The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 17, 1925, Page 12

o? MEMORIAL PUBLICATION OF RUSS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REVEALS RESEARCHES OF EARLY SAVANTS MOSCOW, October 16.—From a memorial publication prepared by the Russian Academy of Sciences for its 200th amniversray we take the follow- ing data about the contributions of Russian academicians to world science in the domain of mathematics, physics and chemistry. Founder of Mathematics. The first mathematicians of the Academy of Sciences, Leonard Biler, was one of the principal founders of physics. “works has salready been working about 20 years, but has not yet pub- lished a half of his researches. The complete edition of his works will make about 50 volumes of 1,000 pages each, The work began by Eiler was con- tinued by Daniel Bernulli. Mathe- matics, mathematical physics, and partictlarly hytrodynamics, are still under the influence of his remarkable researches. Suffice it to mention that the Paris Academy of Sciences had ten times awarded him the prizes for | the best researches in mathematics and, physics. * The first scientific treatise on the theory of the motion of fluids belonged to Daniel Bernulli. Peasant Becomes Scientist. A contemporary and then a succes- sor of Hiler was the famous Michael Lomonosov, the son of a peasant fish- erman, whose prolific researches could be fully appreciated only after the lapse of a century or more. The French physicist Lavoisier used to be considered as the creator of modern chemistry; but the famous “Law of the Conservation of Matter” was discovered and demonstrated by Lomonosov 17 years before Lavoisier, while Lomonosov’s experiments proved far more convincing than those of Lavoisier in demonstrating the aforesaid law. vor Modern Chemistry Gets Impetus. Thus, the foundations of modera chemistry were laid by the Russian peasant, Michael Lomonosov. From his works it may also be seen that he knew already the law of the con- servation of energy, subsequently dis- covered by Myer and Helmhols. Lomonosov’s works containea also _an outline of the fundamentals of modern physical chemistry. The in- troduction of weights in chemistry, was done by Lomonosov 20 years be- fore Lavoisier. The basic ideas of the modern me- chanical theory of heat were express- ed by Lomonosov and it was only a centry after his death that they were developed. Electricity Experiments. The first experiments in electricity, then recently discovered by Franklin, were also made by Lomonosov, who discovered the effect of ascending and descending currents upon the develop- - ment of electricity in the atmosphere, pointing out their importance in me- terology. He was first in appreciat- ing the importance of lightning-con- ductors and in expressing the idea of the aurora borealis being due to elec- trical force. He began a great work V. A. STEKLOV Vice-Pres, of the Academy of Science | houses. . Viestnik, Workers’ House, modern mathematics, and partly of Mita 2,9) Celebrating the Unity of Science With the Masses “SCIENCE BELONGS TO MASSES,” IS TOLD WORLD SCIENTISTS AT ' 200th ANNIVERSARY OF ACADEMY LENINGRAD, September 6—(By Mail.)——-The solemn sitting of the Aca- demy of Sciences in the presence of about two hundred foreign scientists, diplomatic representatives of foreign countries and members of the Soviet government with Kalinin, president of the central executive committee of the Soviet Union, at their head, took place today, The ceremony was opened with the “International” played by the band of the philharmonic society and “Solemn Overture” under the conductor- aus aN ye wie Real ad | Soe eS a Soe ae . General view of the Academy of Science of the U. S. S. R. at Leningrad. on The Theory of Electricity treated in mathematical terms. Freezing of Gases. Lomonosov was first in observing the hardening of quicksilver and in determining its freezing temperature. He was also first in suggesting that the air arid the gases in general may be converted into a Jiquid state by cooling and increased pressure, it was also Lomonosov who estab- lished the geographical department, thus laying the foundation for the study of the country. Nearly the whole of the basic Russian scientific terminology was created by Lomono- sOvV. ‘ Celebration Sunday in Chicago for U.S.S.R. Academy of Science The 200th anniversary of the Academy of Science of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics will be celebrated on Sunday, Oct. 18, at 1 p. m., at Schoenhofen Hall, Milwaukee Ave. and Ashland Blvd. There will be speakers and a musical program. Admission 25 cents! The