-blooded and methodical application of sensate human beings to insensate machinery and raw iron ever attempted since capitalism was initigted in revolution more than a century ago. Any other organization would have collapsed under similar circumstances, This maneuver demonstrated better than anything else the independence f the Ford Motor company insofar as a cap- italist can be independent under capi- talism. ORRESPONDINGLY independent was the Ford acquisition of coal mines in Kentucky and West Vir- ginia, ‘iron mines in the Upper Pen- insula of Michigan and a railroad and vessel line. His own railroad and vessel line now carry his own basic minerals to a private dock siding and dock within reaching distance of thé very cranes that feed the blast fur- naces at River Rouge. In fact within the capitalist system the Ford Motor company has built a relatively autonomous structure that is distinct from any other of its size. ursuant to this policy was the event- ual centering of all the original stock of the company in the Ford family. Edsel B, Ford, succeeding his father as president in 1919, purchased the remaining 41% per cent of stock then outstanding, The company was then reorganized, July 9, 1919, with an authorized capi- taJization of $100,000,000 and a charter to manufacture automobiles, trucks, tractors, aircraft, internal combustion engines, ships, locomotives and all al- lied products, NE hundred and five acres are now der roof at the parent plant at Highland Park, The plant area at River Rouge is 1,100 acres. At River Rouge are blast furnaces, foundry, coke ovens, machine shops, tractor plant, saw mill, cement plant, glass factory, body plant, locomotive repair shops, more than a mile of dock front- age and storage bins with a total ca- pacity of 2,000,000 tons for iron ore, coke and limestone, Manufacturing units in the United States are operated at Kearney, N. J., Hamilton, O., Green Island and Pough- Keepsie, N, Y., Glassmere, Pa, St. Paul, Minn., and in Michigan at Pheo- nix, Waterford, Northville, Plymouth, Nankin Mills and Iron Mountain. A saw mill and body plant at Iron Moun- tain are on a timber tract of 455,000 acres, The Ford coal reserve is esti- mated at 600,000,000 tons, At Pough- keepsie are manufactured the Johans- son gauges, a standard system for con- rolling mechanical measurements, purchased with sole American manu- facturing rights in 1928, At Dearborn are the Ford engineering laboratory and the publishing plant of the Dear- born Independent,—Ford’s weekly magazine,—in addition to hundréds of acres of wheat, oats and fruit land and Ford's home, (To be continued.) ‘ ASLO sea Yat THE’ DAILY WORKER , tf o 1 peut t —— They Didn’t Talk Organizubaa of Auto Workers “The Fat Boys” at the American Federation of Labor, wake up in time to applaud the German delegate who drones: “Communism is the religion of the starving.” That's right, old boy! Fat people. don’t need Communism. An Infant Giant---The Auto Industry By EARL R. BROWDER. - the past twenty years there has sprung up a new industry in America which has become a verit- able young giant—the automobile in- dustry. ‘While in 1900 onl¥ 5,000 mo- tor vehicles were produced in the United States, and in 1905 only 25,000, yet by 1924 the production had in- creased to 3,617,602 vehiclés. In this latter year the shipmént of automo- biles from the factories driounted to 740,578 carloads (figures 6f the Amer- ican Railway Association), being the third largest item of railfoad freight, exceeded only by petroletini products, and iron. The automobile industry thus presents one of the big problems before the labor movement. A first step toward meeting’ this problem is to know its scope, ahd the measure of forces thaf‘must be dealt with. [Bike of Industry. HE number of directly em- ployed in connection with auto- mobiles Has''béén estimated at 2,893,- 563.* This dneludes factory workers, tire workers, dealers and salesmen, garage employes, repait shop work- ers, chauffeurs, truck drivers, etc. Of this number we are ‘directly con- cerned only with the Wage worekrs engaged in the production of motor vehicles, bodies, and pafts: The to- tal number of such workers in 1923 (Biennial Census of Manufacturers) was 404,886, which wai ‘an increase from 212,777 in 1921, otfly two years before. In this brief sface of time, automobile manufacturing almost doubled its number of “workers. The product of these workers ranks first in gross value of Wf industries in the United States, being, in 1923, more than 3 billion dollars, slightly more than’ the total for steel works and rolling mills, and much higher than the industries which follow— slaughtering and meat packing, foundry and machine shops, cotton goods, petroleum, etc. Production in 1925 continues to in- crease over last year, being 6 per cent more for the first eight months of this year than for the same period last year, and larger than in 1923. The industry is still expanding. It is mot necessary, to pay much attention; to automobile production outside of the United States because it 1s comparatively . negligible in quantity. America produces approxi- mately nine-tenths of the world’s au- tomobiles, and uses §3 per cent of them. Of the total of 21,264,752 motor vehicles in the world. in 1924, 17,591,- 981 were in the U. S#a ratio of one ear for every six persons. In 1924 there were 464,241 cars exported to other countries, as against only 604 imported. t e Ae The Motor.Plants HE U. 8. Census 6f Manufactures divides