The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 17, 1925, Page 10

. te IK HAIL VASSILIBVITCH FRUNZE. was born in 1885, at Pischpek, the chief town of the dis- trict of Semirechinsk (Republic of Turkestan.) His father, a Russian Moldov, was a peasant from the dis- trict of Zakharievsk, in the govern- ment of Odessa; his mother was a peasant from Voronesh. After his father finished his term Of military service in Turkestan, he bed@me a hospital attendant in the municipa] service. Frunze began his studies in a pri- mary school, subsequently entering the college of Vierny (now Almata), where he proved an excellent student. His father having died, leaving the family in. poor circumstances, the young Mikhail at the age of twelve took to giving private lessons.as a means of. livelihood. Entering the Polytechnic Institute of St. Petersburg (now Leningrad) in 1904, Frunze began to take part in the revolutionary movement, working first in the student circles, then in the workers’ circles, as a social-democrat. He took part in the November demon- strations in St; Petersburg, which led to his arrest and subsequent expul- sion from the capital. T the™beginning of 1905, Frunze worked. in Moscow, then in the Ivanovo-Voznessensk factory in Vladi mir. During the party split into men sheviks and Bolsheviks, Mikhail de- liberately took the side of the Lenin- ists. In December, 1905, he took part in the insurrection at Moscow. In 1906, as a delegate from the party committee of Voznessensk, he partici- pated in the Third and Fourth Con- gresses of the party at Stockholm. In 1907, he was arrested at Chovia, where he had been working under the name of Arsene, and sentenced to a long term of imprisonment. Brot be- fore the magistrates for belonging to By N. LENIN, In every part of the civilized world the intensest enmity and hate among the intenset enmity and hate among bourgeois scientists (official and li- beral alike), who’ regard Marxism as a kind of “harmful sect.” It is im- possible to expect them to take up any other attitude, for there can be no “impartial” social science in a state of. society based on class war- , fare. Both official and liberal science seek by one means or another to de- fend wage slavery, while Marxism de- clares ruthless war against this slay- ery. To expect impartial science in a state of society based on wage slav- ery;,issas naively foolish as to expect impartiality from factory owners in the question of whether it would not be advisable to. raise the. wages of the workers by means of reducing the profits of the capitalists. But this is not all. The history ‘of philosophy, and the history.of social science, show .with perfect clearness that there is nothing in. Marxism re- sembling a hard-and-fast stereotyped teaching, taking its rise in some back- water apart from the main stream of the evolution of international civiliza- . tion, The -direct contrary, is the. case, ee for the genius of Marx consists in the fact that he replied to. questions which ;had already. heen put, by the advanced. thought of. mahkinu. His teaching. followed as an immediate . continuation of the teaching ‘of the . greatest representatives of philosophy, of political economy, and of socialism. 1. MIKHAIL FRUNZE Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army See the social-democratic party, he was accused. of having offered armed re- sistance to the police, and sentenced o four years hard labor, Condemned to Death; Prison; Escape. After being tried five times in con- nection with this affair, during which two verdicts declared for the death penalty, Frunze was finally condemn- ed to an additional six years’ hard labor. He sefved five and a half years in the central prison of Vladimir, then for two years in the prison \of Nikolaev, and finally in the Alexan- drovsk prison. Liberated in 1915, but sent to the district of Verkholensk in ° Irkutsk, Frunze was soon arrestéd again for slander it, and have defended every imaginable variety of philosophical idealism, invariably ending in the defense or support of religion. Marx and Engels defended philoso- phical materialism with the utmost energy, and were never weary of fm- phasising the fundamental incorrect- ness of any deviation from this prin- ciple. Their views are stated with clarity and detail in Engels’ works: “Ludwig Feuerbach” and “Antiduhr- ung,” books which—like the “Com- munist Manifesto”’-——-are among the text books of every class _conscious worker. But Marx did not stop.at