following Russian organizations will participate in the celebration: The Federation of Children’s Schools, Independent Peoples Society, Society for Technical Aid to U. S. S, R., Work- ers’ Mutual Aid Society, the Co-op- erative Society, Women’s Progressive Mutual Aid Society, White Russian Peoples Society, Worker Correspond- ents of Novy Mir, Chicago Russky Russian Branch of the Workers Party, Russian Branch of International Labor De- fense. é Board of Education Plans to Establish Provincial Theaters MOSCOW, Oct. 16-—According to the board of education investigation in Moscow there are 344 theatres, clubs and moving picture houses. in the city for the entertainmegt and education of the workers, There are jenough of these institutions to pro- vide accomodations for 75,000 daily. The board intends to close some of the theaters and send them into the provinces and in the places left va- cant by the theatrical troupes, they are to establish moving _ picture M. KARPINSKY President of the Academy of Science Education Budget of Soviet Growing, Says Lunacharsky Speech MOSCOW, Sept. 12—(By Mail)— Lunacharsky, people’s commissary of education, addressing the Academy of Sciences recalled that moment when just in the beginning of the revolu- tion of Nov. 7, the academy being faithful to the spirit of the time de- clared its readiness to work on scien- tifie problents jointly with the Soviet government. Lunatcharsky noted the public zeal in the Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics towards education and point- ed out that the reconstrnction of the country requires.energetic collabora- tion of science and the government. Refering to the careful attitude of authorities towards scientific. men, Lunacharsky quoted Lenin, who gave an idea of creating the state planning committee where Russian non-partisan scientists. are working hand in hand with representatives of the govern- ment, In conclusion, Lunatcharsky men- tioned that the budget of the com- missariat of education is rapidly growing and soon will surpass ex- penses of other commissariats. If you want to thoroughly un- The -international commission engaged in the publication of his} ship of the famous composer Mr. Glazunoff. Sclence Belongs to the Masses, After a speech of welcome by. Mr, Marpinsky, president of the academy, the word was given to Kalinin who said that the academy had rendered immense service to the world, which is proved by the presence of so many prominent foreign representatives of science. “But the academy could not approach the people’—said Comrade Malinin—"because conditions before the revolution made it impossible. The revolution changed it absolutely, having overthrown the former state of affairs. The academy must now ap- proach the broad masses of the peo- ple which, after the revolution, have developed a power of self-conscious- ness.” Professor Oldenburg, permanent secretary of the academy, in his speech spoke of different phases, thru which the academy had to pass dur- ing long years of its existence. He described how the academy suffered during the war, and said that the present regeneration of the academy was due to the assistance of Mr, Len- in and his successors, who honestly and justly fulfilled their duty towards the highest scientific institutions in the country. New Institutes. i The following new institutions and : sections were established in the acad- emy: Physico-mathematical] institute, chemical institue, platinum institute, institute of physico-chemical analysis of the soil, philogical institute, and Caucasian history and archeological institute.. All museums of the acad- emy were widened and had received better premises. In conclusion, Mr. Oldenburg expressed confidence that the present meeting of foreign men of science with Seviet scientists will setve as a pledge of a co-orcrative sci- entific work, In the end, Mr. Steklov, vice-presi- dent of the academy, announced that there were received altogether over 1,500 telegrams, addresses and letters of welcome from various countries of the world. ; Fraternity with Peoples. — Comrade Lunacharsky, people’s commissar’of education speaking in four languages, declared that revolu- tion “and science have one common goal—the truth. Many national dip- lomatic representatives spoke, as did scientists and professors from several countries, all stressing the fraternity of scientists of the world with the Russian peoples. Professor Betson of England said he felt proud of his membership in the academy. S. F. OLDENBURG ~ derstand Communism—study it,/ Secretary of the Academy of Science Sins » ——E ne 7; AR a PD 20 PCMRIE BE tL