the industry into two main sections: motor vehftles and motor bodies and parts, The first named contains the heart of 'the industry. In 1923 there weré” 241,356 wage workers directly engaged in these mo- tor production plant#, ‘The average earnings per worker were $1,680 per year, or approximately $32 per week. These workers are employed in 351 different establishments. Only 140 of them are of any size, however, em- ploying 87.5 per cent of all the work- ers. Of these 140 larger establish- ments, each producing more than one million dollars valué per year, the most important, overshadowing all others, are the General Motors and Ford. Approximately half’of the industry (by volume of valueg) is concentrated around Detroit, Mich,’ The number of workers in Detroit “ts about 60 per *When not otherWise specified, fig- ures are those of the National Auto- mobile chamber of ee See hall also, So co cent of the total. Ohio is the next largest producer with a little over 10 per cent. Indiana and New York produce about 7 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. It is thus clear that the problem of. the automobile industry is before all a problem in Detroit, Michigan. , Concentration of Capital. Cr the automobile industry is a prob- lem concentrated in Detroit, then Detroit is a problem of Ford and the General Motors Co. How these two great producing;units stand in rela- tion to the industry as a whole is seen by comparing the ten leading companies, by value of plant, total as- sets and accumulated surplus (from Wall Street Journal, June 16, 1924) as follows: workers, Conlon asks, “The tool room is the heart of the Plant,” Conlon declares. “If our men were to strike, they could tie up the whole works within six or seven weeks, because the plant has to have 1 by Mes Our men get the best wages, aiid their conditions are not so bad as the unorganized who comprise the (tegular productive force. “But craft lines have been wiped out by ithe machine processes in these Plants. Each man does one simple thing, over and over. It amounts to common labor, plus a few days of training, There is no feeling of craft Skill there. Instead, there is a great crowd of men, who, if they ever pro- test, will protest all at once, regard- Plant Total Assets Surplus General Motors $276,576,056 . $593,123,717 $120,699,299 eee 87,689,443 568,101,639 442,041,081) Studeb: 52,472,636 * 122,424,280 34,533,734 Willys Overlan 27,210,768 67,326,473 13,002,418 Maxwell . 15,507,462 58,725,752 es Ss Packard .. 21,626,916 54,936,771 8,676,024 Nash ersnere «4,969,330 37,320,392 8,793,687 Hudson weeeeeeee 10,050,272 27,386,747 9,459,979 Hupp ... - 7,902,613 22,359,244 9,393,938 Chandler 3,282,711 13,938,880 4,003,195 In the total assets of one and one- half billion dollars of these ten cor- porations, Ford and General Motors hold more than one-third each (more than half a billion dollars apiece). Of the total number of cars pro- duced, Ford is responsible for more than half. In 1922, out of a total production of 2,659,064, Ford pro- duced 1,351,333; General Motors (pro- ducing larger and higher priced cars) produced in that year 456,763 cars. The two firms together produced more than two-thirds of all cars pro- duced in. the. United States. The Problem of Unionization. Toe tremendous industry is run on the “open shop” basis, and is bit- terly hostile to labor union organiza- tion. With its tremendous resources, and its extremely resourceful and militant management, it has easily de- feated all efforts of the moss-backed bureaucrats at the head of the Ameri- can Federation of Labor, to organize the workers. The reactionary labor “leaders” have openly recognized this fact. P. J. Conlon, head of the organization de- partment of the Machinists’ Union, de- clared publicly just before the A, F. of L, Convention (see Locomotive En- gineers Journal, October 1925, page 745); that he and his fellow bureau- crats give ip the job of unionizing the automobile workers, and said they were prepared to “Let Foster do it.” The report says: “Ford Plant Jurisdiction Offered to Foster. “Let Foster do it! This is the conclusion reached by P. J. Conlon, oldest of the executives of the Machin- ists’ Union and ranking vice president, after years of study of the Detroit auto industry. Craft unions are im- potent to organize men who have no crafts, Conlon admits. Now why doesn’t Foster, head of the Workers Party, or the I, W. W. or the One Big Union, go into Detroit and prove their oft-repeated claims that only indus- trial unions can organize the Ford Mayakovsky’s Last Appearance in Chicago Viadimir Mayakovsky, the famous Russian poet, will speak for the last time in Chicago tonight at 8 p. m., at Schoenhofen Hall, Milwaukee Ave. and Ashland Blvd., at 8 p,m, “If you have not heard him this is your last chance. Altho the hall holds over a thousand a bigger crowd than even that is ex- pected. The enthusiastic crowd that wildly cheered ‘Mayakovsky at his last lecture is ex less of advice from experienced lead- ers, and they will develop a sort of revolutionary fury. “I would say that Detroit and Pitts- burgh are the two cities in this coun- try where the chance of revolution- ary strikes ig greatest. When those moyéments do come, they will make the country up to the industrial mean- ing of quantity production. “Conlon thinks the machinists and the A. F. of L, will be quite willing to hand over the job in Detroit to ‘any of these radicals that think they can organize the proletariat that is