the mate- rialism of the 18th century; ne. car- ried philosophy further. He enriched it with. the result of classic German philosophy, especially that of Hegel’s system, which again led to the mater- ialism of Feuerbach, .The most im- portant of these results is to be found in dialectics, that is, in the doctrine of evolution in its completest and deepest aspect, free from one-side- ness; in the theory of the relativity of human knowledge, mirroring for us the unending development or matter. The latest discoveries of natural science -- raditim, eléctronés, trans- mutation of chemical elements—have afforded a brilliant “confirmation of | Matx’ dialectical “whaterialism as op- | gosed to the teaching of ‘bourgeois philosophers, with their “new” retreats into old and decaying idealism. In deepening and developing philo- sophical materialism, Marx carried it through to its ultimate end, and extended his knowledge of nature to The philosophy of Marxism is mate-| knowledge of human society. - rialism. During the whole course of the more recent history of Europe, ' and especially in France at the end of the 18th century, at the time of the decisive struggle against all the relics of mediaevalism, and against. feud.-|, alism in institutions and ideas, mater- jalism proved to be the sole’ consist- ent philosophy, true to all the teach- ings of the natural. seiences, hostile to superstitions, to hypocrisy etc. The enemies of democracy have therefore exerted their utmost efforts to ‘‘con- fute” materialism, to undermine and 3 The historical materialism of Marx has proved to be the greatest achiev- ement of scientific thought. The chaos and arbitrariness which had hitherto prevailed in the conception of history oy politics have been replaced by astonishingly consistent and well- constructed scientific Shoory, show- ing how -the growth of productive forces causes one system of social life to develop into another and higher system—how, for instancé, capitalism grows out of feudalism, — Just as the knowledge of mankind / creating an organization of the de- portees, _He succeeded, however, in escaping, and towards the end of 1915, turned up at Chita under the illegal name Of Vassilenko. Here he collaborated on the editorial staff of the Bolshevik weekly, The Oriental Review. Discovered by the police, he escaped into European Russia, where, under the name of Mikhailov, he en- tered the Pan-Russian Union of Zem- stvos, and worked on the western front until the revolution of 1917. During his sojourn: at the front he spent hig time principally working to | create revolutionary oreaainhions in the czarist army. FTER the revolution of February, 1917, “our Mik” became a mem- ‘her of the Workers’ and Soldiers’ De- puties’ of Minsk, a member of the army committee of the western front, chief organizer and president of the Soviet of Peasant Deputies of White Russia. During the Kornilov mutiny, he was elected commander of the re- volutionary troops in the sector of Minsk. Soon-afterwards he returned to Ivanovo-Voznessensk, where he was elected president of the Zemstvo in the district of Chovia, president of the municipal council, and of the Sov- iet of the district. ; Defending the Revolution. After the October revolution, Frumze became president of the exe- cutive committee of the Russian Com- munist* Party in the governmet of Ivanovo-Voznessensk. It wag at this time that he began his military career as military commissioner for the gov- ernment of Ivanovo-Voznessensk, Fol- lowing the insurrection of Jaroslav, he was named commissar for the mili- tary district of Jaroslav, a post which he occupied until the end of 1918. In December, 1918, he was sent to the front as’ commander of the fourth army, which operated in the Urals. , At the height of the Koltchak of- fensive, Frunze assumed command of —_—-- mirrors the nature existing indepen- dently of it, that is, the evolving mat- ter, in the same way the social know- ledge of man (that. is the ‘various views and teaching; of philosophy, re- ligion, politics, .ete.)“ mirrors the eco- nomic basis. We see, for instance, that the various political forms of the present European states. serve for firmer establishment of the rule of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat. Marx’ philosophy is perfected. phi- losophical materialism, placing power- ful tools of knowledge within the reach of humanity, and especially of the working class. ". Having recognized that the econo- mic structure is the basis upon which the political superstructure is erected, Marx devoted the gréater part of his attention to the study of this structur. Marx’ chief work: “Capital”, is devot- ed to the study of the present state of society, that is, of capitalist society. The classic political economic which arose before Marx’s day developed. in England, the most highly developed capftalist country. Adam Smith and David Ricardo, in their investigations into the nature of the economic struct- ure, laid the foundation for the theory of value’ derived from labor. Marx continued the work begun ‘by these writers. He firmly establishéd and logically developed this, theory: He showed that the value of all com- modities is determined by the amount of socially hecessary labor time re- quired for their production. Where the bourgeoists economists saw relations between things (ex- change of goods), Marx'discovered the actual relation between human beings, The exchange’ of ‘commodities repre- sents a connection between the indi- vidual produ producers, effected by the aid of the market. Money signifies that > connection is becoming contin- ually closer, in that it binds the entire economic Sto thd ce toe individual. produ: cers together into one indivisible whole. Capital signifies the further, develop- ment vm this association: human labor converted into a commodity. Tho was wage worker *worber ali hia inher power 4 cn nner etenn 2 0 maa the four armies of the southern group | of the eastern front, and inflicted on Koltchak’s troops the first defeat, which led to a decisive revival in our position upon the oriental front. Dur- ing the advance he wag wounded by an anti-craft bomb. At the end of June, 1919, Comrade Mikhail was ap- pointed to be commander of thé whole eastern front. With the ad- vance of our troops of the oriental divisions towards the ‘Siberian and Turkestan fronts, he was then ap- pointed commander of the Turkestan fronts and rapidly ¢leared the coun- try of white troops, annihilating Kolt- chak’s southern army. N August, 1920, during the Wrangel offensive in the south of “Russia; and the Ukraine, Frunze was appoint- ed commander on ‘the’ southern front, : and directed with energy the’ opera- tions in the latter part of Novem-) ber which resulted in dislodging: the» whites from their last refuge in the’ Ukraine and in the Crimea. For. his military services, our comrade receiv- ed several decorations, two of these being the order of the Red Flag, and a Sword of Honor. After the liquidation of Wrangel, Frunze became commander of the troops in the Ukraine and Crimea, and plenipotentiary delegate of the revolutionary military council of the _U. S. S. to which is attached the Soviet Republic of the Ukraine. In April, 1921, he was nominated vice- ‘president of the revolutionary mili- tary council of the U. S. S. R. / Frunze is a member of the central committee of the Communist Party of Russia, of the central committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, and of the presidium’of' the Central Executive Committee ofthe U. SiS. R.. When Comrade Trotsky fell ill, . he became commander of the Red Army, and, on January 26, 1925, he was formally nominated chairman of* the Revolutionary ‘Military Council.) ’* to the owner of the land; factories, and means of production. The worker employs a part of his working day in covering the cost fo keeping himself and his family (wages), and for the rest of his working day the worker is working hours for nothing, producing for the capitalists that surplus, value which is the source of profit, the source of the wealth of the capitalist class. , | The theory of surplus value jis the corner stone of Marx's economic the-. ory. Mayakovsky’s Last Appearance in Chicago’ ' Next Tuesday Night Viadimir Mayakovsky, the famous Russian poet, will speak for the last time in Chicago on Tuesday, Oct: 20, at Schoenhofen Hall, Milwaukte Ave." and Ashland Blvd:, at 8-p/m. If you have not-heard him peel ly zou Level chance, ‘Altho the hall holas over & thodieat’ : a bigger crowd ‘than’ evén “tat is’ ex” pected. The enthusiastic \érowd® that wildly cheered Mayakovsky * at” his * last lecture is expected’ td pack this’ nae also. So come early!” ™ * DIVORCE LAW IN MOSCOW SIMPLIFIES — MOSCOW, Oct. 13.—“Zaks” is the name of the special bureau. in Mos- cow which attends to marriage con- tracts and divorce papers, All the formality and red tape of other - od The. Three Sources and-the Three Constituents of Marxism LIFE FOR MISMATED } ete een