out of the craft unions.’” From all of which it is clear that everyone recognizes-that only the left wing, with the Communists in the lead, hag the energy, the intelligence, and the devotion, necessary to bring the power of the automobile workers into play in the general struggles of the working class or even to make or- dinary trade unionists of them. Send for a catalogue of all Com- munist literature. | CHICAGO LABOR WILL PROTEST AGAINST HORTHY Protest Rakosi Hang- ing at Meeting Tonight The workers of Chicago are urged to attend the protest meeting to be held at the Prudential Hall, North Ave, and North Halsted St., Tuesday evening, October 20, at 8 o’clock and raise their protest against the at- tempted legalized murder of Mathias Rakosi for his devotion to the work- ing class of Hungary and against the persecution of the Communists in Hungary. * Expose Hungarian Conditions The International Labor Defense which is calling the protest meeting has arranged to have David Rhys Williams for chairman, James P. Can- non of the International Labor De- fense to speak in English and R. Sauser to speak in Hungarian. These speakers will tell of the conditions that the workers of Hungary have been laboring under Mince the advent of the Horthy regime which was brought into power thru the actions of the present American se- cretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover, who at that time was in charge of relief work in Austria and Hungary. ‘The International Labor Defense is. attempting to secure a number of other brilliant speakers for the pro- test meeting. . Calls For Protests In conjunction with the announce- ment of this meeting the Chicago sec- tion gf the International Labor De- fense also calls upon the workers to introduce resolutions into the unions and other organizations they may be- long to protesting the attempted legal- ized murder of Mathias Rakosi and the frame-up trial of 100 Hungarian workers for their membership in the Commynist Party of Hungary. 4 Labor Bank yee Is ‘Trying to it Workers’ Official An attempt led by Duane Swift, re- negade Communist and conscientious objector who turned respectable and is now publicity director and new business getter of the Amalgamated Trust and Savings Bank, Jackson Blvd.) and Clark St., and also vice- president of the Bank Clerks’ Union to oust J. Shafir from the presidency of the Bank Clerks’ Union for intro- ducing. the resolutions favoring re- cognition of Soviet Russia, world trade union unity and against class collaboration in which labor banks were scored, and for his membership in the Workers Party, was made known by members of the Bank Clerks’ Union to a representative of the DAILY WORKER. In an interview with Duane Swift, he stated that no action would be taken against Shafir, if Shafir would resign from the presidency of the Bank Clerks’ Union. He thus intima- ted that if Shafir did not resign, act- ion would be taken. J. Shafir, president of the Bank Clerks’ Union, in an interview with the DAILY WORKER representative, denies rumors that are being circu. lated quoting him as saying that he would resign, Storm Warnings Issued, Northwest storm warnings were or- dered displayed by the weather bu- reau today on the Great Lakes, ex- cept on western Lake Superior and the western and extreme southern portions of Lake Michigan. T.U. E. L. GENERAL MEETING THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22, TO HEAR REPORT ON A. F. OF L. CONVENTION AT ATLANTIC CITY . The regular general meeting of the Chicago Trade Union Educational League will be held Thursday, Oct. 22, at 8 p, m. in Northwest Hall, corner of North and Western Aves, J. Louis Engdahl will speak on “The A. F. of L. Convention and the Left Wing Movement.” This subject is of great importance to all left wing trade unionists. The Green administration has shown it- self to be just as subservient to cap- italism as the late Gompers was. This convention is of importance be- cause A, A. Purcell, fraternal delegate from -the British Trade Union Con- gress, raised the issue of world trade union unity and support for Soviet Russia, The action of Green in re- pudiating the movement for trade union unity does not settle the mat- ter. The convention served as a sounding board to acquaint the Amer- ican workers with the need of inter- national trade union unity, and this issue will grow more important in the near future. All left wing and progressive trade unionists are invited to this meeting, Besides the main speaker there will be time for questions and discussion. 7 Burned th Yonkers’ Fire. A) . NEW YORK, Oct. 19.—A fire in.a tenement district of Yonkers. which broke out early in the morning im- periled the lives of many, seven he- ing seriously burned and taken to the - age the young men of Great “real chanacter of the HEIR OF BRITAIN’S THRONE BECOMES A FEMALE IMPERSONATOR LONDON, Oct. 19—Photographs ‘of the prince of Wales dressed as a flapper have aroused a storm of protest here, The photographs were taken when the prince played the female leade in a playlet given on the papules enroute from South Amer- ica. Staunch old timers, who have been bewailing the fact that the younger generation of Englishmen is not sufficiently virile, declare | that pictures of the prince in the clothes of a woman do not encour in to sterner manners, tert It is understood that Bucking- ham palace is not pleased t publication of the picture: ing they are hardly in kee ing with royal dignity, and may. expose the prince,